By: Dinesh BajracharyaNepalIntroduction to information
systemsOrganizationOrganization is a group of people working
together to achieve some common goals and objectives.Different
employees with different knowledge, skill level and experience work
in the organizationEmployees of organization need reliable,
complete, timely information to execute their tasks and
activities.Information systemInformation is a processed data.
Everybody needs information to perform their tasks and
activities.Information System: is a computer system which takes raw
data as input, processes it using one or more modules (functions)
and give information as output.Users provide feedbacks about the
output given by Information system. Those feedbacks are
incorporated by Information system.Components of
ISDataHardwareSoftwarePeopleComputer NetworkThings to know about
successful implementation of Information
systemOrganizationManagementInformation Technology Infrastructure
Strategic Role of information systemInformation System helps to
execute different strategies easily by providing accurate, timely
and complete information.Some of the strategies Find niche
marketProduct differentiationImproving customer care and
serviceInformation system for decision making processDecision is
judgment given by someone about some problem or situation.
Information system helps to make decisionsInformation system can
help to understand problem situationFind different solutions with
advantages and disadvantages for the problem
Types of Information SystemNature and functioning of information
systems differ from each other. Different managers of organization
need different information to process business
processes.Information systems are developed for specific
purposes.Information system can be distinguished onManagement
hierarchFunctional units of organizationEnterprise SystemEnterprise
systems are information systems which integrate several functional
areas of the organization and provide integrated view of the
system. It takes data from several sources and feeds data to
different applications to support proper functioning of
organizations internal business activities. Supply chain
management, customer management system and knowledge
managementEthical issues that are raised by the use of information
technologyethics is concerned with the right or wrong behavior,
actions of individuals or organizationsInformation systems have
facilitated organizations in may ways; but at the same time also
have raised several ethical issues:Information rightProperty
right:Responsibility, accountability and liabilityQuality of
information systemLife of users
