southwest.bwdb.gov.bdsouthwest.bwdb.gov.bd/files/report/32179cf60274cf95b65d284efda… · BWDB – Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project-Additional

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

Ministry of Water Resources

Bangladesh Water Development Board

Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project -Additional Financing

[ADB Loan No. 3302 (SF) & GON Grant No. 0441 (EF)]

Socio-Economic Survey Report

Joint venture of

&

November 2019

The Netherlands

Bangladesh

“Household servey conducted by enumerator”

BWDB – Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project-Additional Financing


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Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1

2. Project Background ................................................................................................................... 1

3. Additional Financing for the Project ......................................................................................... 1

4. Baseline Survey ......................................................................................................................... 1

5. Purpose of the Baseline Survey ............................................................................................... 2

6. Updating the questionnaire and Formation of Survey Team .................................................. 2

7. Data Collection methodology .................................................................................................... 2

8. Data Processing ......................................................................................................................... 2

9. Summary of Data Input of SWP ................................................................................................ 2

10. Poverty Situation ................................................................................................................... 3

Appendix Appendix-1 Alfadanga-Boalmari Sub-Project 1-12 Appendix-2 Arol Beel Sub-Project 13-29 Appendix-3 Bamunkhali Barnali 30-39 Appendix-4 Beel Sukunia Sub-Project 40-51 Appendix-5 Chatler Fakurhat 52-64 Appendix-6 Daduria-Kandor Sub-Project 65-77 Appendix-7 Kalidaskhali-Arpara 78-90 Appendix-8 Purulia Charbhatpara 91-106 Appendix-9 Sathla-Bagda Sub-Project 106-122 Appendix-10 Tarail-Pachuria Sub-Project 123-141 Appendix-11 Rajoir-Kotalipara 142-157 Appendix-12 Ramsil-Kafulabari Sub-Project 158-174 Appendix-13 Horai River Sub-Project 175-186 Appendix-14 FGD Findings Annex – 1 Questionnaire


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Executive Summary The household‟s survey of 07 subprojects have been completed by PMO for Feasibility study. For the remaining subproject, like Purulia Char Bhatpara and Bamankhali-Barnali, the ISPMC are responsible to implement under this additional financing project. Preparation of IWMP for two subprojects, Arol Beel & Sunamukhi-Banmander in Jessore district to be implemented by GOB under future projects. Study of potential drainage improvement in Tarail Pachuria, Sathla Bagda, Ramshil Kafulabari and Rajoir Kotalipara in Gopalganj district to be implemented by GOB under future projects. So far total 210,011 households have been surveyed and all data have been digitized. The survey also covered the qualitative data collection by following FGD and Key Informants Interview. On the basis of the collected data the IWMP report have been prepared. It is observed that water logging, seasonal drought, limited job opportunity, crop damage, siltation of river bed, over fishing, early marriage and dowry, poor infrastructure, social insecurity and limited scope of work for women was highlighted. It is observed that most of the women have no/limited control over the resources. Mobility in the community was found to be higher than that of the outside. Participation in household decision-making process was found to be very low and mostly male counter parts decide. More than 90% of the female respondents viewed that they do not participate in village Shalish/Mosque/Mandir committee activities, community activities etc. Only about 13.8% of the women participates/visits in Union Parishad. More than 80% of the women do not know and not aware about the legal rights related to marriage, inheritance and legal process. It is observed that the area is very poor. Cultivable and other natural resources are highly concentrated to the local rich people. There is very limited job opportunity for the poor and un-employed youth especially destitute and female headed households. Farmers used to loss crops and can not cultivate year round due to water logging, , drought, limited irrigation facilities, operational problems of water outlets etc. Significant percentage of the people used to migrate outside for alternative job during the off-season. In the area, social insecurity, early marriage, practice of dowry is very high. It is recommended to construct/repair embankments and gates, IGA skill to the poor especially women inclusive of marketing opportunities, social mobilization against early marriage and dowry and other forces. It is highly recommended to engage and ensure active community participation in the process and ensure community led development so that community ownership is created and sustained. The following are the brief socio-economic status of the 13 sub-projects. 1. Alfadanga Boalmari

The total households of the surveyed area of Alfadanga Boalmari is 8,971 and population is 35,884. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females In Alfadanga - Boalmari the ratio is 1.145 (calculated on the basis of 57,914 males and 50,538 females) which is higher than the national average (1.003 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011).The average household size of the surveyed households is 4. In Alfadanga-Boalmari the productive or 15-60 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 15 and adults older than 60 are considered nonproductive people. The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 80% with literate female and male ratio 1: 1 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 57% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17. In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Alfadanga-Boalmari no households were found who drink contaminated water. The high rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub-project area is consistent with the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011). Farming is the main occupation of all categories of farmers 51.96%, followed by business 6.48%, service 4.43%.The other occupation is 37.13%, which includes; daily wage laborers, fishermen, Rickshaw/van puller, Carpenter, Mason, Mechanic , Boatmen , Driver. The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 41.54%, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh. In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangaldesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area. For improving Gender situation total 3,214,750 have been allocated.


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2. Arol Beel

The total households of the surveyed area of Arol beel 8569 and population is 35597. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Arol beel it is 51.50 male against 48.50 female (calculated on the basis of 18335 male and 17262 female). The average household size of the surveyed households is 4.1. The female headed households is 4%.

In Arol beel the productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 63.19% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. Farming is the main occupation of all categories of farmers 32.40%, followed by business labour 28.59%, business 14.25%, service 13% aboard 4.2%housewife 3.4% and other 3.8%, which includes; daily wage laborers, fishermen, Rickshaw /van puller, Carpenter, Mason, Mechanic, Boatmen, Driver. The highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The households 60.19% earn monthly below Tk. 1276 are living below poverty level. Out of total poverty group 9% earn monthly below Tk. 6000, they all are living in extreme poverty level. The first two groups of income belong to the below-poverty level. If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4.1), a monthly income of more than Tk 12,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The average incidence of poverty in project area is 60%, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangadesh ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 31.4%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area. 3. Beel Sukunia

The SP Beel Sukunia is situated under Faridpur Sadar, Nagarkanda and Shalta Upazilas, where agriculture (80%) forms the principle livelihood. From the district and Upazila centers, the sub project area is well provided with paved roads and people mobility is visible from villages in the area. The total area of the sub-project is 9,681 ha. In Beel Sukunia, the population was estimated to be 84,438 giving a density of 872 per square kilometer. Compared to the national average density. It is not overpopulated and thus suitable for development actions. The sex ratio: for social stability, the desired ratio should be very close to (or below) 100. In Bangladesh, the national average sex ratio is 100.3 (BBS Population Census Report 2011) meaning an almost equal number of males and females. In Beel Sukunia, it is also 100.3 (71,858 male and 71,599 female). Information on household size is within the range of 4-5 people per family. In joint families, it may be more than 5, but in that case, the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately larger. The average household size in the sub project was estimated to be 4.5. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report, the national average household size is 4.3 and 4.5 for the Faridpur district. Therefore household size in the sub project area is consistent with the national survey data. Information on household size is within the range of 4-5 people per family. In joint families, it may be more than 5, but in that case, the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately larger. The average household size in the sub project was estimated to be 4.5. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report, the national average household size is 4.3 and 4.5 for the Faridpur district. Therefore household size in the sub project area is consistent with the national survey data. The age structure of a population is important to analyze its current productivity. Generally children below 15 and adults above 60 years of age are considered nonproductive. Figures for productive and nonproductive age groups for the population of Beel Sukunia are: minors under 15: 32%, adults between 15 and 59: 62.69% and 7.31% of the population is over 60 years of age. The ratio of male and female-headed households is an important aspect of socio economic and gender perspective of a society. It influences the vulnerability, family bindings, child security, and incidence of poverty, social inequality, injustice and overall instability. In Beel Sukunia the percentage of female and male-headed households is 6.5% and 93.4% respectively. The degree of illiteracy is an indication for the educational status. According to the survey the average literacy rate in the SP area is 52.4%. The male and female division is 53% and 52.6% respectively. The national average figures for rural the literacy rate (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)) is 51.8%; male 54.39% and


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female 49.16% respectively. A large share (87%) of the household drinking water supply comes from underground sources pumped by hand by tube wells. Besides this there is also a pipe water supply with purified water. This however is only 7% and the rest are other sources like surface water from ponds and rivers. As hanging pits and total lack of latrines are considered unhygienic, the above table shows that in a significant (almost 86%) percentage of the households hygienic latrines are used, which indicates a healthy environment for household and the society. The achievement in using hygienic sanitation facilities is consistent with the national average of 83%. For the last two decades public campaign through media, demonstrations, social advocacy and an awareness raising program, together with the supply of hygienic latrine by GOs and NGOs made such a tremendous achievement possible.

The average incidence of poverty in project area is 45.42, a figure consistent with the national figure shown in the poverty map of Bangladesh (ref: BBS website poverty map). The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. The poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area, which justifies the need for a development project with an overall objective for poverty reduction. A Total amount of Tk .8, 519,500 has been allocated for the development of the destitute and Female Headed households. 4. Bamankhali Barnali

The sub project Bamankhali Barnali is located at Magura Sadar, Narail Sadar and Shallikha Upazila of Narail and Magura district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Nabaganga River follows at the east and Fatki River at the west border of the sub-project. The total area of the subproject is 9710 ha. The total households and population was found to be 33564 and 138617respectively. The average population per village is 990. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Bamankhali Barnali it is (52.14%) male against (47.86%) female (calculated on the basis of 72321 male and 66296 female). The household size is within the range of 4.1 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. In Bamankhali Barnali the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (60.22%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 31445(93.68%) and 2119(6.32%) respectively. Out of total households, (93.96%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.38%), unmarried (1.38%), separated (0.61%) and divorced (1%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The main occupation of the households head is farming (27.57%), business (21%), service (19%), housewife (6.93%), fishermen (0.70%), fisher farmers (0.70%) and other occupation, (23%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Bamankhali Barnali is (87.90%) and illiterate is (12.1%), which is much higher than the national average (56.8%). Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (53.17%) and female literacy rate is (47%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 54% than that of male population (46%).The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (88.70%), followed by concrete roof (2%), straw roof (76.54%) and others (0.36%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The data shows that (99.81%) population drink tubewell water and (0.19%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (71.42%), followed by pucca (20.53%) and kutcha (8.05%). About 70% households neither have TV or fridge in their houses, only 2429 (7.24%) of the households heads mentioned that they belongs both TV and fridge in the houses, 17.50% mentioned that they have only TV and 5.05% mentioned that they have only fridge in their houses. The data shows that (80.47%) of the land is agriculture, followed by (15.17%) homestead, (3.70%) are wetland and remaining (0.67%) are fallow land. The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (36.57%) and their monthly average income is Tk.10796 and expenditure is Tk.11372 followed by small farmers 27.86% and their income is Tk.11913 and expenditure Tk.15001.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 28.89% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 3-4 per village.


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The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (55.11%) households are vulnerable. For assessing vulnerability status, the team members considered land, household‟s size, Occupation and income. According to the households survey about 55.11% households are vulnerable, who earn below Tk.13000 per month. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no or a small land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. The poverty district map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the district level. The map shows that about 39%-49% population of the project area are living below poverty level. To improve the poverty situation a total amount of Tk.8228000 has been allocated.

5. Chatler Fakurhat

The total households of the surveyed area of Chatler-Fakurhat is 11,500 and population is 48,300. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Chatler-Fakurhat it is 111 (calculated on the basis of 35782 male and 32015 female) which is higher than the national average. The average household size of the surveyed households is 4.2. In Chatler-Fakurhat the productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 61.72% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. Farming is the main occupation of all categories of farmers 54.31%, followed by business 2.45%, service 2.88%.The other occupation is 40.36%, which includes; daily wage laborers, fishermen, Rickshaw /van puller, Carpenter, Mason, Mechanic, Boatmen, Driver. The highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The households 21% earn monthly below Tk. 1276 are living below poverty level. Out of total poverty group 25% earn monthly below Tk. 1276 to 1497, they all are living in extreme poverty level and 26% earn monthly Tk 1498 -2243 live in lower poverty level and 29% earn monthly Tk Tk 2244 live in above poverty level. The first three groups of income belong to the below-poverty level. The fourth income group is above the poverty level which, however, according to FGD participants is not sufficient for a desired livelihood. The third group is more than the national average which is found to be sufficient for desired livelihood. If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4.5), a monthly income of more than Tk 10,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently this is not the case for the majority of the households of the sub-project. The average incidence of poverty in project area is 43.27, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area. For improving Gender situation total Tk. 4,381,300 have been allocated. 6. Horai River

The sub-project Horai River is situated in the Rajbari Sadar, Baliakandi and Kalukhali Upazila of Rajbari district. . Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub-project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub-project is 22,210 ha. This includes areas covered by LGED. Without these areas, the gross area comes to 18.600 ha. In Horai River the population was estimated to be 99,500. The population density is 534 per km2. Compared to the national average (976) the project area is not over populated. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Horai River sub-project the ratio is 1.02 (calculated on the basis of 50,248 males and 49,252 females) which is close to the national average (1.003 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011. In Horai River Sub-project the productive or 15-59 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. In Horai River female headed household was estimated 4% found. The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 61% with literate female and male ratio 1:1.14 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 57% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17. The schooling facilities and motivation of the people appeared to be the cause for such higher level of literacy rate.


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In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Horai River Sub-project only few households were found who drink contaminated water (2%). The high rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub-project area is consistent with the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011).

The survey data shows that out of the total household 49% use ring slab, 49% unhygienic and 2% use open defecation. The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 44.40%, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Rajbari is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area. A total amount of Tk.8,414,450 has been allocated for the development of the destitute and Female Headed households.

7. Daduria Kandur Beel

The sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel is situated in the Boalmari Upazila of Faridpur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub-project area. Almost 80% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of Daduria Beel is 2,686 ha and Kandor Beel 615 ha. In Daduria and Kandor Beel the population was estimated to be 15,519. The population density is 470 per square km2. Compared to the national average (976) the project area is not over populated. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Daduria and Kandor Beel it is 100.4 (calculated on the basis of estimated male 5,209 and female 5,186) which is consistent with the national average (100.3 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011). The household size is within the range of 4.2 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size 4.3 and for the district Faridpur it is 4.5. In Daduria and Kandor Beel the productive or 15-59 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non productive people. In Daduria and Kandor Beel the percentage of female and male headed household is 5% and 95% respectively. Except for the sub-project Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for the other sub-projects. However, noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled. Most households of the surveyed area use unhygienic latrines (83.22%), followed by pucca (47%) and 2% use open defecation. The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 65% with literate female and male ratio 1: 1.03 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 56.8% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17. The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 46.92, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangaldesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area. For the improvement of the livelihood of destitute and poor households, a total amount of Tk.1,969,000 have been allocated. 8. Kalidaskhali Arpara

The sub project Kalidaskhali-Arpara situated in the Shalika Upazila of Magura district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 80% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub project is 13,197 ha. In Kalidaskhali-Arpara the population was estimated to be 59,124. The population density is 448 per village Compared to national average (976) it is not over populated. This is a positive condition for project feasibility. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Kalidaskhali-Arpara the ratio is 100.7 (calculated on basis of 2,932,550 male to 2,873,426 female) which is close to national average (1.003 according to the (BBS Population Census Report 2011).


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The household size is on average 4.0 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Faridpur it is 4.5 In Kalidaskhali-Arparathe productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 62% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. In Kalidaskhali-Arparathe productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 62% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. In Kalidaskhali-Arpara subproject the percentage of female headed and male headed household is 3% and 97% respectively. The average literacy rate in the sub project area is 66%, with literate female and male ratio 1:1.13 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 56.8% with literate female male ratio 1:1.17. Except Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for any other sub project. However noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub project recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Kalidaskhali-Arpara 15% households were found who drink non pure water from pond/river. This rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub project area is below the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011). The survey data shows that out of the total household 62% use ring slab, 37% unhygienic and 1% use open defecation. %). A major portion of the households are still out of hygienic sanitation coverage. 9. Purulia Charbhatpara

The sub project Purulia-Charbhatpara is located at Ratul and Kassiani union under Kassiani Upazila of Gopalganj district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and farm related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Madhumati River follows at the north-southern side of the sub-project. According to the land survey, the gross area of the sub project is 1270 ha and net area is 1000. Almost 70% people live on farming and farm related works. The total households was found to be 4302 and population 19650 number. The average population per village is 1033.The sex ratio, defined as the number of males per 100 females is 51.16% male against 48.84% female. The household size is within the range of 4.45 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5. The number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 439 (7.42%) and 5479 (92.58%) respectively. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (81.50%), followed by concrete roof (11.60%), straw roof (6.54%) and others (0.36%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The average literacy rate of population of 5 years and above in the Purulia Charbhatpara is (89.24%) and illiterate is (10.76%), which is much higher than the national average of (56.0%) BBS, 2011. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is 51.89% and female literacy rate is 48.1%. On the other hand the illiteracy rate among the female population is higher 55.28% than that of male population 44.71%.In Purulia-Charbhatpara productive labour force or 18-60 age group of population is 60.22%. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming 32.75%, business 26.20%, service 19.96%, housewife 6.93%, fishermen 0.22%, fisher farmers 0.72% and other occupation 13.22% which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (80.0%), followed by pucca (14.18%) and kutcha (5.82%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. Out of the total land, (71.19%) is agriculture land, (23.07%) homestead land, (2.96%) pond & water body and (2.78%) is fallow land. Considering land, occupation and other assets, the survey team members assessed their vulnerability. The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about 51% households are vulnerable. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no or a small land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 51% households earn below Tk.12000 per month. For the improvement of the destitute and female headed households, a total amount of Tk. 3790000 has been allocated.The money will be spent for training and livelihood support purpose. 10. Sathla Bagda Sub-Project


Socio-Economic Survey Report viii

In Satla-Bagda the total households and population was found to be 2013 and 9563respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Satla-Bagda it is (52.38%) male against (47.61%) female (calculated on the basis of 5010 male and 4550 female). The household size is within the range of 4.7 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.7 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4. The productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (57.36%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1902(94.50%) and111 (5.50%) respectively. Out of total households, (94.19%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.12%), unmarried (1.24%), separated and divorced (0.5%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The main occupation of the households head is farming (37.55%), business (25.13%), service (19.87%), housewife (3.61%), fishermen (1.49%), fish farmers (3.23%) and other occupation, (6.3%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Satla-Bagda is (94.30%) and illiterate is (5.70%), which is much higher than the national average (56.8%). Sources, BBS: 2011. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (52.85%) and female literacy rate is (46.39%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 56.56% than that of male population (44.37%).The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (98.56%), followed by concrete roof (1.29%), straw roof (0.15%) and others (0.7%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. Most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (88.47%), followed by pucca (9.49%) and kutcha (2.04%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. Most of the houses 924 (45.94) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 18.94% have TV and 11.04% have Fridge and 24.08% have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. About (75%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture (11%) homestead (12%) are wetland and fallow land (3%). Out of the total households about (63.69%) households are vulnerable. According to the Poverty Map 2010, the area falls under poverty category (28%-38%). On the other according to the national poverty map the area falls in 43% and national poverty ranking, the area falls in category 51/64. For the improvement of the poor and vulnerable, a total amount of Tk.5904000 has been allocated. 11. Ramshil Kafulabari

In Ramshil Kafulabari the total households and population was found to be 1362 and 6308respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Ramshil Kafulabari it is (53%) male against (47.0%) female (calculated on the basis of 3344 male and 2974 female). The household size is within the range of 4.6 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.7 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4.InRamshil Kafulabari the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (57.36%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. On the other hand, according to the BBS Booklet, 2016, the district falls in 54% out of 64% and extreme poverty is 26.6% against the national average of 17%.Total 5208000 has been allocated for improvement of Gender and livelihood.

12. Tarail Pachuria

In Tarail-Pachuria the total households and population was found to be 4203 and 19963respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Tarail -Pachuria it is (55.06%) male against (46.79%) female (calculated on the basis of 10592 male and 9371 female). The household size is within the range of 4.8 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Gopalgonj it is 4.6.InTarail-Pachuria the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (58%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (58.05%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 55.11% households earn below Tk.12000 per month. Using the upper poverty line, in HIES 2016 the Head Count Rates (HCR) of incidence of


Socio-Economic Survey Report ix

poverty are estimated at 24.3% at the national level, 26.4% in rural areas and 18.9% in urban areas. While in 2010, these rates were 31.5% at the national level, 35.2% in rural areas and 21.3% in urban areas respectively. For improvement of Gender and livelihood a total amount of Tk.6,160,000 has been proposed. 13. Rajoir Kotalipara

The sub project Rajoir Kotalipara is located mostly at Gopalgonj and Madaripur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Ghagor river, Paisharhat river, Lower Kumar and Kata Kumer River are surrounded of the subproject area. The Ramnagar khal, Hasnir khal, Shadullahpur khal and other small khals falls in the connecting river.The total area of the subproject is 12000 ha. In Rajoir Kotalipara the total households and population was found to be 2082 and 9486respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Rajoir Kotalipara it is (52.74%) male against (47.25%) female (calculated on the basis of 5003 male and 4483 female). The household size is within the range of 4.56 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.5 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4. InRajoir Kotalipara the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (59%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. In Rajoir Kotalipara sub project, the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1987(95.44%) and 95(4.56%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. Out of total households, (93.08%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.23%), unmarried (2.31%), separated and divorced (0.38%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. the main occupation of the households head is farming (37.51%), business (26.03%), service (20.07%), housewife (3.48%), fishermen (1.48%), fish farmers (3.48%) and other occupation, (5.09%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Rajoir Kotalipara is (94.29%) and illiterate is (5.70%), which is much higher than the national average (72%). Sources, BBS Booklet: 2016. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (52.66%) and female literacy rate is (46.39%). Most of the households of the Rajoir Kotalipara drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (99.27%) population drink tubewell water and (0.73%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (83.22%), followed by pucca (12.62%) and kutcha (4.01%). The data shows that most of the houses 880 (42.26) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 16.13% have TV and 15.75% have Fridge and 25.86% have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. The data shows that 75%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture (12.06%) homestead (12.02%) are wetland and fallow land (0.66%). The data shows that most of the agricultural land (23.80%) falls in Kandi and lowest at Amtali (3.87%). The landless and marginal farmers are the majority of the households (61.15%) and their monthly average income is below Tk.11000 and expenditure is Tk.11596 followed by small farmers 29.84% and their income is Tk.11613 and expenditure Tk.12601.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 28.63% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition, there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 2-3 per village. If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.7), a monthly income less than Tk. 12,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Total 1415 households will receive benefit directly from the project. A total amount of Tk. 4455000 has been allocated for the improvement of the poor and Female Headed households.


Socio-Economic Survey Report 1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) financed the implementation of participatory water management projects for small-scale schemes from 1995. The project demonstrated success on improved infrastructure performance through operationalizing beneficiary participation envisaged in the government‟s Guidelines for Participatory Water Management. To extend the integrated and participatory water management to large scale FCD/I schemes, in 2005, ADB approved $20 million equivalent of a loan for the Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project (SAIWRPMP), with $12.5 million of co-financing from the Government of the Netherlands. The original Southwest project supported the establishment of participatory water management organizations (WMOs) with the inclusion of socially disadvantaged groups, integrated water resources management planning, infrastructure renovation, and coordinated support services for WMOs in the two pilot subprojects, comprising Narail and Chenchur iBeel FCD/I schemes with a total area of 57,000 hectares (ha). The original Southwest project successfully demonstrated that the participatory approach can improve the water resources management of large FCD/I scheme. The TOR describes, “This is the first success case for large schemes among several trials in Bangladesh”. Renovation of water management infrastructure in the two targeted subproject areas has been substantially completed with satisfactory achievements of anticipated targets. In total, 116 WMOs, consisting of 102 water management groups (WMGs) and 14 higher tier water management associations (WMAs) have been organized, trained and are effectively functioning in the two subproject areas. About 25,400 households are benefitting, including the socially disadvantaged groups like landless farmers and women. WMOs demonstrated visible vitalization of WMO activities in agriculture, fisheries, livestock, and collective livelihood actions. Operation and maintenance (O&M) of small structures have been handed over to WMOs, after development of O&M manuals and increasing WMOs‟ O&M capacity. Currently Asian Development Bank (ADB) has given a loan of USD 45 million (Loan No. 3302 (SF)) and the Government of the Netherlands (GON) has given a grant amounting to USD 7 million(No. 0441 (EF) to the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for undertake a project in the South West area. The Development Project Proforma (DPP) for the project was drafted in May and last recast and approved in September 2015. The Project Management Office (PMO) started its operations subsequently based on the approved recast DPP. The input of the Consultants was delayed and started in June 2017. The project is expected to end in June 2022.

2. PROJECT BACKGROUND

The project under implementation covers a total area of 84,000 hectares having a population of about 470,000 in the Districts of Faridpur, Magura, Rajbari, Gopalganj, and Jessore to be implemented by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). Other line-agencies i.e. Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and Department of Fisheries (DOF) will also play important roles. The consultant‟s services are being provided by the consortium of Royal HaskoningDHV from the Netherlands and DevCon from Bangladesh, who were also involved in phase-1 of the project. With these lessons learnt, the additional financing for the Southwest project will replicate the successful participatory water resources planning and management practices to other 9 (nine) additional subproject areas (covering 84,000 ha) in the same region of Bangladesh.The project will follow up establishment of participatory water management organizations (WMOs) with the inclusion of socially disadvantaged groups, integrated water resources management planning, infrastructure renovation, and coordinated support services for WMOs in the new subprojects.

3. ADDITIONAL FINANCING FOR THE PROJECT

It has been envisaged that the Additional Financing (AF) interventions will enhance economic growth and reduce poverty in rural areas of the selected districts through higher agricultural and fisheries production and improved sustainability of the selected FCD/I systems. The detailed project description is in Appendix-1 of the Project Administration Manual (PAM), ADB approved $45 million of the loan for the additional financing in September 2015, with the administration of $7.0 million of grants from the Government of the Netherlands (GON). The additional financing projectprovides a consultancy package for Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Consultants (ISPMC). Since the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) is the executing agency, the BWDB has recruited the Consultants package according to ADB‟s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time).

4. BASELINE SURVEY

The project is expected to enhance economic growth and reduced poverty in rural areas of the selected districts in the southwest area of Bangladesh in consonance with the last Sixth Five-Year Plan, FY2011–FY2015 of the



government. The outcome is expected to be enhanced productivity and sustainability of the selected existing FCD systems, which contributes to increasing incomes and livelihood standards of disadvantaged groups, including women.

The household‟s survey of 07 sub-projects have been completed by PMO for Feasibility study.For the remaining subproject, like Purulia Char Bhatpara and Bamankhali-Barnali, the ISPMC are responsible toconduct implemented under this additional financing project.Preparation of IWMP for two subprojects,Arol Beel & Sunamukhi-Banmander in Jessore district to be implemented by GOB under future projects. Study of potential drainage improvement in Tarail Pachuria, Sathla Bagda, Ramshil Kafulabari and Rajoir Kotalipara in Gopalganj district to be implemented by GOB under future projects.

5. PURPOSE OF THE BASELINE SURVEY

The baseline survey has been proposed for these subprojects to create baseline information on socio-economy, agriculture, fisheries and livelihood from the proposed subproject area, which has been generated baseline data for:

Project planning

Preparation of integrated water management plans (IWMPs)

Future project monitoring and evaluation for four subprojects. This will also support to prepare TOR & cost estimates for selection of a consultant for feasibility study

Involve local People‟s participation from the Planning stage of the project

6. UPDATING THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND FORMATION OF SURVEY TEAM

The Social and Gender Specialist of ISPMC updated the questionnaire in consultation with the Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Specialist. To carry out the households survey work, a team consisting of 25 well qualified and experienced enumerators and four Supervisors were involved and provided them a two days training on the household‟s questionnaire and checklist for FGD and Key Personal Interview. One day pretesting was done to confirm their understanding level.

7. DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY

Both quantitative and qualitative survey methods have been used for collecting data from the field. Quantitative survey include household survey using a structured questionnaire. In nine subproject 100% survey has been done and in five subproject 10% sample households have been covered which followed standard statistical sampling technique. A post-project survey is also planned in project DMF.The Feasibility Study of Sonamukhi Banmandar is under consideration.

Qualitative data collection used techniques like focus group discussions (FGD), key informant

FGD: This has been carried out in each of the subproject with stakeholders. A checklist has been used for

FGDs. The venue and date had been fixed in consultation with the proposed participants

Signature of the attending participants has been recordedduring the meeting

Key informant interview (KII): KIIs have been conducted with authorities such as sub-project and

government officials, NGO representatives, public representatives, etc. Separate checklist has been used

for collecting information from key personal.

8. DATA PROCESSING

A firm has been deployed to enter collected data, coding, verification, quality control and finally the analysis to facilitate the required output generation. The software „Access‟ has been used to manage the data entry.

9. SUMMARY OF DATA INPUT OF SWP

In nine subproject 100% households survey has been completed. On the other hand, the feasibility study has been done in five subprojects which will be implemented later on. So far total 2,11,704 households have been surveyed and all data have been digitized. Separate firm has been engaged for this purpose. The firm is also responsible to provide output table to the consultants as their requirement. The subprojects report are attached in the peports in 13 Appendix.



The following Table shows the subproject wise households survey have been conducted so far.

Sl. No

Name of Subproject Data Collected Data Entered Survey Completed %

1 Chatlar Fakurhat 25,470 25,470 100

2 Arol Beel 8,569 8,569 10

3 BeelSukunia 27,438 27,438 100

4 Kalidashkhali Arpara 28,022 28,022 100

5 Alfadanga Boalmari 19,175 19,175 100

6 Purulia Charbhatpara 9,096 9,096 100

7 Bamankhali Barnali 33,564 33,564 100

8 Horai River 39,665 39,665 100

9 Daduria-Kandorbeel 9,692 9,692 100

10 Tarail Pachuria 4203 4203 10

11. Sathla Bagda 2155 2155 10

12. Ramsil Kafulabari 1362 1362 10

13. Rajoir-Kotalipara 1600 1600 10

Total 210,011 210,011

Sub-Project Wise Number of Household Head of South-West Project

Sl. No. Sub-project name No. of Household Head

Male Female Total Percentage of Female Headed Households

1 Chatler Fakurhat 23773 1697 25470 6.6

2 Beel Sukunia 25634 1802 27,438 6.5

3 Alfadanga-boalmari 18245 930 19175 5.0

4 Horai river 37485 2180 39665 5.4

5 Daduria-kandorbeel 9206 486 9692 5.0

6 Kalidashkhali arpara 26540 1482 28022 5.2

7 Purulia charbhatpara 8421 675 9096 7.4

8 Bamonkhali barnali 31445 2119 33564 6.3

9. Tarail Pachuria 3971 232 4203 5.5

10. Arol beel 8224 345 8569 4.0

11 Sathla-bagda sub-project 2054 101 2155 4.6

12 Ramshil-kafulabari 1292 70 1362 5.3

13 Rajoir-kotalipara 1520 80 1600 5.0

Total 1983224 11697 210,011 5.5

10. POVERTY SITUATION

Bangladesh is a small country, 1,47,570 square kilometers in area, and 89th in the world by size. It is the most populous lower-middle income country and according to LFS (2010) contains the eighth largest population (148 million) in the world with a population density of 1028 per square kilometer (BBS 2011). The magnitude of her poverty, however, is colossal. After China and India, Bangladesh has the largest number of poor people. According to Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES 2010), population living below the poverty line was 31 percent (BBS, 2011) in 2010.With a low level of economic growth, inequitable distribution of income, high rates of unemployment, rapid growth of population and low levels of human resource development, the magnitude and depth of human deprivation are extremely high for these people.

Poverty has been a perennial problem for Bangladesh since its independence in 1971. During that period, more than 80 percent of the population lived below the poverty line which decreased to 56.7 percent (extreme poverty 41 percent) in 1991. Bangladesh has achieved significant reduction in poverty since 1990. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 (HIES 2010) shows that there has been a remarkable decline in the poverty rate from 48.9 percent in 2000 to 31.5 percent in 2010. At the same time, the percentage of chronic poor population (people living below the lower poverty line) dropped from 34.3 in 2000 to 17.6 in 2010. The depth of poverty has also declined remarkably during that period (2000-2010). In 2000, the poor on average consuming less than the basic needs consumption basket reduced from 26 percent in 2000 to 21 percent in 2010 (BBS, various issues of HIES). Poverty scenario of the project area and total Bangladesh stated

below in table.

Poverty Situation

Sl. No. Poverty Indices Faridpur Gopalgonj Magura` Rajbari Narail Bangladesh

1. Poverty Head Count Ration 10.2 20.4% 19.6 9.6 20 31

2. Poor (upper poverty time) 25.9 34.7% 30.1 21.8 7.0 17

Stakeholder’s Participation The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective



planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people”. The broader objective of stakeholder‟s participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 379 FGDs have been conducted to ensuring local people participation in planning and design stage, where 3993 persons were present. On the other hand total 361 KII have been done during the survey. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The Key Personnel were Government and NGO officials, public representatives, school teacher and local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the area.

The specific objectives of public consultation are to:

1. Create awareness of stakeholders (local people and union Parishad officials) and provide them general information of the project as a part of the project awareness campaign

2. Facilitate the local community (people) to participate in the project planning 3. Learn from the community (people) and share with them their perception of the project 4. Know people‟s suggestions from the local community (people) for solution of problems /constraints of

the project 5. Assess project impacts both positive and negative in nature 6. Explore local community‟s ideas on mitigation/minimization of negative impacts 7. Collect additional information and ideas of the project from the local community

The discussions issues were; the probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMGs and WMAs, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting. All the participants of the meetings and Key Informants are willing to participate in all stages. The following Table shows the number of FGDs and KII done so far by the survey team members.

Sl. No

Name of Subproject No. of FGD

Total Participants

No. of KII

1 Chatlar Fakurhat 25 226 28

2 Arol Beel 53 256 10

3 Beel Sukunia 25 425 35

4 Kalidashkhali Arpara SIP 52 379 41

5 Alfadanga Boalmari 30 345 30

6 Purulia Charbhatpara 10 100 10

7 Bamankhali Barnali 17 165 36

8 Horai River 40 536 40

9 Daduria-Kandorbeel 35 390 30

10 Tarail Pachuria 30 283 40

11. Sathla Bagda 41 386 40

12. Ramsil Kafulabari 11 147 11

13. Rajoir Kotalipara 10 355 10

Total 379 3993 361

The Appendix 1-13 shown the Data output of the survey.



APPENDIX- 1

SOCIO-ECONOMY, GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD

ALFADANGA-BOALMARI



1. Introduction The Southwest Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management (SAIWRPM) project is a project of Bangladesh Water Devlopment Board supported by the Asian Development Bank and the Royal Netherland Government. The overall objective of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural and fish production and creation of employment through integrated water management with active participation of the local people. The project has, therefore, given highest priority to poverty reduction in its development objective. Parallel to the focus on water management and planning it has given attention to livelihood and socio economic conditions, especially on the gender dimension of the beneficiary community. Within the project area there are households which include farmers of different categories (large, medium, small and marginal) and under-privileged groups, including women and landless people. It is important that the project will give due attention to different sections of the communities including marginalized sections so that the project benefits will flow to all sections of the community, to ensure sustainable development. The Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) under the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) started the implementation of the project (SAIWRPMP) in 2007. Under the overall framework of the project sub-projects are being implemented in Narail, Jessore and Magura districts which are expected to be completed by 2013. However, considering the needs of the country and following the request of the government, the development partners (GOB, ADB and EKN) agreed to support 7 additional subprojects located in the Faridpur and Maguara districts. Under the overall framework of SAIWRPMP feasibility studies of seven additional sub-projects are therefore undertaken by the BWDB.

The feasibility studies include the determination of the technical needs, the economic, social and environmental impact and the financial analysis of the investments to assess the projects‟ overall viability. To that extent information on the rehabilitation of the physical infrastructure, the need for capacity building of the BWDB and the beneficiary organizations (WMGs) to implement and manage the sub-projects. Data on agriculture, fisheries, environmental impact and livelihood development for poverty reduction along with consideration of gender issues have to be collected for this purpose. As part of the information collection process the project implemented Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisals (PRRAs) to collect information on socio economic key issues including gender, livelihood and poverty which are not possible to be collected through household surveys due to time and resource and time constraints. Another important character of a PRRA is that some socio economic, gender and livelihood issues especially information on income generating activities related to water management projects and the involvement of women in productive work can be assessed in a more focused way.

2. Methodology A PRRA follows several independent steps in order to collect information and facts on social, economic and technical issues of particular community and area. It includes Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Survey (KI Survey), Transect Walks and Social and Resource Mapping. To know and understand the local socio economic issues the project choose FGDs where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in a group discussions in each of the pre-selected villages. Three average sized villages from the middle and extreme two ends of the sub-project Alfadanga - Boalmari were selected as representative sample villages. The information provided and views expressed by the group members of representative villages were extrapolated to the whole sub-project.

Each group in the selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group members to provide common information and views from the group on each issue. The data /information and views of three groups from three representative villages of the sub-project were arithmetically averaged or interpreted by synthesis (in case of qualitative information and views) In addition to FGDs, the project also conducted a household survey in the selected villages which are considered representative sample villages for each additional sub-project. Socio-economic data/information on sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc. was used to analyze the socio-economic, livelihood and gender issues. 3. General Information on Alfadanga - Boalmari The sub-project Alfadanga - Boalmari is situated in the Boalmari Upazila of Faridpur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub-project area. Almost 80% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub-project is 8,011 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspects is given in Table 1.



Table 1: General Information on Sub-project

Description of information Number/ quantity

Remarks

Number of villages 76 -

Population 35,884 Project estimation

Total number of households 8,971 Project estimation

Average size of household 4 Smaller than national (4.4) and district average (4.5)

Average population per village 472 Lower than national and district average (1000)

Area (ha, gross) 8,011 -

Area per household (including home garden), ha

0.8 Consistent with national average (0.8 ha)

Percentage farmers, % 51 Consistent with national average

Source: HH Sample survey and PRRA 3.1. Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender aspects The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation. 3.2 Population and sex ratio In Alfadanga - Boalmari the population was estimated to be 35,884. The population density is 447 per km2. Compared to the national average (976) the project area is not over populated. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Alfadanga - Boalmari the ratio is 1.145 (calculated on the basis of 57,914 males and 50,538 females) which is higher than the national average (1.003 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011). 3.3Household size The household size is below 4.6 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size 4.4 and for the district Faridpur it is 4.5. 3.4 Age structure In Alfadanga - Boalmari the productive or 15-59 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non productive people. The results for are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Age groups of population

Age group % of total population

1-14 23

15- 59 61

60 and above 16

Source: Project household sample survey 3.5 Male and female headed household In Alfadanga – Boalmari no female headed household was found. No national data is available to compare the male and female household percentage of the sub- project. However, the result is consistent with other sub-projects of the project where the percentage is less than 10%. 3.6 Occupation An occupation indicates the source of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The various occupations of the work force of Alfadanga – Boalmari is presented in the bar chart and Table 3.



Source: PRRA

Figure F1: Occupation of males and females, Alfadanga - Boalmari In all occupation categories the share of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agriculture product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demand. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social recognition of this work as occupation not much progress has yet been made.

Table 3: Occupation and employment days

Name of occupation

Percentages of total sample population

Average number of employment days in a year

Male Female Male Female

Farmer 51 0.96 242 93

Fisherman 4 0 167 0

Business 6 0,48 340 308

Labour 18 1.8 289 178

Rickshaw /van puller 1.39 0 304 0

Carpenter 1. 0 279 0

Mason 0.92 0 277 0

Mechanic 0.35 0 240 0

Service (wage employment) 3.31 1.12 268 263

Boatmen 0.36 0 220 0

Driver 1.16 0 309 0

Unemployed 1.15 7 - -

The table shows that the highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The employment days in a year show that farming is probably a part-time occupation. 3.7Educational status The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 80% with literate female and male ratio 1: 1 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 57% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17. The schooling facilities and motivation of the people appeared to be the cause for such higher level of literacy rate. 3.8 Housing characteristics Except for the sub-project Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for the other sub-projects. However, noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub-project Alfadanga – Boalmari recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled. Household water supply In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Alfadanga-Boalmari no households were found who drink contaminated water. The high rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub-project area is consistent with the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011). The reasons are the large scale motivational

Male%

Female%



campaigns by the Government and NGOs for the use of pure drinking water and the availability of low cost simple technology (hand tube well) for lifting groundwater. Sanitation facilities The present situation of sanitation in the sub-project is shown in the Table 4.

Table 4: Access to sanitation

Type of Latrine Percentage of HHs

Ring slab/water sealed 63.18

Hanging/ pit (unhygienic) 35.13

Open 1.69

Source: Project HH sample survey and PRRA team observation The table shows that 63% of the households within the sub-project area are using hygienic sanitation, a figure better than the national average (51%). A major portion of the households are still out of hygienic sanitation coverage. The reason could be lack of motivation and access to public health facilities or both. 3.9 Poverty The nationally poverty is based on the measurement of calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty. This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS) The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of non food items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of non food items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area.

Table 5: Upper and Lower Poverty line for Dhaka Division

Name of Division Upper Poverty Line in Tk. Lower Poverty Line in Tk.

Dhaka Rural 1497 1276

Dhaka Urban 1793 1314

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 Following the class intervals of the upper and lower poverty line data for Dhaka rural the household monthly expenditure data for the sub-project area are presented per group in Table 6.

Table 6: Per capita monthly average expenditure Per capita

expenditure group Percentage of total

sample HH Total

% Remarks

M F

Less than TK 1276 18.32 0 18.32 As per national definition of poverty this group is extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK 1277 - 1497 23.22 0 23.22 As per national definition of poverty this group is absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 41.54 0 41.54

Source: Project PRRA in Alfadanga - Boalmari The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 41.54%, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangaldesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area. 3.10Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise an adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw vans, fishing nets and boats, pumps, power tillers etc are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc are the human asset. Both kinds of assets used to generate income build the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic needs of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income.



Information on land, skills and income were collected from Daduria and Kandor Beel through PRRAs undertaken by the project. The analysis of ownership of land and other assets are presented in table 7and 8.

Table 7: Category of land holdings/ownership Category Landholding

range Male HH Female

HH

Total % of househol

d

Estimated number of landholding HH in each category for the

whole sub-project

% of total househol

d

% of total househol

d

Total number

M-HHs in each

category

Total number F-HHs in

each category

Total number HHs in each

category

Landless HH

less than 5 decimal

24 0 24 2153 0 2153

Marginal farmer

5-49 decimal 36 0 36 3229 0 3229

Small farmer

50-249 decimal 27 0 27 2422 0 2422

Medium farmer

250-749 decimal 11 0 11 947 0 947

Large farmer

750 decimal and above

2 0 2 179 0 179

Total 100% 8971 8971

Source: Project PRRA /percentage calculated based on representative sample village data

Table 8: Livelihood asset other than land

Type of Asset Ownership range(

number)

Percentage of total sample household

Male Female

Cattle (cow-bullock/buffalo) 1-2 12.19 0

3 - 5 3.00 0

Above 5 2.13 0

Goat

1-2 16.88 0

3 - 5 2.72 0

Above 5 0,62

Poultry/duck 1-2 13.28 0

3 - 5 71.74 0

Above 5 5.54 0

Rickshaw/van 1 3.87 0

Boat 1 1.76 0

Power tiller 1 1.55 0

Pump 1 6.66 0

Shop 1 3.33 0

Others: 2.22 0

Source: Project PRRA in sample (representative) villages The table of ownership of land assets shows that the percentage of marginal farmers is the highest (36%) followed by small farmers (27%). Together they constitute 63%, meaning that a significant portion of the households in the sub-project area is marginal. About 24% of the farmers are landless owing only 5 decimal (approximately 200 m2) of homestead garden. Among them there are daily labors, traders and wage employees. In the category of landless the majority (17%) is laborer (see Table F 3). Assets other than land like cattle and poultry, rickshaw van etc. as shown in Table F 10 are also at a subsistence level. According to the FGD members the training received by the household members of sub-project area is insignificant. Large numbers of the household members acquired farming skills through field work and only a very small percentage (less than 1%) of household members have value added skills like carpentry, masonry, mechanic etc as shown in Table 3. As a part of livelihood analysis income analysis for households will provide further light on livelihood situation in sub project area. The income group and percentage of household are shown in Table 9.



Table 9: Per capita household income

capita income group Percentage of total sample household Whether this income is sufficient to maintain their

livelihood

Male HH Female

Less then Tk 1276 19 0 No

1276 to 1497 24 0 No

Tk 1498 -2243 29 0 No

Tk 2244 above 28 0 yes

Source: Project PRRA and BBS HIES Report 2010 The first two groups of income in Table F 10 belong to the below-poverty level. The third income group is above the poverty level which, however, according to FGD participants is not sufficient for a desired livelihood. The third group is more than the national average which is found to be sufficient for desired livelihood. If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4.6), a monthly income of more than Tk 10,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently this is not the case for the majority of the households of the sub-project. Gender situation The gender situation in the sub-project was assessed through PRRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Gender dimension on key issues

Sl. No

Dimension Issues Women Men

None L M H None L M H

1 Control over HHs resources (Land, Crop, Cow etc.) √ √

2 Control over water management/irrigation √ √

3 Mobility inside the community (relative, shop, group meeting etc.)

√ √

4 Mobility outside the community (market, labour, crop field, hospital, bank, fair, movie etc.)

√ √

5 Control over income generating activities √ √

6 Control over micro credit management √ √

7 Participation at the HHs Decision :

a. Decision to have new children √ √

b. Decision to undertake new economic activity √ √

c. Decision to purchase / sell of property √ √

d. Decision to children schooling √ √

e. Decision to children marriage √ √

f. Decision to buy inputs and daily essentials √ √

8 Participation at the Community Decision :

a. Participation in the Mosque / mondir committee √ √

b. Participation in village development activity √ √ √

c. Participation in school management committee √ √

d. Participation in village salish √ √

e. participation in union parishad √ √

9 Knowledge and Awareness :

a. Law related to marriage and divorce √ √

b. Law related to inheritance rights √ √

c. Legal process to torture and inhuman treatment √ √

NB : L = Low ; M = Medium ; H = High, Source: PRRA

Although in a few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government women decision making position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most social and economic respects. The gender situation in Alfadanga-Boalmari can therefore be characterized as a low women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.



3.11Social Safeguards Under the project framework social safeguard issues have been looked into following the ADB guidelines in the Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with the BWDB and relevant project staff. The issues which have been considered are resettlement, indigenous people, labour, affordability, other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land will not take place. Here are no indigenous people in this sub-project. Where labour is concerned, neither displacement or job loss for the labor living is expected. On the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed sub-project rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group‟s access to goods and services. It will not be affected by the project. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub-project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub-project. However, no negative effects are foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities as a result of project‟s rehabilitation works. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement programs.

Strategies for Livelihood Improvement, Poverty Reduction and Gender Development. The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in sub-project Alfadanga-Boalmari reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefit of proposed water management sub-project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate assets and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested as follows: Households with land from 0-49 decimal and monthly per capita income Tk. 1497 (upper poverty line). The household members to be involved with project should have a working age preferably below 50 and above 18. The head of the household should be a permanent settler in the project area. The household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing training for livelihood enhancement. He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she will undertake IGA with self finance or with micro credit from NGOs. He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub-project. Implementation arrangements Government agencies, including BWDB, may have the technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have the capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement. Some NGOs are implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. They have the required capacities to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. The program therefore should be implemented by outsourcing the development activities through appropriate NGOs working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project. Selection of appropriate activities for the program Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserves activities to be undertaken which generate income for the target group. The proposed activities are: Potential IGAs: For the sub-project area feasible IGAs with a need for initial capital and a yearly estimated income are shown in Table F12. The households to be involved with the sub-project may select IGA from this list. Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There are NGOs and MFIs in sub-project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Samity or outsourcing NGOs ) who may be linked to provide financial support Skill business and marketing training: The selected members of the households would need to have capacity to manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training need to be provided by the project through the outsourcing NGOs.



Table 11: Feasible income generating activities for Alfadanga - Boalmari

Name of opted IGA

Approximate initial capital required to

initiate business/IGA

Yearly profit rate

Approximate yearly

income

Remarks

Farming /pulse/onion/vegetable/oil seeds etc

@ Tk. 300 per decimal for 50 decimal Tk. 15000

approximately Tk. 150% (with two crops a year)

Tk. 22500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs

Milk cow rearing and beef fattening

For two calfs Tk. 20,000

approximately 75%

Tk. 15000 - do -

Seed processing & business

Tk. 20,000 approximately 100% with two times turn over in two rice seasons

Tk. 20,000 - do -

Power tiller for tilling own land and also for renting business

Tk. 70,000 Approximately 50%

Tk. 35,000 This activity may be suitable for marginal and small farmers The may get loan from NGOs/MFIs for purchasing power tiller

Rice based dry food making/puffed rice/pressed rice/sweetened rice ball etc

Tk. 10,000 Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 15,000 This is an women friendly activity and they may get loan for the activity from NGOs

Rickshaw van for carrying agro products and marketing


Tk. 18,000 For this activity loans are available from NGOs

Small scale agro product business

Tk. 20,000-30,000

Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 30,000-45000

For such activity NGO/MFI loan is available locally

Masonry and rod binding Not needed, wage based activity

- Tk. 80,000 for 200 days employment

Employment in project regulator construction and maintenance and in construction work in or around project area. this activity need skill training

Vegetable gardening Tk. 5000-8000 Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 12000 Women friendly activity for which loans are available from NGOs

Pump and power tiller mechanics

Not needed, wage based activity

Tk. 80,000 for 200 days employment

this activity need skill training

Source: Project PRRA

3.12Involvement of women in all project program: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training should be women. This is important for women empowerment and minimizing gender inequality Livelihood improvement for vulnerable households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households in Daduria and Kandor Beel. They do not posses any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability are also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number is not significant. An estimate with the help of Upazila parishad shows that their number in the (34) villages of Daduria-Kandor Beel could be approximately 50. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is needed to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind may show useful result in improving their livelihood. They project may consider to distribute among them poultry/duck or goat/sheep or Rickshaw van to generate income. Institutional arrangements through WMG



Institutional arrangements for the gender and livelihood enhancement program deserve special attention. BWDB promotes their water management program through Water Management Group (WMG) at farmer‟s level. In Alfadanga - Boalmari 15 WMGs are likely to be formed. The gender and livelihood program may be integrated with this grass root level organization for selection of beneficiaries and supportive action with outsourcing to a NGO. 3.13 Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Plan Based on strategies proposed in Chapter 6 an action plan with budget has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies.

Table 13: Action plan for gender and livelihood improvement

Target/output Main Activities Responsibilities Support Needed Time Frame

NGO for outsourcing the programme implementation selected

Select NGOs, provide ToR issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP

PMO of BWDB Financial support from PMO and technical support from relevant technical expert from consultant firm

Within 2 months project inception

897 (10% of total HH) beneficiary from poor household selected for project support

Finalize beneficiary selection criteria

PMO Relevant technical expert from consultant firm

Within a weeks after selection of NGO

Select households to be supported through KI survey from each village

NGO under the supervision of PMO and consultant

Within two months after criteria finalization

Form beneficiary group under WMG

NGO under the supervision of PMO and consult

Within two months after beneficiary selection

Orientation /training for 180 WMG committee (15) members on gender dimension /action organized

Training delivery on gender dimension

NGO/Resource person

Financial support from PMO and technical support from consultant

Within month of formation of WMG

Orientation for 30 beneficiary groups (each group 30 beneficiaries with 50% women) on gender dimension organized

Orientation of beneficiaries in groups for awareness raising on gender dimension

Partner NGO with collaboration from WMGs


Continue for 6 month after formation of beneficiary group and WMG

ToT for 30 skills, business and marketing trainers (20 skills and 10 business and marketing trainers conducted

Deliver ToT for skills and business trainers (if it is done for other sub project, not necessary for this sub project)

Resource person to / NGO in coordination with PMO

Financial support by PMO and technical support by consultant

Within 1 month after selection of skills and business trainers

Skills, business and marketing training for 897 beneficiaries (each group 30 beneficiaries with 50% women) organized

Conduct skills, business and marketing training

NGO in coordination with PMO


1 year after completion of orientation on gender dimension

Provide certificate to trainees

NGO Own initiative of NGO At the end of training

Assess post training support/financial support for starting IGA or employment linkage

NGO Own initiative of NGO Within 4 weeks after training completion

Livelihood support to 100 vulnerable/destitute households

Identify vulnerable/destitute households for support through grant with livelihood asset

NGO with WMG‟s involvement

Project grant After identification of vulnerable households

Follow up and monitoring of livelihood improvement process

PMO monitors/NGO

Own initiative of NGO Continue till end of project

3.14Budget



Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in chapter 7. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows: Per participant the costs for 2 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource persong allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics); Per participant costs for 4 days of ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (including trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost); Per beneficiary the trainee costs for an average 15 days training (included 2 day‟s orientation on gender) on skills and business training NGO service charge (including staff salary) for implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement program.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation) The basis of estimation is the rate proposed or used in Narail and Chenchuri Beel which is currently being implemented.

Table 14: Budget for gender and livelihood support program

Sl. no

Cost item description Average training

cost per participant (Tk.)

No of participants /trainees(F)

Cost (Tk)

1 Per participant cost for 2 days gender dimension orientation for 180 WMG management committee members

1,000 180(60) 180,000

2 Per participant cost for 4 days ToT (1 day gender) for skills and business trainer

Not budgeted here, ToT organized for Beel Sukunia will serve the purpose for all sub projects

- -

3 Per beneficiary trainee average 15 days Skill and business training

2,500 897 (448) 2,242,500

4 Livelihood asset support through grant in kind to vulnerable/destitute household households

5,000 100 500,000

Sub total 2,922,500

5 NGO service cost (10% of sub total 292,250

Total for GLEP 3,214,750

A detailed break down of costs for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on the implementation plan, type of skills, trade, locality and venue. Economic and Social Benefits of the Gender and Livelihood Programme. 3.15Economic benefits Undertaking wage based and self employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of the increased per capita income the poverty will decrease. This will contribute to increase per capita national income. 3.16 Social benefits Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment contribute to bring social stability, contribute to gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development in the field of education, health and culture. Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side: GFP / PMO / SMO / ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG will form a monitoring committee and will provide a quarterly report to the PMO / Project authority, copy to Gender and Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on action or implementation plan is suggested to be developed. Implementation of Gender policy In line with the national gender policy, the policies for women participation in water management have already been proposed/recommended for other sub-projects currently being implemented under this project. These policies should also be taken into consideration for promotion of gender equality in Alfadanga - Boalmari sub-project. The WMGs may be the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows:



- To establish participation of water resources operation and maintenance for women capacity building need to be stressed

- Minimum 70% poor / non poor women are always contribution of any water related program. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of any other IGA participation. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of various IGA / Skill / WMG / leader ship empowering /

capacity building / Agri based / Fish farm / O&M of water structures training. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are always contribution of WMG program. - Establish equality between men and women in all spheres of livelihood. - Ensure women‟s security in all sphere of state, society and family. - Ensure empowerment of women in the fields of politics, administration and the economy. - Financial / credit facility as per WMG activity for IGA. - 100% poverty / impoverished reduced for women participation require is always of any water resource

program. - Establish Women‟s human rights. - Develop women as educated and efficient human resources. - Free women from the curse of poverty. - Eliminate existing discrimination against men and women. - Acknowledge women‟s contribution in social and economic sphere. - Eradicate all forms of oppression on women and girls. - Establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and all

other economic activities. - Devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to

women. - Take adequate measures to ensure women‟s health and nutrition. - To ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelter for women. - Meet the needs of women especially in difficult circumstances. - Ensure security for widows, divorced, unmarried and childless women. - Reflect gender perspective in mass-media by projection positive image of women. - Provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women. - Provide support services in the advancement of women.

Strategies and an action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have been proposed in this report. Further to these, some recommendations to be followed while undertaking the gender and livelihood program are as follows:

- The approach of gender equality promotion and livelihood enhancement should be integrated within the

capacity building process of WMG management body; - WMGs are recommended to be the focal point to oversee the implementation of GLEP; - Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amounts, and the provisions in

the overall sub-project budget may therefore deserve special consideration; - Target/output proposed in the action plan may be further extended, but recommended not to be squeezed to

avoid social risks of bypassing underprivileged section of the community and gender dimension; - Employing women in operation and maintenance of water structure; there is another gender dimension to

enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women (FHH). Generally men are employed in operation and maintenance of the water structure and they get financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with men equal number of women must also be given opportunity for this activity;

- Detailed planning of GLEP is recommended to be made in coordination with other component of the sub-project.



APPENDIX- 2


AROL BEEL



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from July to September 2018 at Arol Beel Subproject. A well-qualified and experienced team comprising of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. A post-project survey is also planned in PAM/DPP. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be made to:

Measure the degree of change,

Assess the intended benefits that are likely to accrue from the project interventions and

Involve local community in project planning

The project intends to document a database as well as analyze the pre-intervention situation that may be helpful to the project to assess the changes in:

Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and

Environment 2. Data Sources and Methodology Existing Secondary Data These included the 2011 census and other reports, which provided information on area, number of population, age structure, housing condition, water and sanitation. These data have been used for cross checking information on demographic, occupational structure, educational attainment, and land holding and other socio-economic condition of the subproject area. 3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 10 FGDs were carried out under the study. In each FGD 10-15 participants were present. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. Out of total 10% households were surveyed of the project area. Key Informants Interview (KII) A total number of 13 Key Informants Interview (KII) were carried out within the subproject area with officials and knowledgeable persons. The Key persons were; Upazila and NGO officials, UP chairmen, members both male and female, teachers, Imam and other knowledge persons of the area. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview. Household Survey For quantitative information, household survey was conducted during July-September, 2018 for obtaining existing scoio-economic condition of the local people within the subproject area. About 10% households were surveyed of the subproject area. The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the computerized households data and qualitative data as well. The survey covered a total number of 8569 households. The combined questionnaires on Socio-Economic. Agriculture, Environment and Fishery survey was used for the survey. 4. General Information on Arole Beel Subproject The sub project Arole Beel is located Jeshore Sadar, Chowgacha, Kaligonj and Jhikorgacha. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and farm related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Kapatakha River follows at the north-southern side of the sub-project. But the household‟s survey data shows that the gross area is 1328. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table-1.



