By: Hibah A. W. Abusulaiman Second year Lab Medicine (Females)
1433- 1434 A.H. / 2012- 2013 Microbiology Practical (Course I)
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Once upon a time Please dont sleep
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Fashionable friends
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Abrars
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Sara started the preparation early
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She got a luxurious manicure and padicure plus
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An elegant evening gown
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Lubna started the preparation 2 days before the wedding
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She got an elegant evening gown, but
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A poor manicure and padicure
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Both attended the wedding in
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After 45 days, Lubna was suffering from
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Diagnosed as Hepatitis Patient
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After discussion with the Doctor, she knew its because of the
poor hygienic manicure and pedicure
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Good hygienePoor hygiene
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Destruction of Microorganisms
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So, do you think we are in a war with?!
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Simply because they are the agents of Contamination, infection
and decay
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Early civilization
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In the 1800s Aseptic techniques invented to prevent
contamination of surgical wounds
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Many organizations classified infection control systems and
substances into: Physical methods. Chemical methods. Referred
broadly as Germicides
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Germicidal systems fall into three categories:
1.Decontamination. 2.Disinfection. 3.Sterilization.
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1. Decontamination: Reduction of pathogenic microorganisms to
be safe to handle without protective attire. The Lowest level of
control. Includes physical cleaning with soap and detergents and
removing of most organic and inorganic materials. It is the
critical step toward disinfection and steilisation.
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2. Disinfection: Disinfectants are liquid chemical agents that
kill targeted pathogens but not spores. It can also be solid or
gaseous. It is the next level of control.
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3. Sterilization The complete elimination of viable organisms
including spores. The highest level of control
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Factors influencing disinfection Number of microorganisms.
Species and type of microorganism. Temperature.
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Destruction of Microorganisms Physical Antimicrobial Agents
Chemical Antimicrobial agents
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Physical Antimicrobial Agents Physical environmental agents can
destroy large concentrations of microorganisms in lab cultures or a
clinical specimen.
Filtration Filtration is used to remove bacteria, fungi and
their endospores from air or solutions.
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Osmotic Pressure Extremely hypertonic conditions can cause
plasmolysis.
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Incineration
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Autoclave Moist heat- Steam sterilization 121 O C for 15
min
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Dry heat 160 O C for 2 hours OR 170 O C for an hour
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Chemical Antimicrobial Agents In considering their application
to patient care, two general classes: 1.Those destroying pathogenic
microorganisms in the environment (disinfectants) or on skin
(antiseptics). 2.Those administered to patients for treatment of
infectious diseases (antimicrobial agents, often called
antibiotics).
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Desinfectants
ViricidalFungicidalSporicidalBctericidalDisinfectant
goodGoodPoorGoodEthyl and isopropyl alcohols Good Chlorine
Disinfectants Good Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde Good Hydrogen
peroxide Good PoorGoodIodophors
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Evaluating a disinfectant Direct spray method. Testing the
quality of disinfectant from different brands.
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5 mL Bacterial Suspension in Nutrient Broth (Control) 5 mL
Dettol 5 mL DAC 5 mL Gento 5 mL Clorox Testing Disinfectant from
Different Brands 0.5 mL
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Bacteria in Clorox Testing Disinfectant from Different Brands
Bacterial Suspension in Nutrient Broth (Control) Bacteria in Dettol
Bacteria in DAC Bacteria in Gento Water Bath
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Bacterial Suspension in Nutrient Broth (Control) Water Bath
After 5min in Water Bath After 10 min in Water Bath After 20 min in
Water Bath 48 hrs Incubation in the 37 O C Testing Disinfectant
from Different Brands 2 Loopfulls
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Observe the bacterial growth
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Objectives Some infection control terms. Factors influencing
disinfectants. Physical destruction of microorganisms. Chemical
destruction of microorganisms. Methods of evaluating
disinfectants.