By: Preetie Cheema, Qian Ying Lee,

Aish Purushothaman, Jamila Shairzad 10H

John Bowlby

1907 – 1990

Psychoanalyst

Believed that mental health and behavioural problems could be attributed to early childhood.

Likes to study separation of children, due to his own experiences

Mary Ainsworth -> student of Bowlby. Extended and tested his ideas, and suggested that several attachment styles existed.

Bowlby’s Biography…

AKA Theory of Monotropy

Theory derives from Lornez's study of Imprinting.

Earliest bonds formed by children with caregivers impact their life.

Attachment keeps the infant close to mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.

Children are born biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others -> survival

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory…

SAFE HAVEN-

When threatened or afraid -> return to the caregiver for soothing

SECURE BASE-

Caregiver -> secure and dependable base for child to explore the world

PROXIMITY MAINTENANCE-

Child strives to stay near the caregiver -> keeping child safe

SEPARATION DISTRESS-

When separated from the caregiver -> upset and distressed

Characteristics of Attachment…

Any separation during the critical stage of development will affect the child in later life.

Separation was the cause of the delinquency or disobedience.

Maternal deprivation hypothesis…

Secure Attachment

Resistant Attachment

Avoidant Attachment

Separation Anxiety

Stranger Anxiety

Types of Attachments & Anxieties…

Secure Attachment

Resistant Attachment

Avoidant Attachment

Separation Anxiety

Distressed when caregiver leaves.

Infant shows signs of intense distress when caregiver leaves.

Infant shows no sign of distress when caregiver leaves.

Stranger Anxiety

Avoidant of stranger when alone but friendly when caregiver present.

Infant avoids the stranger - shows fear of stranger.

Infant is okay with the stranger and plays normally when stranger is present.

Reunion Behaviour

Positive and happy when caregiverreturns.

Child approaches caregiver but resists contact, may even push her away.

Infant shows little interest when caregiver returns.

Other

Will use the caregiver as a safe base to explore their environment.

Infant cries more and explores less than the other 2 types.

Caregiver and stranger are able to comfort infant equally well.

% of infants 70 15 15

Bibliography… http://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.htmlhttp://

www.coursework.info/AS_and_A_Level/Psychology/Developmental_Psychology/

__147_Bowlby__146_s_maternal_deprivation_L986.html

http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/a/attachment01.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002509/

http://www.parenting-ed.org/handout3/Specific%20Concerns%20and%20Problems/stranger

%20anxiety.htm

http://www.aap.org/publiced/BK0_SeparationAnxiety.htm

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING =D