C: AVA Nigeria Flash Drying ExperienceSanni, L O., A. Marchant, A. Graffham, L. A. Abayomi, B. Siwoku, K. Adebayo, A.

Westby , Mfregene, O. Adewolu, G. Asumugha, E. Alenkhe, T. A. Diallo, C. Iyangbe, A. Raji, R. Edosio,, E. I. Kwaya, N. Akobundu, A. O. Afowowe, I. C.

Ozumba, O. T. Odunjo, W. B. Asiru, A. Babatunde, E. Obinna, . C. H. Kadurumba, R. Omolehin, A. C. Iheanacho, S. Bamire, I. Ojiakor, Ojobo, R. Edosio, M., Nkang

Partners:

Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

What is a Flash Dryer?

Flash dryer is a continuous drying plant used for drying variety of wet cakes by disintegrating wet cake into fine powder and dried by hot gas to form powder.

Drying is carried out in a short span of time usually 0.5 to 3 seconds.

Flash dryer is versatile. It could be to produce starch, HQCF, complementary foods from cassava and other root crops.

Notable organisations in Nigeria that has promoted usage of FDs are FIIRO, IITA working with Octec, Peak & Nijilucas improving on the performance of the FDs.

2008 Inefficient Costly Processing

• 156 flash-dryers (FD) in 127 SME’s

• 86% of FD’s poor – 11% efficiency, Output 103kg/hr 374 litres diesel/tonne

• 14% FD’s - 32% efficiency, Output 96kg, 132 litres diesel per tonne

• International standard: Efficiency 50%, 200kg/hr 76-80 litres diesel per tonne

Are all flash dryers the same?

Name of flash dryer

Output kg dry product /hr

Diesel per ton dry product

Efficiency %

NX4-CY 202kg 87 litres 49%

NX2-CY 96kg 132 litres 32%

NSD2-CY 105kg 139 litres 30%

NX1-CY 119kg 166 litres 25%

China-FD 99kg 313 litres 13%

NP1-CY 103kg 374 litres 11%

Working with Flash Dryer Manufacturers and SMEs

• Fabricators: Niji Lukas Limited; NOBEX Limited; Peak Precision Ltd ready to retrofit.

• Assessed SMEs: Mic Makin, Akure; Peak Products, Abeokuta, Godilogo Farms, Obudu, Cross Rivers, Eagle Baba SME at Osogbo.

Significant improvements to flash drying

• Old dryers used 199 l diesel per t HQCF• Newly designed Nobex 4 uses 86 l/t (49%

efficient). Cost reduction ca. $130/t- 50% fuel cost reduction

• Changes (fans/heat exchangers) to commercially-produced equipment consequence of C:AVA assessments.

• Modifications to design: a result of C:AVA intervention

CAPACITY STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL FABRICATORS: NOBEX SUCCESS STORY

Assessed October 2009: the Nobex Double Cyclone Dryer had the best overall performance of 10 dryers tested in Nigeria and Ghana

Assessed October 2009: the Nobex Double Cyclone Dryer had the best overall performance of 10 dryers tested in Nigeria and Ghana

June 2010: Nobex Four Cyclone Flash Dryer was assessed and adjudged to be the highest efficiency drier assessed to date

June 2012 2011: To deliver 4-cyclone to Malawian client courtesy C: AVA.

January 2012: Nobex obtained contract to deliver 4 Cyclone Flash Dryer to Lagos State Government Cassava Development Project.

CTAP-NRCRI-IITA-NARs-C:AVA SME Audit

Average Cassava Roots Cost per HQCF per Zone

41,33352,000

39,60052,800

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

North Contral South East South West South South

Geo-political zone

Co

st

Average Cost of Fuel for Drying per Zone

7,050 8,200

12,58614,024

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

North Contral South East South West South South

Geo-Political Zones

Co

st

CTAP 14 Engineers & 1 Socio – Economists audited 157 SMEs, Feb –March, 2012

Assessment of the cost element HQCF FDs

Cost Element Percentages in South West

50%

0%3%1%1%1%0%

16%

3%

2%

5% 8%6%

1%

3%

Cassava Roots

HQCF Wet Cake

Peeling

Grating

Dewatering bags

Pressing (De-watering)Electricity

Fuel for Drying(Black oil)Generator

Pulverization to fuelflourPackaging-bags

Transport to market

Fixed Cost

Water(fetching/production)Contingencies (3%of fixed + var. cost

Cost Element Percentages in South East

64%0%5%

1%1%1%1%

10%

1%

1%

3%

2%

5% 2% 3%

Cassava Roots

HQCF Wet Cake

Peeling

Grating

Dewatering bags

Pressing (De-watering)

Electricity

Fuel for Drying(Black oil)

Generator

Pulverization to fuelflour

Packaging-bags

Transport to market

Fixed Cost

Water(fetching/production)Contingencies (3%of fixed + var. cost

Cost Element Percentages in South South

50%

0%5%2%2%1%3%

13%

6%

1%

3%

6% 5%

0%

3%

Cassava Roots

HQCF Wet Cake

Peeling

Grating

Dewatering bags

Pressing (De-watering)

Electricity

Fuel for Drying(Black oil)

Generator

Pulverization to fuelflour

Packaging-bags

Transport to market

Fixed Cost

Water(fetching/production)Contingencies (3%of fixed + var. cost

Cost Element Percentage in North Contral

56%

0%4%2%0%2%0%10%3%

1%

4% 8%6%

1%

3%

Cassava Roots

HQCF Wet Cake

Peeling

Grating

Dewatering bags

Pressing (De-watering)

Electricity

Fuel for Drying(Black oil)

Generator

Pulverization tofuel flour

Packaging-bags

Transport tomarket

Fixed Cost

Water(fetching/production)Contingencies (3%of fixed + var. cost

C: AVA Upgrade Strategies

To Upgrade 25 out of 157 FDs in Nigeria ($8,000 for an SME) – 41% efficiency, Output 138kg/hr, 103 litres diesel per tonne

Open days for SME’s to promote FD upgrade, present financials (business plan based) & industry essentials (QA & markets)

Training and monitoring of QA among SME’s

Strengthening market linkages / end user support

Key Messages

Product from the FD to be price competitive

Reduction of cost of fuel is achievable

Profitability of HQCF depends on cassava root and drying costs

Quality Assurance is key

North-South Collaboration is very important in equipment development

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