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By: Maura Stefko
Javanese
Dance
The bedoyo and the srimpi are dances that young women enact combat.
Men dance the tari topeng, in which solo performers portray folktale characters.
Javanese
Beliefs
The Javanese beliefs are called Kejawen, which is a metaphysical search for harmony within one’s inner self.
The Java are mostly Muslim
Fasting is a common practice, it helps attain discipline of the mind and body to get rid of emotional desires.
Meditation is also common, it is a search for inner self wisdom and to gain physical strength.
Javanese
Cuisine
Javanese cuisine is divided into three different groups: Central Javanese cuisine, East Javanese cuisine, and common Javanese cuisine.
Central cuisine is sweeter and less spicy.
East cuisine uses less sugar and more chili.
Rice is the common stable food and is served with every meal.
Location
The island of Java formed where the Indo-Australian plate meets the continental shelf of Asia.
A series of volcanoes had broke through and the Java were able to use their peaks for rice terraces.
The island is the size of Britain and it consists of more than 40% of Indonesia’s population.
Javanese
Language
The Javanese language is basa Jawa.
The Javanese language is part of the Austronesian family.
There are two types of Javanese speech: nikko and kromo.
Nikko is informal speech used between family and friends.
Kromo is polite and formal, it is used by persons of a lower status to persons of a higher status.
Javanese Death
Ceremonies
In the Javanese culture when someone dies, the body is washed and buried.
At the day of the burial a sacred meal is organized
The hold a slametan on the 7th, 40th, and 100th days of the first year. Another sacred meal is placed on the 1000th day of the persons death.
Javanese
Folklore
The Javanese believe in some supernatural beings:
Memedis are frightening spirits that appear to people as familiar relative to make them invisible.
The greatest spirit is Ratu Kidul, the queen of the south sea. Men avoid wearing green, her favorite color, at the Indian Ocean shore so they will not be pulled into her underwater realm.
Javanese
Holidays
The first day of the Islamic year is regarded as a special day. On the eve of the holiday people stay up all night and watch kirab pusaka, which is parading of the royal heirlooms, in the town of Solo.
The birthday of Muhammad is celebrated in Yogya and Solo by holding the Sekaten fair.
Javanese Birth
On the 35th day after a birth, a ceremony is held.
There is special food and a lot of family celebrating during this ceremony.
Javanese
Weddings
Arranged marriages still occur in villages, but most Javanese pick their partners.
The process starts with the man asking the woman’s father for her hand.
On the night before the wedding, the woman’s kin visit the graves of ancestors for their blessing.
On the wedding day after the two are married a party is held.
Javanese
Relationships
The Javanese avoid confrontation at all costs. They don’t panic even if they find out disturbing news.
The use polite speech and respectful body language by bowing.
Children that have not learned to behave in a dignified way are considered to be not yet Javanese.
Javanese Living
Conditions
Individual houses in Javanese villages have bamboo fences surrounding them.
Villages sit on the ground so the houses have earthen floors. The framework and walls are made of bamboo and the roofs are made of dried palm leaves.
Traditional houses have no windows.
Javanese
Family Life
Javanese mothers remain close to their children throughout their lives. Fathers become more distant after the age of 4.
Fathers are considered the head of the house but mothers exercise more real control.
Households usually consist of a couple and their unmarried children.
Javanese Clothing
Javanese follow the Indonesian style of dress.
Men wear a sarong(skirt like garment), high collared shirts, jackets and a blangkon(head cloth).
Women wear a sarong, long sleeved blouse, and a sash over the shoulder.
Javanese
Heritage
The gamelan orchestra is an important part of traditional rituals, festivities, and theater.
It consists of bronze gong, keyed metallophones, drums, a flute, a rebeb fiddle, and a celempunng zither. It also has male and female vocalists.
The music has hundreds of compositions in a variety of forms.
Javanese
Employment
Around 60 percent of Javanese earn a living from agriculture.
They grow wet rice, corn, yams, peanuts, and soybeans.
Most non-farming Javanese work as artisans or traders.
Poverty as forced many Javanese into low status jobs.
Javanese
Recreation
Java’s master art form is the wayang kulit shadow puppet play. Flat puppets are played against a screen lit by a lamp overhead. The plays are based on the Hindu epics that include romance, comedy, and tragedy.
Today a popular form of theater is central Javanese ketoprak. It is based on stories from Javanese history.
Javanese
Crafts
Batik textiles are the best known Javanese craft.
The designs are created in several dyeing's. Some emphasize geometric patterns while others feature delicate floral patterns.
Other noteworthy crafts are leatherwork, woodcarving, pottery, and glass painting.
Javanese Social
Problems
Javanese peasants must support themselves on smaller and smaller landholdings.
Many lose their land and must become tenant farmers, sharecroppers, wage-laborers.
The military helps industrialists suppress labor unrest in the factories that are spreading in Java’s crowded cities.
Javanese
Education
Six years of elementary school are required by law.
Major goals of the educational system is teaching the national language, instilling the state ideology od Pancasila, and supplying religious instruction.
About 15 percent of the school-age population attends private schools.
Javanese
Sports
The most popular modern sport is soccer, which is played on large open spaces in towns throughout the country.
Other popular sports are basketball and badminton.
Martial arts are also widely practiced.
Javanese
Literature
Javanese literature goes back to the eleventh century AD, beginning with adaptations of the Hindu epics.
The earliest literature in modern Javanese includes babad, which are poetical chronicles of Java’s history.
Novels and short stories have been produced in Javanese.
Javanese
overview
The Javanese are the dominant ethnic group of Indonesia.
Although Javanese culture is just another regional culture, it has far greater power to influence national culture.
“Java” comes from the Sanskrit Yavadvipa, meaning island of barley.
Javanese food
examples
Common meal ingredients are rice, stir-fried vegetables, dried salted fish, tofu, soybeans, chili sauce, and shrimp crackers.
Favorite dishes include gado-gado, sayur lodeh, pergedel, and soto.
Common desserts are gethuk and various sticky-rice preparations.
Javanese Food
Cont.
Javanese often buy food from peddlers around the neighborhood.
They enjoy lesehan, late night dining on mats provided by the sidewalk food vendors.
On special occasions, the tumpeng slematan is served, which is a cone shaped mound of steamed rice.
Javanese
Clothing Cont.
Javanese women wear their hair in a style called sanggul, which is long hair in a thick flat bun at the back.
Women also always wear handbags.
Traditional dance costumes and wedding clothing leave the chest bare for men and the shoulders bare for women.
Javanese Jobs
Poverty has forced many Javanese into low status jobs.
These jobs include maid, street peddler, fare collector, parking attendant, or ngamen, which is a street musician who plays on sidewalks.
Javanese Family
Life Cont.
Married couple usually set up a separate household if they can afford it. Otherwise they move in with the wife’s parents.
The divorce rate is high in villages and poorer cities.
After a divorce, the children stay with the mother.
Javanese Other
Holidays
On Ramadan, people put flowers on the graves of their departed loved ones.
They also do this on certain other holidays.
Sources
Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures
Student Resource Center Junior