Table- 1: General Information on Sub Project

Description of information Number/quantity Remarks

Name of Districts 2 Jeshore and Jhenaidah

Name of Upazila 4 Jeshore Sadar, Chowgacha, Kaligonj and Jhikorgacha

Number of Unions 17 From the households survey result

Number of Villages 180 From the households survey result

Total Households 8569 From the households survey result

Total Population 35597 From the households survey result

Households Size 4.15 From the households survey result

Households depend on Agriculture

37.73 From the households survey result

Average Land per households 0.23 From the households survey result

Source: HH Sample survey



Figure 1: Base Map of Arol Beel subproject



30.85%

46.71%

16.48% 5.96%

Age structure of Surveyed Population

1 2 3 4

51.50%

49.50%

Male and Female Ratio

Male Female

4.1 Findings of the socio-economic survey This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation. 4.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Arole Beel the total households was found to be 8569 and population 35597.The average population per village is 1033. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Arole Beel it is 51.50% male against 49.50% female (calculated on the basis of 18335 male and 17262 female). The household size is within the range of 4.15 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011, population Census Report the national average household size is 4.48 and for the district of Gopalganj it is 4.6. The following table and graph shows the households, Population and Sex Ratio of the surveyed households. Table 2: Population and Sex Ratio Name of Union Total

Population Population HHs

Size Male Female No of HHs

Arabpur 3712 1886 1826 868 4.28

Chaugachha 1466 766 700 359 4.08

Chaugachha Paurasava 1540 789 751 360 4.28

Churamankati 2953 1505 1448 716 4.12

Dhuliani 1538 792 746 368 4.18

Diara 4389 2292 2097 1032 4.25

Ganganandapur 1537 788 749 364 4.22

Haibatpur 1363 707 656 337 4.04

Jagadishpur 1849 969 880 464 3.98

Jhikargachha 2054 1062 992 491 4.18

Jhikargachha Paurasava 1228 628 600 301 4.08

Kashtabhanga 159 87 72 40 3.98

Magura 2827 1478 1349 713 3.96

Pashapole 2890 1494 1396 713 4.05

Patibila 1531 777 754 353 4.34

Phulsara 3007 1526 1481 722 4.16

Singhajhuli 1554 789 765 368 4.22

Total 35597 18335 17262 8569 4.15

Source: HHs Survey, 2018, SAIWRPMP, BWDB 4.3 Age structure InArole Beel the productive labour force or 18-60 age group of population is 63.19% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 years are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Arol Beel is presented in Table-3.


Age group Percentage of total population

Number Percentage

Upto 17 10980 30.85

18- 45 16629 46.71

46-60 5867 16.48

61 and above 2121 5.96

Total 35597 100.00

Sources: Households survey, 2018



96%

4%

Male and Female Heahed Household

Male Female

95.50%

1%

2.42%

0.34%

0.33%

0.42%

Marital Status of Surveyed Households

Married Unmarried Widow

Widower Divorced Separated

4.4 Male and Female Headed Household In Arole Beel subproject the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 345 (4%) and 8224 (96%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. The result is consistent with other districts where the percentage is less than 10%. Table 4 shows that the male and female headed household of Arole Beel subproject.

Table -4: Male and Female Headed Household

Sl. No

Name of Union Total Households

Male Headed

Female Headed

1 Arabpur 868 841 27

2 Chaugachha 359 343 16

3 Chaugachha Paurasava

360 349 11

4 Churamankati 716 685 31

5 Dhuliani 368 354 14

6 Diara 1032 995 37

7 Ganganandapur 364 345 19

8 Haibatpur 337 317 20

9 Jagadishpur 464 451 13

10 Jhikargachha 491 465 26

11 Jhikargachha Paurasava

301 281 20

12 Kashtabhanga 40 38 2

13 Magura 713 684 29

14 Pashapole 713 680 33

15 Patibila 353 339 14

16 Phulsara 722 694 28

17 Singhajhuli 368 363 5

Total 8569 8224 345

Sources: Households survey, 2018 4.5 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, 95.50% are married, followed by widow/widower 2.76%, unmarried 1.00%, separated and divorced 0.75. The data shows that the widow rate is much higher 2.43% than the widower (0.33%).The following table-5 shows the marital status of the surveyed household‟s heads.

Table: 5. Marital Status

Sources: Households survey, 2018 4.6 Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming 37.12%, business 19.25%, service 14.13%, housewife 3.43%, fishermen 0.68%, fisher farmers 0.29% and other occupation 3.08% which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social recognition of this work as occupation, not much

Marital Status Number Percent

Married 8183 95.50

Unmarried 86 1.00

Widow 207 2.42

Widower 29 0.34

Divorced 28 0.33

Separated 36 0.42

Total 8569 100.0



4.11% 19.05%

14.09%

37.13%

0.29%

0.68%

3.45%

3.08% 18.13%

Occupational Structure of Households Heads

Abroad Business Day Labour

Farmer Fish Farmers Fisherman

Housewife Other's Service

93.30%

6.70%

Educational Attaintment

Literate Illiterate

24.92%

72.94%

1.52% 0.63%

Housing Status

Concrete roof CI sheet Straw and Leaf Others

progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Arole Beel is presented in the bar chart and Table 6. Table 6: Occupational Structure of the Households heads

Occupation of the HH head

Number Percent (%)

Abroad 368 4.30

Business 1664 19.25

Day Labour 1450 17.09

Farmer 3233 37.13

Fish Farmers 25 0.29

Fisherman 58 0.68

Housewife 296 3.45

Other's 264 3.08

Service 1211 14.13

Total 8569 100.0

Sources: HH survey, 2018 4.7 Educational Status The average literacy rate of population of 5 years and above in the Arole Beel is (93.30%) and illiterate is (6.70%), which is much higher than the national average of (72%) BBS, booklet 2016. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is 51.89% and female literacy rate is 48.1%. On the other hand the illiteracy rate among the female population is higher 55.28% than that of male population 44.71%.The following figure and Table 7 shows the educational status of the surveyed households.

Table-7: Educational Attainment

Source: Households Survey, 2018 4.8 Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (72.94%), followed by concrete roof (24.92%), straw roof (0.63%) and others (0.36%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-8 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Arole beel.

Table: 8 Housing Status

Sources: HH survey, 2018

Education Status (5 years and above)

Literacy Rate (%) Total %

Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 8082 24.52 7516 22.80 15598 47.32

Upto SSC/Equivalents 5684 17.24 5962 18.09 11646 35.33

Upto HSC/Equivalents 1501 4.55 932 2.83 2433 7.38

Degree & Above/Equivalents 752 2.28 324 0.98 1076 3.26

Total Literate 16019 48.60 14734 44.70 30753 93.30

Total Illiterate 1016 3.08 1192 3.62 2208 6.70

Total 17035 51.68 15926 48.32 32961 100.00

Housing Status Number Percent

Concrete roof 2135 24.92

CI sheet 6250 72.94

Straw and Leaf 130 1.52

Others 54 0.63

Total 8569 100.00



99.81%

0.19%

Sources of Drinking Water

Tubewell Ponds/Others

22.05%

73.41%

4.54%

Sanitation Status of surveyed Households

Pucca Ringslub Kaccha

34.12%

6.61% 43.96%

15.31%

Ownership of TV and Fridge

TV Fridge None Both (TV & Fridge)

4.9 Household Water Supply Most of the households of the Arole Beel drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that 99.81% population drink tubewell water and 0.19% drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Arsenic contaminated water was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. About (76.80%) respondents mentioned that the quality of water has been tested. Table-9 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households. Table-9 Sources of Drinking Water

Sources: H.H survey, 2018

4.10 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (73.41%), followed by pucca (22.05%) and kutcha (4.54%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-10. The table shows that almost (95.40%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation. Table 10: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH

Type of Latrine

Number Percent

Pucca 1889 22.05

Ringslub 6277 73.41

Kaccha 403 4.54

Total 8569 100

Source: Households survey 2018 4.11 Electricity Coverage Status Due to lack of primary data, the electricity coverage data was collected through KII and Focus Group discussion. Out of total households‟ maximum respondents answered to the question. Among them 92% HHs mentioned they have electricity connection in their houses. About 8% households have no electricity connection in their houses although there is electricity connect in their area. 4.12 Ownership of TV, Fridge in House Table -11 shows the ownership of TV and fridge of the household heads. The data shows that most of the (43%) households said that they have neither have TV or fridge in their houses, only 2924 (34.12%) of the households heads mentioned that they belongs only TV and 566 (6.61%) mentioned that they have only fridge and 1312 (15.31%) mentioned that they have both TV and fridge in the houses. Table 11: Ownership of TV and Fridge in the house


TV 2924 34.12

Fridge 566 6.61

None 3767 43.96

Both (TV & Fridge) 1312 15.31

Total 8569 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018


Number

Percent

Whether Tube-well water Quality Tested

Number

Percent

Tubewell 8555 99.84 Yes 4545 76.80

Ponds 14 0.16 No 1313 23.20

Total 8569 100.0 Total 5918 100.00



78.55%

14.87% 0.22%

6.36%

Land Type of Surveyed Households

Agricultural Homestead

Pond/water body Fish Culture

4.13 Migration There is no available data on migration from the house to house household‟s survey. It turned out from the Focus Group Discussion that the outgoing migration is occurred 5%-6% in each village in India, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Quiet, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea etc. illegally for hard work (men find work in construction and hotel and women in rich men‟s house as maid) for a year or two and return with Tk.6-7 lacs. They invest this money to construct a house or to buy other asset or to repay loan. Some of them are harassed by broker, police etc. and return penniless. Some time they remain in jail for several months. Such illegal migration is not acceptable. This could only be reduced by creating alternative employment opportunities for them within their own area. 4.14 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depends largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from 12 shows that the total land of the surveyed village is 2016 ha. Most of the land (80.70%) falls in Pashapole about 16% union followed by Phulchara about 12% and remaining 72% falls in other union. On the other hand Table-12 shows that out of the total land, (78.55%) is agriculture land, (14.87%) homestead land, (6.36%) pond & water body and (0.27%) is fallow and low land. The following Table 12 and 13 show the land type and union wise quantity of subproject area.

Table 12: Land Type of the surveyed HH

Name of Union Land Type of the Surveyed HH

Agricultural Homestead Fallow Land Water Body Total

Dec. % Dec. % Dec. % Dec. % Dec. %

Arabpur 20,074 5.13 7,163 9.67 55 4.99 2,226 7.03 29,518 5.93

Chaugachha 8,397 2.15 1,753 2.37 - 0.00 2,057 6.49 12,207 2.45

Chaugachha Paurasava 12,272 3.14 3,072 4.15 46 4.17 2,180 6.88 17,570 3.53

Churamankati 35,952 9.19 6,998 9.45 169 15.34 1,146 3.62 44,265 8.89

Dhuliani 3,318 0.85 874 1.18 - 0.00 313 0.99 4,505 0.90

Diara 32,846 8.39 6,787 9.16 204 18.51 2,259 7.13 42,096 8.45

Ganganandapur 7,503 1.92 1,568 2.12 26 2.36 864 2.73 9,961 2.00

Haibatpur 18,767 4.80 3,463 4.68 27 2.45 445 1.40 22,702 4.56

Jagadishpur 29,514 7.54 5,003 6.76 42 3.81 969 3.06 35,528 7.13

Jhikargachha 21,638 5.53 5,586 7.54 266 24.14 1,823 5.75 29,313 5.88

Jhikargachha Paurasava 3,361 0.86 1,811 2.44 - 0.00 2,537 8.01 7,709 1.55

Kashtabhanga 3,276 0.84 684 0.92 - 0.00 446 1.41 4,406 0.88

Magura 40,207 10.28 7,271 9.82 44 3.99 3,449 10.89 50,971 10.23

Pashapole 65,377 16.71 7,338 9.91 62 5.63 4,840 15.28 77,617 15.58

Patibila 21,050 5.38 3,536 4.77 19 1.72 878 2.77 25,483 5.12

Phulsara 47,942 12.25 7,252 9.79 69 6.26 2,355 7.43 57,618 11.57

Singhajhuli 19,802 5.06 3,901 5.27 73 6.62 2,894 9.13 26,670 5.35

Total 391,296 100.00 74,058 100.00 1,102 100.00 31,681 100.00 498,137 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table-13 Land Type of Surveyed H.H

Type of Land Land quantity (dec.)

Percent

Agricultural 391,296 78.55

Homestead 74,058 14.87

Pond/water body 1,102 0.22

Fish Culture 31,681 6.36

Total 498,137 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 4.15 HHS category by Land Ownership The percentage of landless farmers is the highest 44% followed by marginal farmers 36%. Medium and small farmers constitute about 18% together, while the large farmers is 2.0%. The landless farmers owning only less than below 0.49 decimal of homestead land. Landless, marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 3-4 households have been found per village. Table-14 shows the HHs category by land ownership.



44%

36%

11% 7% 2%

Households Category by Land Ownership

Landless Farmer (0.49 Dec)

Marginal Farmer (50-120 Dec)

Small Farmer (121-247 Dec)

Medium Farmer (248-500 Dec)

Large Farmer (> 501)

Table-14: HHS category by Land Ownership

HHS Category of Land Number %

Landless Farmer (0.49 Dec) 3764 44

Marginal Farmer (50-120 Dec) 3119 36

Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 918 11

Medium Farmer (248-500 Dec) 594 7.0

Large Farmer (> 501) 174 2.0

Total 8569 100

Sources: Households survey 2018 4.16 Income and Expenditure Status of Surveyed Households The survey data shows that 60.19% households earn monthly Tk.12000 and 61.55% households spend monthly Tk.12000. The following Table revealed the socio-economic status of the people of the subproject area.

Table 15: Income and Expenditure Status of Surveyed Households

Income Group Income Expenditure

Number Percent Number Percent

<Tk.6000 808 9.43 990 11.55

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 4350 50.76 4285 50.00

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 1660 19.37 2043 23.85

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 606 7.07 805 9.39

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 698 8.15 225 2.63

>Tk.28001 447 5.22 221 2.58

Total 8569 100.00 8569 100.00

Sources: Households survey 2018 4.17 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non-food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS). The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). Table 16 shows that the BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2019. If we consider the household size 4.5, the upper poverty line is Tk.12000/month and lower poverty level is Tk. below Tk.10000/per month. As the sub-project area belongs to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines are applied also for the sub-project area.


Name of Division Upper Poverty Line in BDT Lower Poverty Line in BDT

Dhaka Rural 1497, (2010)

2445 (2019)

1276 (2010)

2103 (2019)

Dhaka Urban 1793 (2010)

2773 (2019)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2019)

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2019



60.19%

39.81%

Vulneribility Status

1 2

25.40%

6.21%

59.71%

6.46% 2.22%

Households members involved in Income Generating Activities

Agriculture Fisheries Livestock

Business Others

4.18 Vulnerability of the Households Heads Considering land, occupation and other assets, the survey team members assessed their vulnerability. The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about 60.19% households are vulnerable. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no or a small land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 49% households earn below Tk.12000 per month. In addition there are some households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. The following Table-18 shows the vulnerability of the household‟s heads. Table 18: Vulnerability Status

Destitute/Vulnerable Number Percent

Yes 5158 60.19

No 3411 39.81

Total 8569 100.00


4.19 Household Heads Involved with NGOs The survey data shows that out of total surveyed households 2661 (31%) mentioned that they are involved with an NGO or with others organizations. Among them 261 (9.80%) mentioned that they received training from the NGOs Youth Department or government organizations. On the other hand out of the total respondents about (9.81%) mentioned that they received training from an organization. Table-19 shows the households involved with NGOs and training received from different organization. Table: 19 Involved with organization and Training Received

Sources: Households survey, 2018 4.20 Households Heads Involved With Different Income Generation Activities The Table 20 shows that out of total surveyed households 4721(55%) mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about (59.71%) households is involved with livestock, followed by agriculture (25.40%), business (6.46%), and fisheries (6.21%), (2.2%) in other activities. Table: 20 Involved with Income Generating activity

Household’s survey, 2018 4.21 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis

Whether NGO Members

Number Percent Training Received

Number Percent

Yes 2661 31.05 Yes 261 9.80

No 5908 68.95 No 2400 90.20

Total 8569 100.00 Total 2661 100.00

Income Generating activity

Number Percent

Agriculture 1199 25.40

Fisheries 293 6.21

Livestock 2819 59.71

Business 305 6.46

Others 105 2.22

Total 4721 100.00



therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Arole Beel through FGD, KII and households survey undertaken by the survey team members.

4.22 Gender Situation The Gender situation in sub project was assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table -21.


Sl. No






√ √

Mobility outside the community (market, labour, crop field, hospital, bank, fair, movie etc.)

√ √











a. Participation in the Mosque/mondir committee √ √




e. Participation in union parishad √ √






Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters‟ marriage etc. the position of women ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects.

Based on the previous paragraph, the gender situation in Arole Beel can be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.

Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women involvement in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women will receive skill and capacity development training from the project. The destitute and female headed households will receive cash and kind support from the project. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works. 4.23 Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. These issues are resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability, other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected. On the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group access to goods and services.



Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

4.24 Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Arole Beel reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed.

4.25 Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows:

Household with land from 0-49 decimal and monthly per capita income Tk.2445 (live poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and

above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and

marketing training for livelihood enhancement. He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self-finance with

micro credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project

4.26 Improvement for Vulnerable/Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable and female headed households, who are living in Arole Bee lsubproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 575. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distributing poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income. The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-22.

Table 22: Possible Collective Actions relating to Livelihood

SL List of Planned Collective

Activation by WMGs Members Importance of the Training No. of

Targeted Participants

01 Poultry and Duck rearing This is very easy and profitable income generating activities for poor and destitute women. The resources person can be hired from the Upazila livestock office.

60

02 Beef Fattening and Goat rearing This is short duration and profitable income generating activities for women. The resources person can be hired from the Upazila livestock office.

36

03 Production of Gutty Urea This is profitable income generating activities for poor and destitute women. The resources person can be hired from the District/Upazila Agriculture Extension office.

25

04 Vermin Compost This is profitable income generating activities for poor and destitute women. The resources person can be hired from the District/Upazila Agriculture Extension office.

25

05 Homesteading Gardening This is very easy and profitable income generating activities for poor and destitute women. The resources person can be hired from District/Upazila Agriculture Extension office.

72

06 Sewing and Tailoring

The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office or Private skill person.

12

07 Cain and Bamboo Products & Handicrafts/Cap Making

The resources person can be hired from the Upazila Department of Women Affairs office.

10

08 Food driving, Process & Preservation

Fish Drying, processing and marketing. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office.

2

09 Bakery making, processing & Marketing

Cake, Chanacur, Potato Chips. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office.

12

10. Bee Keeping This is short duration training. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office.

15

11. Fish Culture A small Group of women can cultivate fish in a collective way 20



4.27 Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement.

To cope with the situation the Executive Agency BWDB recruited 120 Community Facilitators (CF) and 20 Senior Facilitators (SF) for implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. Different trainings are being provided to them to develop their capacity to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. 4.28 Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows

Per participant cost for 3 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource person allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics)

Per participant cost for 4 days ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (include trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)

Per beneficiary trainee cost for an average 15 days training (included 2 day‟s orientation on gender) on skills and business training.

Livelihood asset support through grant in kind to vulnerable/destitute 600 household in average Tk.6000 The PMO staffs will implement the gender and livelihood enhancement program.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation

The basis for estimation is the rate proposed or used for other sub projects of this project currently being implemented.

Table 23: Budget for Livelihood and Gender Support at Arole Beel Sub Project

Sl. No Cost item description Cost (Tk.) Total cost for each

item/activity (BDT)

Remarks

# of Batch No of participants /trainees(F)

3 days gender dimension orientation for 10 WMG management committee members. 6 persons from each WMG (100. 25 persons will be in one batch.

4 batch x 25 persons x 3 days

100 100*500 *3 150000 Include all costs

3 days leadership training for 100 participants in batch

4 batch x100 personsx3 days

100 100*500*3 150000 Include all costs

Total 15 persons will receive average 15 days skill and business development training 0n tailoring

1 batch 15 persons 15 days

15 15*8000 120000 Include all costs

Training on goat and cattle rearing, 3 days (4 batch) 100 persons



Training on Poultry Rearing 3 days (4 batch)



3 days Homestead Gardening (4 batch) 100 persons

4 batch x 100 100 100*500*3 150000 Include all costs

Sub Total 330 870000

Livelihood asset support (Duck/Goat/Sewing Machine to the vulnerable/destitute household

600 6000 300000

Include all costs

730 3870000

Miscellanies 300870

Total 4170870

Detail break down of cost for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills/ trade, locality and venue.



4.29 Economic and Social Benefit of the Livelihood and Gender Program a. Economic Benefit:

Undertaking new wage based and self-employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of increased per capita income poverty will reduce. This will contribute to increase per capita national income. b. Social Benefit:

Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with poverty. The increased income and new employment will bring social stability. Gender empowerment will make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development. 4.30 Conclusion and Recommendation It is concluded that poverty and gender situation in the project area are worse than national average. It is concluded that poverty and gender situation in the project area are worse than national average. For improvement of social aspects within Arole Beel Subproject further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.1), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values. But the figures on poverty, gender and livelihood issues justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process. In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRA team believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management subproject of Arole Beel Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations to be focused during implementation are as follows:

Target/output proposed in the action plan may be further extended, but recommended not to be squeezed to avoid social risks of bypassing the underprivileged section of the community and gender dimension;

Employing women in operation and maintenance of the water infrastructure; that is another gender dimension to enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women (FHH). Generally men are employed in operation and maintenance of the water control structures and they get the financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with men equal number of women must also be given the opportunity for this activity;

Detail planning of GLEP are recommended to be made in coordination with other components of the sub project.

Appendix-I Stakeholder’s Participation

The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people”. The broader objective of stakeholders participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 10 FGDs and 13 KII were conducted at Arore beel July to September 2018. Total 100 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 33 (33%) were women. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure,



formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting.


Create awareness of stakeholders (local people and union parishad officials) and provide them general

information of the project as a part of the project awareness campaign

Facilitate the local community (people) to participate in the project planning

Learn from the community (people) and share with them their perception of the project

Know people‟s suggestions from the local community (people) for solution of problems

/constraints of the project

Assess project impacts both positive and negative in nature

Explore local community‟s ideas on mitigation/minimization of negative impacts

Collect additional information and ideas of the project from the local community

Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior Facilitator and Community Facilitator of PMO conducted the FGD and KII. The Key Personnel were Public representatives, school teacher, local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the subproject area. The following is the list KII with date:



List of FGD and Participants

List of Key Persons

Sl. No. Name of Place Date Participants

Male Female Total

1. Purulia 0.01.2019 5 5 10

2. Shajail 05.01.2019 10 0 10

3. Charbatpara 11.01.2019 9 1 10

4. Tuku Bazar 12.01.2019 10 0 10

5. Kusumdia 15.01.2019 8 2 10

6. Vadulia 16.01.2019 5 5 10

7. Ratail 22.01.2019 3 7 10

8. Pingulia 23.01.2019 7 3 10

9. Horidaspur 22.01.2019 5 5 10

10. Puna 22.01.2019 5 5 10

Total 67 33 100

Sl. No.

Name of Key Person Designation Phone Number

1. Mr. A.S.M Mainuddin UNO, Kashiani Upazila 01711859993

2. Mr. Jakir Hossain Agriculture Officer, Kashiani 01712211273

3. Mrs. Farzana Khan, Sonia Upazila Women Affairs Officer 01716484476

4. Md. Osman Ali Village Doctor 017337708

5. Md. Zahidul Islam Teacher 01923757558

6. Md. Moajjam Hossain Village Leader 01712762038

7. Md. Nazimuddin Village Leader 01911263960

8. Md. Chan Miah Freedom fighter 019337817

9. Md. Montu Shekh Business 01757517012

10. Md. Ayub Ali Farmer 0172702082

11. Md. Faruk Hossain Imam 0170327593

12. Md. Nazrul Islam Village Doctor 0172602970

13. Ratna Begum House Wife 01952518260



APPENDIX-3


BAMANKHALI BARNALI



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from July to September 2018 at Bamankhali Barnali. A well-qualified and experience team consisted of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database of the project sites using some specified indicators and parameters so that comparative analysis could be made to:

Measure the degree of change, and




Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and

Environment

2. Data Sources and Methodology Existing Secondary Data These included the 2011 census and other reports, which provided information on area, number of population, age structure, housing condition, water and sanitation. These data were also used for cross checking information on occupational structure, educational attainment, and land holding and other socio-economic condition of the subproject area. 3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 15 FGDs and 15 KII were carried out under the study. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards, and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. Almost all (100%) households were surveyed of the project area. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data and qualitative data as well. Key Informants Interview (KII) The key Informants interview was held in each Upazila with the concerned officials and knowledgeable persons in the project area, like NGO personnel, concerned Upazila, BWDB and LGED officials. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview. 4. Household Survey For quantitative information, a baseline survey was conducted during July-September, 2018 for obtaining existing scoio-economic condition of the local people within the project area. Almost all (100%) households were surveyed of the project area. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data and qualitative data as well. The survey covered a total number of 33564 households. 5. General Information on Bamankhali Barnali Sub-Project

The sub project Bamankhali Barnali is located at Magura Sadar, Narail Sadar and Shallikha Upazila of Narail and Magura district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Nabaganga River follows at the west and Fatki river at the west side of the sub-project. The total area of the sub project is 2250 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table 1.



Table 1: General Information on Sub Project


Name of Districts 2 Field Survey Report

Name of Upazila 3 Magura Sadar, Narail Sadar and Shallikha

Name and number of Unions 11 Birail Palita, Chaulia, Gangarampur, Gopalgram, Habakhali, Jagdal, Kuchiamora, Magura Paurasava, Maij Para, Sahabad and Satrujitpur

Number of Villages 140 Field Survey Report

Total Households 33564 Field Survey Report

Total Population 138617 Field Survey Report

Households Size 4.13 Field Survey Report

Status of Electricity (95%)

Source: HH Sample survey 5.1Findings of the socio-economic survey This section deals primarily with the clientele or the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation. 5.2Population and Sex Ratio In Bamankhali Barnali the total households and population was found to be 33564and 138617 respectively. The average population per village is 990. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Bamankhali Barnali it is (52.14%) male against (47.86%) female (calculated on the basis of 72321 male and 66296 female). The household size is within the range of 4.1 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Faridpur it is 4.5.The following table and graph shows the households, Population and Sex Ratio of the surveyed households.

Table-2 Households and population

Name of Union Total Population

Population HHs Size Male Female No of HHs

Birail Palita 13552 7066 6486 3296 4.11

Chaulia 15247 7986 7261 3703 4.12

Gangarampur 11451 5947 5504 2778 4.12

Gopalgram 10908 5711 5197 2685 4.06

Habakhali 12466 6456 6010 2928 4.26

Jagdal 19443 10072 9371 4714 4.12

Kuchiamora 24000 12534 11466 5805 4.13

Magura Paurasava 6506 3430 3076 1597 4.07

Maij Para 7221 3842 3379 1697 4.26

Sahabad 2614 1367 1247 622 4.20

Satrujitpur 15209 7910 7299 3739 4.07

Total 138617 72321 66296 33564 4.13

`Households survey, 2018



34.14%

46.80%

12.42% 6.64%

Age Structureof Surveyed population

Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

93.68%

6.32%

Male Headed and Female Headed Households

Male Headed Female Headed

5.3 Age structure In Bamankhali Barnali the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (60.22%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Bamankhali Barnali is presented in Table 3. Table-3 Age groups of population

Source: Project HH sample survey 5.4Male and Female Headed Household In Bamankhali Barnali sub project the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 31445 (93.68%) and 2119(6.32%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%.

Table4: Male and Female Headed Household

Household survey, 2018 5.6 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, (93.96%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.38%), unmarried (1.38%), separated (0.61%) and divorced (1%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The following graph and table shows the marital status of the surveyed households.


Number Percentage

Upto 17 47130 34.00

18- 45 64055 46.21

46-60 18897 13.63

61 and above 8535 6.16

Total 138617 100.00

Sl. No

Name of Union Total Households

Male Headed (6.32%)

Female Headed (93.68%)

1 Birail Palita 3296 3119 177

2 Chaulia 3703 3455 248

3 Gangarampur 2778 2587 191

4 Gopalgram 2685 2574 111

5 Habakhali 2928 2730 198

6 Jagdal 4714 4361 353

7 Kuchiamora 5805 5475 330

8 Magura Paurasava 1597 1487 110

9 Maij Para 1697 1605 92

10 Sahabad 622 542 80

11 Satrujitpur 3739 3510 229

Total 33564 31445 2119



94.0%

1.0%

4.0%

0.30% 0.61%

Marital Status

Married Unmarried

Widow/Widower Divorced

Separate

55.11% 44.89%


Yes No

18.09%

32.42%

0.66% 0.16% 6.02%

25.87%

16.78%

Occupational Status

Business Farmer Fishermen

Fish-farmers Housewife Others

Service

Table:5 Marital Status

Sources: HH survey, 2018 5.7 Destitute/Vulnerable The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (55.11%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 55.11% households earn below Tk. 13000 per month. Table 6 shows the vulnerable status of the sub project area. Table: 6 Destitute/Vulnerable

Sources: HH survey, 2018 5.8 Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming (27.57%), business (21%), service (19%), housewife (6.93%), fishermen (0.70%), fisher farmers (0.70%) and other occupation, (23%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social re cognition of this work as occupation not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Bamankhali Barnali is presented in the graphs and Table -7.Table -7 Occupational Structure of the working age group (18 years and above) Table -7 Occupational Structure of the working age group


Number Percent (%)

Business 6073 18.09

Farmer 10882 32.42

Fishermen 221 0.66

Fish-farmers 54 0.16

Housewife 2020 6.02

Others 8683 25.87

Service 5631 16.78

Total 33564 100.01



Married 31432 93.65

Unmarried 345 1.03

Widow 1303 3.88

Widower 168 0.50

Divorced 110 0.33

Separate 206 0.61

Table 33564 100.00


Yes 18498 55.11

No 15066 44.89

Total 33564 100.00



99.81%

0.19%



87.90%

12.10%

Literacy Status

Literate Illiterate

8.50%

88.70%

2.22% 0.59%

Housing Status

Concrete roof CI sheet

Straw and Leaf Others

5.9 Educational Status The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Bamankhali Barnali is (87.90%) and illiterate is (12.1%), which is much higher than the national average (56.8%). Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (53.17%) and female literacy rate is (47%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 54% than that of male population (46%).The following figure and Table-8 shows the educational status of the surveyed households. Table-8: Educational Attainment


Literacy Rate (%) Total Percent

Male (53%) Female (47%)

No % No %

Upto V 33995 26.81 31267 24.66 65262 51.48

Upto SSC/ Equivalent 16519 13.03 16549 13.05 33068 26.08

Upto HSC/ Equivalent 5292 4.17 2911 2.30 8203 6.47

Degree & above/ Equivalent 3451 2.72 1461 1.15 4912 3.87

Total Literate 59257 46.74 52188 41.16 111445 87.90


Total 66323 52.31 60460 47.69 126783 100.0

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 5.10 Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (88.70%), followed by concrete roof (2.22%), straw roof (6.54%) and others (0.36%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table 9 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Bamankhali Barnali para. 5.11 Household water supply Most of the households of the Bamankhali Barnali drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (99.81%) population drink tubewell water and (0.19%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. In regards to the quality tested of drinking water about (76.80%) mentioned that the quality of water has not been tested. Table 10 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households. Table: 10 Sources of Drinking Water & Water quality tested


Number Percent Water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Tube well 33405 99.53 Yes 25372 75.59

Ponds 159 0.47 No 8192 24.41

Total 33564 100.00 Total 33564 100.00

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 5.12 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (71.42%), followed by pucca (20.53%) and kutcha (8.05%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-11. The table shows that almost (80%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation.



80.47%

15.17%

0.67%

3.70% Percentage of Land of sub-project Area


20.53%

71.42%

8.05%

Sanitation Status

Pucca Ring-Slab Kutcha/Unhygenic

17.50%

5.05%

70.21%

7.24%

Households Assets


Table: 11 Type of Latrine

Type of Latrine Number Percent

Pucca 6891 20.53

Ring slub 23970 71.42

Kaccha/Unhygienic 2703 8.05

Total 33564 100.00

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 Table -12 TV, Fridge in House

Housing Status

Number Percent

TV 5875 17.50

Fridge 1695 5.05

None 23565 70.21

Both (TV & Fridge)

2429 7.24

Total 33564 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 5.13 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depend largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from 11 shows that (80.47) of the land is agriculture, followed by (15.17%) homestead, (3.70%) are wetland and remaining (0.67%) are fallow land. The data shows that most of the agricultural land (23.51%) falls in Kuchiamara union and lowest at Shahabad union (1.82%). The following table. 13 and 14 shows the land type and union wise quantity of land within the subproject area.

Table– 13: Union wise quantity of land and land type of the surveyed area

Name of Union

Land Type of the Surveyed HH



Birail Palita 196,787 10.20 38,173 10.49 5,481 34.35 8,409 9.48 248,850 10.38

Chaulia 107,710 5.58 32,271 8.87 381 2.39 11,150 12.57 151,512 6.32

Gangarampur 180,835 9.37 42,521 11.69 1,460 9.15 9,319 10.51 234,135 9.76

Gopalgram 151,622 7.86 24,915 6.85 399 2.50 4,887 5.51 181,823 7.58

Habakhali 171,689 8.90 40,913 11.25 2,845 17.83 4,725 5.33 220,172 9.18

Jagdal 260,477 13.50 50,222 13.81 1,626 10.19 15,017 16.94 327,341 13.65

Kuchiamora 453,761 23.51 57,028 15.68 1,150 7.21 14,292 16.12 526,231 21.94

Magura Paurasava 43,678 2.26 10,142 2.79 90 0.56 4,955 5.59 58,865 2.45

Maij Para 154,113 7.98 23,210 6.38 1,237 7.75 7,462 8.42 186,022 7.76

Sahabad 35,215 1.82 7,876 2.17 256 1.60 761 0.86 44,108 1.84

Satrujitpur 174,187 9.02 36,477 10.03 1,032 6.47 7,697 8.68 219,393 9.15

Total 1,930,074 100.00 363,747 100.00 15,957 100.00 88,674 100.00 2,398,451 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table- 14 Land Type of Surveyed H.H


Type of Land Land quantity (dec.) Percent

Agricultural 1,930,074 80.47

Homestead 363,747 15.17

Fallow Land 15,957 0.67

Water body 88,674 3.70

Total 2,398,451(9710 ha.) 100.00



5.14 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty. This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS). The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. the lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 k cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBs set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their household income expenditure survey. As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area.




2315 (2018)

1276 (2010)

1973 (2018)


2773 (2018)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2018)

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2018 5.15 Poverty Status of Male and Female Headed Households The average incidence of poverty in project area is 51.3%, the figure is higher than the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangladesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38%-48%. A more than average rural poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area.

5.16Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Bamankhali Barnali through PRA and households survey undertaken by the survey team members. The analysis of ownership of land is presented in Table 16. Table 16. Category of land holdings/ownership in sub project

Category & Landholding range

Total Households

Percentage Male Headed (93.68%)

Percentage Female Headed (6.31%)

Percentage

less than 5 decimal 9698 28.89 8922 28.37 776 36.62

5-49 decimal 12296 36.63 11471 36.48 825 38.93

50-249 decimal 9350 27.86 8918 28.36 432 20.39

250-749 decimal 2032 6.05 1955 6.22 77 3.63

750 decimal and above 188 0.56 179 0.57 9 0.42

Landholding range 33564 100.00 31445 100.00 2119 100.00

Sources: Households survey, 2018 5.17Monthly Income and Expenditure Status The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (36.57%) and their monthly average income is Tk.10796 and expenditure is Tk.11372 followed by small farmers 27.86% and their income is Tk.11913 and expenditure Tk.15001.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 28.89% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 3-4 per village.



31.05%

7.10% 35.24%

16.47%

10.14%

Population Involved in Income Generatin Activities


Business Others

If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.1), a monthly income less than Tk. 13,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The data shows that the income and expenditure of the landless and marginal farmers is more than two times less than that of medium and large farmers. The table-17 shows the average monthly income and expenditure of the surveyed households.

Table: 17Average Monthly Income and Expenditure

Households Category Percent Average Monthly Income

Average Monthly Expenditure

Landless HH (less than 5 decimal) 28.89 9241 10658

Marginal farmer (5-49 decimal) 36.57 10796 11372

Small farmer (50-249 decimal) 27.86 11913 12801

Medium farmer (250-749 decimal) 5.05 16023 18821

Large farmer (750 decimal and above) 1.63 22691 25883

Total 100.00 14132 15887

Household‟s survey, 2018 5.18 Household Heads Involved with NGOs The survey data shows that out of total working population 33564, a total number of 8335 (25%) mentioned that they are involved with the NGO or with others organisations. Among them 840 (10%) mentioned that they received training from an NGO, Youth Department or government organization. On the other hand, out of the total respondents about 16103 (47%) mentioned that they are involved with more than one income generating activities within their vicinity.

Table: 18 working population Involved with organization and Training Received

Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 8335 24.83 Yes 840 10.08

No 25229 75.17 No 7495 89.92

Total 33564 100.00 Total 8335 100.00

Household‟s survey, 2018 Table 18 shows that out of total working population 31% mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about 35.24% households involved with livestock, followed by agriculture 31.05%, business 16.47% fisheries 7.10% and other 10.14% activities. Table: 19 shows the involvement of working population Income Generating activity at Bamankhali Barnal subproject. Table: 19 Involved with Income Generating activity

Household’s survey, 2018 5.19 Gender Issue The Gender situation in Bamankhali Barnali therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women engaged in the project construction and O & M works would used their earnings in income generating activities. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge


Number Percent


Fisheries 1144 7.10


Business 1042 16.47

Others 586 10.14

Total 16103 100.00



and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works. 5.20 Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement. To cope up the situation the Executive Agency BWDB recruited 100 Community Facilitators (CF) and 20 Senior Facilitators (SF) for implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. Different training are being provided to them to develop their capacity to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. 5.21Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Chapter 6. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows




NGO service charge (including staff salary) for implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement programme.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation


Table 20: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Bamankhali Barnali Sub Project

Sl. No

Cost item description

Average orientation or

training cost per participant or trainees (BDT)


Total cost for each

item/activity (BDT)

Remarks


1000

108 (36) 108,000 Include all costs


Not needed, ToT organized for will serve the purpose for all sub project

- - Include all costs


2500 1150 (575) 2,875,000 Include all costs


5000 200 1,000,000 Include all costs

Total 3,983,000




APPENDIX- 4


BEEL SUKUNIA SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction Parallel to the focus on water management and planning, attention to livelihood and socio- economic conditions

and especially the gender situation of the beneficiary community was given. The project area is populated by

farmers (in different categories: large, medium, small and marginal) and underprivileged groups including women

and landless people. It is important that the project gives adequate attention to these different sectors, including

margined sections, thus securing the flow of project benefits to all sections of the community.

As a part of the information collection process the project has planned for PRRA (Participatory Rapid Rural

Appraisal) to obtain information on key socio-economic issues including gender, livelihood and poverty. Another

important aspect of PRRA is that some socio-economic, gender and livelihood issues, especially information on

income generating activities related to the main project activity of water management and involvement of women in

productive work, can be focused properly.

2. Methodology The most important techniques of a PRRA are Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Surveys (KI

Survey) and Transect Walk and Social and Resource Mapping. These are common and reliable approaches to

collect information and to gather the people. To know and understand the local socio economic issues, the project

choose FGD where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in a group

discussion in each selected village. Three average sized villages were selected as representative samples.

Information provided and views expressed by the group members of these villages are applied for the whole SP.

Each group in the selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group

members to provide common information and views.

In addition to FGD (PRRA), the project also conducted household surveys in these selected villages. Some of the

socio-economic data/information (sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc.) were taken from these surveys

to analyze socio-economic, livelihood and gender issues.

3. General Information on Beel Sukunia The SP Beel Sukunia is situated under Faridpur Sadar, Nagarkanda and Shalta Upazilas, where agriculture (80%)

forms the principle livelihood. From the district and Upazila centers, the sub project area is well provided with paved

roads and people mobility is visible from villages in the area. The total area of the sub-project is 9,681 ha. Some

general information on villages and demographic aspects is given Table 1.




