By: Viral Rathod Aman Goyal. 1. Enterprise Architecture. 2. History of Enterprise Architecture 3. Overview of Zachman Framework 4. The Owner’s Perspective

Zachman FrameworkRow 2 : The Owner Perspective

By: Viral RathodAman Goyal

CS 6899

Organization1. Enterprise Architecture.

2. History of Enterprise Architecture

3. Overview of Zachman Framework

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2)

5. Security in Owner’s Perspective.

6. Criticism of Zachman Framework

7. Other Framework / Approaches.

1. Enterprise Architecture What is Enterprise?

What is Enterprise Architecture?

Why to use an Enterprise Architecture?

What are currently available solutions?1. WebSphere2. SAP – ERP3. Oracle Enterprise Manager

An ExampleBusiness of a hypothetical car manufacturing company.

1. Enterprise ArchitectureMost basic Work Flow Diagram for Car Manufacturing.

Company

Market

Research

Cars

1. Enterprise Architecture

Car Manufacturing company

HR

Finance

Marketing

SalesManufacturi

ng

TestingManufacturi

ng for Testing

Regulation Check

Design

2. History of Enterprise ArchitectureDevelopment of various Enterprise Architecture:

1980-1990

• A framework for information systems architecture,' John Zachman article in IBM Systems Journal.

1990-2000

• Capgemini Integrated Architecture Framework (IAF)

• DoD Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management (TAFIM)

• Federal CIO Council introduces Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF)

2000-2010

TOGAF 7.0 Technical Edition

Zachman 2003

DoDAF 1.0

TOGAF 8.0 EE

FEA mostly complete

TOGAF 9

DoDAF 2.0

2. History of Enterprise ArchitectureRelationships between various Enterprise Architecture:

Zackman

1987

EAP1992

FEAF1999

TEAF2000

TISAF1997

TOGAF1995

TAFIM1994

DODAF2003

C4ISR1996

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkWhat is Zachman Framework?

Classification schema.

Tabular tool / matrix.

Provides Rational for decisions made.

Clear understanding of what is happening.

Clear understanding of why is happening.

Problem solving kit.

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkWhat problems does it solve?

Any complex problem involving multiple individual components.

E.g. Flight Reservation System.

E.g. Building a rail road.

E.g. Building Empire State Building.

3. Overview of Zachman Framework

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkRow 1: The Planner Perspective

Data/What: Business goals, objectives and performance measures related to each function .

It mostly comprises of the important things with respect to customer and product

What data are needed for the car manufacturing???


Function/How: High-level business functions

In this cell we mostly concentrate on the all the aspects of the activity to achieve the goal.

Ex: How to meet the market needs for the car???

How to provide quality car???


Network/Where : The locations related to each function.

Ex: Head office, Manufacturing Units, Dealer Locations

Where should be Head office of my Car Company ???


People/Who: Stakeholders related to each function

Ex: Roles & Responsibilities in the Process.

Who should be appointed for the particular designation???


Time/When : Cycles and events related to each function

Ex: External events, Process execution.

When should company brings car in the market???


Motivation/Why: Business goals, objectives and performance measures related to each function

Ex: Company Core Values, Mission Statement, Strategic Goals

Why company is producing car???

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkRow 2: The Owner Perspective

Data/What: Business data

Ex: Inputs & Outputs for each functioning Unit.

What security level should be provided to different data???


Function/How: Business Process

One of the most important block in the Zachman Framework Architecture.

Ex: Use Cases are used to meet the requirements


Network/Where: Locations related to each process

Ex: Communication may be through email, mail, fax, VoIP

Where should we provide high level of security in the network???


People/Who: Roles and responsibilities in each process

At this stage we are not concerned about this row.


Time/ When: Events for each process and sequencing of integration and process improvements.

Owner will go through the life cycle of the product i.e. Corporate calendar

Planner will propose various proposals .


Motivation/Why:Policies, procedures and standards for each process .

Ex: We already have collected a set of company policies

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkRow 3: The Designer Perspective

Data /What: Data models of data and data relationships underlying information

The data received from the owner is now verified by the designer.

The designer may schedule data backup at this stage.


Function/How: Information systems and their relationships

Ex: The designer defines the functions of different modules of the enterprise.

The designer checks the process for access control, recovery control .


Network/Where: Distributed system architecture for locations

Ex: The designer now designs the network and depending on the security of the data provides security end to end or link to link or both.


People/Who: Access privileges constrained by roles and responsibilities

Ex: Role are assigned to different users based on their skillset.

A hierarchy is built for better result.

The end product of every employer is decided.


Time/When : Events and their triggered responses constrained by business events and their responses

Ex: Designers defines the timely events of the enterprise and the up gradation of product to be done on timely basis.


Motivation/Why: Policies, standards and procedures associated with a business rule model

Ex: The designer defines the rules based on the jurisdiction.

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkRow 4: The Builder Perspective

Data/What: DBMS type requirements constrained by logical data models

Ex: Requirement are expressed in technology format.

The main goal of this cell is to make sure that the data is available in proper format i.e. secured for various technologies.


Function/How :Specifications of applications that operate on particular technology platforms

Ex:The builder decides what technology to be used for the particular process and its counter measures.

This cell also checks how to provide security???


Network/Where: Specification of network devices and their relationships within physical boundaries

Ex: This cell decides which hardware to use for networking and where they should be installed.


People/Who: Specification of access privileges to specific platforms and technologies .

Ex: What access control should be provided to different people for different technology??

Also the workflow is decided .


Time/When: Specification of triggers to respond to system events on specific platforms and technologies

This stage decides when to trigger which process.

Ex: When to make a back up??When to release a particular data for a particular process???


Motivation/Why: Business rules constrained by information systems standards

Ex: This cell deals with the constrained due to the limitation of resources and technology.

3. Overview of Zachman FrameworkRow 5: The Sub-Contractor Perspective

Data/What: Data definitions constrained by physical data models

Ex:


Function/How: Programs coded to operate on specific technology platforms

Ex:


Network/Where: Network devices configured to conform to node specifications

Ex:


People/Who:Access privileges coded to control access to specific platforms and technologies

Ex:


Time/When: Timing definitions coded to sequence activities on specific platforms and technologies

Ex:


Motivation/Why: Business rules constrained by specific technology standards .

Ex:

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2) Who is Owner?

What is Owner’s Perspective?

Business Process

Business Model

Entities & Relationships

The Complete facts about business & processes.

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2) Owner’s Problems in Enterprises.

Business Process

Internal & External Entities

Analyzing changes in the business processes.

Business Entities

Adding

Removing

Merging

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2)How does this model solve these problems?

Holistic

Objective

Complete Understanding

Revisiting the Car Company.







4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2)What is important in business.

Classification of Data:

Highly Sensitive

Ex: Financial Data / Future StrategiesVery few people have access (Access control & Authorization)Secrecy (Strict Confidentiality)Validity (Integrity & Availability)

Sensitive

Ex: Operational InformationComparatively large group knows (Access Control & Authorization)Secrecy (Confidentiality)Validity (Integrity & Availability)

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2) Classification of Data (ctd…)

Company Secret:

Ex: Business ProcessesCompany wide everybody knows. (Access control (login))No Secrecy (No Confidentiality)Validity (Integrity)

Public:

Ex: Quarterly ResultsPublically available information (No Access control or authorization)No Secrecy (No Confidentiality)Validity (Integrity)


Data Sensitivity

Financial Data Highly Sensitive

Research Statistics Highly Sensitive

Design Requirements Highly Sensitive

Design Document Highly Sensitive

Test Cases Sensitive

Test Results Highly Sensitive

Defining Assembly Company Secret

Marketing Strategy Sensitive

Quarterly Statements

Public


Define the business process How components function & how they

interact.

Use rules, regulation & feedback. Marketing Research

• Refer information about previously made cars/competitive cars.

• Produces "Statistics" for PlanningSecurity:

Only available to Market Research & Planning departments

Designing may access it based on requests.Planning•Refers the "Statistics" from Marketing Research•Uses experience as 'feedback‘.•Produces "Design Requirements", "Marketing Strategy", "Sales

Strategy”•Security:

• Only available to planning.


Design• Refers "Design Requirement" • Uses regulations & experience as 'feedback'.• Produces "Design Document“• Security:

• Available to Planning, Design, Regulatory check

Design Regulations check• Refers "Design Document“• Uses

• design guide lines as 'control‘• Previous experience as 'feedback‘• Produces "Acceptance Status".

• Security:• Available to Planning, Design, Regulatory

check.


Sandbox• Refers "Design Document“• Uses

• Manual Manufacturing & Testing methods as 'control‘

• Previous experience as 'feedback‘• Produces "Test Results“

• Security:• Available to Testing & Planning.

Manufacturing• Refers "Design Document“• Uses

• Manufacturing methods as 'control‘• Previous experience as 'feedback‘• Produces "Cars“

• Security:• Available to Manufacturing, Design &

Planning.


