UNIT 3- Answer Key PROGRESSIVE ERA

1890-1920

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NAME______________________________________ PERIOD________Miss Springborn, 8th grade Social Studies 2014-2015

PROGRESSIVE ERA VOCABULARYPage | 1

A vote is like a rifle; its

usefulness depends upon the character of the user.

1.)PROGRESSIVE: person who fought for reform during the Progressive Era2.)MUCKRAKER : someone who “raked up muck (dirt)” on politicians, industry, and other problems of the cities to expose them to the American public.3.)MEAT INSPECTION ACT : required government regulation of the meat packing industry4.)PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT: 1906 – law that required food & drug manufacturers to list all ingredients on their packages5.)HULL HOUSE : Settlement house that offered services & help to women & the poor; gave educational training, helped find jobs, provided babysitting, etc.6.)PLESSY V. FERGUSON : 1896 - ruling of the Supreme Court that stated: segregation is legal as long as facilities are “separate but equal”7.)DIRECT PRIMARY (PRIMARY): party members choose their party’s candidate for office ex. the Democrats vote for their presidential nominee8.)17 TH AMENDMENT : 1913 - Direct Election of Senators; the public votes for their state’s Senators, not state legislatures 9.)RECALL: allowed voters to remove an elected official from office10.)INITIATIVE: citizens can propose a new law by getting enough people to sign a petition supporting it.11.)REFERENDUM : gave voters the power to make a bill become a law by voting yes or no on it12.)16 TH AMENDMENT : 1913 -gave the government the right to tax people’s income; more you make, more you’re taxed 13.)SUFFRAGE : the right to vote14.)19 TH AMENDMENT : 1920 - women’s suffrage – women got the right to vote15.)CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT : strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated antitrust laws could not be used against unions.

As the Civil War ended, increased immigrants caused American cities to grow. As cities grew new problems arose. Reformers swung into action in areas such as city government, politics, public schools, and the workplace. African Americans, American Indians, immigrants, and women also called for reforms.

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) ofPage | 2

the main ideas of each section

The Gilded Age:

Many people refer to the time period at the end of the 1800’s to the

early 1900’s as the Gilded Age. This nickname came from Mark Twain,

a famous author, who said from a distance American society looked

golden but when you looked up close it was actually “gilded” (coated

with cheap gold paint).

The Progressive Movement:

Reformers in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s were knows as

Progressives

They worked to solve problems such as crime, disease, and poverty

Many areas were targeted for reform such as health and education,

poor living conditions, unsafe working conditions, social unjust,

government corruption, child labor, racial discrimination, corrupt

monopolies, tenements and more!

Reformers received help from Muckrakers, journalists that helped “dig up dirt” on the problems

The First Progressive Progressive President:

1. Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy)- took office after William

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McKinley was shot and killed in 1901.

Believed in being an active president.

He pushed for the Square Deal, where everyone’s

(businessmen, workers, and consumers) rights should be

balanced for the public good.

Got involved in several progressive issues including cleaning

up the meat-packing industry thanks to Upton Sinclair’s book

The Jungle. Because of this he pushes the Pure Food and Drug

Act of 1906. This regulates the manufacture, sale, and

transportation of all food and drugs distributed in the United

States.

Also passed was the Meat Inspection act specifically

addressing Sinclair’s book.

Roosevelt also gets Congress to regulate railroad shipping

costs, this helping the small farmers.

He also becomes a big supporter of the conservation

movement that worked to protect our natural resources and

sets up many sites as protect federal lands. This today is

known as our National Parks System, for example the Grand

Canyon, Yosemite, Niagara Falls, Badlands in South Dakota,

Florida Everglades, etc… In total 150 million acres of public

land set aside and protected

CHANGES IN BIG BUSINESS and THE GOVERNMENTTeddy Roosevelt the Trustbuster

The CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT was passed to prevent the formation of trusts and monopolies.

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Document 1 and 2:

http://www.blogforarizona.com/.a/ 6a00d8341bf80c53ef0133ecbb5773970b-500wi

In Document #1, what is the Teddy Roosevelt character doing to the man in the picture?ROOSEVELT IS TRYING TO TIGHTED CONTROL OVER THE MANS “WAIST”, CAUSING MONEY TO EXIT THE MAN (MAKING THE TRUST GIVE UP SOME WEALTH)

In Document 2, who is Teddy Roosevelt wrestling with? ROOSEVELT IS WRESTLING WITH THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY

During this time period Teddy Roosevelt was given the nickname of the “Trustbuster”. According to these cartoons, why was he given this nickname?

