Key PeopleBy Krysten Hinchee

Eugene Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union Unionized the Pullman Company -Strike began because of wage cuts and fired workers. -ARU stopped handling Pullman carsCriticized the Espionage Act Speech in Canton, Ohio; 1918 Arrested and sent to prison

Theodore Roosevelt

26th President William McKinley assassinatedMeat Inspection Act 1906 Banned preservatives that contained harmful chemicals.Pure Food and Drug Act Banned food and drugs with false labels from being soldBull Moose Party

Woodrow Wilson28th President: (1913-1921) Democratic PartyFederal Reserve Act Created Federal Reserve System Fixed banks from the recessionFederal Trade Commission Created to monitor businessesClayton Antitrust Act Banned tying agreements and price discrimination.Federal Farm Loan Act Created 12 Federal Land Banks to provide farmers with long-term loans at low interest ratesRevenue Act 1913Zimmermann Telegram

Booker T. Washington

Instructor at Hampton University in 1879Fought for African American educational rights instead of political rightsFirst Leader of the Tuskegee InstituteAtlanta Compromise Gave speech before whites about African American educational rightsFounded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881

W.E.B.DuBois

Grandson of Elizabeth FreemanFounded the NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleWriter of Souls of Black Folk 1903 Southern Whites continued to strip African Americans of their civil rights.Concerned with protecting and exercising voting rights

Jane Addams

Established settlement houses Middle class lived and helped poor residents, mostly immigrantsOpened Hull House in Chicago in 1889 Medical care, recreation programs, English classes, etc.

Susan B. Anthony

Suffrage Movement Women’s right to voteNational Woman Suffrage Association Elizabeth Cady StantonIllegally casted votes Anthony and 12 other women Arrested but not chargedHelped the International Council of Women19th Amendment Passed Women legally allowed to vote

Lucretia Mott

Seneca Falls Convention First women’s rights convention Elizabeth C. Stanton Wanted women to focus more on voting rightsSpoke about favoring abolitionism Prudence Crandall Wendell Phillips

Sacco & Vanzetti

Anarchists Opposed all forms of govnmentShot and killed two employees of Slater & Morrill CompanyFound guilty and sentenced to death

John L. Lewis

Led the United Mine Workers unionFormed the Committee of Industrial Org. Set out to organize industrial unions. Focused on automobiles and steel. United States Steel Corp. recognized the UAW and became successful.UAW United Auto Workers Most powerful union in the U.S.

Langston Hughes

Wrote about the Harlem Renaissance Became a leading voice of African American experience in the U.S.“Poet of the Laureate of Harlem”

HitlerGerman dictator Hated Jews Couldn’t be controlled by anyoneNazi Party Largest party in Reichstag by 1932 Nationalistic and anticommunist Didn’t represent working classMein Kampf (“My Struggle”) His own autobiographyHolocaust Killed JewsAustrian Anschluss Wanted to control all Austria and Czechoslovakia. Threatened to send troops to Austria; Hitler had unification.Appeasement policyCzechoslovakia Broke up country- Slovakia and Czech Hitler got the Czech land

Mussolini

Italian dictator Quickly destroyed democracy and set up dictatorship. Wanted to bring back the glory of the Roman Empire Founded Fascist Party Believed a nation could be great by expanding its territory and building up its military.Il Duce -“The Leader” Bringing order to Italy

Tojo

Prime Minister of JapanExpanded the war with China Invaded French Indochina U.S. imposed a total embargo on oil and gasoline exportsBattle of Midway Turning point for Japan

Hirohito

Emperor of JapanWW2 Bombed Pearl Harbor Invasion of China and Manchuria Formed the Axis PowersBataan attack

Chiang Kai-Shek

Political and military leader of China Attacked Shanghai and bombarded NanjingCairo Conference Roosevelt and Churchill compromisingPresident of TaiwanMade China Allied Power

Mao Zedong

National Committee of the Communist Party of China In Shanghai Elected one of five commissars of Central CommitteeBuilt his own army Guerilla warfare and Mobile warfare

Stalin Russian dictatorYalta Conference Agreed that the government would include members of the prewar Polish government and that free elections would be help ASAP.Potsdam Conference Him and his advisors needed reparations from Germany Accepted Truman’s deal of atomic bomb testing and keeping reparations limited to keep Soviets weak. Intensified hatred with Russia and U.S.Berlin Airlift Blockaded Berlin; defeated.Korean War Supplied weaponsTruman Doctrine Turned to Turkey and demanded joint control of the Dardenelles. Dean Acheson warned Truman to take action

FDR Senate and Governor of N.Y.Pearl Harbor attackedThe New Deal Brought the economy out of the depression Civilian Conservation Corp. Hired 250,000 unemployed young men to work on rural local projects. Agricultural Adjustment Admin. Tried to force higher prices for commodities by paying farmers to take land out of crops and to cut herds. National Industrial Recovery Act Forced industries to come up with codes that established rules of operation within specific industries, such as minimum prices and production restrictions.Second New Deal Works Progress Admin. Set up a national relief agency that employed two million family heads Social Security Act Promised economic security for the elderly, the poor and the sick Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) Federal rights of workers to organize unions, to engage in collective bargaining and to take part in strikes

