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By and large, communication(from Latin commnicre, meaning "to share"[1]) is a purposeful activity of

exchanginginformationand meaningacross space and time using various technical or natural means, whichever

is availale or preferred!

ommunication re#uires a sender, amessage, a medium and a recipient, although the receiver does not have to

e present or aware of the sender$s intent to communicate at the time of communication% thus communication

can occur across vast distances in time and space! ommunication re#uires that the communicating parties

share an area of communicative commonality! &he communication process is complete once the receiver

understands the sender$s message!

'iscursive communication three primary steps[]

&hought *irst, information exists in the mind of the sender! &his can e a concept, idea, information, or feeling!

+ncoding ext, a message is sent to a receiver in words or other symols!

'ecoding *inally, the receiver translates the words or symols into a concept or information that a person can

understand!

&here are a range of veral and non-veral forms of communication! &hese includeody language,eye

contact, sign language,haptic communication, andchronemics!.ther examples are media contentsuch as

pictures, graphics,sound, and writing! &heonvention on the /ights of 0ersons with 'isailitiesalso defines the

communication to include the display of text,Braille,tactilecommunication,large print,accessile multimedia,as

well as written andplain language,human-reader,augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of

communication,including accessileinformation and communication technology![] *eedac2is a critical

component of effective communication!

Two-wayprocessof reachingmutualunderstanding, in whichparticipantsnot

onlyexchange(encode-decode)information,news,ideasand feelings but

alsocreateandsharemeaning. Ingeneral, communication is ameansof connecting people

orplaces. Inbusiness, it is a keyfunctionof management--anorganizationcannotoperatewithout

communication between leels,

departments

and

employees. !ee also

communications.

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.

Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may communicate the subject becomes a lot

more complex. There are various categories of communication and more than one may occur at any time.

The different categories of communication are:

Spoken orVerbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedbackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedbackhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mutual.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mutual.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/participant.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/exchange.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/encode-decode.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/new.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/create.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/create.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/share.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/share.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/general.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mean.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/place.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/function.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/operate.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/department.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/communications.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/verbal-communication.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/verbal-communication.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbal-communication.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_printhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedbackhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mutual.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/participant.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/exchange.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/encode-decode.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/new.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/create.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/share.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/general.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mean.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/place.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/function.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/operate.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/department.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/communications.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/verbal-communication.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbal-communication.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-1

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Written Communication:letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media.

Visualizations: graphs, charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate

messages.

3 resistoris apassivetwo-terminalelectrical componentthat implementselectrical resistance as a circuit

element! /esistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits! 4n

electronic circuits resistors are used to limit current flow, to ad5ust signal levels, ias active elements,

terminate transmission lines among other uses! 6igh-power resistors that can dissipate manywatts of electrical

power as heat may e used as part of motor controls, in power distriution systems, or as test loads

for generators! *ixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating

voltage! 7ariale resistors can e used to ad5ust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or

as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity!

3 capacitor(originally 2nown as a condenser) is a passive two-terminalelectrical componentused tostoreenergyelectrostaticallyin anelectric field! &he forms of practical capacitors vary widely, ut all contain at

least two electrical conductors(plates) separated y adielectric(i!e! insulator)! &he conductors can e thin films,

foils or sintered eads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc! &he nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the

capacitor$s charge capacity! 3 dielectric can e glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide layer

etc! apacitors are widely used as parts ofelectrical circuits in many common electrical devices! 8nli2e aresistor,

an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy! 4nstead, a capacitor stores energyin the form of an electrostatic

field etween its plates!

3n inductor, also called a coilor reactor, is apassivetwo-terminalelectrical componentwhich resists changes

inelectric currentpassing through it! 4t consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound into a coil! 9hen a

current flows through it, energy is stored temporarily in a magnetic field in the coil! 9hen the current flowing

through an inductor changes, the time-varying magnetic field induces a voltagein the conductor, according

to *araday:s law of electromagnetic induction, which opposes the change in current that created it!

4n electronics, a diodeis a two-terminalelectronic componentwith asymmetricconductance%it has low (ideally

;ero) resistancetocurrentin one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other! 3 semiconductor

diode, the most common type today, is acrystallinepiece ofsemiconductormaterial with apemiconductor diodes were the firstsemiconductor electronic devices! &he discovery

of crystals$rectifyingailities was made y ?erman physicist *erdinand Braunin 1@A!

3 transistoris a semiconductor device used to amplify andswitch electronic signals and electrical power!4t is

composed of semiconductormaterial with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit! 3 voltage

orcurrent applied to one pair of the transistor$s terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals!

Because the controlled (output) power can e higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor canamplifya

signal! &oday, some transistors are pac2aged individually, ut many more are found emedded inintegrated

circuits!

http://www.skillsyouneed.com/writing-skills.htmlhttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/writing-skills.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biasinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_passivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday's_law_of_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93n_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93n_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectification_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectification_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://www.skillsyouneed.com/writing-skills.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biasinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_passivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday's_law_of_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93n_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93n_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_electrodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectification_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit