By: Brian

Period 5

11-12-04

Pre-Cambrian

Cenozoic

Paleozoic

Mesozoic

•Pre-Cambrian

•Cambrian

•Ordovician

•Silurian

•Devonian

•Mississippian•Pennsylvanian•Permian

•Triassic

•Jurassic

•Cretaceous

•Tertiary

•Quaternary

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Pre-Cambrian Era

Began: 4600 million years ago (mya)Ended:570 myaDuration of Time: 4030 million years (my)

• Pre-Cambrian Era makes up about 90% of Earth’s history.• Earth developed, forming mountains, seas, the atmosphere,

and the origins of life.• Fossils are rare because many of them were soft bodied

animals.• Fossils did not preserve well anyway because many of the

rocks formed in the Pre-Cambrian Era were igneous rocks and objects do not preserve well in igneous rocks.

• Most fossils were single-celled organisms.

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Pre-Cambrian Organisms

Medusina mawsoni, Jellyfish

Spriggina Floundersi, Segmented Worm

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Anthozoa Coral

Paleozoic EraThe Age of Invertebrates Began: 570 myaEnded: 225 myaDuration of Time: 345 my

Cambrian Period

Devonian Period

Silurian Period

Ordovician Period

Permian Period

Pennsylvanian Period

Mississippian Period

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Cambrian Period

Began: 570 myaEnded: 500 myaDuration of Time: 70 my• All organisms lived in the sea.• The Burgess Shale was formed in this period and has well

preserved fossils such as worms and other soft bodied organisms.

• Trilobites, crab-like bottom scavengers, were the most common fossils of the period.

• Brachiopods, clam-like organisms, are the 2nd most common organism in the Cambrian Period.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Cambrian Organisms

Fossilized Algae

Trilobite

Paleozoic Era SlideBrachiopod

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Ordovician Period

Began: 500 myaEnded: 425 myaDuration of Time: 75 my

• Hard-shelled animals develop.• Ordovician seas over North America deposit many

sediments forming sedimentary rock.• Lava flows were common in Europe and North

America.• A warm climate was common in the Northern

Hemisphere, but it was colder in the Southern Hemisphere.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Ordovician Organisms

Favistella

Bryozoans

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Rugosa Coral

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Silurian Period

Began: 425 myaEnded: 405 myaDuration of Time: 20 my

• Plants appear. Oldest plant fossils found in the Silurian Period are found in Australia.

• Mountains were developed by lava flow in Britain and Scandinavia.

• Salt deposits form in the New York, Ohio, and Michigan area.

• Tectonic plates start to form Pangea.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Silurian Organisms

HalysiteEuryptid Eurypterus

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Echinoderm

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Devonian Period

Began: 405 myaEnded: 345 myaDuration of Time: 60 my

• First land animals appear. The majority of them are amphibians.

• Spiders and insects also appear.• New English and Canadian mountain building occurs. White

Mountains form in Alaska

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Devonian Organisms

Bothriolepis

Dinichthys

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Cladoselache

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Mississippian Period

Began: 345 myaEnded: 310 myaDuration of Time: 35 my

• Named for limestone bluffs on the Mississippi River. • Middle North America was submerged under seas• Amphibians develops even more• Extensive submergence of the continents.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Mississippian Organisms

Onychaster, Mississippian Starfish

Cephalapod

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Edophosaurus

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Pennsylvanian Period

Began: 310 myaEnded: 280 myaDuration of Time: 30 my

• Coal-forming swamps in North America and Europe grow.• Reptiles appeared from amphibian ancestors. They lived on

land.• Amphibians still grow in numbers.• Fossils of reptiles are numerous in shales in Kansas.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Pennsylvanian Organisms

Branch of a Cordaite

An illustrated Diplovertebron

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Lepidodendron

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Permian Period

Began: 280 myaEnded: 230 myaDuration of Time: 50 my

• Appalachian and Ural mountains form.• South America was in an ice age for the majority of this

period.• Salt forming deserts develop in the Western U.S.• Brachiopods, trilobites, bryozoans, and many other

dominant species died out by now.

Paleozoic Era Slide

Permian Organisms

CooperocerasMesosaurus

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Diplocaulus

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Mesozoic Era The Age of ReptilesBegan: 230 myaEnded: 70 mya Duration of Time: 160 my

Triassic Period

Cretaceous Period

Jurassic Period

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Triassic Period

Began: 230 myaEnded: 180 myaDuration of Time: 50 my

• The Palisade Mountains are formed in California.• Volcanism in New England and New Jersey.• Reptiles flourish in this period.• Forests of conifers and cycads appear.

Mesozoic Era Slide

Triassic Organisms

PlateosaurusSaltoposuchus

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Kannemeyeria

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Jurassic Period

Began: 180 myaEnded: 135 myaDuration of Time: 45 my

• First mammals and birds appear• Conifers and cycads become abundant• Western U.S. mountains such as Sierra Nevada's and Range

Mountains. The Great Basin was also formed• Many modern forms of insects appear.

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Jurassic Organisms

CryptocleidusBrontosaurus

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Stegosaurus

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Cretaceous Period

Began: 135 myaEnded: 70 myaDuration of Time: 65 my

• Andes and Rockies were formed. Mountain building in Antarctica and Northeastern Asia occurs.

• Many modern trees such as oak, beech, holly, and ivy appear.

• Dinosaurs and reptiles are the dominant species.• Also marks the end of the dominance of dinosaurs and

reptiles.

Mesozoic Era Slide

Cretaceous Organisms

Brachiosaurus

Tyrannosaurus

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Triceratops

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Cenozoic PeriodThe Age of MammalsBegan: 70 myaEnded: TO THE PRESENTDuration of Time: 70 my (so far)

Tertiary Period

Quaternary Period

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Tertiary Period

Began: 70 myaEnded: 1.8 myaDuration of Time: 68.2 my

• The Alps in Europe rose.• Primates, horses, and human-like organisms appear.• Many mammals take on their modern day appearance.

Cenozoic Era Slide

Tertiary Organisms

Diatryma

Notharctus

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Hyracotherium

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Quaternary Period

Began: 1.8 myaEnded: TO THE PRESENT Duration of Time: 1.8 my (so far)

• Ice age covers most of the Northern Hemisphere in continental ice caps.

• First humans appear.• Civilization begins in the Quaternary Period.

Cenozoic Era Slide

Quaternary Organisms

Human Skeleton, Neanderthal

Wooly Mammoth

Cenozoic Era Slide

Bison

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Thank YouThank You

I hope you enjoyed my Geologic Time Project.I hope you enjoyed my Geologic Time Project.

Ice Age

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