LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND ETHICAL

ISSUESBy: Randi Burkhardt

ETHICAL ISSUES FOR SAFETY AND

SECURITY

Social Networking The new way individuals can

communicate with each other on-line. Not very reliable because people can

make fake accounts. Parents are not able to constantly

monitor leading to children making poor choices.

Social NetworkingTeachers should: Not use social network websites in schools. Keep your network page private to eliminate

students or parents seeing. Don't accept students as friends. Show students different ways to

communicate electronically. Show students how to keep their personal

page safe.

Acceptable Use Policies It's a written agreement that states all

the terms and conditions of Internet use. Teachers, students, and parents all sign

the agreement. It discusses rules, assess privileges,

acceptable behavior, and penalties for violations.

Maryland Acceptable Use Policy

Acceptable Use PoliciesTeachers should: Require all students to sign the agreement

so they understand what is acceptable.  Always follow the agreement as a role

model for students. Before each use, remind students of the

Acceptable Use Policies Prohibit illegal use. Teach students the importance of AUP.

Netiquette Consists of having good internet

etiquette. Students are to use proper language

and avoid using profanity. No personal information should be

displayed on the internet to increase safety.

Netiquette Video

NetiquetteTeachers should: Remind students to use proper English when

using the Internet.  Practice with students proper Netiquette so they

understand. Always demonstrate Netiquette to students and

parents through e-mails. Give students assignments as if students were

writing an e-mail to a boss or teacher. Teach students how to use spell and grammar

check.

Cyber bullying Sending hurtful, rude, or mean text messages to

others Spreading rumors or lies about others by e-mail

or on social networks Creating websites, videos or social media profiles

that embarrass, humiliate, or make fun of others Students sometimes don't understand it is

happening and it goes unreported. Over 25% of adolescents and teens have been

bullied repeatedly through their cell phones or the Internet.

Cyber bullyingTeachers should: Talk to students about cyber bullying and

discuss the harm it can put on students. Discuss consequences to students if

caught cyber bullying. Allow students to feel comfortable

enough to approach you with any issues. Don’t allow any bullying in schools. Report any suspicious activities.

Student Data Allows for students and parents to view

student education records. The federal law prohibits any

educational records to be seen by anyone but the student or parent. 

Helps keep parents informed about their students work.

Student DataTeachers should: Do not allow anyone other than the

student or parents to view student records. Educate students on the importance of

keeping their records or other personal information they use on the internet safe.

Keep all records secured and safe. Only open student records when need to. Never leave records unattended.

Internet Privacy Controls the amount and type of

information that can be seen on the internet.

Only certain people are able to access certain information.

Keeps all personal information private.

Internet PrivacyTeachers should: Educate students why it is important to keep

personal information safe. Tell students anyone is able to view a website or

edit one so remember to be safe by not uploading personal information.

Don’t give students assignments that require personal information.

Teach students how to be safe while using internet. Don’t give assignments on computers without

giving an assigned website.

DIGITAL DIVIDE

Gender Men are more likely to use technology

than women. Women use the Internet for more

communication purposes. Men use Internet for recreational

activities such as searching the web for interests.

The ratio of girls to boys using computers is 1:4

GenderTeachers should: Use both women and men interests on the

Internet to be equal to all students. Encourage boys to communicate Encourage girls to search more on the

Internet for fun. Find different things that the students are

interested in and encourage them to use it. Be fair to all students.

Socio economic Some families or schools are not able to

afford technology so they use it less than schools with a high socioeconomic status. 

High SES families are more likely to have technology in their homes.

Low SES students receiving instruction involving computers attained higher academic achievement than did 58.2% of those in traditional-instruction-only classrooms.

Socio economicTeachers should: Do not assume all students have computers in

their homes. Don't assign homework that requires the use of

technology. Teach students how to use technology in the

classroom because some may not know how to. Have students work with one another to help

eachother. Encourage students to visit local library to use

technology outside of school.

Race Minorities are less likely to have computers or

other technology resources at home. Schools in an area of minorities are less likely to

have computers. Some races have a higher understanding of the

use of technology and use it more than others. 40. 8% of Caucasian families,19.3% African

American families, 47% other non-Hispanics, and 19.4% Hispanic have computers in their homes.

RaceTeachers should: Work with students to teach them about

technology. Do not assign homework that requires the use

of computers.  Integrate students so that ones with a higher

understanding can help other students. Don’t assume all students know how to use

technology or have it at home. Encourage students to use other resources.

Resource Equity Some schools do not have as many

resources or are unable to receive them. Students at different schools are getting

different learning through technology.

