B Y M A S O N L U F F , I S A B E L L A Z U Z U L O , O L I V I A M A N G A N O

RUSSIA

Ivan I Ivan IVIvan III

BACKGROUND

• Moscow- northern forest, less Mongol raids

• Settled in 1100’s• 1250- primitive hamlet

enclosed by a crude, long wall

• Took Princes of Moscow 240 years to build strong, independent state (1240-1450)

• Near 3 great rivers- Volga, Dnieper, Don

BACKGROUND CONT.

• Control of rivers = control of nearby European Russia • Moscow began rise of power under Mongols

IVAN I

• policies increased Moscow’s power and made it the richest principality in northeastern Russia

• 1325- succeeded his brother Yury as prince

• 1328- named “Grand Prince”• Preferred to expand his realm by

purchasing territory rather than conquering it

• Close alliance with the Russian Orthodox Church

• Made Moscow the spiritual center of the Russian lands

IVAN I CONT.

• Rise of Moscow under Ivan I Kalita was determined by three factors:

• The Moscow principality was situated in the middle of other Russian principalities

• An influx of working and tax-paying people who were tired of constant raids and who actively relocated to Moscow from other Russian regions

• A trade route from Novgorod to the Volga river.

IVAN I- GOVERNMENT

• Ruled 1328- 1341• Tax collector of Mongols• Served well- gained office of

“Great Prince”• Had to share title

w/Alexander Vasilievich of

Suzdal until his death in 1331

IVAN I- GOVERNMENT CONT.

• Helped Golden Horde to suppress revolt in Tver’ (1327)• Rewarded with coveted title of “Yarlyk”• Title kept by princes, but not w/o struggle• Gained position of chief financial agent of Golden

Horde

IVAN I- BORDERS

• Ivan and successors enlarged kingdom • Purchase• War• Trickery• Clever marriages• Plotted to win control of

small surrounding states• 1400’s- Moscow had

become strongest Russian state under Mongols

IVAN I- RELIGION

• Christian Orthodox• 1328- head of Russian

Orthodox Church made Moscow his residence

• Church- major ally of princes

• A number of churches were built where Ivan and his decedents were buried:

• 1326–1327 the Assumption Cathedral

IVAN I- RELIGION CONT.

• 1329 the Church of Ivan the Ladder• 1330 the Cathedral of the Saviour on the Borand • 1333 the Cathedral of Archangel Michael

IVAN I- NOTABLES

• Head of Russian Orthodox Church• made Moscow his

reidence• Alexander Vasilievich of Suzdal

• had to share title of great prince

• Predecessor- Yuri I • Successor- Simeon

I

IVAN I- TECHNOLOGY

• financed construction of stone churches in the Kremlin• New policies that increased Moscow’s power and

made it the richest principality in northeastern Russia

IVAN I- EVENTS

• 1325- succeeded brother as prince• 1327- helped Golden Horde stop revolt in Tver’• 1327- awarded Yarlyk• 1328- Began rule as “Great Prince”• 1328- head of Moscow Church made Moscow his

residence• 1331- Alexander Vasilievichdies, Ivan gains complete title of grand prince• 1341- ended rule• 1348- died

IVAN I- LEGACIES

• Residence on the Borovitsky hill became the main part of the city

• 1339-1340, Ivan Kalita erected a new, bigger oaken fortress on the Borovitsky hill

• In Ivan’s will “the golden cap”- mentioned for the first time

• Cap is identified with the well-known Monomakh’s crown, the main crown's of Russian sovereigns

IVAN I- ECONOMY/TRADE

•  tax collector of Mongols• Known as Ivan

“Moneybags”• used his treasures- • to purchase land in other

principalities •

• to finance construction of stone churches in the Kremlin

IVAN I- DECLINE

• Died while “Grand Prince” of Moscow• Only death stopped him• Died in 1340

IVAN III

• Under his 43 year reign (1462-1505) the Russian state became a true empire• Born in 1440• At age of 13, Constantinople

fell to Turks in 1453• 1472 Ivan married the niece

of the last Byzantine emperor• Began calling himself czar-

Russian for emperor

IVAN III: RELIGION

• In 1453, Constantinople fell to Turks • Leaders of Orthodox Church fled to Moscow• By doing so they brought religion to Moscow• Under Ivan the Great, Moscow flourished became

center of the Eastern Orthodox Church• Ivan first married when he was twelve

IVAN III- RELIGION CONT.