ROOSEVELT WAS TRYING TO STOP TRUSTS (MONOPOLIES) FROM BECOMING TOO POWERFUL TO MAKE IT FAIR FOR CONSUMERS

Problem: The Tenement Houses and Living Conditions

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each sectionProblem: The living conditions in the cities and tenement house were unlivable

This effected the poor, the immigrants, and Page | 5

http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/images/trrr.gif

many children

Fixing the problems in the city:

There were many causes of the

problems in the urban (city) society

City problems were caused by things

like urbanization, growth of the middle class, bad working

conditions in factories, scandals about political corruption,

rise of powerful corporations (monopolies), and increase in

immigration

New jobs/profession emerge to help the cities: jobs like city

planners and civil engineers

These new planners will pass zoning laws,

building-safety codes, create public parks,

create proper waste disposal system

(sewers), create safe water system, and

created street paving and proper bridge

building projects.

Education Reform:

Many states start to pass laws requiring children to attend

school

Push towards opening of High Schools for upper education

Courses in citizenship, health, and job training were

developed

Kindergartens are opened for the first time

specifically to help the children of the poor and

working class learn basic skills

John Dewey, an important reforming in education, created

new models for teaching children that are still used today

Helped to create the American Medical Association (AMA) to

help regulate the education of doctors and nurses and to

spread the new scientific knowledge that was being learned

about diseases and treatments

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Some of the Muckrackers involved in this problem included:

Jacob Riis- Published the book How the Other Half Lives

Jane Addams- Opened Hull House and helped poor women and immigrants in the city

Lincoln Steffens- Editor of McLure’s magazine and published a book about the shame of the cities pushing for reform of the city governments

Document 3:

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Source for both pictures:

Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890.

DOCUMENT 4:

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Based on your answers from the previous unit and the pictures on the left, explain why Jacob Riis chose to expose the living conditions in tenements and ghettos in his book, How the Other Half Lives.

Living conditions were

deplorable (as seen in the pictures)

Disease was wide- spread

People lived in severe poverty

Sanitation was very bad

Rodents helped with the spread of disease

Water was tainted Large families

lived in one-room apartments

Multiple families shared bathrooms

The tenements were not kept in good shape by the owners

Rent was high

HULL HOUSE

Reformers of the Progressive Era- Not all reformers were muckrakers. Some people

Jane Addams wanted to help people who lived in slums like these.Source: Frances Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University.

Directions: In the right hand column, draw ONE PICTURE and WRITE ONE MAIN IDEA (the most important idea) in each paragraph.

In the 1880’s Jane Addams traveled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a settlement house called Toynbee Hall. Settlement houses were created to provide community services to ease urban problems such as poverty. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1889. Many who lived there were immigrants from countries such as Italy, Russia, Poland, Germany, Ireland, and Greece. For these working poor, Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses to treat the sick. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, music, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work.

SETTLEMENT HOUSES WERE SET

UP TO PROVIDE COMMUNITY

SERVICES TO EASE URBAN PROBLEMS;

HULL HOUSE PROVIDED DAY CARE, SOUP KITCHEN, NURSES FOR THE ILL, MEETING PLACE FOR UNIONS, EDUCATION

Jane Addams, who had become a popular national figure, sought to help others outside Hull House as well. She and other Hull House residents often “lobbied” city and state governments. When they lobbied, they contacted public officials and legislators and urged them to pass certain laws and take other actions to benefit a community. For example, Addams and her friends lobbied for the construction of playgrounds, the setup of kindergartens throughout

JANE ADDAMS AND RESIDENTS OF HULL HOUSE LOBBIED POLITICAL OFFICIALS TO URGE LAWS TO BE PASSED TO BENEFIT THE

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Reformers of the Progressive Era- Not all reformers were muckrakers. Some people

Chicago, legislation to make factory work safer, child labor laws, and enforcement of anti-drug laws.

COMMUNITY

Addams believed in an individual’s obligation to help his or her community, but she also thought the government could help make Americans’ lives safer and healthier. In this way, Addams and many other Americans in the 1890’s and 1900’s were part of the Progressive movement. For a while, they even had a political party. When Theodore Roosevelt ran for president for the Progressive Party in 1912, Jane Addams publicly supported him at the party convention.

JANE ADDAMS AND OTHERS LIKE HER WERE PART OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT; TEDDY ROOSEVELT RAN AS THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT IN 1912

Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not vote. Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage (women’s right to vote). She was a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Addams was also a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

JANE ADDAMS ALSO WORKED FOR OTHER CAUSES LIKE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE, AND FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

What issue did Jane Addams tackle and why?POVERTY, TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS IN CITIES, LIVES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, HELPING IMMIGRANTS

Was Jane Addams a muckraker? Why or why not?NO, SHE WORKED TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS, NOT EXPOSE THEM, SHE WORKED ON A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM BUT IN HER OWN WAY SHE DREW ATTENTION TO IT

Problem: Corruption in Government:

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each sectionCorruption in Politics:

Powerful organization called

political machines influenced

city and county politics

They used both legal and illegal

ways to get candidates elected to

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office

They would bribe voters, election officials, get only one candidate

listed on the ballot, paid for votes, and even hire the people who

counted the votes to make sure it turned out the way they wanted

Political machines where run by powerful bosses

Bosses traded favors for votes

Most bosses got support from new immigrants who needed more

help to get by

One of the most famous political bosses:

William Marcy Tweed of New York City

reportedly stole as much as $200 million

from the City Treasury during his time in

power

Even the federal government was corrupt: especially the

administration of Ulysses S. Grant. Many of his officials were

arrested in plots to avoid paying taxes and went to jail

How do we solve Political Corruption?

The nation passes Civil Service Reform

Civil Service is the term used to describe government jobs… for

example: police, fireman, state troopers, IRS workers, and all other

government jobs are considered to be Civil Service Jobs

This was supposed to help put the most qualified candidates in the

job

You had to take a test about your test and show certain skills

People were then ranked (highest to lowest) based on their test

scores and would get picked for job openings that way

This was to prevent unqualified and corrupt officials from getting

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government jobs

The law passed in 1883 was called the Pendleton Civil Service Act

and set up a merit system controlled by the Civil Service

Commission. Today it covers almost 90% of all government jobs

Due to corruption in the government, Wisconsin governor Robert Lafollette developed ideas to give _VOTERS__ more power. He believed that if __PEOPLE__ had more power, ___CORRUPTION_____ in the government would go down. The ideas he proposed were ___RECALL_, so that elected representatives could be removed from office; ___PRIMARIES__ to ensure that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses; ___REFERENDUM____ allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed and _____INITIATIVE_____ allows voters to propose a bill to state legislatures

Some of the Solutions to these problems:

Solving Corruption in Politics: Goal was to Expand Democracy: to help stop

the political corruption we start to expand the

right to vote and the power of the people

We create more of a direct primary system where the people vote

on who will be the candidates for political office

The 17 th Amendment is passed in 1913 and allows for the first

time Americans the right to vote directly for their Senators in

Congress (remember there are 2 senators from every state)

Voters also were given the right to call for action on many political

issues:

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Recall: Voters can now sign a petition asking for a special vote

on an elected official. This allows them to remove elected officials

if they are not happy with them

Ex: The governor of Wisconsin recently had a recall vote on his term because many were unhappy with some of his more recent decisions, he won his recall vote and is still in power today

Initiative: this allows voters to propose a new law by getting

signatures on a petition

Ex: Many states recently voted on issues in the last election under initiative vote, such as the legalization of medical marijuana and in California many citizens wanted change what information was on food labels to include anything genetically altered

Referendum: allows voters to sign a petition to vote on a law

already in place

Ex: Puerto Rico ( a US Territory) recently voted in a referendum to change their relationship with the United States and instead of remaining just a territory to try and work towards becoming our 51st state

Reforming City and State Governments:

Create a new system of government that runs more like a

business model

Had a city council that was elected by the people and they

choose a manager to help run the city

Robert LaFollette developed the Wisconsin Idea and pushes for

changes such as tax reform, direct primaries, and more power to

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the people to elect their officials

Document 5:In July 1871, The New York Times ran a series of news stories exposing massive corruption by members of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine in New York City run by William "Boss" Tweed.  The Times had obtained evidence that the Tweed Ring had stolen the public's money in the form of inflated payments to government contractors, kickbacks to government officials, extortion, and other illegal activities. The estimated sum stolen was set at $6 million, but is today thought to have been between $30 and $200 million.

Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was one of the most talented cartoonists of the Nineteenth Century.  Starting in 1869, he began a series of cartoons in Harper's Weekly magazine attacking the Tammany Hall political machine.  Harper’s Weekly and other newspapers soon joined the New York Times in exposing the scandals. Nast had been assailing the Tweed Ring for years through his creative and powerful images, but intensified his assault in the summer and fall of 1871.  Boss Tweed reportedly exclaimed, “I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles; my constituents don’t know how to read, but they can’t help seeing them damned pictures!" 

In fact, the Tweed Ring tried to bribe Nast into taking a European vacation, which the artist refused.  "Tommy, if you will take a trip to Europe for a year, you can have your expenses paid, and a new house will be built ready for your return, without your paying a cent for it."

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Source: The New York Times August 19, 1871

Answer the questions based on the reading and the political cartoon.

1) What is the source of the cartoon?

THE NEW YORK TIMES

2) What is the caption of the cartoon?

WHO STOLE THE PEOPLE’S MONEY? DO TELL. ‘TWAS HIM

3) What are the people doing?

POINTING AT EACH OTHER, BLAMING EACH OTHER FOR STEALING THE MONEY

4) What is the “Tammany Ring” referring to?

TAMMANY HALL POLITICAL MACHINE OF NEW YORK CITY

5) What is the message of the cartoon?

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TAMMANY HALL AND BOSS TWEED STOLE MONEY FROM THE PUBLIC AND NONE OF THEM WILL TAKE THE BLAME

6) Why did Thomas Nast choose to expose Boss Tweed to the American public?

HE WAS SICK AND TIRED OF THE ILLEGAL DEALINGS THAT WERE GOING ON IN NYC. HE ALSO WANTED TO HELP SAVE THE CITY FROM CORRUPTION.

7) Why was Thomas Nast more successful in exposing Boss Tweed with his cartoons than an author who wrote a book?

NOT EVERYONE COULD READ (THEY DIDN’T GO TO SCHOOL), BUT THEY COULD LOOK AT A CARTOON AND FIGURE OUT WHAT IT WAS SAYING.

Problem: Working Condition in the workplace and Child Labor

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each sectionReforming the Workplace:

Child Labor Reform

Because of extremely low wages in

the workplace many families sent

their children to work to help the family get by

About 1.75 million children under age 15 worked in mines,

mills, and factories in 1900

Reformers helped create the National Child Labor Committee

to investigate child labor and eventually pass laws

Federal government will pass laws in 1916 and 1919 but had

some trouble keeping those laws intact from court challenges

Safety in the Workplace: Many pushed for higher wages and fewer working hours

Many states will pass minimum wage laws and maximum

working hours

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Tragic Accidents bring attention to workplace safety

In 1900 alone, 35,000 people were killed by industrial

accidents. Another 500,000 were injured on the job

In 1911, the tragic and shocking fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist

Company in New York City caused

anger and outrage

A fire broke out when over 500

mostly immigrant women and

children were preparing to leave

for the day

The exit doors on the 10 th floor of the building were locked and

over 146 workers died from the fire, some jumping to their

deaths to escape the smoke and heat

Because of this shocking case and others like it, reformers

called for more workplace safety and greater laws regulating

working conditions

TRUE STORY: MODERN DAY TRAGEDY!! Sadly, cases like this

still happened in developing countries today around the world.

On November 24th, 2012, 118 workers died at a garment factory

in Bangladesh when a fire broke out and workers could not get

through the narrow escape exits stairwells fast enough. These

workers were also on a higher floor and many jumped to their

death as well. Many poorer countries in this region have

experience fires and other industrial accidents in recent years

just like this. Many countries are years behind the United States

in fixing this problem. Cases like this is why all building have fire

codes in buildings, well lit and labeled emergency exits, why we

practice fire drills, and have emergency systems such as 911 in

place today.

The Courts and the Workplace:

Many businesses sued in court over these new

regulations saying it was not fair and that the

government shouldn’t be interfering in their business

Some laws were gotten rid of by the courts: For example in

New York State there was law limiting bakers to a 10 hour Page | 17

work day but the Supreme Court ruled that the state could not

limit businesses to only a 10 hour work day and workers could

sign an agreement to work a longer day if they wanted

Other laws were kept by the courts: For example in the case of

Muller vs. Oregon in 1908, the Court ruled that you could limit

women’s working hours for health and safety reasons

Many of these issues were decided state by state

Rise of Labor Organizations:

Unions fought for better working

conditions

Workers began to unite together to

demand shorter working hours, higher

wages, and safety on the job

In 1903, the Women’s Trade Union League became the first all

women’s union to demand better working conditions for

females

One of the most powerful unions was the American Federation

of Labor (AFL) whose leader Samuel Gompers argued for safer

working conditions, higher pay, and right of the worker to

organize

END OF CHILD LABORA photographer by the name of LEWIS HINE took photos of kids working adult jobs. His goal was to expose the very serious problem of CHILD LABOR. He was successful and many different CHILD LABOR LAWS were passed.

OTHER CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE

During INDUSTRIALIZATION a lot of problems began in the factories. CONDITIONS were horrible and workers were paid LOW wages for long HOURS . Workers decided to unite and form

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LABOR UNIONS and go on STRIKE for better conditions, wages, and hours. They, after a really long fight, were finally successful.

Some wage laws were passed which stated a MINIMUM wage that must be paid by employers.

Workman’s COMPENSATION insurance was established which gave workers hurt on the job a cushion.

SAFETY LAWS were passed to ensure worker safety on the job.

DOCUMENT 6: TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRETHE FOLLOWING EXCERPT COMES FROM THE MARCH 26, 1911 ISSUE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES.

141 MEN & GIRLS DIE IN WAIST FACTORY FIRE; TRAPPED HIGH UP IN WASHINGTON PLACE BUILDING; STREET STREWN WITH BODIES; PILES OF DEAD INSIDE

Three stories of a ten-floor building at the corner of Greene Street and Washington Place were burned yesterday, and while the fire was going on, 141 young men and women, at least 125 of them were mere girls, were burned to death or killed by jumping to the pavement below.

The building was fireproof. It shows now hardly any signs of the disaster that overtook it. The walls are as good as ever; so are the floors; nothing is the worse for the fire except the furniture and the 141 of the 600 men and girls that were employed in the upper three stories.

Most of the victims were suffocated or burned to death within the building, but some who fought their way to the window and leaped met death as surely, but perhaps more quickly, on the pavements below. At 4:40, nearly five hours after the employees in the rest of the building had gone home, the fire broke out. The one little fire escape in the interior was never resorted to by any of the doomed victims. Some of them escaped by running down the stairs, but in a moment or two, this avenue was cut off by flames. The girls rushed to the windows and looked down at Greene Street, 100 feet below them. Then one poor little creature jumped. There was a plate glass protection over part of the sidewalk, but she crashed through it; wrecking it and breaking her body into a thousand pieces.

Then they all began to drop. The crowd yelled ‘Don’t jump!’ but it was jump or be burned – the proof of which is around in the fact that fifty burned bodies were taken from the ninth floor alone.

The victims who are now lying at the Morgue waiting for someone to identify them by a tooth or the remains of a burned shoe were mostly girls from 18-23 years of age.

There is just one fire escape in the building. That one is an interior fire escape. In Greene Street, where the terrified unfortunates crowded before they began their mad leaps to death, the whole big front of the building is guiltless of one. Nor is there a fire escape in the back.

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The building itself was one of the most modern construction and classed as fireproof. What burned so quickly and disastrously for the victims were shirtwaist, hanging on lines above tiers of workers, sewing machines placed so closely together that there was hardly aisle room for the girls between them, and shirtwaist trimmings and cuttings which littered the floors above the eighth and ninth stories.

According to two of the ablest fire experts in the city, the great loss of life at the shirtwaist factory fire can be accounted for by the lack of adequate instruction of the girls in the way to conduct themselves in time of fire.

These men, H.F.J. Porter, an industrial engineer, with offices at 1 Madison Avenue, and P.J. McKeon, a fire prevention expert, who is now delivering lectures at Columbia University, are both familiar with the building which was destroyed and had advised the owners of the factory to establish some kind of a fire drill among the girls and put in better emergency exits to enable them to get out of the building in case of fire. Mr. Porter said last night, when told of the fire by a Times reporter: ‘I don’t need to go down there. I know just what happened.’

Two years ago Mr. McKeon made an insurance inspection of the factory, among others, and was immediately struck by the way in which the large number of girls were crowded together in the top of the building. He said last night that at that time there were no less than a thousand girls on the three upper floors.

‘I inquired if there was a fire drill among the girls, and was told there was not,’ said he. ‘The place looked dangerous to me. There was a fire-escaped on the back and all that, and the regulations seemed to be complied with all right, but I could see that there would be a serious panic if the girls were not instructed how to handle themselves in case of a fire.’

‘I even found that the door to the main stairway was usually kept locked. I was told that this was done because it was so difficult to keep track of so many girls. They would run back and forth between the floors, and even out of the building, the manager told me.’

‘It is a wonder that these things are not happening in the city everyday’ he said. ‘There are only two or three factories in the city where fire drills are in use, and in some of them where I have installed the system myself, the owners have discontinued it.’

‘One instance I recall in point where the system has been discontinued despite the fact that the Treasurer for the company, through whose active co-operation it was originally installed, was himself burned to death with several members of his family in his country residence, and notwithstanding that the present President of the company, while at the opera, nearly lost his children and servants in a fire which recently swept through his apartments and burned off the two upper floors of a building which was and still is advertised as the most fireproof and expensively equipped structure of its character in the city.’

‘The neglect of factory owners of the safety of their employees is absolutely criminal. One man who I advised to install a fire drill replied to me, ‘Let ‘em burn up. They’re a lot of cattle anyway.’

