BY : BURAK TEPELİ

CEREN BALIK

CANBERK ZERAY

ZEYNEP ÖYKÜ SAĞLAM

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNCTAD2

UNCTAD A knowledge-based institution to promote development

I. Introduction to UNCTAD Historical and political context

II. UNCTAD’s structureInter-governmental process, cooperation and dialogue

III. UNCTAD todayIts current work and its divisions

UNCTAD

Basic goals Optimize the trade, investment and

development opportunities of developing countries

Assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis

UNCTAD

Basic characteristics• 193 member States

• Secretary-General: Rubens Ricupero (Brazil),since September 1995

• Staff: 400 employees

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

• Budget: ca. US$ 50 million from the UN budget, US$ 25 million from extra-budgetary sources

UNCTAD

Historical and political context:

Creation of UNCTAD G-77 e NIEO Washington Consensus Globalization

Washington Consensus

- Debt crisis

- IMF, World Bank structural adjust. programs

- Trade and financial liberalization

1980s

New International Economic Order

- Strengthening of the G-77

- Trade and development

- New topics

New International Economic Order

- Strengthening of the G-77

- Trade and development

- New topics

1970s1970s

19641964

Creation of UNCTAD

- Dr. Prebisch

Creation of UNCTAD

- Dr. Prebisch

1990s1990s

Globalization

- Creation of the WTO

- Increase in FDI

- Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil)

Globalization

- Creation of the WTO

- Increase in FDI

- Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil)

UNCTAD6

Brief History of UNCTAD

First phase: 1964 to late 1970s

Rise and climax of UNCTAD’s negotiating role

Second phase: 1980s

Strengthening the analytical capacity with greater focus on macroeconomic and financial issues (debt-crisis)

Third phase: 1990s onwards

The positive agenda and identification of the shortcomings of the mainstream development strategy

UNCTAD7

Political dimension of the Conferences Discussion about:

Development-oriented strategies

Advantages and shortcomings of economic strategies

Intergovernmental and international policies and priorities

Mandates and work of the UN and UNCTAD

UNCTAD

Intergovernmental process

Expert Meetings

Commission on Trade in

Goods, Services and Commodities

Trade and Development Board

Commission on Investment,

Technology and Related

Financial Issues

Commission on Enterprise, Business

Facilitation and Development

Commission on Science and

Technology for Development

ECOSOC

Annual session of the commissions: political issues Expert meetings: technical issues

Consensus-building

UNCTAD

Meetings The inter-governmental work is done at 5 levels of meetings: [1]

The UNCTAD Conference – held every 4 years; UNCTAD XIII will be held in Doha, Qatar  in 2012 UNCTAD XII was held in Accra, Ghana in 21–25 April

2008  UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13–18 June

2004  UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12–19

February 2000  UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand, South Africa in 27 April –

11 May 1996 UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 8–25

February 19929

UNCTAD

Structure of the SecretariatSecretary-General

Office of the S-G

Special Programme For Least Developed,

Landlocked and IslandDeveloping Countries

Special Programme For Least Developed,

Landlocked and IslandDeveloping Countries

Deputy S-G

Division on Globalisation and Development

Strategies

Division on Investment, Technology and

EnterpriseDevelopment

Division On Services

Infrastructure forDevelopment andTrade Efficiency

Division On International Trade in Goodsand Services,

and Commodities

Division of Management

UNCTAD

How does UNCTAD work?

A TWO-TRACKPROCESS

Intergovernmental level

Commission meetings

Human resources capacity-building

Consensus

Building

Policy

Analysis

UNCTAD Secretariat

Expert meetingsExpert meetingsMonitoring of inter-

governmental activities

Monitoring of inter-governmental

activities

Research and analytical studies

Research and analytical studies

InstitutionalCapacity-building

InstitutionalCapacity-building

UNCTAD

UNCTAD

Cooperation and dialogue

Private Sector

International organisations

Civil Society

Academia

WTO, World Bank, IMF, etc.

Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

Universities and research institutes

Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) and

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Governments 192 countries

UNCTAD

MAIN THEMES Poverty/Development

Social dimension of globalization

Equitable world trade (market access, agriculture)

Financial system and world economy

Social and corporate responsibility

LDCs’ external debt

Trade and environment

UNCTAD14

Analytical process

Annual reports Specific studies Technical and statistical material Regional and national workshops Analysis of national policies and

best practices

UNCTAD15

Main publications Trade and Development Report

(annual)

Research Papers Series

www.unctad.org

E-commerce and Development Report (annual)

The Least Developed Countries Report (biennial)

World Investment Report (annual)

UNCTAD

UNCTAD’s work

Investment, enterprise

development, and technology

Trade (goods, services and commodities),

services infrastructure and

trade facilitation

DEVELOPMENT

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UNCTAD17

Globalization and Development Strategies Macro-economic analysis and

policy proposals

Studies and projections about the world economy and the financial system

Preparation of the Trade and Development Report (TDR)

Analysis of external debt problems

Development programs for Africa

UNCTAD18

International Tradein Goods, Services and Commodities

Integrate developing countries in the multilateral trade system and help them benefit from it

Understanding of current issues in multilateral trade negotiations

New proposals – positive agenda

UNCTAD19

Services Infrastructure for Development and Trade Efficiency

Trade facilitation Multimodal transportation (ACIS) E-commerce TrainForTrade Global Trade Point Network Customs modernisation

(ASYCUDA)

UNCTAD20

Special Programme on Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Currently: 50 LDCs

34 in Africa, 9 in Asia, 6 in the Pacific Region, 1 in Latin America (Haiti)

Objective: Reduce poverty & increase development Preparation of the LDC Annual Report Analysis of the links between poverty-reduction

and development strategies Assistance to LDCs for accession to the WTO

and its negotiations Capacity-building in trade, investment and

related services Organization of the Conference on LDCs

UNCTAD21

Who participates

Government delegates from 193 countries

International institutions

Parliamentarians

Entrepreneurs

Academics

NGOs and IGOs

Media