Marketing • Refers "Marketing Strategy“• Uses

• Marketing methods as 'control‘• Previous experience as 'feedback‘

• Produces public awareness/hype of the new car

Sales• Refers "Sales Strategy“• Uses dealerships & other methods as 'control‘• Produces

• defines dealers & geographical availability.• channels for supply• serves actually demand


Market Research : Where market is ex: Detroit

Planning: Head office ex: New York (corporate HQ)

Design: Where designs are made as per requirements ex: • SF (US specific security requirements)• Munich, Germany (Basic design)

Sandbox: Where test models are created and tested ex: Detroit (Test manufacturing & testing)


Manufacturing: Where cars will be manufactured ex: • China(all basic parts will be

manufactured)• India (backup supply)• Detroit (Basic frame & assembly for all

the parts)• Fremont, CA (Backup facility)

Marketing: at head quarter ex: NY (Marketing head office)

Sales: at head quarter ex:• NY (Sales head office)• All regions will have their regional

branches.


Security:

1. Inter-office communication using VPN on

Frame-relay.

2. Inter-office backup-communication using lease

lines.

3. Intra-office communication using Giga-bit

Ethernet.

4. Intra-office backup-communication using lease

lines.

5. Each office network is protected by Firewall &

Gateway.

6. One active (NY) & one backup authentication

servers.

7. Each office has several certificates, for

authentication, integrity & authorization.


Define Roles & Responsibility.

Organizational Chart.

Departments

Department HeadHigher control over departmentMight have access to other

departments

Department Staff



When should things happen.

Corporate Calendar.

Sequence of the functions (Col 2) Specific Milestones.

Ex: • Design dead line• Testing Results dead line• Production start date• Market Release date• Sales start date.• Sales Targets dead lines

Each of them refers / depends on other.


Market Research

Planning

Car Design Regulation

Test

Production Marketing

Sales


Earn Money

Corporate EthicsEx: • Ethics in Human Resources• Ethics in Finance• Ethics in Production• Ethics in Intellectual Property.

Government Rules & Regulations

4. The Owner’s Perspective (Row 2)FUNCTION IN SEQUENCE

MOTIVATION / CONSTRAINTS

Market Segment Definition

To specify the requirements and focus on them.

Car Designing To provide precise specifications.

Regulatory Approvals

To certify for basic regulations

Regulatory Approvals(Authority)

To certify for more extensive set of requirements

Manufacturing Car for test To produce test cars.

Define Test CasesTo define how to test the cars and what are the acceptable results

Manufacturing To manufacture the acceptable cars

Marketing Create a market for the car

Sales Actual sales.

6. Criticism Generalized

Old school

Analysis paralysis

Hard to include changes

Not Dynamic

No Feed back mechanism.

7. Other Frameworks The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF)

The Federal Enterprise Architecture.

The Gartner

7. Other FrameworksThe Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF)

Defines categories as follows Business architecture.

Application architecture.

Data architecture.

Technical architecture.

7. Other Frameworks

Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)

FEA requires all of the following: A perspective on how enterprise architectures should be

viewed.

A set of reference models for describing different perspectives of the enterprise architecture.

A process for creating an enterprise architecture

A transitional process for migrating from a pre-EA to a post-EA paradigm

7. Other Frameworks

Gartner

• Constituents: business owners, information specialists, the technology implementer.

• Believes in defining goals first.

• Prime importance is strategy.

7. Other Frameworks• Taxonomy completeness : How well you can use the

methodology to classify the various architectural artifacts.

• Process completeness : How the methodology guides you through a step-by-step process for creating an enterprise architecture.

• Reference-model guidance : How useful the methodology is in helping you build a relevant set of reference models.

• Practice guidance : How much the methodology helps you assimilate the culture in which it is valued and used.

7. Other Frameworks

Taxo

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ZACHMANTOGAFFEAGARTNER

7. Other Frameworks (Comparision)

• Maturity model : Level of guidance to assess the effectiveness and maturity of different organizations entities.

• Business focus : to whether the methodology will focus on using technology to drive business value,.

• Governance guidance : How much help the methodology will be in understanding and creating an effective governance model.

• Partitioning guidance : How well the methodology will guide you into effective autonomous partitions of the enterprise.


Maturity model

Business focus

Governance guidance

Partioning guidance

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5


7. Other Frameworks (Comparision)• Prescriptive catalog : How well the methodology guides

you in setting up a catalogue of architectural assets .

• Vendor neutrality : How likely you are to get locked-in to a specific consulting organization by adopting this methodology.

• Information availability : The amount and quality of free or inexpensive information about this methodology

• Time to value : The length of time you will likely be using this methodology.


Pres

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Catal

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Info

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ConclusionZachman Framework provide a holistic view of the Enterprises. The best case could also include consideration for future expansions and some unexpected changes to the organization. At the same time doing this may lead to “Analysis Paralysis”. So before implementing / accepting Zachman alternate solutions should be analyzed.

Documents

By: Viral Rathod Aman Goyal. 1. Enterprise Architecture. 2. History of Enterprise Architecture 3. Overview of Zachman Framework 4. The Owner’s Perspective