‘The factory may be fitted with all the most modern fire fighting apparatus and there may be a well-organized fire brigade, but there is absolutely no attempt made to teach the employees how to handle

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themselves in case of a fire. This is particularly necessary in case of young women and girls who always go into panic.’Answer the questions about the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire:

1. How many deaths were there?

141

2. What made the fire spread so quickly?

Shirtwaist trimmings

3. What were the causes of death?

Smoke, burns, jumping out windows

4. What prevented people from escaping the building?

Only one fire escape, locked doors, no aisle room between machines

5. Give examples of panic among workers.

Jumping out windows

6. What do the workers need in order to be prepared for a fire?

Fire drills

Document 7:Photo from Lewis Hine’s book Kids at Work

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http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/imh/101.4/images/bodenhamer_fig02b.jpg

1. What is going on in this picture?

CHILDREN WORKING IN GLASS WORKS

2. What was Lewis Hine trying to expose in his book Kids at Work?

HORRIBLE CONDITIONS THAT CHILDREN WERE FORCED TO WORK IN

3. Why might have Lewis Hine’s job been dangerous?

FACTORY OWNERS DO NOT WANT PEOPLE TO KNOW THEY HAVE CHILDREN WORKING IN THEIR FACTORIES

Problem: Monopolies and the Anti-Trust Movement

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each section

Many companies had total control over their industries. Page | 22

Muckrakers like ___IDA TARBELL___worked to draw

attention to this problem during the late 1800’s. She when

after _____JOHN D ROCKEFELLER_____ and his

company, Standard Oil.

Critics of big business said it was unfair how big

corporations used their size and power to drive smaller

competitors out of business. Many wanted the government

to step in and regulate these business practices.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act: this law outlawed

__MONOPOLIES______ and ___TRUSTS___ that

restrained trade

Document 8:EXCERPT FROM: HISTORY OF STANDARD OIL

By: Ida M. Tarbell

Very often people who admit the facts, are willing to see that Mr. Rockefeller has employed force and fraud to secure his ends, justify him by declaring, “It’s business.” That is, “it’s business” has come to be a legitimate excuse for hard dealing, sly tricks, special privileges… One of the most depressing features of the ethical side of the matter is that instead of such methods arousing contempt they are more or less openly admired… and men who make a success like that of the Standard Oil Trust become national heroes!... And what are we going to do about it, for it is our business?

We the people of the United States, and nobody else, must cure whatever is wrong in the industrial situation, typified by this narrative of the growth of the Standard Oil Company. That our first task is to secure free and equal transportation privileges by rail, pipe and waterway is evident. It is not any easy matter. It is one which may require operations which seem severe; but the whole system of discrimination has been nothing but violence, and those who have profited by it cannot complain if the curing of the evils they have wrought bring hardship on them. At all events, until the transportation matter is settled, and right, the monopolistic trust will be with us - - a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts.

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Questions:1) Why has Standard Oil been able to continue with their unfair business practices for so long?

THEY USED FORCE AND FRAUD

2) What excuse is given for men in business that use unfair practices?

“IT’S BUSINESS”

3) Why do people admire John D. Rockefeller rather than hate him?

BECAUSE THEY WANT TO BE RICH AND SUCCESSFUL LIKE HIM

4) According to the author, what is the first task of the American people?

TO SECURE FREE AND EQUAL TRANSPORTATION PRIVILEGES BY RAIL, PIPE AND WATERWAY

5) What does “a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts” mean and what is the author referring to?

THAT ROCKEFELLER IS STEALING MONEY FROM PEOPLE’S POCKETS AND BLOCKING THEIR FREEDOM IN TRANSPORTATION.

Problem: Women’s Rights Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each section

The Rights of Women and Minorities:

Women started to attend more colleges in the late 1800’s

Some argued that women could not handle the “mental strain” of

too much thinking

Even with higher education many jobs were still closed to

women because of their gender

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Women’s Suffrage Movement:

Many women wanted more rights including the

right to vote

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

found the National American Woman Suffrage

Association (NAWSA) in 1890 to help get the right

to vote for women

Carrie Chapman Catt fought for women’s suffrage

in many western states including Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and

Utah

Catt becomes president of NAWSA in 1900 and helps mobilize

about 1 million volunteers to work for women’s right to vote

A rival group called the National Women’s Party (NWP) was

founded by Alice Paul in 1913 and aimed to make the women’s

suffrage movement more public with protests, parades, and

public demonstrations including hunger strikes

Both groups efforts will pay off when the 19 th amendment is

passed in 1920 and granted all women in the United States the

right to vote

WOMEN’S RIGHTSThe Women’s rights movement got its start in a place called SENECA FALLS in 1848. Here women from around the U.S. met to decide what they wanted to fight for and drafted the DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS. What did they decide to fight for?SUFFRAGE

Movie: IRON JAWED ANGELSWomen’s suffrage movement

Define suffrage: Page | 25

THE RIGHT TO VOTE

So what is women’s suffrage?WOMEN’S RIGHT TO VOTEMajor Players: (Explain some details about these women based on the movie.)

