CASE STUDYACTION RESEARCH

MA3C0203 Johnson 張峻源

BASIC POSITIONDifferent things to different people

Synonymous with qualitative research

A methodInstitutions, programmes, events

METHODS USEDInterviewsDocumentsObservationRecording

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF RESEARCH

A case study in TESOL might focus on a single teacher and perhaps a small group of students in order to explore how the relationship develops as the latter settle into a new language school.

In- depth interviews Lesson observation Documentary evidence Narrative accounts Descriptive vignettes

SOME KEY CONCEPTSIn most cases sampling is likely to be purposeful.

Its own worth (intrinsic)A broader issue (instrumental)

POTENTIAL RELEVANCE TO TESOL

It is an exciting possibility that current interest in the careful study of cases might produce a national archive of such case records.

If we had such an archive now, we could understand in much greater intimacy and depth the recent history of our schools.

CHALLENGESAs much rigour as other approaches

BASIC POSITION Case- based Interventionist position Institution- wide investigation Participatory or emancipatory There are two essential aims of action research:

to improve and to involve. Action research aims at improvement in three areas: firstly, the improvement of a practice; secondly, the improvement of the understanding of the practice by its practitioners; and thirdly, the improvement of the situation in which the practice takes place. The aim of involvement stands shoulder to shoulder with the aim of improvement.

METHODS USEDThe action research spiral:

planning→ acting and observing→ reflecting→ planning…

The practitioner- researcher’s workThe nature of the interventionThe context of professional practiceInterviews, recordings, documents,

observationJournal keeping

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF RESEARCH

Appropriate intervention A new intake Keep a journal Record lessons

SOME KEY CONCEPTSA cycle of activitiesEmpowermentEmbed the research within a professional context

POTENTIAL RELEVANCE TO TESOL

A potentially rich source of professional understanding

CHALLENGESPopularity with practitioner- researchers

Instrumental orientation

Case study Action research

focus Particular cases Professional action

Outcome

Detailed description of individual

Improvement of professional practice

Data collection

Interview, document, observation, recording

Journal, interviews, documents, recording

Case study Action research

優點

1. 運用各種方法，蒐集齊全 資料2. 深入了解個案3. 解釋差異、掌握變遷現象4. 研究對個案本身具有價值

1. 能廣泛運用至教育各層次和各領域2. 能幫助實務工作者確定問題及其解決 之道3. 促進教師從事教學革新的能力4. 它提供教育合作研究的空間

缺點

1. 研究者本身能力的限制2. 資料蒐集與分析時間漫長， 費時費力3. 所蒐集到的資料、呈現的 報告易流於主觀偏差4. 不能做普遍化的推論

1. 研究設計較不嚴謹2. 人員協調困難3. 角色調和易產生困擾4. 研究者的自我應驗預言

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