CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY 1202

UNIT Three: Economic Issues In Canada

Chapter Eight – Making a Living in Canada

Page 348

GROUP ACTIVTY

PAGE 348 QUESTIONS 1, 2, 3

Canadians work to earn money Do you have a part-time job? What do you need the money for? Supporting

your family? Entertainment and hobbies? Not even a full-time job can provide

everything you want Much of work income goes toward basic

items such as accommodation, food, clothes, and transportation

Many jobs available depending on skills, interests and education

WORK IS A TWO WAY STREET

When Canadians work, they trade their time and ability for payment

In turn, the people or companies they work for provide goods and services to others

Every job in Canada contributes to the quality of life in Canada

CANADIAN INDUSTRIES

Most items in your possession have a label that indicate where it was made

Consider ALL the people who have helped get your shirt to you Harvest Cotton Make Cloth Manufacture Shirt Transport Shirt Sell Shirt

CANADIAN INDUSTRIES

Industry: particular types of labor that are done in exchange for pay

Economy: the goods and services Canadians produce and exchange which is divided into certain sectors and levels

PRIMARY INDUSTRY Canada has abundant natural resources and is

considered one of the wealthiest countries in the world

Major companies in the past depended on natural resources Ex. Hudson’s Bay Company: beaver pelts Others depended on coal, fish, lumber

Today Canada’s economy depends more on other industries but many still centre on forestry, mining, farming, fishing

Primary Industries: those who work directly with natural resources / raw materials (risky and physically demanding)

SECONDARY INDUSTRY We use natural resources to develop and

manufacture products for consumers Secondary Industries (Manufacturing

Industry): build, construct, and manufacture products from these raw materials

Canadians have reputation for producing airplanes, cars, paper

Popular myth that this industry is a low-skill industry -- NOT TRUE

Many are technical and require a high degree of skill Ex. Computer hardware assembly, precision tools

Canada has a highly skilled workforce

SECONDARY - AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Canada has some of the world’s largest producers of cars and trucks (Ford, General Motors, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, Toyota)

Divided into two parts: 1. Assembly of vehicles 2. Manufacture of car and truck parts

Best country in North America for delivering high quality cars and automotive parts

TERTIARY INDUSTRY

Tertiary Industry: service jobs ex. Doctors, lawyers, actors, chefs, fast food

Industrialized: shift from primary and secondary industries to tertiary industries, they are wealthy, powerful, good quality of life

Services keep us safe, comfortable, and informed

* 13.6 million Canadians work in service industries

CANADIAN INDUSTRIES Tertiary - Contact Centre Industry: a hub

of workers where customers can call in or email for technical support, customer service, hotel bookings, car rentals, and other services

NB has Canada’s largest

Quaternary Industry: those involving the creation of knowledge, ideas, and technology – intellectual services that are the basis of research and development (create solutions to problems) ex. Scientific research, telecommunication,

pharmaceutical and consulting companies

Knowledge Economy: the creation of information to produce economic benefits

Innovation: the creation of new ideas Ex. Managerial, science and education, governmental

service jobs Increase in the number of jobs requiring both of

these things Networking: exchanging information, contacts,

and experience with people for business purposes Entrepreneurs: people who run their own

businesses. These people face the risk of starting a business but also have great flexibility to try out new ideas and be innovative

CONNECTIONS No industry stands alone, they all depend on

one another

CARS Working on assembly line Mining industry (make plastic and metal) Petroleum products Recycling of cars Disposal of non-recyclable components Car crashes (tow trucks) Forensic investigators Medical examiners

GEOLAB CHALLENGEPAGE 361

Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4

QUESTIONSPage 363

#1, 2a, 3

WORK CHALLENGES

When you cannot find work a chain reaction of difficulties occur

Only about 2% of Canadians who are eligible to work are 18 years of age and over, and are not in school full time (some ill and simply cannot work)

Seasonal unemployment for workers in resource industries such as tourism, the fishery, and construction also presents challenges

JOB MARKET

Quickly changing, cause of unemployment Employment is affected by the cost of

operating a business Business Incentives: advantages offered to

businesses which encourages them to continue operating in their present locations or to lure them to a new location ex. Low-interest loans or lower taxes

