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Byzantine Empire. Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E. Fall of Rome. Rome was besieged by various tribes from modern day Germany and France. Dark Ages part 1 Byzantine pt. 1. Constantine 324-337 CE. Emperor Converted to Christianity spread it throughout Founded Constantinople. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.
Fall of Rome
• Rome was besieged by various tribes from modern day Germany and France.
Dark Ages part 1Byzantine pt. 1
Constantine324-337 CE
• Emperor• Converted to
Christianity spread it throughout
• Founded Constantinople
Byzantine Empire in the EastAKA Eastern Roman Empire
• Center at Constantinople;
• Embraced Greek culture & language
• Lasted nearly 1,000 years
Justinian527-565 CE
• Great Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire (Byz.)
• Re-took parts of old Roman Empire from barbarians (Italy, Spain)
Justinian’s Empire at its Peak
Cont’d..
• Absolute power• Improved
Constantinople:– Rebuilt the city– Built Churches
(more on this in a sec…)
• Justinian’s Code…
Justinian’s Code• Single, uniform code to regulate
Byzantine Empire• Taken from Roman law• Decided legal ?s that regulated whole
areas of Byzantine life:– Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance
• Lasted in Empire for 900years!!
Rebuilding…
• Churches = connection b/n church & state = J’s gr8est passion..
• Hagia Sophia = crowning glory of his reign!
• Many thought it was the “most splendid church in the Christian world!”
Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom in Greek]
Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia
…and Greco-Roman learning
• Byz. families valued education• Studied Classics & subjects from
Roman Empire• Preserved great works of Ancient
Greece & Rome = we have them today!
Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• 1) Justinian Plague: 10,000ppl/day!! 40% of Constantinople’s pop!
• 2) Attacks from both sides:– Persians– Arabs– Russians, and… – OTTOMAN TURKS!!
Why do we care??
• Lasted for 1000ish years• Preserved Greek culture• Location of Constantinople (today-
Istanbul)• Orthodox Christianity– we learn
about tomorrow…
Christian Schism Between East & WestWestern Roman Church Eastern Orthodox
Church•Very centralized with Pope
•Priests celibate
•Services & Bible in Latin exclusively
•Unleavened bread for communion
•Very localized with patriarchs
•Priests may marry
•Services may be given in the vernacular
•Leavened bread accepted•Differences over importance and use of icons
•Both want control over the Balkans•Had alternate conceptions of the Holy Trinity
The East-West Schism (1054)
• Patriarch rejects Roman Papal authority
• Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius exchange
proclamations of excommunication
• Creates Roman Catholic & Easter Orthodox Churches; schism remains to
this day
Art
Last thing about the Byzantines..
• Converted Slavs to Orthodox Christianity…
• Missionaries invented “Cyrillic Alphabet”– 4 Slavs 2 read!! (the Bible, of course!)
• Why is that imp?: Slavic languages & Russian are written in that language today AND Slavs became Christian… (More on Russia tomorrow)
Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6c
The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from
the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:Benedictine Rule of poverty,
chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of
the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of
war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].
A Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
Illuminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Stylee Rounded Arches.
e Barrel vaults.e Thick walls.e Darker, simplistic interiors.e Small windows, usually at the top of the
wall.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Charlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 800
The Carolingian Renaissance
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Pyramid social structure
In Practice Things Were Not so Simple• System relied heavily on subinfudation;
a particular vassal may have multiple loyalties
• Power was maintained through the granting of fiefs, or manors; most kings
relied on vassals for military support
Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
Parts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
The Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
Village Church
Village Bakery
Peasant Home
Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague
• Manor system provided feudal lords with wealth; peasants serfs were forced to work the land in exchange for food
and shelter; near slave labor
• Serfs typically could not leave the manor freely; had few rights and little
economic opportunity
• Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this system; serfs could dictate wages and labor opportunities would open up
in the cities c.1350
William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II: established the principle of
common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury. trial by jury.
Quiz 11 A.
1. Identify “Crusades”2. What is the Truce of God?3. What were the results of the 1st
Crusade?4. What is a subsistence economy?5. What is the story of Eleanor of
Aquitaine?
Quiz 11 B.
1. Identify “Crusades”2. What was the result of the 2nd Crusade?3. What was the advantage of using a
horse?4. What were the effects of coinage?5. What were the cultural effects of the
Crusades?