The Impact of Tourist Labor Migration on

Yunnan Women’s Economic and Social Status

-a case study on ethnic group of Yunnan

By

Ms. Zhong Jie, Yunnan of China

1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Poverty is prominent along the rural areas in the

GMS countries, and the tourism industry has

become a way for people (ESCAP, 2005),

especially ethnic women to add their income and

enhance their cultural identity.

• Tourist labor migration has already appeared

currently in China (YANG Zhao, 2005).

• As tourism migration has been on the rise in recent years, it will inevitably impact on laborers, especially female laborers in many aspects.

• In Yunnan Province, for example, women of ethnic groups have also begun seeking opportunities for employment in the tourism industry.

• Actually, the Tourist Labor Migration becomes an important factor to impact on Yunnan Women in many aspects, such as their economic and social status (Zhong Jie, 2010).

1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT

• In these contexts, the research problem is to

document the positive or negative aspects of

women’s economic and social status in terms

of income, education, occupation, wealth, and

women’s empowerment, under the background

of Tourist Labor Migration.

1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT

• What’s the Tourist Labor Migration situation and challenges faced by female migrants in Yunnan?

• Could female migrants increase their income by employment in tourism industry?

• What’s the impact of Tourist Labor Migration on the economic and Social status of Yunnan women?

2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• Measuring the change of Yunnan female migrants’ incom

e and social status by employment in tourism industry;

• Convincing policy makers that employment in tourism ind

ustry is an option of female migrants to increase theirinco

me and enhance their traditional cultural identity;

• Generating national and international policy dialogue on

Tourist Labor Migration and development with a gender p

erspective for maximizing the benefit.

3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Tourist Labor MigrationFemale Migrants’

Economic and Status

income

education

wealthoccupation

Topic: The Impact of Tourist Labor Migration on Yunnan Women’s Economic and Social Status

4.Conceptual Framework & Hypothesis

H1

H0

H3

H4

H2

Income

• Income refers to wages, salaries, profits, rents, and any flow of earnings received.

• Income can also come in the form of unemployment or workers compensation, social security, pensions, interests or dividends, royalties, trusts, alimony, or other governmental, public, or family financial assistance.

Education

• Educational attainment is preferable to analyze for SES because it can be figured for all individuals.

• A person’s educational attainment is considered to be the highest level (grade or degree) of education they have completed.Education also plays a role in income.

Occupation

• Occupational prestige as one component of SES, encompasses both income and educational attainment.

• Occupational status reflects the educational attainment required to obtain the job and income levels that vary with different jobs and within ranks of occupations. Additionally, it shows achievement in skills required for the job.

• Occupational status measures social position by describing job characteristics, decision making ability and control, and psychological demands on the job.

Wealth• Wealth, a set of economic reserves or assets, presents a

source of security providing a measure of a household's ability to meet emergencies, absorb economic shocks, or provide the means to live comfortably.

• Wealth reflects intergenerational transitions as well as accumulation of income and savings.

• Income, age, marital status, family size, religion, occupation, and education are all predictors for wealth attainment.

5. SCOPE OF RESEARCH AND STUDY AREA

• This study is concerned with the impact of Tourist Labor Migration (TLM) on Yunnan Women’s economic and social status.

• For the limitations of fund and time, this research only focus on women in Yunnan Province .

Bai People, Yunnan