New locations can reduce the cost of operations but causes job loss

Industrial Millwright: a person who keeps machinery in a factory in running order

Mason: a person who builds with stone or brick

Children are the worst victims of poverty 1 in 10 children lives in poverty

Low-income jobs do not provide the necessary funds to cover basic needs

Underemployed: being unable to find a job that matches up with your skills, abilities, training, and education

Working Poor: a job that pays a small wage that does not provide for their basic needs (older women, single parents, recent immigrants, young people)

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms promises equality for everyone, economic equality is very difficult to bring about

Job-Sharing: the sharing of responsibility and pay of one full-time job by two or more part-time workers

Success in finding good work is often related to support from friends and family

Many work for free, stay-at-home parents, those taking care of aging parents, volunteers, coaches

DIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY In some cases one parent may stay in a

community with children to create stability while the other moves to an area that has employment opportunities

In NL, many manufacturers and processing plants have closed over the years

Thousands move from NL to Fort McMurray to earn income and return home

Family decisions based on their economic and employment and economic situations Re-education, moving, personal businesses

QUESTIONSPage 369 #2

COMMUNICATION

Communication technology has played a big role in the connections people have with others around the world

Technology has shrunk Canada Many advances in technology have

connections to Canada Marconi: wireless telegraph: radio Fressenden: audio and video transmission Bell: telephone

• Pg 370

•Canada was 1st

•1972 (Anik A1’s)

•1973: CBC began live

Satellite TV•Grew

faster in Canada than anywhere else

•Centre of entertainment (audio, video, radio, Internet, email, text)

Cellphones

•Quickly grown & widely used in Canada

•Made it more affordable to be in regular contact with people across the country and world

Internet

INTERNET Smart Tech (Calgary) is leader in worldwide

white board technology Blog: short form for weblogs, sophisticated

digital journals that authors can choose to share with the world (video logs called vlogs)

Podcasts: audio files downloaded and enjoyed by anyone with access

A lot of services available online (bank) Video conferencing

INTERNET People can now work from home

Benefits include: Companies reducing cost of office spaces Companies reducing cost of parking spaces Eliminate frustration of commuting Reduce air pollution

Not all Canadians have equal access to telecommunication technologies Those living in poverty Those living in rural communities

QUESTIONPage 373 #1

TRANSPORTATION Transportation connects Canadians to their work

Roadways, railways, waterways, airways Certain products that are available in some

regions in Canada are not directly accessible in other areas

DELIVERING 1962: Trans Canada Highway 7821 km Trucks transport goods Just-in-time System: the delivery of materials

required for manufacturing right before they are needed

Trucks carry over 200 million tonnes of goods a year in Canada

TRANSPORTATION ROADWAYS

Most popular form - CARS Buses, subways, rail

Most depend on cars Gridlock: the backup of traffic in an urban area

WHAT are the ADVANTAGES of Having your own Car ? ? ?

OTHER

Metro Bus, Subway, Carpool

TRANSPORTATION WATERWAYS

Shipping lanes on the water

Advantages: Large for carrying Produce less pollution Less expensive to operate

* 1/3 of all natural resources obtained in Canada are shipped out to other countries

TRANSPORTATION RAILWAYS

Canadian Pacific Railway completed in 1885 Carry more goods than people

Labrador: railway used to carry iron ore

AIRWAYS Much more expensive than ship, train, truck Reserved for perishable cargo that can be moved

quickly Canadian airlines transport 80 million passengers

each year Hubs: major centers used to transfer points

TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES

Transport oil and gas to refineries, water to purification plants

Built over mountain ranges, on permafrost and underwater

Trans-Canada Pipeline carries natural gas in a pipe that is 1 m in diameter

They disturb wildlife habitats and migration patterns

CLASS PROJECT

1. Choose a Province other than NL

2. List 2 primary, 2 secondary, 2 tertiary, 2 quaternary industries

3. List products exported and imported

4. List main types of transportation

5. Analyze job market (shortages, unemployment)

6. CREATE A POWERPOINT TO PRESENT INFO