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BY JOSEPH POULSHOCK, PHD
THE INPUT REVOLUTION
▸ Key Questions for self-quizzing before and after.
▸ What is the input hypothesis? Define it.
▸ Who popularized the input hypothesis?
▸ What short notation did he use for the hypothesis?
▸ How can teachers and learners use the input hypothesis? He’d have a theory.
How would a genius research language learning?
What's your theory?"We acquire languages by understanding messages."
Dr. Stephen Krashen
"We acquire languages by
understanding messages."
We like messages• “I tell you when I was a kid I got no
respect at all, you know. They always made me take the family picture. That way I wouldn’t be in it.”
• “My old man, (father) he didn’t help either. He kept taking me to the zoo. He said he was hoping that my real parents would claim me.
• Why did people laugh at his jokes?
• We enjoy jokes (messages). Rodney Dangerfield -- Image Wikipedia
The Input Hypothesis
• We enjoy messages.
• This connects to the most important question in language education.
• How do humans acquire languages? Krashen’s answer:
• We acquire languages by understanding messages.
The Input Hypothesis
• Krashen defines the Input Hypothesis as i+1.
• Think of it in terms of the Natural Order. We learn rules in order.
• When you are ready, you’ll acquire rules by understanding messages.
The Input Hypothesis• Evidence
• You acquire more the more you live abroad.
• When students receive more comprehensible input than in traditional classes, they acquire more.
• You can acquire a language without formal study.
• Grammar is too complex to be consciously learned.
• The success of extensive reading supports the input hypothesis.
Mr. Tanaka image
"Impressive gains on the TOEIC after one year of comprehensible input, with no output or grammar study" -- by Beniko Mason
Hours
TOEIC
Jul 08 Jan 09
Jan 09Read easy stories
Penguin Graded Readers are Great!
Hours
TOEIC
Jan 09
Jan 10
Jan 10
Read easy stories
Penguin Graded Readers are Great! 0.73Points Per Hour180
3xfasterMr. Tanaka vs. University Students
247 Hours 500 Hours
Dr. Stephen Krashen
"We acquire languages by
understanding messages."
What are your theories?
• What theories will you use for teaching and learning language?
• How can you use the Input Hypothesis for teaching?
• Can you think of specific techniques that use the input hypothesis?
