C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud for Power …sunseed-fp7.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SUNSEED-Workshop-C-D… · C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud , ... Industrial-grade

C-DAX is funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2011-8) under grant agreement n° 318708

C-DAX:

A Cyber-Secure Data and Control

Cloud for Power Grids

Matthias Strobbe – iMinds

Paolo Romano - EPFL

Context & Cause

Transition to Active Distribution Networks• Multiple actors

• Intermittent production patterns

• New loads: e.g. EVs

• Dynamic load patterns: e.g. caused by demand response services

Need for:• Better protection, monitoring & control in distribution grids

• Support of large numbers smart grid applications with diverse requirements

• Efficient & secure communication platforms to transfer the generated data

C-DAX delivers:• Communication middleware based on Information Centric Networking

• Real-Time State Estimation of distribution grids using PMUs

C-DAX communication platform

3

Topic-based Communication

C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud for Power Grids 4

Publisher A

Pub/sub middleware

Publisher B

Publisher C

Subscriber 1

Subscriber 2

Subscriber 3

Topic 1

Topic 2

Benefits of decoupling publishers and subscribers• Communication partners do not need to know each other• Asynchronous communication possible• Facilitating extensibility, management and configurability

Use case: real-time state estimation in

distribution networks using PMUs

Need for better observability of the grid to assure stability, power quality, voltage regulation, etc.

Can be accomplished by installing Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for regional/local area measurement, protection and

control

C-DAX platform needs to support the stringent latencyrequirements

C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud , SUNSEED Workshop 8 March 2016 5

Real-time state-estimation (RTSE) of ADNs

Monitoring

Control

Protection

State estimation

Network in normal operation:• Congestion management• Optimal V/P control• Optimal dispatch of DER

Network in emergency conditions:• Islanding detection• Fault identification• Fault location


Field Trial Purpose

• Deploy and validate C-DAX in a MV distribution grid under realistic conditions

• Identify power system applications that can run on top of LTE network

• Demonstrate that C-DAX + RTSE can help DNOs to better manage their grid


Selected applications

• Real-time state estimation

• PQ measurements

Field-trial characteristics:

• Owner: Alliander

• Size: 18 buses (area of 12 km2)

• Nominal voltage: 10 kV (phase-to-phase)

• Installed monitoring devices: 10 PMUs (EPFL) and 1 PQ meter (NI)

• Adopted telecom: commercial LTE network (Vodafone)

Field trial setup: BML 2.10 feeder (Arnhem, NL)


Field trial setup: Electrical substations


OS Bemmel: Primary substation

Tuindorp:Secondary Substation(urban area)

Field trial setup: PMU locations


Phasor Measurement Units - Basics


Time

sync

Time

syncSignal condit ioning,

sampling and bu↵ering

Signal condit ioning,

sampling and bu↵ering

Synchrophasor Est imat ion

Algorithm

Synchrophasor Est imat ion

Algorithm

UTC

time-stamp

UTC

time-stamp

Time-baseTime-base

Data encapsulat ion and st reamingData encapsulat ion and st reaming

Est imated valuesEst imated values

Time

source

Time

sourceInput waveformsInput waveforms

Measurement dataMeasurement data

Sampled waveformsSampled waveforms

Phasor Measurement Units – The EPFL PMU


- First PMU worldwide specifically designed for ADN operating conditions

- Rugged and compact NI-compactRIO enclosure to fit in reduced spaces

- First worldwide FPGA-based PMU (high speed and determinism)

- Equipped with a ±100 ns (max error) stationary GPS module

- Metrologically characterized at Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS)

- Steady state accuracy: 10 ppm (independently of harmonic distortion)

- Measurement reporting latency: 37 ms

- Reporting rates: 10-20-50-100-200 fps

- IEEE Std. C37.118 class-P compliant

Field trial setup: LTE network


Substation setup


Industrial-grade 4G router

compactRIO-based PMU

0.1 class sensors (Altea)

Field trial setup: Alliander data center


LTE Backbone

PDC Firewall

PDC, RTSE

C-DAX

C37.118

8 c

ore

xeo

n/

red

hat

Alliander LivelabData & Control center

Synchrophasor data latencies (4G network)


Mean Std Dev Max Min Data Loss (%)70.9 ms 8.1 ms 770.5 ms 49.2 ms 0.0053

Synchrophasor data latencies (w/ & w/o C-DAX)


Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)


PDC performances


Real-time State Estimation (RTSE)


Definition:

“Process of estimating the network state (i.e., phase-to-ground node voltages) with an extremely high refresh rate (typically of several tens of frames per second) enabled by the use of synchrophasor measurements.”

Related applications:

Soft-real-time: Optimal V/P control, Congestion management, etc.

Hard real-time: Fault detection and location

Adopted method:

“Discrete Kalman Filter with online assessment of the model error covariance matrix”

Estimated vs. measured voltage profiles


Estimated power Mean Square Error (MSE)


Conclusions

The C-DAX field-trial is unique in the world in that it is the first time that a PMU-based RTSE is deployed in a DNO’s live operated MV distribution feeder, over a public LTE communication network

The C-DAX field trial has demonstrated that high refresh rate, low latency vision on distribution grid can be achieved through PMU-based RTSE via a public LTE network with a pub/sub middleware like C-DAX

The higher accuracies and refresh rates of the proposed PMU-based RTSE system has demonstrated to considerably improve the quality of service provided by a DNO by supporting a considerable amount of existing power-system applications


Contact

www.cdax.eu

Thank you for your attention!

Questions?

Matthias Strobbe

iMinds

[email protected]

Paolo Romano

EPFL

[email protected]

Thank you.


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud for Power …sunseed-fp7.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SUNSEED-Workshop-C-D… · C-DAX: A Cyber-Secure Data and Control Cloud , ... Industrial-grade