Population 84,438 -

Number of households 18,764

Average size of household 4.5

Consistent with the national and district average

Average population per village 1,668

Area (ha) 9,681

Area per household (ha) 0.30

Source: HH Sample survey and PRRA

The figures show that the general condition of the sub project is quite consistent with the national average in terms

of household density, household size and the average number of households per village.

3.1 Socio-economy, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of the Sub Project Beel Sukunia Information and data have been collected on population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household,

age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other

livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income

generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation. The data were analyzed quantitatively and

qualitatively.

3.2Population and Sex Ratio In Bangladesh, the average population density per square kilometer is 976. This is one of the highest densities in

the world. For this reason Bangladesh is considered as an overpopulated country and such over-population

pushes pressure on its natural resources including agriculture land and underground water. In Beel Sukunia, the

population was estimated to be 84,438 giving a density of 872 per scare kilometer. Compared to the nation‟s

average density it is not overpopulated and thus suitable for development actions.



The sex ratio: for social stability, the desired ratio should be very close to (or below) 100. In Bangladesh, the

national average sex ratio is 100.3 (BBS Population Census Report 2011) meaning an almost equal number of

males and females. In Beel Sukunia, it is also 100.3 (71,858 male and 71,599 female). 3.3 Household size Information on household size is within the range of 4-5 people per family. In joint families, it may be more than 5, but in that case, the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately larger. The average household size in the sub project was estimated to be 4.5. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report, the national average household size is 4.3 and 4.5 for the Faridpur district. Therefore household size in the sub project area is consistent with the national survey data.

3.4 Age structure The age structure of a population is important to analyze its current productivity. Generally children below 15 and adults above 60 years of age are considered nonproductive. Figures for productive and nonproductive age groups for the population of Beel Sukunia are minors under 15 : 32%, adults between 15 and 59 : 62.69% and 7.31% of the population is over 60 years of age. 3.5 Male and Female Headed Households The ratio of male and female-headed households is an important aspect of socio economic and gender perspective of a society. It influences the vulnerability, family bindings, child security, and incidence of poverty, social inequality, injustice and overall instability. In Beel Sukunia the percentage of female and male-headed households is 6.5% and 93.4% respectively. No national data is available to compare the male and female household division in the SP. However compared to other SP‟s where the percentage is less than 10% (source: Report of project implementation plan) the percentage of female-headed households (6.4) in Beel Sukunia poses no significant social risk or threat for undertaking this development project.7 3.6 Occupation Occupation indicates sources of income from work, time spent in work as well as the social position. In the context of this water management project occupations of a society need examination. For example in an area and community with an insignificant number of farming people a water management project may not be feasible. Occupation for the community of Beel Sukunia is demonstrated by the bar chart below and presented in Table 2.

In all occupations the proportion of women is extremely low, because they are occupied in running their household, agriculture product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening, thus providing an income or income-substitution to meet the needs of household demand. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official or social recognition of this work as occupation has not yet been made. This work contributes to the overall gross domestic product of a country and national income. Social and official recognition will not only increase the productivity of this work, it will also contribute to empower women and upgrade their status in the family and society.



Table 2: Occupation

Occupation Number Percentage of total sample population

Average number of worked days per year

Male Female


Farmer 16 0.97 240 90

Fisherman 8 1 160 73

Business 5 0.46 340 310

Labor 16 1.3 293 183

Rickshaw 1.75 0 290 0

Carpenter 0.92 0 275 0

Mason 0.85 0 272 0

Mechanic 0.22 0 250 0

Service (wage employment)

4 1.20 260 260

Boatmen 0.21 0 320 0

Driver 1.12 0 300 0

Others (specify) - - - - - -

Source: Project PRRA. The table shows that most people are employed in agriculture and labor categories, also the related employment days are significant. These indicate that a water management project may be worthwhile.

3.7 Educational Status The degree of illiteracy is an indication for the educational status. According to the survey the average literacy rate in the SP area is 52.4%. The male and female division is 53% and 52.6% respectively. The national average figures for rural the literacy rate (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)) is 51.8%; male 54.39% and female 49.16% respectively. The sub project literacy rate - although not exactly equal - is therefore consistent with the national average. In the sub project bith male and female literacy rates are almost equal, which gives an indication of the social development of the women. The literacy rate is a social indicator that contributes to awareness raising adaptation of development intervention in a community. In Beel Sukunia a modest literacy rate exists, which makes the social environment receptive to adaptation of the development intervention.

3.8 Housing Characteristics Housing characteristics provide an indication for the standard of living and as well as the social position of a household. Households with a small, weak or thatch house structure are considered as a marginalized section of a society. Housing characteristics of Beel Sukunia are presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Main Housing Characteristics of HH

Type of house structure Percentage

Brick walled with concrete roof (pacca) 7.00

Brick wall with C I sheet roof (semi pacca) 38.56

Bamboo fence/mud wall with CI sheet roof (bamboo/mud+CI) 53.68

Thatch 0.71

Source: Project household sample survey

Table 3 shows that most of the houses have brick walls with CI sheet roofs or bamboo walls with CI sheet structure.

Brick walls with concrete roofs are more expensive than the other types of structure that only the wealthy rural

people can afford. The other two types are also modest in a rural environment and therefore socially acceptable. In

Beel Sukunia almost 92% of the households can afford a socially acceptable housing structure and this therefore

contributes to create a suitable social environment for project intervention.

3.9 Household Water Supply A large share (87%) of the household drinking water supply comes from underground sources pumped by hand by

tube wells. Besides this there is also a pipe water supply with purified water. This however is only 7% and the rest

are other sources like surface water from ponds and rivers. Both tube well and pipe water are safe unless it is

contaminated with an unacceptable arsenic level that however could not be verified through household surveys. A

satisfactory level of safe household water supply is observed in Beel Sukunia.



3.10 Sanitation Facilities The sanitation facilities for discharging human waste are an important element for a healthy and hygienic

environment. Over the last decades, the use of sanitary/water sealed latrines has increased tremendously in

Bangladesh as a whole and in the SP area as well. The present situation of sanitation facilities is shown the table 4.

Table 4: Access to Sanitation of the HHs in the SIP area

Source: Project HH sample survey.

As hanging pits and total lack of latrines are considered unhygienic, the above table shows that in a significant

(almost 86%) percentage of the households hygienic latrines are used, which indicates a healthy environment for

household and the society. The achievement in using hygienic sanitation facilities is consistent with the national average of 83%. For the last two decades public campaign through media, demonstrations, social advocacy and an awareness raising program, together with the supply of hygienic latrine by GOs and NGOs made such a tremendous achievement possible.

3.11 Poverty Poverty is a chronic social and economic problem of Bangladesh. Almost one third of the population lives in poverty

or below poverty level. This disturbs the social harmony and stability and creates pressure on development and

economic growth. The evolution of poverty follows a social marginalization process. The process involves many

interacting elements to push the process forward. Deprivation from education, lack of skills, lack of proper wages

for labor, social prejudice of keeping the women inside the house, no or very limited access to health services and

economic and financial barriers for owning assets (land/cattle etc.), and no or limited employment opportunities are

some of the important elements that fuel the social process of poverty to continue. In Bangladesh the costs for food

for a daily nutritional requirement added to the average costs for bare necessities (such as clothes or medicine etc.)

are used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept upper and lower lines were

established in 2010 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

The upper poverty line lies at a total intake of 2122 Kcal per household, the lower poverty line at 1810 Kcal. People

with an intake between 1810 and 2122 Kcal are considered moderately poor while people living below the lower

poverty line are extremely poor. BBS sets the poverty lines for six divisions based on Household Income

Expenditure Surveys (HIES). Table 5: Upper and Lower Poverty line for whole Dhaka Division


Dhaka Rural 1,497 1,276

Dhaka Urban 1,793 1,314

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010

As the sub project area is a part of the Dhaka division, these upper and lower poverty lines apply for the sub project

area. For a poverty analysis in Beel Sukunia the PRRA expenditure data were compared to the figures of the rural

area of the Dhaka Division. The monthly expenditure data per household for the Beel Sukunia area is presented in

Table 6.

Table 6: Monthly average expenditure for households

Per capita expenditure group

Percentage of total sample HH

Total percentage Remark

M F

Less than TK 1276 15.30 3.90 19.20 extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK 1277 to 1497 23.22 3.00 26.22 absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 38.52 6.90 45.42

Source: Project PRRA in Beel Sukunia

The analysis in Table F6 was made based on poverty lines for the Dhaka division and information on expenditure

received through FGD of PRRA at Beel Sukunia. The analysis shows that the average incidence of poverty in

project area is 45.42, a figure consistent with the national figure shown in the poverty map of Bangladesh (ref: BBS

website poverty map). The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. The poverty incidence for the district

Latrine Type Percentage of HHs

Sanitary / full concrete 26.65


Hanging/ pit (unhygienic) 12.51

Open 1.78



Faridpur is between 38-48%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area, which

justifies the need for a development project with an overall objective for poverty reduction

3.12 Livelihood The purchasing power depends on income, which in rural areas further depends on physical (land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller) or human (skill acquired by experience, training or education) assets that generate income. The analysis of land ownership and other assets is presented in Tables 7 and 8.

Table 7: Category of land holdings/ownership

Farmer Category

Landholding range Male HH Female HH % Of total household

Remarks/Estimated number of landholding HH in each category for the

whole sub project

% of total household


Total number M-HHs in

each category

Total number F-HHs in

each category

Total number HHs in each

category

Landless > 5 decimal 20 7 27 3,753 1,313 5,966

Marginal 5-49 decimal 39 3 42 7,317 564 7,881

Small 50-249 decimal 22 0 22 4,128 0 4,128

Medium 250-749 decimal 8 0 8 1501 0 1,501

Large 750 decimal and more 1 0 1 188 0 188

Total 100 18,764

Table 8: Livelihood assets other than land Type of Asset Ownership range

(number) Percentage of total sample household

Male Female

Cattle (cow-bullock/buffalo )

1 - 2 11.11 0

3 - 5 3.33 0

> 5 2.22 0

Goat

1 - 2 17.80 0

3 - 5 2.22 0

> 5 0

Poultry/duck 1 - 2 12 1.33

3 - 5 70.7 0.4

> 5 4.4 0


Boat 1 0 0


Pump 1 8.89 0

Shop 1 2.22 0

Other: Auto bike 1 4.4 0

Source: Project PRRA and BBS HIES Report 2010

Table 7 shows that the percentage of marginal farmers owning 5 - 49 decimal land is the highest (39%) followed by

small farmers owning land 50 - 249 decimal. Together they constitute 61% or a significant portion of households.

There is a landless group of 22% owning only homestead land less than 5 decimal land. Marginal and small

farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. Their productivity

needs to be increased with additional support of technology and capacity building. 22% of the inhabitants in Beel

Sukunia do not own land. This group also deserves additional support to improve their livelihood. Assets other than

land, like cattle and poultry, rickshaw van etc. as shown in Table F8, are also at subsistence level and the

households owning such a small quantity of assets need support to improve their livelihood.

As per opinion of FGD members the human assets/skills also do not show a potential picture of livelihood.

Institutional training received by the household members of the SP area is insignificant. The majority of household

members acquired farming skills through field work and only a very small percentage (less than 1%) of household

members have value adding skills like carpentry, masonry, mechanic etc. as shown in Table 2. Such a situation of

poor human assets justifies the support for capacity building with skills training by project support.



As a part of livelihood analysis income analysis for households throws further light on the livelihood situation. The

income groups and percentage of households are shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Per capita income

Capita income group Percentage of total sample households

Sufficient to maintain livelihood

Male HH Female HH

Less than Tk 1276 16 4.54 No

1276 to 1497 22 2.12 No

Tk 1498 - 2243 28 6 No

Tk 2244 above 19.6 1.2 Yes

The first two income groups have incomes below poverty level and therefore can barely support their living. The

third income group lives above poverty level, which is, according to FGD participants, considered not to be

sufficient. Only the fourth group has an income higher than the national average income, which is found to be

sufficient by the FGD.

If we consider the household assets position and income and keep in mind the average size of a household (4.5), a

monthly income more than BDT 10,000 is needed to provide a minimum standard of living. Currently this is not the

case for a major portion of the households and therefore a livelihood improvement development project is an urgent

need of the community.

3.13 Gender Situation The gender situation in the SP Beel Sukunia was assessed using a qualitative matrix focusing on nine different gender issues. The dimension of these gender issues was ranked as none, low, medium and high and is presented in Table 10.

Although the proportion of women in decision-making for some aspects (like mobility within and outside the community, control over micro credit, decision making on school attendance of their children, taking children, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning and participation in local government) is reasonable, the voice of the men in almost all aspects still prevails. Therefore the SP Beel Sukunia is characterized with low women empowerment and with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. It is now widely accepted that participation of women in all social and economic activities is vital to achieve development goals and objectives to build a prosperous society. In order to empower and increase gender equality in the SP area a special gender development program needs to be undertaken.


Issues Women Men


Control over HHs resources (land, crop, cattle etc.) √ √

Control over water management/irrigation √ √

Mobility inside the community (relative, shop, group meeting etc.)

√ √

Mobility outside the community (market, labor, crop field, hospital, bank, fair, movie etc.)

√ √

Control over income generating activities √ √

Control over micro credit management √ √

Participation at the HHs Decision :

Decision to take children √ √

Decision to undertake new economic activities √ √

Decision to purchase / sell of property √ √

Decision to children school attendance √ √

Decision to children marriage √ √

Decision to buy inputs and daily essentials √ √

Participation at the Community Decision :

Participation in the Mosque / mondir committee √ √

Participation in village development activity √ √ √

Participation in school management committee √ √

Participation in Salish village √ √

Participation in Parishad Union √ √

Knowledge and Awareness :

Law related to marriage and divorce √ √

Law related to inheritance rights √ √



Legal process to torture and inhuman treatment √ √

3.14 Social Safeguards Under the project framework social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guidelines as found in

the Handbook on Poverty and Social Analysis. These issues are resettlement, indigenous people, labor

affordability, and other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land

property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither

labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional

employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable

group access to goods and services. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor

and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable

communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through

agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

3.15 Strategies for Livelihood Improvement, Poverty Reduction and Gender Development To disseminate the benefit of the proposed water management project to all sections of the community, the

following strategies are proposed.

Targeting the number of households with inadequate assets and low income for project assistance

Criteria for selecting and organizing households with inadequate/no assets and low income. Are suggested as

follows:

Households with land between 0 - 49 decimal or a monthly per capita income of Tk 1497 (upper poverty line).

Household members to be involved with project should have working age, preferably below 50 and above 18.

Household should be permanent settler in project area.

Household member should have interest to join skill, business and marketing training for livelihood

enhancement.

He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self-finance with micro credit

for NGO

He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project.

3.16 Arrangements for implementation Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like

design, construction, technology, demonstration etc. but they do not have the capacity or expertise to handle the

poor directly at grass root level as required for poverty reduction, gender development and livelihood enhancement.

Some NGOs are implementing activities in the project area and do have the required capacities to handle the poor

at the grass root level. The program therefore should be implemented by outsourcing through appropriate NGOs

working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project.

3.17 Selection of appropriate activities Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserves activities, which generate income for the target group. The

proposed activities are listed below.

Feasible income generating activities (IGAs) for sub project area with requirement of the initial capital and the

yearly estimated income are shown in Table 11.

Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There re

NGOs and MFIs in sub project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Sanity or outsourcing NGOs)

who may be linked to financial support.

Business skills and marketing training: The selected member of the household would need to have the capacity to

manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training need to be provided by the project through the

outsourcing NGOs.

Involvement of women in all project programs: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the

project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, and 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training

should be women. This is important for women empowerment and will minimize gender inequality.



Table 11: Feasible income generating activities for Beel Sukunia

Name of opted IGA Approximate initial capital required to


Yearly profit rate (approximately)

Approximate yearly income

Remarks

Farming: pulse/onion/vegetable/oil seeds etc.

Tk. 15,000, for 50 decimal

Tk 150% (with two crops a year)

Tk 22,500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs

Beef fattening Tk 20,000 For two calves 75% Tk 15,000 “ “

Seed processing & business Tk 20,000 100% with two times turn over in two rice seasons

Tk 20,000 “ “

Small scale fish culture Tk 20,000 to 25,000 100% Tk 20,000 to 25,000

“ “


Tk 70,000 50% Tk 35,000

This activity may be suitable for marginal and small farmers They may get loan from NGOs/MFIs for purchasing power tiller

Rice based dry food making/ puffed rice/ pressed rice/ sweetened rice ball etc.

Tk 10,000 150% with year round turn over

Tk 15,000

This is an women friendly activity and they may get loan for the activity from NGOs

Small scale agro business Tk 20,000-30,000 150% with year round turn over

Tk 30,000-45,000



- Tk 80,000 for 200 days employment

Employment in project regulator construction and maintenance and in construction work in or around project area. This activity needs skill training



Tk 80,000 for 200 days employment

This activity need skill training


3.18 Institutional arrangement through WMG Institutional arrangement for the gender and livelihood enhancement program deserves special attention. The

Bangladesh Water Development Board promotes their water management program through Water Management

Group (WMG) at farmer‟s level. In the project area 17 WMGs are likely to be formed. The gender and livelihood

program may be integrated with this grass level organization for selection of beneficiaries, and this programme

should be supported by an experienced NGO.

3.19 Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Plan Based on strategies proposed in section 3 an action plan has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies, see Table 12.



Table 12: Action plan for Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement


NGO for outsourcing the program implementation selected

Select NGOs, provide ToR, issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP





PMO Relevant technical expert from consultant firm/NGO

Within a 4 weeks after selection of NGO


NGO Supervision by PMO and consultant



NGO Supervision by PMO and consult




NGO/Resource person







Continues for 6 month after formation of beneficiary group and WMG


Deliver ToT for skills and business trainers








1 Year after completion of orientation on gender dimension


NGO Own initiative of NGO

At the end of training



Within 4 weeks after training completion


PMO monitors/NGO

Own initiative of NGO

Continue till end of project



3.20 BUDGET

Costs have been estimated for the implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness

activities, based on the action plan presented in section 7. Four major costs have been identified:

Per participant costs for 2 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members

(includes participants and resource persons allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics)

er participant cost for 4 days ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (include

trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)

Per beneficiary trainee cost for an average 15 days training (included 2 days orientation on gender) on

skills and business training

NGO service charge (including staff salary) for implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement

program (selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising,

monitoring, follow-up and documentation)

The basis for estimation is the rate used for other sub projects of the ongoing project, Table F13: presents the cost

per activity. (Costs for IGA activities related to agriculture and fisheries are given in Annexes D and E.)

Table 13 Costs for GLEP

Sl. No.

Cost item description Training/ investment costs per participant or

trainees (BDT)


Total cost for each item/activity

(BDT)

1

Per participant cost for 2 days gender dimension orientation for 200 WMG management committee members

1,000 2,000 (60) 200,000


1,500 30 (10) 45,000

3 Per beneficiary trainee average 15 days skills and business training

2,300 3,000 (1500) 6,900,000


5,000 120 600,000

Sub total 7,745,000



3.21 Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Program a. Economic Benefit: Undertaking wage based and self-employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under

the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of increased per capita income poverty will

reduce. This will contribute to increase the per capita national income. Another economic benefit is that the

contribution to GDP will increase due to higher production of goods and services by the involved beneficiaries.

b. Social Benefit: Ppoverty is not only an economic issue, it is also a social issue. Poor people are the burden of

society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social

problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment

contributes to bring social stability, gender empowerment, makes society more peaceful and harmonious and

creates an environment for further development of education, health and culture.

3.22 Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side. GFP, PMO, SMO, ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG

will form a monitoring committee and will report quarterly to the PMO / project authority and the Gender and

Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on an action or implementation plan are

suggested to be developed.

3.23 Implementation of Gender policy Consistent with the national gender policy, policies for women participation in water management have already

been proposed/recommended for other sub projects that are currently being implemented under this project. These

policies should also be taken into consideration for promotion of the gender equality in the Beel Sukunia sub

project. WMB may be the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows: to establish

participation of water resources operation and maintenance women's capacity building need to be stressed. To this

end, it is necessary to take the following measures or precautions:



Minimum 70% poor / non-poor women are always contribution of any water related program.

Minimum 50% poor / non-poor women are targeted of any other IGA participation.

Minimum 50% poor / non-poor women are targeted of various IGA / Skill / WMG / leader ship empowering /

capacity building / Agri based / Fish farm / O&M of water structures training.

Minimum 50% poor / non-poor women are always contribution of WMG program.

Establish equality between men and women in all spheres of livelihood.

Ensure women‟s security in all spheres of state, society and family.

Ensure empowerment of women in the fields of politics, administration and the economy.

Financial / credit facility as per WMG activity for IGA.

100% poverty / impoverished reduced for women participation require is always of any water resource

program.

Establish women‟s human rights.

Develop women as educated and efficient human resources.

Free women from the curse of poverty.

Eliminate existing discrimination against men and women.

Acknowledge women‟s contribution in social and economic sphere.

Eradicate all forms of oppression on women and girls.

Establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and all

other economic activities.

Devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to

women.

Take adequate measures to ensure women‟s health and nutrition.

Ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelters.

Meet the needs of women especially in difficult circumstances.

Ensure security for widows, divorced, unmarried and childless women.

Reflect gender perspective in mass media by projection positive image of women.

Provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women. Provide support services in the advancement of women.

3.24 Conclusion and Recommendations In some fundamental social aspects development friendly social conditions exist within the sub project Beel

Sukunia. These are household size, male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water and sanitation facilities,

electricity use, housing condition etc. A general experience and observation is that with such a development

friendly social situation, further development initiative (for example a water management project) becomes relatively

easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a

process of social introduction where people adopt new technologies following their fellow neighbor or other

members of the society. The current poverty situation higher than the national average, inadequate livelihood

means and a low gender dimension in the SP area justifies a development project.

In the PRRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and

options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of the existing

situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA team to believe that the

community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken

under the water management sub project Beel Sukunia.

Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. On

top of these, some recommendations to be focused on while undertaking the gender and livelihood program are:

The approach of gender equality promotion and livelihood enhancement should be integrated within the

capacity building process of WMG management body

WMGs are recommended to be the focal point to oversee the implementation of GLEP

Employing women in operation and maintenance of the water management infrastructure is another gender

dimension to enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women (FHH). Generally men are employed in operation

and maintenance of the water structure and they get financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with

men an equal number of women must also be given opportunity for this activity

Detail planning of GLEP are recommended to be made in coordination with other components of the SP

Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amount, and its provision

overall in the Sub Project budget may therefore deserve special consideration

Target/output proposed in the action plan may be further extended, but recommended not to be squeezed

to avoid social risks of bypassing the underprivileged section of the community and gender dimension. .



APPENDIX-5


CHATLER FAKURHAT



1. Introduction Southwest Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management (SAIWRPM) project is a project of Bangladesh Water Development Board supported by Asian Development Bank and Royal Netherland Government. The overall objective of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural and fish production and employment creation through integrated water management (Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation) with active participation of the local people. The project has, therefore given highest priority to poverty reduction in its development objective. Parallel to the focus on water management and planning it has given attention to livelihood and socio economic condition especially gender dimension of the beneficiary community. Within the project area there are households who are farmers of different category (large, medium, small and marginal) and under privileged groups including women and landless people. It is important that the project should give due attention to different section of the communities including marginalized sections so that the project benefit should flow to all sections of the community proportionately to ensure sustainable development The Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) under the Ministry of Water Resource (MoWR) started the implementation of the project (SAIWRPMP)” from 2007. Under the overall framework of the project sub projects are being implemented in Narail, Jessore and Magura district which will expected to be completed by 2014. However considering the needs of the country and with the request of the government the development partners (GoB, ADB and EKN) agreed to support 7 additional subprojects located in Faridpur and Maguara district. Under the overall framework of SWAIWRPMP seven additional sub projects have therefore been undertaken by BWDB. The feasibility studies include the determination of technical, economic, social and environmental impact and financial analysis to assess the projects overall viability. To that extent information on the rehabilitation of physical infrastructure, the needs for capacity building of the BWDB and the beneficiary organizations (WMG) to implement and manage the sub projects. Data on agriculture and fisheries, environmental impact and livelihood development for poverty reduction along with consideration of gender issues have to be collected for this purpose. Plan for information collection through technical and household survey and Upazila level key stakeholder meetings have already been undertaken in sub project areas. As a part of the information collection process the project implemented Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal (PRRA) to collect information on some key socio economic issues including gender, livelihood and poverty which are not possible to be collected by household survey due to time and resource constraints. Another importance of PRRA is that some socio economic, gender and livelihood issues especially information on income generating activities relating water management project and involvement of women in productive work can be obtained in a more focused way.

2. Methodology A PRRA follows several independent steps in order to collect information and facts on social, economic and technical issues of particular community and area. It includes Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Survey (KI Survey), Transect Walk and Social and Resource Mapping. To know and understand the local socio economic issues the project choose FGDs where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in a group discussion in each of the pre-selected village. Three average sizes of villages from middle and extreme two ends of the sub project Chatler-Fakurhat were selected as the representative sample villages. The information provided and views expressed by the group members of representative villages were extrapolated to the whole sub project. Each group in selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group members to provide common information and views from the group on any issue. The data /information and views of three groups from three representative villages were arithmetically averaged or interpreted by synthesis (in case of qualitative information and views). In addition to FGDs the project also conducted a household survey in selected villages which are considered representative sample villages for each additional sub project. Socio-economic data/information on sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc was used to analyze socio economic, livelihood and gender issues.

3. General Information on Chatler-Fakurhat Sub-Project The sub project Chatler-Fakurhat is situated in Sadar Pur and Bhanga Upazila of Faridpur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub project is 10,268 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table 1





Number of villages 113


Total number of households 11,500 Average based on PRRA sampled villages

Average size of household 4.2 Smaller than national (4.4) and district average (4.5)

Average population per village 407 Less than national (1082) and district average (1000)

Area (Gross) 10,268 ha. Project information

Area per household (including home garden)

0.8 ha Consistent with national average(0.8 ha)

Percentage (%) of farmer 54 Consistent with national average


3.1 Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of the Sub Project: The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

3.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Chatler-Fakurhat the population was estimated to be. 48,300. The population density per village is 470 per square km

2. Compared to the national average (976), the project is not over populated. The sex ratio is defined

as the number of males per 100 females. In Chatler-Fakurhat it is 111 (calculated on the basis of 35782 male and 32015 female) which is higher than the national average.

3.3 Household size The household size is within the range of 4.2 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Faridpur it is 4.5.

3.4 Age structure In Chatler-Fakurhat the productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 61.72% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The results for Chatler Fakurhat are presented in Table 2.



1-14 21.27.

15- 59 61.72

60 and above 17.00

Source: Project HH sample survey

3.5 Male and Female Headed Household In Chatler-Fakurhat subproject the percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1% and 99% respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%. Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The various occupations of the work force of Chatler-Fakurhat is presented in the bar chart and Table 3



Source: Project PRRA In all occupation categories the share of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social re cognition of this work as occupation not much progress has been made.


Name of occupation



Male Female Female Male

Farmer 54 0.31 249 0

Fisherman 1.20 0 187 0

Business 2.33 0.12 345 0

Labour 14.52 2.78 297 278

Rickshaw /van puller

2.42 0 314 0

Carpenter 1.17 0 271 0

Mason 1 0 286 0

Mechanic 0.45 0 280 0


2.31 0.57 288 0

Boatmen 0.46 0 227 0

Driver 0.46 0 301 0

Auto Rickhaw driving-

1.12 0 323 0

Unemployed 7 7.78

Source: PRRA The table shows that the highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The employment days in a year shows that farming is probably a part-time occupation.

3.6 Educational Status The average literacy rate in the sub project area is 72%, with literate female and male ratio 1:1.12 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 56.8% with literate female male ratio 1:1.17.

3.7 Housing Characteristics Except Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for any other sub project. However noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub project recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brickwalled.

Male

Female



3.8 Household Water Supply Almost all household drinking water supply in Daduria-Kandor Beel is coming from underground sources lifted by hand tube well. Its share in the sub-project area is almost 100% and the rest is from other sources, including surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. Whereas it has been reported that a significant percentage of people use contaminated or unsafe water, the household survey showed a significant portion (84%) of the community are using pure and safe water. Sanitation Facility The present situation of sanitation in the sub project are shown Table 4




Hanging/ pit (un hygienic) 15.13

Open 1.68

Source: Project HH sample survey The table shows that almost 83% or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation.

3.9 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS. The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of non food items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of non food items.People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area.






Table 6: Per capita monthly average expenditure for Chatler-Fakurhat



Total percentage

Remark

M F

Less than TK 1276 19.33 1.12 20.45 As per national definition of poverty this group is extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK 1277 to 1497 22.82 0 22.82 As per national definition of poverty this group is absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 42.15 0

43.27 Incidence of poverty or percentage of poor in Chatler-Fakurhati is 43.27

Source: Project PRRA in Chatler-Fakurhat The average incidence of poverty in project area is 43.27, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area.



3.10 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Chatler-Fakurhat through PRRA undertaken by the project. The analysis of ownership of land and other assets are presented in Table 7 and 8 respectively.

Table 7: Category of land holdings/ownership in sub project Chatler-Fakurhat

Category Landholding range

Male HH Female HH

Total % of household

Remarks/Estimated number of landholding HH in each category for the whole sub project



Total number M-HHs in each category

Total number F-HHs in each category

Total number HHs in each category

Landless HH

less than 5 decimal

15.75 1 16.75 1811 116 1927

Marginal farmer

5-49 decimal

27.23 0 27.23 3132 0 3132

Small farmer

50-249 decimal

41.00 0 41.00 4715 0 4715

Medium farmer

250-749 decimal

13.00 0 13.00 1496 0 1496

Large farmer


2.00 0 2.00 230 0 230

Total 100% 11384 116 11500


Table F 8: Livelihood asset other than land

Source: Project PRRA in sample (representative) villages

The table of ownership of land asset shows that the percentage of small farmers are the highest (41%) followed by marginal farmer (27%). Together they constitute 68%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is marginal. About 16% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 1-2 per village.

Type of Asset Ownership range( number)


Male Female

Cattle (cow-bullock/buffalo)

1-2 22.19 0

3 - 5 3.54 0

Above 5 1.13 0

Goat

1-2 14.98 0

3 - 5 3.12 0

Above 5 0,52 0

Poutry/duck 1-2 11.28 0.76

3 - 5 61.74 0.24

Above 5 4.94 0


Boat 1 3.76 0


Pump 1 5.16 0

Shop 1 3.00 0

Others: (3 wheeler 1 0.72 0



Assets other than land like cattle and poultry, rickshaw van etc as shown in Table F 9 are also at subsistence level. As per opinion of FGD members the human asset- skills also do not show potential picture of livelihood. Institutional training received by the household members of sub project area is insignificant. Large portion of household members acquired farming skills through field work and only a very small percentage (less than 3%) of household members have value added skills like carpentry, masonry, mechanic etc as shown in table 3. As a part of livelihood analysis income analysis for households will provide further light on livelihood situation in sub project area. The income group and percentage of household are shown in Table 9 Table F 9: Per capita monthly household income at Chatler-Fakurhat Sub Project

capita income group Percentage of total sample household

Whether this income is sufficient to maintain their livelihood

Male HH Female

Less than Tk. 1276 20 1 No

1276 to 1497 25 0 No

Tk. 1498 -2243 26 0 No

Tk. 2244 above 29 0 yes

Source: BBS HS Report 2010 and PRRA The first two income groups in the table F 9 belong to poverty level. The third income group is from above poverty level which however, according to FGD participants, is not sufficient for a desired livelihood.

If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.5), a monthly income more than Tk 10,000 is needed to maintain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently it is not the case for major portion of the households of the sub project. Gender Situation The Gender situation in sub projectwas assessed through PRR/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 10

Table 10: Gender dimension on key issues Sl. No






√ √


√ √





















Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and



participation in local government the position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects. The Gender situation in Chatler-Fakurhat can therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.

3.11 Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. These issues are resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability, other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group access to goods and services. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

3.12 Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Chatler-Fakurhat reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 1497 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing

training for livelihood enhancement. He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self finance with micro

credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project

3.13 Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement. Some NGOs are implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. They have required capacities to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. The programme therefore should be implemented by outsourcing through appropriate NGOs working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project. Selection of Appropriate Activities for the Programme Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserve activities to be undertaken which generate income for the target group. The proposed activities are:

Potential IGAs: For sub project area feasible IGAs with requirement of initial capital and yearly estimated income are shown in Table F 11. The households to be involved with the sub project may select IGA from this list.

Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There are NGOs and MFIs in sub project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Samity or outsourcing NGOs) who may be linked to provide financial support.

Skill business and marketing training: The selected member of the household would need to have capacity to manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training need to be provided by the project through the outsourcing NGOs.

Involvement of women in all project programmes: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training should be women. This is important for women empowerment and minimize gender inequality.



Table 11: Feasible income generating activities for Chatler Fakurhat

Name of opted IGA

Approximate initial capital required to


Yearly profit rate

Approximate yearly

income

Remarks

Farming /pulse/onion/vegetable/oil

seeds etc

@ Tk. 300 per decimal for 50

decimal Tk 15,000

approximately Tk. 150% (with

two crops a year)

Tk. 22500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs

Beef fattening For two calf Tk. 20,000

approximately 75%

Tk. 15000 “ “

Duck and poultry raising Tk. 10,000 Approximately 125%

Tk. 12500 “ “


Tk. 20,000 approximately 100% with two times turn over

in two rice seasons

20,000 “ “

Small scale fish culture Tk. 20,000 to 25,000

Approximately 100%

Tk. 20,000 to 25,000

“ “

Power tiller for tilling own land and also for renting

business


Tk. 35,000 This activity may be suitable for

marginal and small farmers The may

get loan from NGOs/MFIs for

purchasing power tiller

Rice based dry food making/puffed rice/pressed

rice/sweetened rice ball etc

Tk 10,000 Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 15,000 This is an women friendly activity and they may get loan

for the activity from NGOs

Pulse, spices and other agro trading

Tk. 20,000-30,000 Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 30,000-45000



- Tk. 80,000 for 200 days

employment

Employment in project regulator construction and maintenance and

in construction work in or around project area. This activity need skill

training



Tk. 80,000 for 200 days

employment



3.14 Livelihood improvement for Vulnerable /Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households living in.Chatler-Fakurhat. They do not posses any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number is not significant. An estimate with the help of Upazila parishad shows that their number in 113 villages of Chatler-Fakurhat could be approximately 200. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their



livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. They project may consider to distribute among them poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income.

3.15 Institutional arrangement through WMG: Institutional arrangements for the gender and livelihood enhancement programme deserve special attention. BWDB promotes their water management programme through Water Management Groups (WMGs) at farmer‟s level. In Chatler-Fakurhat 9 WMGs are likely to be formed. Gender and livelihood programmes may be integrated with this grass level organization for selection of beneficiaries and supportive action with outsourcing to a NGO.

3.16 Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Plan Based on strategies proposed in Chapter 5 an action plan with budget has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies

Table 12: Action Plan for Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement



1. Select NGOs, provide ToR, , issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP















NGO/Resource person Financial support from PMO and technical support from consultant

















Provide certificate to trainees NGO Own initiative of NGO At the end of training








PMO monitors/NGO Own initiative of NGO Continue till end of project

3.17 Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Chapter 6. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows








Table 13: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Chatler-Fakurhat Sub Project

Sl. No

Cost item description

Average orientation or training cost per

participant or trainees (BDT)


Total cost for each item/activity

(BDT) Remarks


1000 108(36) 108,000 Include all costs


Not needed, ToT organized for Beel Sukinia will serve the purpose for all sub project



2500 1150 (575) 2,875,000 Include all costs


5000 200 1,000,000 Include all costs

Sub total 3,983,000


Total 4,381,300


3.18 Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a. Economic Benefit: Undertaking wage based and self employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of increased per capita income poverty will reduce. This will contribute to increase per capita national income. b. Social Benefit: Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment contribute to bring social stability, contribute to gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development in the field of education, health and culture.

3.19 Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side: GFP / PMO / SMO / ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG will form a monitoring committee and will provide a quarterly report to the PMO / Project authority, copy to Gender and Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on action or implementation plan is suggested to be developed Implementation of Gender policy In line with the national gender policy, policies for women participation in water management have already been proposed/recommended for other sub projects currently being implemented under this project. These policies



should also be taken into consideration for promotion of gender equality in Chatler-Fakurhat sub project. The WMGs may be the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows:

To establish participation of water resources operation and maintenance for women capacity building need to be stressed

Minimum 70% poor / non poor women are always beneficiaries of any water related program.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of any other IGA participation.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of various IGA / Skill / WMG / leader ship empowering / capacity building / agri based / fish farm / O&M of water structures training.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are always beneficiaries of WMG program.


Ensure women‟s security in all sphere of state, society and family.



100% poverty / impoverished reduced for women participation require is always of any water resource program.

Establish Women‟s human rights.






Establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and all other economic activities.

Devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to women.


To ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelter for women.



Reflect gender perspective in mass-media by projection positive image of women.

Provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women.

Provide support services in the advancement of women.

3.20 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the social aspects within the sub project/Chatler-Fakurhat further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.2), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process.

Current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub project area justifies project interventions.

In PRRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management sub project/Chatler-Fakurhat

Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further to these, some recommendations to be focused while undertaking the gender and livelihood programme are as follows:

The approach of gender equality promotion and livelihood enhancement should be integrated within the capacity building process of WMG management body;

WMGs are recommended to be the focal point to oversee the implementation of GLEP;

Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amounts, and its provisions in overall sub project budget may therefore deserved special consideration;








APPENDIX-6


DADURIA-KANDOR BEEL SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction The Southwest Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management (SAIWRPM) project is a project of Bangladesh Water Development Board supported by the Asian Development Bank and the Royal Netherland Government. The overall objective of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural and fish production and creation of employment through integrated water management with active participation of the local people. The project has, therefore, given highest priority to poverty reduction in its development objective. Parallel to the focus on water management and planning it has given attention to livelihood and socio economic conditions, especially on the gender dimension of the beneficiary community. Within the project area there are households which include farmers of different categories (large, medium, small and marginal) and under-privileged groups, including women and landless people. It is important that the project will give due attention to different sections of the communities including marginalized sections so that the project benefits will flow to all sections of the community, to ensure sustainable development. The Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) under the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) started the implementation of the project (SAIWRPMP) in 2007. Under the overall framework of the project sub-projects are being implemented in Narail, Jessore and Magura districts which are expected to be completed by 2013. However, considering the needs of the country and following the request of the government, the development partners (GOB, ADB and EKN) agreed to support 7 additional subprojects located in the Faridpur and Maguara districts. Under the overall framework of SAIWRPMP feasibility studies of seven additional sub-projects are therefore undertaken by the BWDB.

The feasibility studies include the determination of the technical needs, the economic, social and environmental impact and the financial analysis of the investments to assess the projects‟ overall viability. To that extent information on the rehabilitation of the physical infrastructure, the need for capacity building of the BWDB and the beneficiary organizations (WMGs) to implement and manage the sub-projects. Data on agriculture, fisheries, environmental impact and livelihood development for poverty reduction along with consideration of gender issues have to be collected for this purpose. As part of the information collection process the project implemented Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisals (PRRAs) to collect information on socio economic key issues including gender, livelihood and poverty which are not possible to be collected through household surveys due to time and resource and time constraints. Another important character of a PRRA is that some socio economic, gender and livelihood issues especially information on income generating activities related to water management projects and the involvement of women in productive work can be focused in a more focused way.

