BY KARLA DEHAROCRISTAL MARTINEZMAXIMILIANO NINO

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMBrain and spinal cordSend/receive information along with PNS

CNS CHARACTERISTICSEncased in bone, surrounded by

cerebrospinal fluidBrain receives/sends information

Encased in craniumSpinal cord made up of spinal nerves

nerve impulses & spinal reflexesEncased in vertebra

TYPES OF TISSUE IN CNSWhite matter

Myelinated nerve fibers & nerve tractsGray matter

Interneurons that pass information to skeletal muscle

PNS CHARACTERISTICSSensory and somatic nervous cellsSends and receives information from CNSConsists of the nerves and ganglia outside

the brain and spinal cord

Autonomic Nervous SystemPart of the PNSLocated in medulla oblangataControl visceral functionsThree parts

Parasympathetic NSSympathetic NSIntrinsic NS

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEMMotor and sensory informationVoluntary control of body movement

Skeletal muscle

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTINUED…Involuntary body functionsSympathetic & parasympathetic systems

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar Division)

Parasympathetic (Craniosacral Division)

Prepares the body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations.

Increases Heart and Breathing Rates

Responsible for vasomotor tone

More active under ordinary and restful situations

Restores the body to resting state

Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic (Organs) Sympathetic Parasympathetic

EyesHeartLungsBlood VesselsSweat GlandsDigestive TractKidney

Cardiac Muscle (Frequency of contraction)

Digestive System (Salivary Glands)

Respiratory System: (Blood Vessels, Lymphatic Vessels, and Nerves)

SympatheticPreganglionic fibers Secrete acetylcholine (adrenergic)Originate from neurons within the lateral

horn of spinal cordWhat is Ganglia?:

Sympathetic chain ganglia:(Paravertebral ganglia or Lateral Ganglia) lies on both sides of the vertebral column

Collateral ganglia: (Prevertebral ganglia) anterior to vertebral column

Sympathetic Continued….Postganglionic FibersExtend sympathetic ganglia to visceral

Postganglionic Axons

What is Rami? Rami: (Ramus)

Def: A branch, as of nerve, vein, artery

Symapthetic Division (consists 2)

White Rami:(preganglionic) nerve branch between symapthetic ganglion and spinal nerve

Gray Rami: (postganglionic) connects sympathetic trunk and consists postganglionic fibers

ParasympatheticIncludes Parasympathetic FibersPregangolic Fibers (Long)Secrete acetylcholine (cholinergic)Arise from Neurons

Terminal Ganglia

Parasympathetic Continued….Postgangolic Fibers (Short)Continue from ganglia to specific muscles

or glandsUnmyelinatedNeurotransmitters combine receptors

Neurotransmitters / Receptors (Sympathetic vs.

Parasympathetic)

Sympathetic:Norepinephrine :travels

across the synaptic cleftAdrenergic (receptor)

Alpha 1&2Beta 1&2

Epinephrine: stimulatesParasympathetic:Acetylcholine (ACh) :

 Cholinergic (receptor)NicotinicMuscarinic

REFLEX ARCSPathways for impulses

Autonomic Nervous System operates through reflex arcs.

Visceral Sensory System.Gives sensory input to ANS.Visceral sensory neurons.

monitor temperature, pain, irritation, chemical changes, and stretch in the visceral organs.

VISCERAL REFLEX ARCSVisceral sensory

and Autonomic neurons

spinal reflexes.Some involve

peripheral neurons: spinal cord not involved.

adjust the activity of a visceral effector, often unconsciously.

TerminationTerminating actions of autonomic

neurotransmitters Acetylcholinesterase (parasympathetic) Norepinephrine (Sympathetic)

●Enzyme monoamine oxidase inactivates noreoinephrine

WORKS CITED "What Is the Autonomic Nervous System?" About.com

Psychology. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.<http://psychology.about.com/od/aindex/g/autonomic-nervous- system.htm>

"Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy ." Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar.

2014. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948687-overview>

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. O.W. Henson, Jr., Ph.D., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. <http://www.csus.edu/indiv/l/lancasterw/bio122/supplementary%20materials/autonomic%20synopsis.htm>.

Hole, John W., Jr. Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007. Print.

Inkling.com. N.p., 2009. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <https://www.inkling.com/read/medical-sciences-naish-revest-syndercombe-1st/chapter-4/neurotransmitters-and-

receptors>.