7
KETONES by: Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore

by: Chantal Daigle Karina Moore

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

What is a ketone? Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached in the form of: The carbonyl group is at an intermediate position. If both groups attached to the carbonyl group are carbon chains, then the compound is a ketone.

Citation preview

Page 1: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

KETONES

by:Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore

Page 2: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

What is a ketone?• Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group

attached in the form of:

• The carbonyl group isat an intermediate position.

• If both groups attached to the carbonyl group are carbon chains, then the compound is a ketone.

Page 3: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

Naming Process• There are only a few steps in naming a ketone.1. Change the ‘-e’ at the end of the parent chain to an ‘-

one’2. The location of the carbonyl group is indicated by

selecting a numbering order that gives it the lowest possible number.

EX: 2-pentanone CH3CH2CH2COCH3

Page 4: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

Reaction Properties• The most common reaction for ketones are

nucleophilic addition reactions which is the addition of a nucleophilic and a hydrogen across the carbon-oxygen double bond.

• With cyanide, nucleophilic addition occur to give a hydroxynitrile:

• RR'C=O + CN- + H+ → RR'COHCNe.x• propanone→ 2-

hydroxymethylpropanonitrile

Page 5: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

Acetone

• Simplest ketone• Volatile liquid• Highly flammable• Boiling point: 56-57 °C • Melting point: -95--93 °C

Page 6: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

Every Day Uses!

• Propanone (acetone) is the most common ketone, it is found in nail polish removers and varnishes

• Carvone - spearmint flavou• 2-Butanone - paint stripper and

solvent

Page 7: by: Chantal Daigle  Karina Moore

• Fructose is a ketone because its carbonyl group is bonded to two carbons not a carbon and a hydrogen, it is a sugar found in many fruits.