Types of BondingBy Reid JanssenAnd Ryan Miller

Forces within BondingIntramolecular and Intermolecular forces Intermolecular

forces are attraction between neighboring molecules intramolecular forces are attraction within molecules chemical bonds.

Dipole-Dipole attraction Attraction between molecules that are dipoles.

Van der waals forces Are weak intermolecular attraction that exist but one molecule and another whether polar or non-polar.

The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force. It’s a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles

Covalent BondingCovalent bonding is the bond between two non-metals.Such a bond exists when two or more non-metals come

together and share electrons to satisfy the octet rule, which states that each atom must have a total of 8 electrons on it’s valence shell.

The electrons within covalent bonds are shared, neither atom gives or takes the others electron.

There are two branches of covalent bonding, non-polar and polar.

In covalent polar bonds the atoms within the bond are all sharing the electrons unequally. Ex: HCl

In covalent non polar bonds the electrons are shared equally, this only consists within the atoms of the same element. Ex: F₂

Drawing Covalent BondsTo draw covalent bonds, we use the electron

dot diagram. Ex: HCl F2

HCl F F

Covalent polar bond

Covalent non-polar

Ionic BondingIonic bonding is the bond between a metal and a non-metal.Non-metals are usually negative and metals are usually

positive, when one negative non-metal and a positive metal join together they form a ionic compound.

In an Ionic bond the metal (unless its an ion) will always give up its electrons to the non-metal in order to satisfy the octet rule.

Ions are formed when neutral atoms either gives up or gains a valence electron.

The loss of electrons from a metal atom makes a positive ion.The gain of electrons by a non-metal give a negative ion.If a metal such as sodium losses two electrons it will act as a

non-metal in the halogen family.

Drawing Ionic BondingElectron dot diagrams

Na

+ Cl = Na

+ - ClIonic bond

S 2e

S+ -2-

[ ]Sulfur Ion

Hydrogen BondingThe strong

intermolecular attraction between the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to an atom of a highly electronegative element such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine (all halogens). A common example of this is H₂O (water)