CARRIE CHAPMAN CATTVP OF NAWSA. STATE TO STATE TO GET SUFFRAGE. Did not treat Alice and Lucy very nice at first, eventually joins with them ALICE PAULWANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.Starts NWP LUCY BURNSWANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.Starts NWP

INEZ MILHOLLANDWANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. LED THE PARADE AND GAVE MANY SPEECHES.

What were some methods used to achieve suffrage?

PARADE, PROTEST, HUNGER STRIKES,PETITIONED THEIR CONGRESSMEN, MADE SPEECHES AROUND THE COUNTRY, WROTE BOOKS AND ARTICLES ABOUT THEIR CAUSE, SPOKE TO THE PRESIDENT, MADE THEIR FIGHT VERY PUBLICWhat event made it tough for the women’s suffrage movement to succeed?

US JOINED WWI

WHAT DO THEY STAND FOR?

COMPARE/CONTRAST

NAWSANATIONAL AMERICAN WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION

WANTED WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE STATE BY STATE

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LED BY: CARRIE CATT

WANTED AN AMMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

NWPNATIONAL WOMEN’S PARTY

LED BY: ALICE PAUL

Women’s suffrage was granted to women in the 19 TH AMENDMENT in 1920.

Problem: Alcohol and the Temperance Movement

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each section

Temperance Movement:

Women played a vital role in this reform

This movement blamed alcohol for

many of society’s problems

Leading reformer in this movement was

a woman named Carry Nation who literally stormed into

saloons with ax’s chopping up the bar and smashing the

liquor bottles

Reformers joined the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

(WCTU)

This movement will lead to the passage of the 18 th

Amendment to the Constitution in 1919. This amendment

outlaws the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the

United States

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Total ban of alcohol

Women were also fighting to make alcohol illegal. This was called the TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT. They were successful with the passage of the 18 TH AMENDMENT in 1919. One of the main people involved in this movement was a woman named CARRIE NATION. She was known for going into bars with her HATCHET and chopping them up destroying everything she came across.

Document 9:

http://www.rustycans.com/Graphics/Seuss_Prohibtion.jpg

1. Who is the woman in the cartoon?

CARRIE NATIONPage | 28

2. What is the camel’s name?

PROHIBITION

3. What is the message of this cartoon?

CARRIE NATION USED EXTREME MEASURES TO ENFORCE PROHIBITION.

Problem: Civil Rights for African Americans

CIVIL RIGHTS: RIGHTS GUARANTEED TO ALL PEOPLE – voting, speech, religion

Even though the 15 TH AMENDMENT was passed giving African-American men the right to vote, there were several things that went into place to prevent them from voting. The GRANDFATHER CLAUSE said that if your grandfather did not vote, you could not. The LITERACY TESTS were put in place and if you could not read/write, you could not vote; and finally POLL TAXES were charged and if you could not afford them, you could not vote.

JIM CROW LAWS_________________________________ After the Civil War these laws went into effect in the South Blacks were excluded from white society – legal segregation

PLESSY VS FERGUSON_____________________________ Supreme Court Case in 1896 Segregation of schools was legal

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Court ruled “separate but equal” – blacks and whites could have separate schools as long as schools could provide an equal education to all students

Schools were NOT equal

Document 10:Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois were the original fathers of the Civil Rights movement. However, they did not agree on a method to achieving equality. They had many, many differences. Please record some of their differences in the chart after reading the following excerpt and p. 622-623.

ONE LAST INTERVIEW WITH W.E.B. DU BOIS"I never thought Washington was a bad man," he said. "I believed him to be sincere, though wrong. He and I came from different backgrounds. I was born free. Washington was born slave. He felt the lash of an overseer across his back. I was born in Massachusetts, he on a slave plantation in the South. My great-grandfather fought with the Colonial Army in New England in the American Revolution." (This earned the grandfather his freedom.) "I had a happy childhood and acceptance in the community. Washington's childhood was hard. I had many more advantages: Fisk University, Harvard, graduate years in Europe. Washington had little formal schooling. I admired much about him. Washington," he said, a smile softening the severe, gaunt lines of his face, "died in 1915. A lot of people think I died at the same time."

http://www.theatlantic.com/past/unbound//flashbks/black/mcgillbh.htm

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. DuBois

Growing upBORN A SLAVE, GREW UP ON A PLANTATIONCHILDHOOD WAS HARDWAS ABUSED AS A SLAVE

BORN FREE IN MASSACHUSETTESGRANDFATHER HAD FOUGHT FOR FREEDOM IN WARHAPPY CHILDHOODHAD ACCEPTANCE IN THE COMMUNITYPHD from Harvard