• First wife died, and Ivan later married a Byzantine princess, named Sophia. • This marriage was

supported by the Vatican, and the Vatican hoped it would bring Russia under the sway of the pope. • This failed to happen, but

Ivan seemed to think the marriage was still a good fit

IVAN III: GOVERNMENT

• After second marriage, Ivan developed an autocratic government built on Byzantine model • Began using title of czar and autocrat. • The two-headed eagle of Byzantium was added to

the coat of arms of Russia. • His present wife Sophia introduced Russia to

customs of the Byzantine court. Russia became known as “third Rome,” successor

to the might of the Byzantine Empireand Rome.

IVAN III: ECONOMY/TRADE

• Established new contacts with the west• Gave the government a military focus and achieved and

created an independent state• Restored the tradition of centralized rule claiming

supervision of Orthodox Churches- -this enhanced cultural and economical life -this also gave him more control over land leading to

economic advantages• Dispatched diplomatic missions, leading western states,

developing contacts

IVAN III: TECHNOLOGY

• Embarked on an aggressive program of Westernization in order to leap forward out of the previous Mongol backwardness• Studied shipbuilding and architecture• Technical military advancements resulted in

improved formations and weaponry• Took over the Novgorod chronicle and used it as a

propaganda tool for his regime

IVAN III: EVENTS

• Ivan became the grand duke of Russia without being confirmed by the Mongol Khan • Ivan the Great succeeded in freeing Russia from the control of the Mongols by refusing to pay the tribute demanded by the Mongols in 1480• Helped to stop Lithuanian expansion into Russia • 1453, Constantinople fell to the Turks • Under Ivan, a building program took place in Moscow that

saw new buildings erected in the Kremlin • Ivan the Great became Russia’s first national sovereign

IVAN III: NOTABLES

• Succeeded by his son, Vasily III

The Grand Dukes of Moscow- trying to overthrow the Mongols

Sophia, Ivan’s second wife brought religion, culture and are to Moscow.

IVAN III: BORDERS

• Ivan the Great also conquered nearby provinces and extended Russian borders in every direction. • Ivan helped to stop Lithuanian expansion into

Russia. • To prevent insurrection in annexed territories,

Ivan transplanted the old ruling classes and replaced them with loyal Russians. • He began to shift control out of the hands of the

aristocratic princes in Russia.

IVAN III: DECLINE

• By Ivan’s death in 1505 he had tripled the territory under Moscow’s control• Ruled to his death• Expanded Russian territory up until his death• Continued to make advancements until his death• Died of old age

IVAN III: LEGACIES

• Ivan III was the first czar and leader of a united Russian nation• Russians call him Ivan the Great• First to create one united Russian state

IVAN IV- RELIGION

• Russian Orthodox church• Christianity• St. Basil’s Cathedral was built under Ivan IV’s

reign to celebrate his victory over the Mongols.• Religion offered a means of political control to

Ivan’s government

IVAN IV- GOVERNMENT

• Ivan the Terrible crowned himself czar (emperor) when he was 16 years old, in 1547.

• Issued a code of laws in 1550. This code of laws was the revised version of the code of laws that was issued by his grandfather, Ivan III.

• The code of laws was called the Sudebnik. • Examples of reforms:• the arrest of a suspected person could be made at the

permission of the community only. The representative of a community (dyak) participated in judicial office-work.

• The town had right to self management and distribution of taxes.

• The right of peasants to leave their lords after two payments: the break away fee (pozhiloye) and the transportation fee (povoz).

IVAN IV- ECONOMY/ TRADE

• During Ivan’s childhood and after his death in 1584, there were struggles for power among Russia’s nobles, called boyars.

• Ivan the terrible wanted to increase trade with Europe, so he began a war (the Livonian War) :for access to the Baltic Sea.

