BY MIALY RABE

““GENERAL ZOOLOGY BIO 212”GENERAL ZOOLOGY BIO 212”Course Context:

This course covers the study of structure and physiology of all animal systems in the Kingdom Animalia from the molecular level to the whole organism, the development and life cycle of individual animals, classification, animal behavior, population and distribution studies, and the interactions between animals and their biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) environments.

This study unit covers ORNITHOLOGY or the study of the modern bird in class Aves.

BIG DREAM GOALSBIG DREAM GOALS

1) Love, protect and develop a positive ethical value towards all animals

2) To gain a FUNDAMENTAL scientific knowledge of birds (evolution, anatomy and physiology, morphology, reproduction, behavior, habitats and ecological nich)

Pair of Northern Cardinal Pair of Northern Cardinal Cardinalis Cardinalis cardinaliscardinalis

Alignment GridLearning Objective

Taxonomy Level/Categ

ory

Learning Activities

Formative Assessment

Summative Assessmen

t

1. Identify and describe the external anatomy of modern birds by using at least 15 key morphological features

KNOWLEDGE 1. Lecture2. Diagram

labeling

CLASS QUIZ: Match the pair

EXAM : Match the pair

Label this Bird – what bird is it?

2. Compare and contrast the external morphology of modern birds

KNOWLEDGECOMPREHENSION

1. Lecture VENN DIAGRAM

EXAM QUESTION:Compare and contrast Songbird and Shorebird

Specific Learning ObjectivesSpecific Learning Objectives

BY THE END OF THE SEMESTER, THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1

Identify and describe the external anatomy of modern birds by using at least 15 key morphological features

Knowledge, comprehension

Taxonomy Level Category Taxonomy Level Category

Learning activity 1- Obj.1Learning activity 1- Obj.1

Lecture on the external morphology of birds to illustrate the different parts of birds.

Basic morphological structures are similar in birds though some parts will not show at either relaxed or active positions

Parts of a Songbirds Parts of a Songbirds (part of lecture)(part of lecture)

Parts of a shorebirdsParts of a shorebirds (part of lecture) (part of lecture)

Bird Glossary (handout)Bird Glossary (handout)

Feet : Terminal part of the leg.

Flank : Area between the belly and the wings, more posterior.

Flank stripe : Band on the flanks.

Flight feathers : Primaries and secondaries.

Forehead : Part of the face above the eyes.

Foreneck : Front part of the neck.

Frontal shield : Extension of the bill onto the forehead.

Gape : Base of the bill where the mandibles join.

Gonys : Lowermost ridge on lower mandible.

Gorget : Iridescent throat feathers on a hummingbird.

Greater secondary coverts : Feathers overlying bases of secondaries.

Gular region : Between the chin and the foreneck.

Head : Upper part of the body.

Head stripes : Bold lines on the head.

Hindhead : Rear portion of crown.

Hindneck : Back of the neck.

Horns : Paired contour feathers arising from head.

Inner primaries : Group of primaries closest to the body.

Inner secondaries : Group of secondaries closest to the body.

Inner wing : Shoulder, secondaries and secondary coverts.

Iris : Colored part of eye.

Jugulum : Front part of the neck.

Knee : Joint in the middle part of the leg.

Leading edge of wing : Front edge of the wing in flight.

Leg : Limb used for supporting the bird.

Lesser secondary coverts : Feathers overlying bases of median secondary coverts.

Lore : Area between the eye and the bill.

Lower mandible : Lower part of the bill.

Lower mandibular tomia : Cutting edges of lower mandible.

Malar stripe : Area at the sides of the chin.

Mandibular ramus : Prong-like, posterior projection from bill.

Mantle : Upper surface of the wings and the back.

Marginal coverts : Feathers overlying bases of median secondary coverts.

Median line : Stripe through the crown.

Median secondary coverts : Feathers overlying bases of greater secondary coverts.

Mustache : Area at the sides of the chin.

Mouth : Cavity bounded by the bill.

Nape : Back of the neck.

Nasal canthus : Anterior corner of eye.

Nasal fossa : Depression in which nostril is located.

Neck : Part connecting the head to the main part of the body.

Neck patch : Inflatable sac on neck used by males in courtship display.

Nictitating membrane : Translucent, vertical fold under the eye lid.

Nostril : External naris.

NOcciput : Rear portion of crown.

Operculum : Swollen structure in pigeons overarching the nostril.

Outer primaries : Group of primaries farthest from the body.

Outer secondaries : Group of secondaries farthest from the body.

Outer tail feathers : Part of the tail farthest from the center.

Outer wing : Alula and primaries.

Patagial mark : Dark patch on leading edge of underside of inner wing.

Pelagic : Living on the open ocean rather than coastal or inland bodies of water

Pinnae : Projecting feathers.

Plumes : Large, conspicuous, showy, feathers.

Primaries : Flight feathers attached to the "hand."

Primary coverts : Feathers protecting and covering the primaries.

Primary numbering : System for assigning a number to each primary.

Pupil : Contractile aperture in iris.

Learning activities 2 –Lobj.1Learning activities 2 –Lobj.1

1. Beak2. Head3. Iris4. Pupil5. Mantle6. Lesser coverts7. Scapulars8. Coverts9. Tertials10. Rump11. Primaries

12. Vent13. Thigh14. Tibio-tarsal articulation15. Tarsus16. Feet17. Tibia18. Belly19. Flanks20. Breast21. Throat22. Wattle

Individual Class activity: Use the following word bank to label the external morphology of the attached bird Vanellus malabaricus provided

Learning activity 2: Label this bird Learning activity 2: Label this bird using the word bank providedusing the word bank provided

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Class quiz: Match the pairs:A. MantleB. NostrilC. TertialsD. CrownE. BreastF. ScapularsG. CovertsH. RumpI. PrimariesJ. VentK. TarsusL. TibiaM. FlanksN. BillO. Nape

1. Long feathers along side of bodyM2. Several groups of feathers between belly and

undertail covers that covers opening of cloacaJ3. Area of feathers between back and wingsF4. Feathers that lie under the folded wingsD5. Covers top of headP6. Nine or ten long flight feathers growing from

“hand” bones and forming lower border of folded wingI

7. Part of the leg between knee and foot. K8. Upper legL9. Back of neckO10.Area between the uppertail coverts and the backH11.BeakN12.Upper surface of the wings and backA13.Top of the headD14.External narisB15.Front part of the chestE

Summative AssessmentSummative Assessment

EXAM QUESTION:EXAM Q #1: Match the pairs ( word picked from what we did in class)

EXAM Q #2: Indicate the name of this bird and label the parts on this songbird

LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2

Compare and contrast the external morphology of modern birds

Knowledge, comprehension,application

Taxonomy Level Category Taxonomy Level Category

Learning activity 1 –L.obj. 2 Learning activity 1 –L.obj. 2 Shorebirds VS SongbirdShorebirds VS Songbird

PART OF LECTURE: Emphasis on structures that differentiate between the Songbird and the Shorebirds

This typical shorebird differs significantly from passerines in wing structure and in its two distinguishable groups of scapulars, which are much more prominent than the scapulars on passerines.

The scapulars hang loosely when relaxed, covering most of the wing. (They are often pulled up when active, exposing the wing coverts.)

The secondaries and primaries are nearly or entirely concealed when the wings are folded. Note the many rows of lesser coverts (bottom illustration). The pale V on the back of many shorebirds is formed by pale edges on the mantle and upper scapular feather groups.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1. Lobj.2: VENN DIAGRAM comparing Lobj.2: VENN DIAGRAM comparing PARTS SHOREBIRD AND PARTS SHOREBIRD AND SONGBIRDSONGBIRD

Compare the morphological structure of the songbird and the shorebird.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT1.Lobj.2: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT1.Lobj.2: VENN DIAGRAM (CONT’D)VENN DIAGRAM (CONT’D)

Instructions: Put the numbers inside the circles as appropriate

Common features in the middleShorebird only ASongbird only B

1. NAPE 4. UPPER SCAPULAR

7.ORBITAL FEATHERS

2. TERTIALS 5. SUBSCAPULAR

8.SUPRALORAL

3. VENT 6.NAPE 9. FLANK

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTSUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

EXAM QUESTION 3:In your own words, compare and contrast the external anatomy of the songbirds and the shorebirds (1 paragraph- min. 5 lines)

LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3

Identify at least 10 birds by their classification Order based on their bird physical traits (morphology) and their habitats or ecological niche

LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4

KNOWLEDGE COMPREHENSION, APPLICATION