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Educational research has shown that “pounding” concepts into students’ heads through lecture only does not result in positive student learning and long-term retention of the concepts
This Should Do It!
Variety of Methods
Many concepts in science are not well-understood so a variety of teaching methods are encouraged by educational researchers.
DemonstrationsIt has been shown that using Demonstrations in the science classroom helps students retain concepts, energizes the science classroom and is more fun!
1. What color is a ripe strawberry?
2. What color is a shadow?
3. What largest curved mirror ever made by man?
4. What is the most “perfectly” curved mirror ever made by man?
Light & Color Challenge
Rules for Color Production
• Radiometer converts light energy into motion (kinetic energy).
• UV Beads change color in ultraviolet light (sunlight, black light, etc.)
What is Light? A Form of Energy?
White sides reflect infrared radiation. Black sides get warmer
by absorption. Air molecules striking the warmer
sides take off faster and push back.
old crooke’s bulb
(radiometer) early 1900’s
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Many insects can “see” ultraviolet light. These are pix from NASA comparing visible light with U.V. light on flowers.
Peruvian Lily in
regular and
ultraviolet light
Are Mynah Birds Black?
Not if you’re another bird!
FluorescencePhosphor Glow
Paper Tonic Water
Violet Laser
Visualize the quantum energy of red, green and violet light!
Einstein Would Love This!
Polarization
17
Polarized light vibrates in one plane only!
Caused by...•Reflections from surfaces (Brewster’s Angle)
•Double refraction
•Filters
Polarization
Polarization
20
Polarization and 3-D
These glasses are used for 3-d movies like
“Spiderman” & “Shrek 3-d” at Universal
Studios.
What is the minimum size that a Plane mirror must be in order for a person to see their entire body?
a. ½ your height
b. b. ¼ your height
c. Your actual height
d. 1/3 your height
e. It depends on your distance from the mirror
Plane Mirror Challenge
“The Science Teacher”
Just use the
Law of Reflection!
“The Angle of Incidence = The Angle of Reflection”
Law of Reflection
?
Whether you are close to the mirror...
...or a distance away from the mirror...
The mirror’s size must be a minimum of
½ your height!
Law of Reflection
• Reflective• Transparent• Find Image
Location
Reflecta-View
Light reflects off “silvered” part
Light reflects off “front glass” part
“day/night” rear-view
mirror
During the day...
At night...
Reflection
Law of Reflection• Concave mirrors converge light
rays• Convex mirrors diverge light
rays
Optics
Focal Point
Law of Reflection
Focal Point
28
• Orbits at 380 miles above Earth.
• 42.5 ft in length/127 tons/1 inch to spare in shuttle.
• Resolution… From Hancock Tower in Boston to the Washington monument in Wash. DC, Hubble could read “In God We Trust” on a dime!
29
Hubble telescope’s main concave mirror
7.8 ft primary mirror polished
for 5 years non-stop.
30
“It appears to be perfectly wrong”
Quote from NASA after viewing the images
produced by their brand- new 1 billion dollar hubble
telescope.
The Arecibo radio telescope is currently the largest single-dish “concave mirror” in the world. First
opening in 1963, this 305 meter
(1000 foot) radio telescope resides
in a natural valley of
Puerto Rico
“Concave Mirrors” at Arecibo
Law of Reflection
Concave Mirrors
The “Mirage” reflects light rays & converges them to form a REAL image!
Mirage
Laser Ray Box
Concave Mirrors
Inquiry Investigation of Reflection, Refraction &
Geometric Optics1, 3, or 5 Laser Beams
Laser Ray Box
You can investigate...Snell’s law of refraction
Laser Ray Box
Distorted images observed in sunsets, water, mirages, lenses and twinkling stars!
Refraction results in…
Using concave and convex lenses...
Geometric Optics
Total Internal Reflection
Concave Mirror
Laser Ray Box
Laser refraction tanks
Color SpectrumPrisms separate white light into a spectrum by refraction and dispersion!
Color Spectrum
White Light
Complementary Colors of light
always combine to produce White
White Light
Color AdditionPrimary Color Light Sticks
Color Mixing Demo
Students can mix the primary colors of light to form secondary colors and any combination of hues!
Color Addition
Why is the Sky Blue?
Why is the Sky Blue?Sunset on MarsOn May 19, 2005, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit captured this stunning view as the Sun sank below the rim of Gusev crater on Mars. This Panoramic Camera mosaic was taken around 6:07 in the evening of the rover's 489th Martian day, or sol.
Actual micrograph of Rods & Cones in your Retina.
All persons with
“normal” vision
should see a “12”.!
Your Eyes and Color
Normal vision-->
“7”
Colorblind “nothing”
Your Eyes and Color
Red/Green colorblind-->
“3”Normal vision--> “8”
Your Eyes and Color
Though humans can see the entire visible light spectrum and would be able to appreciate the rich greens of the grass in the meadow on the left, prairie dogs and squirrels are red/green color blind, and only perceive the blues, yellows, and grays of the landscape.
DOGS CAN SEE COLOR!It is a myth that dogs see a black and white world. Dogs see in color, but not the same way that we do. Veterinary ophthalmologists have determined that
dogs are similar to people with red/green color blindness, so they can see bluish and greenish shades but not reddish ones. To a dog, a bright orange ball on a grassy lawn appears as a light
greenish ball in greenish grass. Go fetch!
Sharks have few retinal cones and have no color vision. Also, they have much larger rod receptors (which pick up light), with fewer numbers of them, so their vision is much less acute than ours.
Diffraction...Producing Spectra
You can use...• Holographic diffraction gratings• Quantitative spectrascopes• the newest in diffraction...
the “RSpec Explorer!”
Color Spectrum
Diffraction Gratings
Use combination red, green & violet lasers to observe the diffraction patterns!
Laser Pointers
DiffractionUsing a spectroscope to take quantitative measurements of wavelengths!
Using RSpec Explorer to view spectra in a whole new way!
Diffraction
Read the following
words from the top to
bottom out loud together
now!
cat
dog
horse
cow
pig
rabbit
mouse
whale
bird
frog
Now… Read the colors the words
are printed in from the
top to bottom out
loud together
now!
cat
dog
horse
cow
pig
rabbit
mouse
whale
bird
frog
Read the following
words from the top to
bottom out loud together
now!
red
blue
green
yellow
red
green
black
yellow
blue
green
Now… Read the colors the words
are printed in from the
top to bottom out
loud together
now!
red
blue
green
yellow
red
green
black
yellow
blue
green
YOUR RIGHT BRAIN TRIES TO SAY THE COLOR, BUT YOUR
LEFT BRAIN INSISTS ON
READING THE WORD!
Don’t forget the CoolStuff!
CoolStuff newsletter! It’s full of fun and informative labs, demos, and tools for your classroom!
Fill out the CoolStuff
Newsletter card for a
chance to win a $25 gift
certificate!
What is CoolStuff?
Buzz PutnamScience Workshops for Teachers
& Student groups/assemblies
Making Science Phun Again!
315-761-5062
“The
Fizziks
Wizard”
http://buzzputnam.wix.com/fizzikswizard
Contact info for Demo ideas, PowerPoints, Workshops, etc.