• The financing for this war, because it was so lengthy, strained Russia’s economy.

• Despite valiant efforts, the Russians were defeated by Lithuanian, Polish, and Swedish armies.

• Because nothing was earned from that war because of their loss, Russia’s economy was left unstable.

IVAN IV- TECHNOLOGY

Technology Advancement Use/ what is it???

Bardiche Axe/ polearm

Boyar hat Fur hat worn by the boyars

Gulyay- gorod Covered wagon

Russian oven Oven/ stove

IVAN IV- EVENTS (TIMELINE)

• 1530- Ivan is born!• 1533- At age 3, Ivan comes to the throne as Grand Duke of

Moscow• 1538- Ivan’s mother dies supposedly of poison- boyars keep him

“prisoner” (bad clothes & food)• 1547- Ivan, 16 years old, had himself crowned czar.• 1550- Code of laws- Sudebnik• 1547-1560- Ivan’s “good period”: got married to Anastasia

Romanov, and had many victories against the Mongols• 1560- Anastasia dies and Ivan’s “bad period” begins: revenge

against boyars= oprichniki (police force)kill boyars harshly. • 1581- during a brawl, Ivan accidentally kills his older son (and

heir), leaving his younger, and more stupid son as heir to the throne.

• 1584- Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV) dies

IVAN IV- NOTABLES

• Even though Ivan IV had many accomplishments during his good period, he was better remembered for his bad period. • Ivan is also strongly remembered for killing his

son when they were having a heated argument. Ivan used to always carry around a pointed staff, and in the midst of their argument, he punctured his son’s head with the staff.

IVAN IV- BORDERS• Baltic Sea to the West• Siberia to the East• Mongolia to the South• Ural Mountains to the North

IVAN IV- DECLINE

• Ordered the murder of St. Philip of Moscow in 156.9• Pillaged and destroyed the city of Great Novgorod and

murdered hundreds of its citizens in 1570.• Wanted to abdicate when he accidentally killed his eldest

son Ivan.• Finally lost the battle for Livonia in 1582, where troops had

battled since 1560.• Lost the Baltic Seaboard during his reign and it was not

regained for 150 years.

IVAN IV- LEGACIES

• Destroyed the Mongols on the Volga River• Commissioned the building of St. Basil’s

Cathedral to celebrate his defeat of the Mongols.• Organized a code of laws in 1550.• Expanded Russian land to the east and southeast

and was first Russian czar to attack the Crimea.• Sent envoys to explore and colonize Siberia

CURRENT EVENT

Syrian troops ‘attack Damascus suburbs’• Summary: The article I chose was about the

Syrian troops opening fire on their own citizens. Most occurrences were happened after the UNSMIS left (UN Supervision Mission in Syria). At least 430 people were killed

ThemePeace and Security- because it involves terrorism when the troops opened fire on people from their own country

CURRENT EVENT

Relation to class• Ivan IV organized the oprichniki, who were

ordered to kill traitors, boyars, or anybody suspicious. Ivan IV is like the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, because they are both basically turning against their own country and throwing it into ruins.

Reaction• I was very appalled when I discovered this article

because I thought it was extremely odd how troops, people who are supposed to save citizens, were instead turning against and killing them.

WORKS CITED

• "Ivan, III." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.• "Ivan, III, The Great." Historic World Leaders.

Gale, 1994. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.• “World History Perspectives on the Past.

Evanston: A HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY, 1997. Print.

WORKS CITED

• DIMNIK, MARTIN. "Grand Prince of Vladimir and Moscow Ivan I." Encyclopedia of Russian History. Ed. James R. Millar. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012

• FROST, ROBERT I. "Northern Wars." Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. 296-299. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.

• “World History Perspectives on the Past. Evanston: A HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY, 1997. Print.

WORKS CITED

• "Ivan, IV." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.• "Ivan, IV (1530-1584)." Encyclopedia of World

Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale World History In Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.• http://www.nndb.com/people/933/000092657/• http://franklaughter.tripod.com/cgi-bin/histprof/misc/

ivan.html