The Urinary System
The Urinary (Renal) SystemBy: Ryan M., Brady P., Connor H.
UrineUrine is a liquid by-product of bodyNitrogen RichRemoved
through urinationUrea: CH4N2OUsed in everyday
lifeUrinalysisDetection and analysis of chemicals/toxins in
urinePathogens
UrineColor:Light colors=healthyDark
colors=unhealthypH:4.6-8Acidic urine forms stones (ex: Kidney,
bladder, ureter)Volume:1-2 liters depending on hydration
UrineSecreted by kidneysSecretion: a process by which substances
are produced and discharged.Excreted by UrethraExcretion: a process
by which waste products (Metabolic Wastes) are eliminated from an
organism.
StonesRounded crystals of dietary mineralsLargest: 2.5 lbs.
PhysiologyRemoval of WasteRegulation of Electrolyte BalancepH
RegulationControlling Blood VolumeRegulating Blood Pressure
Major Organs InvolvedKidneysUretersUrinary BladderUrethra
http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.KidneysBean shaped organServes
regulatory roles (homeostatic)ElectrolytesAcid-Base BalanceBlood
PressureThe kidneys function as natural filters.
KidneysExcrete WasteUreaAmmonium
HydroxideReabsorptionWaterGlucoseAmino
AcidsProductionHormonesEnzyme Renin
Compare and ContrastFiltration separates large molecules and
blood cells from water and small molecules.Reabsorption is the
blood taking back the filtrate.
Nephron(Greek) Nephros: Kidney
The nephron is the main functional unit of the kidney.Regulates
conc. of water and solutes in the bloodNecessary to life
Average human has 800,000-1.5 million nephrons
NephronBowmans Capsule:Tube like structure in beginning of the
nephronPerforms first step of filtration of blood
Glomerulus:High pressure tube system within Bowmans
CapsuleForces waste out of blood plasma
Active TransportActive transport is the movement of any
substances across a cell membrane. Against concentration gradient
Ex: amino acids, ions, glucoseEnergy Required
AortaThe aorta feeds the renal arteries with oxygenated
blood.Blood is filtered through kidneys
Superior Vena CavaTakes venous blood back to heartDeoxygenated
bloodBlue=No oxygen rich blood cells
Renal ArteriesRenal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.Right
artery is longer due to positioningDivides into multiple branches
for distribution
Renal VeinsRenal veins drain the clean blood from the
kidneys.Divides into 2 positionsAnterior and posterior
UretersTubes made of smooth muscle fibersThe ureters connect the
kidneys to the urinary bladder.Common site for impaction of kidney
stones
*Cause 80% of failed kidney transplants*
Urinary BladderHollow elastic organUrine enters by ureters,
exits by urethraThe urinary bladder collects urine excreted by the
kidneys before disposal.
UrethraThe urethra is a connection tubeConnects urinary bladder
to genitals Excretion of fluids from the body.Males:8 inchesEmerges
through the penisFemales:1.5 inchesEmerges above vaginal
opening
Accessory Organs/MethodsLungsExhalationCarbon dioxide formed by
oxidation of food releasing energyBlood carries this to lungsWaste
products: carbon dioxide & water vapor
Accessory Organs/MethodsSebaceous GlandsAttached to hair
follicleEach gland contains alveoli which produces oily substance
called sebumWaxes, sterols, fatty acids, and other hydrocarbons are
released
Accessory Organs/MethodsLiverRemoves broken down hemoglobin from
the worn out red blood cellsRemoves along with bile into the
fecesMakes urea less toxic by combining with carbon dioxideAlso
further breaks down alcohol and several drugs
Accessory Organs/MethodsSweat GlandsSudoriferous GlandsProduces
a saline solution called sweatReleased to cool down body
Accessory Organs/MethodsAdrenal GlandsEndocrine GlandsSit atop
the kidneysRelease hormones in response to stressCorticosteroids
> CortisolCatecholamines > Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Diseaseshttp://nyp.org/health/urology-diseases.html
Summaryhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chhNaLi9P3E&feature=em-share_video_user
Polycystic Kidney DiseaseCystic genetic disorderAutosomal
dominantGrowth of cysts on both kidneys. No known cureDialysis is
most frequently used treatment
Bibliographyhttp://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yoururinary/http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-health/?gclid=CN_Y09Xn2rsCFcFj7AodVh8A1whttp://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Projects00/memfilt/kidneys.htmKohn
A. Crocco, Greys Anatomy
Textbookhttp://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-kidney-stone/http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/picture-of-the-kidneys
