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C (programming language)
Incomputing,C(/si/, as inthe letter C) is a
general-purposeprogramming languageinitially developed
byDennis Ritchiebetween 1969 and 1973 atAT&T Bell
Labs.[3]
Like mostimperative languagesin
theALGOLtradition, C has facilities forstructured programmingand
allowslexical variablescopeandrecursion, while astatic type
systemprevents many unintended operations. Its design
provides constructs that map efficiently to typicalmachine
instructions, and therefore it has found lasting
use in applications that had formerly been coded in assembly
language, most notablysystem
softwarelike theUnixcomputeroperating system.[4]
C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all
time,[5][6]
and C compilers are available for
the majority of availablecomputer architecturesandoperating
systems.
Many later languages have borrowed directly or indirectly from
C,
includingC#,D,Go,Java,JavaScript,Limbo,LPC,Perl,PHP,Python, and
Unix'sC shell. The most
pervasive influence on these languages (excluding Python) has
beensyntactical, and they tend to
combine the recognizable expression and statementsyntax of Cwith
underlying type systems, data
models, and semantics that can be radically different.C++started
as a preprocessor for C and is
currentlynearly a superset of C.[7]
C is animperative(procedural) language. It was designed to be
compiled using a relatively
straightforwardcompiler, to provide low-level access to memory,
to provide language constructs that map
efficiently to machine instructions, and to require
minimalrun-time support. C was therefore useful for
many applications that had formerly been coded in assembly
language, such as insystem programming.
Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to
encouragecross-platformprogramming.
A standards-compliant andportablywritten C program can be
compiled for a very wide variety ofcomputer platforms and operating
systems with few changes to its source code. The language has
become available on a very wide range of platforms, from
embeddedmicrocontrollerstosupercomputers.
Major Differences Between C And C++
C++, as the name suggests, is a superset of C. As a matter of
fact, C++ can run most of C
code while C cannot run C++ code. Here are the 10 major
differences between C++ & C
1. C follows the procedural programming paradigm while C++ is
amulti-
paradigmlanguage(procedural as well as object oriented)
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7/28/2019 C C++ Programming
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In case of C, importance is given to the steps or procedure of
the program while C++
focuses on the data rather than the process.
Also, it is easier to implement/edit the code in case of C++ for
the same reason.
2. In case of C, the data is not secured while the data is
secured(hidden) in C++
This difference is due to specificOOP featureslike Data Hiding
which are not present in C.
3. C is a low-level language while C++ is a middle-level
language (Relatively, Please see
the discussion at the end of the post)
C is regarded as a low-level language(difficult interpretation
& less user friendly) while
C++ has features of both low-level(concentration on whats going
on in the machine
hardware) & high-level languages(concentration on the
program itself) & hence is regarded
as a middle-level language.
4. C uses the top-down approach while C++ uses the bottom-up
approach
In case of C, the program is formulated step by step, each step
is processed into detail
while in C++, the base elements are first formulated which then
are linked together to give
rise to larger systems.
5. C is function-driven while C++ is object-driven
Functions are the building blocks of a C program while objects
are building blocks of a
C++ program.
6. C++ supports function overloading while C does not
Overloading means two functions having the same name in the same
program. This can be
done only in C++ with the help ofPolymorphism(an OOP
feature)
7. We can use functions inside structures in C++ but not in
C.
In case of C++, functions can be used inside a structure while
structures cannot contain
functions in C.
8. The NAMESPACE feature in C++ is absent in case of C
C++ uses NAMESPACE which avoid name collisions. For instance,
two students enrolled inthe same university cannot have the same
roll number while two students in different
universities might have the same roll number. The universities
are two different namespace
& hence contain the same roll number(identifier) but the
same university(one namespace)
cannot have two students with the same roll
number(identifier)
9. The standard input & output functions differ in the two
languages
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