Winston ChurchillBritain prime ministerDestroyers for Bases Asked Roosevelt to transfer old destroyers to Britain, helping them.Atlantic Charter Met with Roosevelt Agreed on postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of seas. Invasion of Morocco and AlgeriaCasablanca Conference Met with Roosevelt and agreed to step up the bombing of GermanyYalta Conference Agreed with FDR to recognize the Polish government set up by Soviets.Dividing Germany 4 zones controlled by France, G.Britain, U.S., and Soviets.

Harry Truman33rd President of U.S.Manhattan Project testing of first atomic bombPotsdam Conference Told Stalin about bomb testingTruman Doctrine Containment policyMarshall Plan Postwar aid to Germany to help rebuild economyNational Security Act 1947 Created Air Force CIA and the National Security Council Department of War, Defense, and NavyFair Deal New Deal and Truman’s Acts put together Taft-Hartley Act Labor UnionsBerlin Airlift Sent supplies in planes to blockade until Soviets surrendered

Douglas McArthurPhilippines Set up reconcentration camps to separate guerrillas from civilians Wanted to invade and retake Philippines Fall of Philippines Wanted to retreat the Bataan Peninsula Bataan Death MarchInvasion of Guadalcanal August 1942-1944 Captured enough islands to surround main Japanese base. Captured base, Hollandia. Battle of Leyte Gulf Largest naval battle First kamikaze attackMission: introduce democracy to Japan and keep them from threatening war.Sent troops to Korea PeninsulaFired by Truman

Alger Hiss

Lawyer and diplomat of Roosevelt’s administration.Whittaker Chambers claimed Hiss gave him secret documents from the State Department. Hiss denied it Chambers printed documents.Hiss convicted of perjury

Ethel & Julius Rosenburg

Sent information to Soviet Union in 1950Charged with heading a Soviet spy ringExecuted in June 1953

Joseph McCarthyAccused M. La Follette, Jr. of being “communistically inclined.” Became Senator of U.S.Thought Communists were a danger to both at home and abroad. Accused a wide number of former famous people of disloyalty.McCarren Act Communists couldn’t get passports to travel abroad.McCarthyism Arresting disloyalty membersThought spies were in U.S. Army T.V. investigations; very cruel. Started loosing support of peopleSenate passed a censure vote on him.

Martin L. King Jr.

Gandhi influenced King on nonviolent movements.Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks and Claudette Colvin arrested for not giving their seat up to white.Albany MovementBirmingham Campaign Wanted to end city’s segregated civil and discriminatory economic policies Series of “sit-ins” March on Washington King gave “I Have A Dream” speech. Whites and blacks there

Malcolm X

Powerful and charismatic speakerNation of Islam Preached black nationalism Believed African Americans should separate themselves from whites and form their own communitiesBlack Panthers influenced by his ideas

Fidel Castro

Allied himself with SovietsPlanning nuclear attackBay of Pigs Overthrown the dictator of Cuba. Castro’s forced killed almost all of La Brigada’s members.Failed attempt to overthrow Castro

John F. Kennedy35th president of the U.S.Appointed a woman to his cabinetAssassinated in 1963Bay of Pigs Attempt to overthrow CastroCuban Missile Crisis Ordered a Naval blockade to stop missiles from being delivered. Agreed to not invade China and privately agreed to removing Turkish missiles.New Frontier Increase aid to education, provide health insurance to elderly, create Dep. Of Urban Affairs, and help migrant workers.Vietnam Increased military sentTest Ban Treaty Prohibited bomb testing on grounds, atmosphere, and underwater

Richard Nixon37th president of the U.S.Vietnam War Approved of secret bombing campaign in CambodiaLooked into ending military draftEconomy: Inflation deficit spendingEqual Rights AmendmentTitle IX Prohibiting gender discrimination in all federally funded schoolsEqual Employment Opportunity Act Roe vs. Wade Prohibiting abortion of first 3 monthsNeil Armstrong went to moonAnti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles.Watergate Scandal

Ronald Reagan40th president of the U.S.Assassination attempt in first termReaganomics support small business lower taxes deregulation“Just Say NO to Drugs!”Challenger blows upImmigration Reform & Control Act illegal to knowingly hire or recruit illegal immigrants, required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status, and granted amnesty to approximately 3 million illegal immigrants who entered the United States prior to January 1, 1982, and had lived in the country continuously.

Mikhail Gorbachev

New leader of Soviet UnionBelieved S.U. had to reform its economic system or it would collapseIntermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty Destruction of nuclear weapons Reagan and Gorbachev couldn’t agree on anything