Resource EquityTeachers should: Any available resources should be used

to give the students variety. Give all students equal learning. Ask for different resources from

colleagues. Borrow resources from other schools. Get students comfortable with using

different resources.

Teacher Bias Teachers prefer schools with a high

economic status for the use of technology.

Teachers favor different students because of their ability to understand better. 

Teacher BiasTeachers should: Be fair to all students and don't favor

any over the other. Create lessons so that all students are

successful. Work with all students. Don’t put down students emotionally. Be open minded to all students.

LEGAL USE OF DIGITAL MEDIA

Copyright Form of protection from the U.S.

Constitution. Students and teachers are using illegal

information to assist them in their work. There is less time spent on working

appropriately.  Copyright Laws

CopyrightTeachers should: Educate the students on the copyright laws

to keep them safe. Follow the laws and show students how to. Help students use proper citation and use

it as a teacher. Teach students where they are able to find

copyright laws. Only allow students to use legal materials.

Fair Use Teachers can use information for

educational purposes for personal uses. Students are able to use different

materials for their different needs. There are restrictions with copyrighted

materials. Can be used for online videos,

documentary films, media literacy, lectures, or other in-class assignments.

Fair Use4 Factors to Determine: The purpose and character of the use,

including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes

The nature of the copyrighted work The amount and substantiality of the portion

used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole

The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work

Fair UseTeachers should: Practice the fair use policy and teach it to

students. Explain how to follow the fair use policy and

demonstrate them. Allow students to use different materials to

complete assignments. Use only reliable sources. Demonstrate ways to follow these guidelines.

Creative Commons Students and teachers are able to

search legal information and change it. Teachers and students can post

information to be used. Individuals can share and use material. Creative Common Guidelines

Creative CommonsTeachers should: Use creative commons and teach students

how to do so.  Promote the legal use of creative commons

and be sure to implement it in your classroom. Encourage students to critique different work. Search for student interests for them to

evaluate material. Share information with other colleagues.

Resources Abercrombie, K., Carroll, T., Fulton K., Yoon, I. (May 13, 2004).

Fifty Years after “Brown v. Board of Education”: A Two Tiered Educational System. ERIC, National Commission on Teaching and America's Future

An Educator’s Guide to Gender Bias Issues. Retrieved on May 16, 2011 from, http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/wp/access/gender.html.

Arencibia, A. (2009). Copyright Law, Fair Use, Creative Commons, And The Public Domain. Retrieved from May 15, 2011, from http://www.slideshare.net/aamarie/copyright-law-fair-use-creative-commons-and-the-public-domain

AUSOC. (2011). Fair Use. Retrieved on May 16, 2011, from http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/fair-use

Bullying Statistics. (2009). Cyberbullying Statistics. Retrieved on May 16, 2011, from http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/cyber-bullying-statistics.html

Resources Copyright. (2009). Copyright Law of the United States.

Retrieved on May 16, 2011, from http://www.copyright.gov/title17/

Copyright and K-12: Who Pays in the Network Era? (September 19, 2001). Retrieved on May15, 2011 from, http://www.ed.gov/Technology/Futures/rothman.html.

Drucker, M. J. (2006). Commentary: Crossing the digital divide: How race, class, and culture matter. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 6(1), 43-45.

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Fraser, M. (2008). Throwing sheep in the boardroom : How online social networking will transform your life, work and world. England: John Wiley & Sons.

Resources Helsper, E., Whitty, M. (September 2010). Netiquette within

married couples: Agreement about acceptable online behavior and surveillance between partners. SciVerse, 26(5) , 916-926.

Highbeam Business. (June 22, 2002). Technology-enriched classrooms: effects on students of low socioeconomic status. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. Retrieved on May 16, 2011, from http://business.highbeam.com/619/article-1G1-93610772/technologyenriched-classrooms-effects-students-low

Maryland State Archives. (July 21, 2010). Acceptable Use Policy. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/intromsa/html/acceptable.html

National Education Statistics & Other Equity Indicators. (1997). Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http://www.maec.org/natstats.html#computer1

Resources Podell, D., Soodak, L. (1993). Teacher Efficacy and Bias in

Special Education Referrals. The Journal of Educational Research, 86(4), 247-253. doi: 10.1080/00220671.1993.9941836

Stop Bullying. Cyberbullying. Retrieved May 16, 2011, from http://www.stopbullying.gov/topics/cyberbullying/

TeacherTube. (2010). Nettiquette. Retrieved May 16, 2011, from http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=135305&title=Nettiquette

U.S. Copyright Office. (November 2009). Copyright: Fair Use. Retrieved on May 17, 2011 from http://www.copyright.gov/

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vitalsignsme.org/creative-commons-license-guidelines