By Jessica Nienberg The Interior of the Earth The Interior of the Earth *Grade 8 *Earth Science *ODE...
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By Jessica Nienberg The Interior of the Earth
By Jessica Nienberg The Interior of the Earth The Interior of the Earth *Grade 8 *Earth Science *ODE Standards/ Content Statement: “The composition and
The Interior of the Earth *Grade 8 *Earth Science *ODE
Standards/ Content Statement: The composition and properties of
Earths interior are identified by the behavior of seismic waves.
*Students will collaborate with one another in groups of 3 to
create a presentation describing the contents of the Earths
interior, how these findings were discovered, and how the interior
effects the exterior.
Seismic Waves Earthquake releases seismic waves Used to obtain
information about the interior of the Earth Body Waves-waves that
only travel only through Earths interior Primary (Compressional)
Secondary (Shear) Surface Waves- travel across exterior
Slide 6
Seismic Reflection A method used to return energy to Earths
surface after the waves bounce off underlying rock boundary
Slide 7
Seismic Refraction The bending of seismic waves as they pass
between different types of materials
Slide 8
Seismogram: Recording of each type of wave Seismograph: The
instrument that detects seismic waves
Slide 9
The Crust The Mantle The Outer Core The Inner Core The 4 Layers
of the Earth
Slide 10
Continental Crust The layer of Earth found beneath the
continents Made of less dense rock Thickness varies Ranges between
10- 75 kilometers Older than oceanic crust
Slide 11
Oceanic Crust Found beneath ocean floor Made of dense rock 4
miles thick Heavier than continental crust Causes sinking, which
leads to subduction Occurs when oceanic crust sinks beneath
continental crust (shown on right)
Slide 12
Mantle Largest layer of the Earth 1800 miles thick! Made up of
very hot, dense rock Movement occurs in this layer; materials flow
Convection currents Convection currents Convection currents Reason
for plate movement Huge temperature differences: Top is 1600
degrees F Bottom is 4000 degrees F Asthenosphere- the upper part of
the mantle Hot Rock flow
Slide 13
Outer Core Liquid melted iron and nickel 1400 miles thick Very
HOT: 4000-9000 degrees F. Responsible for the magnetic field that
protects Earth
Slide 14
Inner Core Solid ball of iron and nickel A lot of pressure
causes these elements to be pushed together. Hot 9000 degrees F 800
miles thick - smallest layer
Slide 15
Plate Tectonics Theory developed in the 1960s Explains movement
of the Earths plates in the lithosphere-crust and uppermost mantle
Move 2-10 cm per year Convergent Boundaries-plate collide Divergent
Boundaries-plates move apart Transform Boundaries-plates slide past
one another
Slide 16
Earthquakes Occur when the tectonic plates move past one
another or bump into each other Energy is stored up along these
plates, causing tension When tension and energy reach climax, the
plates snapEARTHQUAKE Releases seismic waves
Slide 17
Volcanoes A lot of pressure builds up in the mantle. This and
high temperatures can cause the surrounding rock to melt and turn
into magma. Built up magma travels through rock layers. Released
through the surface as lava Usually form along tectonic plate
boundaries
Slide 18
Mountains Can be formed in a variety of ways: Tectonic plate
crash into one another When a fault overlaps another rock, pushing
up surface. Magma stored up pushes the crust upward will eventually
erupt
Individual work Create a full page newspaper article using as
many of the terms provided as possible. Highlight terms. Show that
you understand the terms by what you put in the article Be
creative. Minimum of two images/diagrams. Organization Cite
resources on back of paper Have fun! DUE DATE: Monday, March 31
Newspaper Article Project
Slide 21
Directions: Click on this link. Read through the different
topics about the interior of the earth. This will be good review of
this PowerPoint. After doing that, click on the Questions tab and
answer the four questions. You can either print them out or write
them on a sheet of paper and turn them in to me with your newspaper
articles.
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_lay
ers/Earths_layers1.html
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_lay
ers/Earths_layers1.html Hyperlinked Assignment