Upload
scott-singleton
View
217
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
What is a ketone? Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached in the form of: The carbonyl group is at an intermediate position. If both groups attached to the carbonyl group are carbon chains, then the compound is a ketone.
Citation preview
KETONES
by:Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore
What is a ketone?• Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group
attached in the form of:
• The carbonyl group isat an intermediate position.
• If both groups attached to the carbonyl group are carbon chains, then the compound is a ketone.
Naming Process• There are only a few steps in naming a ketone.1. Change the ‘-e’ at the end of the parent chain to an ‘-
one’2. The location of the carbonyl group is indicated by
selecting a numbering order that gives it the lowest possible number.
EX: 2-pentanone CH3CH2CH2COCH3
Reaction Properties• The most common reaction for ketones are
nucleophilic addition reactions which is the addition of a nucleophilic and a hydrogen across the carbon-oxygen double bond.
• With cyanide, nucleophilic addition occur to give a hydroxynitrile:
• RR'C=O + CN- + H+ → RR'COHCNe.x• propanone→ 2-
hydroxymethylpropanonitrile
Acetone
• Simplest ketone• Volatile liquid• Highly flammable• Boiling point: 56-57 °C • Melting point: -95--93 °C
Every Day Uses!
• Propanone (acetone) is the most common ketone, it is found in nail polish removers and varnishes
• Carvone - spearmint flavou• 2-Butanone - paint stripper and
solvent
• Fructose is a ketone because its carbonyl group is bonded to two carbons not a carbon and a hydrogen, it is a sugar found in many fruits.