ENCOURAGED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO IMPROVE

CALLED FOR ECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL

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NAACP, JIM CROW LAWS, 15th AMENDMENT,

PLESSY V. FERGUSON

Beliefs about Civil Rights

THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING,

RATHER THAN FIGHT DISCRIMINATION AND SEGREGATION WORK HARD

EQUALITY AND AN END TO SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATIONWANTED TO BRING RACIAL INEQUALITY TO THE ATTENTION OF WHITE AMERICANS

Accomplishments

FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

CREATED THE NIAGARA MOVEMENTFOUNDED THE NAACPHELPED WIN THE CASE TO OUTLAW THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSEGRADUATED FROM HARVARD

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PROBLEM: CONSERVATION:

STATE Bird Preservation

National Forest

GamePreserve

National Monuments

National Park

Reclamation Project

Alaska: B=6 F=2 G=1Arizona: B=1 F=12 G=1 M=5 R=2Arkansas: F=2California: B=2 F=20 M=4 R=2Colorado: F=17 M=1 P=1 R=1Florida: B=10 F=2Hawaiian Islands:

B=1

Idaho: B=2 F=19 R=2Kansas: F=1Louisiana: B=4Michigan: B=2 F=2Minnesota: F=2Montana: B=1 F=17 G=1 M=1 R=4Nebraska: F=1 R=1Nevada: F=4 R=1New Mexico:

B=2 F=8 M=3 R=2

North Dakota:

B=2 F=1 P=1

Oklahoma: F=1 G=1 P=1Oregon: B=4 F=12 P=1 R=1Puerto Rico:

B=1 F-1

South Dakota:

B=1 F=1 M=1 P=1 R=1

Utah: B=1 F=10 M=1 R=1Washington:

B=8 F=8 M=1 R=2

Wyoming: B=3 F=7 M=1 R=1

Teddy Roosevelt believed that conservation was extremely important, because he knew that once resources & animals were gone they could not be replaced. Label the map to see what Roosevelt did for conservation in the US.

KEY:B= Federal Bird Reserve, G =Federal Game Reserve, P = National Park, F = National Forest, M = National Monument, R = Reclamation Project

THIS CHART SHOWS THE STATES WHERE ROOSEVELT SET ASIDE RESERVES, PARKS,

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FORESTS, MONUMENTS, AND IRRIGATION PROJECTS

1.) Which state received the most Bird Preservations?

FLORIDA

2.) Which state received the most National Forests?

CALIFORNIA

3.) Which state received the most Game Preserves?

ALL EQUAL: ALASKA, ARIZONA, MONTANA, OKLAHOMA

4.) Which state received the most National Monuments?

ARIZONA

5.) Which state received the most National Parks?

ALL EQUAL: COLORADO, NORTH DAKOTA, OKLAHOMA, OREGON, SOUTH DAKOTA

6.) Which state received the most Reclamation Projects?

MONTANTA

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Use your vocab list to fill in the chart with the vocab term and the definition.

PROBLEM SOLUTIONWomen did not have suffrage. 19 TH AMENDMENT – gave women the right

to votePage | 36

Senators were selected by state legislators.

17 TH AMENDMENT - 1913 - Direct Election of Senators; the public votes for their state’s

Senators, not state legislaturesRailroad companies were

favoring certain industries, like Rockefeller.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT- forbade railroad companies from giving discounts to certain people.

Party leaders selected the candidates for office, causing

corruption.

DIRECT PRIMARY (PRIMARY) - party members choose their party’s candidate for office ex. the Democrats vote for their presidential nominee

Trusts and monopolies were too powerful and cutting

competition.

CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT - strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated antitrust laws could not be used against unions.

Corrupt politicians would hold office

until their term was up.

RECALL - allowed voters to remove an elected official from office

Voters were never allowed to vote on laws before.

REFERENDUM - gave voters the power to make a bill become a law by voting yes or no on it.

The meat industry was unsanitary.

MEAT INSPECTION ACT - required government regulation of the meat packing industry

Voters did not have the right to propose a new law.

INITIATIVE - citizens can propose a new law by getting enough people to sign a petition supporting it.

Ingredients were not listed on food & medicine. Companies

exaggerated the effects of some medicine.

PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT - 1906 – law that required food & drug manufacturers to list all ingredients on their packages

The government unfairly taxed people’s income.

16 TH AMENDMENT - 1913 - gave the government the right to tax people’s income; more you make, more you’re taxed

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