2. Methodology A PRRA follows several independent steps in order to collect information and facts on social, economic and technical issues of particular community and area. It includes Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Survey (KI Survey), Transect Walks and Social and Resource Mapping. To know and understand the local socio economic issues the project choose FGDs where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in a group discussions in each of the pre-selected villages. Three average sized villages from the middle and extreme two ends of the sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel were selected as representative sample villages. The information provided and views expressed by the group members of representative villages were extrapolated to the whole sub-project.

Each group in the selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group members to provide common information and views from the group on each issue. The data /information and views of three groups from three representative villages of the sub-project were arithmetically averaged or interpreted by synthesis (in case of qualitative information and views)

In addition to FGDs, the project also conducted a household survey in the selected villages which are considered representative sample villages for each additional sub-project. Socio-economic data/information on sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc. was used to analyze the socio-economic, livelihood and gender issues.

3. General Information on Daduria – Kandor Beel The sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel is situated in the Boalmari Upazila of Faridpur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub-project area. Almost 80% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of Daduria Beel is 2,686 ha and Kandor Beel 615 ha. Together the sub-project is 3,301 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspects is given in Table 1.



Table 1: General Information on Sub-project

Description of information Number/quantity

Remarks

Number of villages 34 Daduria 24 and Kandor 10

Population 15,519

Total number of households 3,695 Average based on PRRA sampled villages

Average size of household 4.2 size smaller than national average

Average population per village 435 less than national average

Area (gross) 3,301 ha

Area per household (including home garden)

0.8 ha Consistent with national and district average (0.8 ha)

Percentage farmers 50 Consistent with national average


3.1 Socio-economic, Livelihood and Gender aspects The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

3.2 Population and sex ratio In Daduria and Kandor Beel the population was estimated to be 15,519. The population density is 470 per square km

2. Compared to the national average (976) the project area is not over populated.

The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Daduria and Kandor Beel it is 100.4 (calculated on the basis of estimated male 5,209 and female 5,186) which is consistent with the national average (100.3 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011).

3.3 Household size The household size is within the range of 4.2 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size 4.3 and for the district Faridpur it is 4.5.

3.4 Age structure In Daduria and Kandor Beel the productive or 15-59 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non productive people. The results for Daduria and Kandor Beel are presented in Table 2.


Age group % of total population

1-14 30

15- 59 61

60 and above 9


3.5 Male and female headed household In Daduria and Kandor Beel the percentage of female and male headed household is 5% and 95% respectively. No national data is available to compare the male and female household percentage of the sub- project. However, the result is consistent with other sub-projects of the project where the percentage is less than 10%.

3.6 Occupation An occupation indicates the source of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The various occupations of the work force of Daduria and Kandor Beel is presented in the bar chart below and Table 3.




In all occupation categories the share of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agriculture product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demand. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social recognition of this work as occupation not much progress has yet been made.


Name of occupation




Farmer 50.30 2.53 230 85

Fisherman 6.98 0.63 130 105

Business 3.32 0.86 350 220

Labour 17 1.63 300 230


Carpenter 0,21 0 290 0

Mason 0.42 0 280 0

Mechanic 0 0 0 0


1.48 .68 285 284

Boatmen 0 0 0 0

Driver 0.84 0 270 0

Unemployed 3.34 9.00 - -

The table shows that the highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The employment days in a year show that farming is probably a part-time occupation.

3.7 Educational status The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 65% with literate female and male ratio 1: 1.03 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 56.8% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17.

3.8 Housing characteristics Except for the sub-project Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for the other sub-projects. However, noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled.

Male %

Female %



3.9 Household water supply A significant share of household drinking water supply in Daduria-Kandor Beel is coming from underground sources lifted by hand tube well. Its share in the sub-project area is almost 84% and the rest is from other sources, including surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. Whereas it has been reported that a significant percentage of people use contaminated or unsafe water, the household survey showed a significant portion (84%) of the community are using pure and safe water.

3.10 Sanitation facilities The present situation of sanitation in the sub-project is shown in the Table 4.



Sanitary / water sealed or pacca 47.00

Hanging/ pit 50.62

Open 2.31

Source: Project HH sample survey The table shows that 47% of the households within the sub-project area are using hygienic sanitation. A major portion of the households are still out of hygienic sanitation coverage. The reason could be lack of motivation and access to public health facilities or both.

3.11 Poverty The nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS) The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of non food items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of non food items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area.


Name of Division Upper Poverty Line in Tk Lower Poverty Line in Tk



Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010

Following the class intervals of the upper and lower poverty line data for Dhaka rural the household monthly expenditure data for the sub-project area are presented per group in Table 6.

Table 6: Per capita monthly average expenditure

Per capita expenditure

group


Total %

Remarks

M F

Less than TK 1276 12,15 4.70 16.85 As per national definition of poverty this group is extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK 1277 - 1497 27.13 2.94 30.07 As per national definition of poverty this group is absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 38.52 6.90 46.92

Source: Project PRRA in Daduria-Kandor Beel The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 46.92, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district



Faridpur is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangaldesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area.

3.12 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise an adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw vans, fishing nets and boats, pumps, power tillers etc are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc are the human asset. Both kinds of assets used to generate income build the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Daduria and Kandor Beel through PRRAs undertaken by the project. The analysis of ownership of land and other assets are presented in table 7 and 8.



Male HH Female HH


Remarks/Estimated number of landholding HH in each category for the whole sub-project






Landless HH

less than 5 decimal

20.8 6.2 26.97 514 153 667

Marginal farmer

5-49 decimal 37 3.5 40.61 918 87 1005

Small farmer

50-249 decimal

23 0 23 569 0 569

Medium farmer

250-749 decimal

7.2 0 7.2 188 0 188

Large farmer


1.8 0 1.82 18 0 46

Total 100% 2475





Male Female


1-2 11 0

3 - 5 4.12 0

Above 5 1.38 0

Goat

1-2 14.67 0.12

3 - 5 2.26 0

Above 5 0.73 0

Poultry/duck 1-2 13.20 1.33

3 - 5 57.7 0.4

Above 5 3.40 0


Boat 1 0.65 0


Pump 1 3.88 0

Shop 1 4.70 0

Others:

Source: Project PRRA in sample (representative) villages Table 7 shows that the percentage of marginal farmers is the highest (40%) followed by small farmers (23%). Together they constitute 63%, meaning that a significant portion of the households in the sub-project area is marginal. There is a landless group of about 27% owing only 5 decimal (approximately 200 m

2) of homestead

garden. Among them there are daily labors, traders and wage employees. In category of landless the majority



(17%) is laborer (see table F 3). Assets other than land like cattle and poultry, rickshaw van etc. as shown in Table 8 are also at a subsistencelevel. As per opinion of FGD members the human asset- skills also do not show potential picture of livelihood. Institutional training received by the household members of sub-project area is insignificant. Large portion of household members acquired farming skills through field work and only a very small percentage (less than 1%) of household members have value added skills like carpentry, masonry, mechanic etc as shown in Table 3. As a part of livelihood analysis an income analysis of the households will provide further light on the livelihood situation in the sub-project area. The income groups and percentages of households are shown in Table 9.


capita income group Percentage of total sample household Whether this income is sufficient to maintain their livelihood

Male HH Female

Less then Tk. 1276 16 4.54 No

1276 to 1497 22 2.12 No

Tk. 1498 -2243 28 6 No

Tk. 2244 above 19.6 1.2 yes

Source: Project PRRA and BBS HIES Report 2010 The first two groups of income in Table F 9 belong to the below-poverty level. The third income group is above the poverty level which, however, according to FGD participants is not sufficient for a desired livelihood. The third group is more than the national average which is found to be sufficient for desired livelihood.

If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4.5), a monthly income of more than Tk 10,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently it is not the case for major portion of the households of sub-project. Gender situation The gender situation in the sub-project was assessed through PRRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Gender situation

No Dimension Issues Women Men





√ √


√ √























Although in a few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government women decision making position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most social and economic respects.

The gender situation in Daduria and Kandor Beel can therefore be characterized as a low women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following the ADB guidelines in the Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with the BWDB and relevant project staff. The issues which have been considered are resettlement, indigenous people, labour, affordability other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land will not take place.here are no indigenous people in this sub-project. Where labour is concerned, neither displacement or job loss for the labor living is expected. On the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. .No relation was found between the proposed sub-project rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group‟s access to goods and services. It will not be affected by the project. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub-project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub-project. However, no negative effects are foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities as a result of project‟s rehabilitation works. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement programs. Strategies for Livelihood Improvement, Poverty Reduction and Gender Development To disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub-project to all sections of the community, the following strategies are proposed. 3.13 Targeting the number of households with inadequate assets and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested as follows:

Households with land from 0-49 decimal and monthly per capita income Tk. 1497 (upper poverty line).

The household members to be involved with project should have a working age preferably below 50 and above 18.

The head of the household should be a permanent settler in the project area.

The household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing training for livelihood enhancement.

He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she will undertake IGA with self finance or with micro credit from NGOs.

He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub-project.

3.14 Implementation arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have the technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have the capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement. Some NGOs are implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities at project area. They have required capacities to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. The program therefore should be implemented by outsourcing through appropriate NGOs working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project. 3.15 Selection of appropriate activities Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserves activities to be undertaken which generate income for the target group. The proposed activities are:

Potential IGAs: For the sub-project area feasible IGAs with a need for initial capital and yearly estimated income are shown in Table 11. The households to be involved with the sub-project may select IGA from this list.

Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There are NGOs and MFIs in sub-project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Samity or outsourcing NGOs) who may be linked to provide financial support

Skill business and marketing training: The selected members of the households would need to have capacity to manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training need to be provided by the project through the outsourcing NGOs.



Involvement of women in all project program: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training should be women. This is important for women empowerment and minimizing gender inequality.

Table 11: Feasible income generating activities for Daduria and Kandor Beel

Name of opted IGA

Approximate initial capital required to initiate business/IGA

Yearly profit rate


Remarks


k 300 per decimal, or Tk. 15,000 for 50 decimal

Approximately Tk. 150% (with two crops a year)

Tk. 22,500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs

Milk cow rearing and beef fattening


Approximately 75%

TK 15,000 “ “


Tk. 20,000 Approximately 100% with two times turn over in two rice seasons

20,000 “ “



Tk. 35,000 This activity may be suitable for marginal and small farmers The may get loan from NGOs/MFIs for purchasing power tiller



Tk. 15,000 This is an women friendly activity and they may get loan for the activity from NGOs

Rickshaw van for carrying agro products and marketing


Tk. 18,000 For this activity loans are available from NGOs

Small scale agro product business


Tk. 30,000-45,000




Employment in project regulator construction and maintenance and in construction work in or around project area. This activity need skill training

Vegetable gardening Tk. 5,000-8,000 Approximately 150% with year round turn over

Tk. 12000 Women friendly activity for which loans are available from NGOs



Tk 80,000 for 200 days employment



3.16 Livelihood improvement for vulnerable households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households in Daduria and Kandor Beel. They do not posses any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability are also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number is not significant. An estimate with the help of Upazila parishad shows that their number in the (34) villages of Daduria-Kandor Beel could be approximately 50. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is needed to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind may show useful result in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distribute among them poultry/duck or goat/sheep or Rickshaw van to generate income.

3.17 Institutional arrangements through WMG Institutional arrangements for the gender and livelihood enhancement program deserve special attention. BWDB promotes their water management program through Water Management Group (WMG) at farmer‟s level.



In Daduria and Kandor Beel 6 WMGs are likely to be formed. The gender and livelihood program may be integrated with this grass root level organization for selection of beneficiaries and supportive action with outsourcing to a NGO.

3.18 Gender and Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Plan Based on strategies proposed in Chapter 5 an action plan with budget has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies

Table 12: Action plan for gender and livelihood improvement / enhancement



1. Select NGOs, provide ToR, , issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP















NGO/Resource person









Deliver ToT for skills and business trainers

Resource persons / NGO in coordination with PMO

No additional support needed. Same trainers trained for Beel Sukunia may be engaged for Daduria-Kandor












3.19 Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in chapter 6. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows:

Per participant the costs for 2 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource persong allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics)

Per participant costs for 4 days of ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (include trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost) will be covered from cost included sub-project Beel Sukunia

Per beneficiary the trainee costs for an average 15 days training ( included 2 days orientation on gender) on skills and business training



NGO service charge (including staff salary) for implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement program.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation)

The basis of estimation is the rate proposed or used in Narail and Chenchuri Beel which is currently being implemented.

Table 13: Budget for GLEP

Sl. No

Cost item description Average training cost per participant (Tk.)


Total cost for each activity (Tk.)


1,000 70 (22) 70,000


No additional cost, ToT estimated for Beel Sukunia is sufficient for other sub-projects

-

3 Per beneficiary trainee average 15 days skill and business training 2,500 588(176) 1,470,000


5,000 50 250,000

Sub total 1,790,000



A detailed break down of costs for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills, trade, locality and venue.

3.20 Economic and Social Benefits of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a. Economic benefits Undertaking wage based and self employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of the increased per capita income the poverty will decrease. .This will contribute to increase per capita national income. b. Social benefits Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment contribute to bring social stability, contribute to gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development in the field of education, health and culture.

3.21 Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side: GFP / PMO / SMO / ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG will form a monitoring committee and will provide a quarterly report to the PMO / Project authority, copy to Gender and Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on action or implementation plan is suggested to be developed 3.22Implementation of Gender policy In line with the national gender policy, the policies for women participation in water management have already been proposed/recommended for other sub-projects currently being implemented under this project. These policies should also be taken into consideration for promotion of gender equality in Daduria-Kandor Beel sub-project. The WMGs may be the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows:

To establish participation of water resources operation and maintenance for women capacity building need to be stressed

minimum 70% poor / non poor women are always contribution of any water related program.

minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of any other IGA participation.

minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted of various IGA / Skill / WMG / leader ship empowering / capacity building / Agri based / Fish farm / O&M of water structures training.

minimum 50% poor / non poor women are always contribution of WMG program.

establish equality between men and women in all spheres of livelihood.



ensure women‟s security in all sphere of state, society and family.

ensure empowerment of women in the fields of politics, administration and the economy.

financial / credit facility as per WMG activity for IGA.


establish Women‟s human rights.

develop women as educated and efficient human resources.

free women from the curse of poverty.

eliminate existing discrimination against men and women.

acknowledge women‟s contribution in social and economic sphere.

eradicate all forms of oppression on women and girls.

establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and all other economic activities.

devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to women.

take adequate measures to ensure women‟s health and nutrition.

To ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelter for women.

meet the needs of women especially in difficult circumstances.

ensure security for widows, divorced, unmarried and childless women.

reflect Mgender perspective in mass-media by projection positive image of women.

provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women.

provide support services in the advancement of women.

3.22 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the socio-economic aspects within the sub-project Daduria and Kandor Beel further development support is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.2), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process.

The current poverty situation which is more than national average, inadequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in the sub-project area justifies project interventions.

In the PRRAs conducted in the sub-project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub-project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management sub- project of Daduria and Kandor Beel.

Strategies and an action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have been proposed in this report. Further to these, some recommendations to be followed while undertaking the gender and livelihood program are as follows:



Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amounts, and the provisions in the overall sub-project budget may therefore deserve special consideration;

Target/output proposed in the action plan may be further extended, but recommended not to be squeezed to avoid social risks of bypassing underprivileged section of the community and gender dimension;

Employing women in operation and maintenance of water structure; there is another gender dimension to enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women (FHH). Generally men are employed in operation and maintenance of the water structure and they get financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with men equal number of women must also be given opportunity for this activity;

Detail planning of GLEP are recommended to be made in coordination with other component of the sub-project.



APPENDIX- 7


KALIDASKHALI-ARPARA SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction Southwest Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management (SAIWRPM) project is a project of Bangladesh Water Development Board supported by Asian Development Bank and Royal Netherland Government. The overall objective of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural and fish production and creation of employment through integrated water management with active participation of the local people. The project has, therefore given highest priority to poverty reduction in its development objective. Parallel to the focus on water management and planning it has given attention to livelihood and socio economic condition especially gender dimension of the beneficiary community. Within the project area there are households who are farmers of different category (large, medium, small and marginal) and under privileged groups including women and landless people. It is important that the project should give due attention to different section of the communities including marginalized sections so that the project benefit should flow to all sections of the community proportionately to ensure sustainable development Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) under the Ministry of Water Resource (MoWR) started the implementation of the project (SAIWRPMP)” from 2007. Under the overall framework of the project sub projects are being implemented in Narail, Jessore and Magura district which will expected to be completed by 2014, However considering need of the country and with the request of the government the development partners (ADB and EKN) agreed to support 7 additional subprojects located in Faridpur and Maguara district. Under the overall framework of South West Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management Project (SWAIWRPMP). Seven additional sub projects have therefore been undertaken by the BWDB. The feasibility studies include the determination of technical, economic, social and environmental impact and financial analysis to assess the projects overall viability. To that extent information on the rehabilitation of physical infrastructure, the needs for capacity building of the BWDB and the beneficiary organizations (WMG) to implement and manage the sub projects. Data on agriculture and fisheries, environmental impact and livelihood development for poverty reduction along with consideration of gender issues have to be collected for this purpose. Plan for information collection through technical and household survey and Upazila level key stakeholder meetings have already been undertaken in sub project areas. As a part of the information collection process the project implemented Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal (PRRA) to collect information on some key socio economic issues including gender, livelihood and poverty which are not possible to be collected by household survey due to time and resource constraints. Another importance of PRRA is that some socio economic, gender and livelihood issues especially information on income generating activities relating water management project and involvement of women in productive work can be obtained in a more focused way.

2. Methodology A PRRA follows several independent steps to collect information and facts on social, economic and technical issues of particular community and area. It includes Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Survey (KI Survey), Transect Walk and Social and Resource Mapping. To know and understand the local socio economic issues the project choose FGDs where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in a group discussion in each selected village. Three average sizes of villages from middle and extreme two ends of the sub project Kalidaskhali-Arpara were selected as the representative sample villages. Information provided and views expressed by the group members of representative villages are implied for the whole sub project. Each group in selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group members to provide common information and views from the group on any issues. The data /information and views of three groups from three representative villages of the sub project were arithmetically averaged or interpreted by synthesis (in case of qualitative information and views) In addition to FGD, the project also conducted a household survey in selected villages which are considered representative sample villages for each additional sub project. Socio-economic data/information (sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc) was used to analyze socio- economic, livelihood and gender issues.

3. General Information on Sub Project Kalidaskhali-Arpara The sub project Kalidaskhali-Arpara situated in the Shalika Upazila of Magura district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 80% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub project is 13,197 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table 1.



Table 1: General Information on Sub Project: Kalidaskhali-Arpara



Estimated Population 59,124 Project estimation

Number of households 14,781 Project estimation

Average size of household 4 Smaller than national (4.4) and district average (4.5)

Average population per village 721 Lower than national and district average (1000)

Area (Gross, ha) 13,197 -



Percentage (%) of farmer 53 Consistent with national average

Source: HH survey and PRRA

3.1 Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of the Sub Project: Kalidaskhali-Arpara The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation

3.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Kalidaskhali-Arpara the population was estimated to be 59,124. The population density is 448 per village Compared to national average (976) it is not over populated. This is a positive condition for project feasibility. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Kalidaskhali-Arpara the ratio is 100.7 (calculated on basis of 2,932,550 male to 2,873,426 female) which is close to national average (1.003 according to the (BBS Population Census Report 2011).

3.3 Household size The household size is on average 4.0 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Faridpur it is 4.5

3.4 Age structure In Kalidaskhali-Arparathe productive or 15-59 age group of population is, with 62% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-14 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger that 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The results for Kalidaskhali-Arparaare presented in Table 2.


Age group Percentage of total population Remarks

1-14 23 Not considered productive

15- 59 62 Considered productive

60 and above 15 Not considered productive


3.5 Male and Female Headed Household In Kalidaskhali-Arpara subproject the percentage of female headed and male headed household is 3% and 97% respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%.

3.6Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The various occupations of the work force of Kalisdaskhali-Arpara is presented in the bar chart and Table 3



Source: Project PRRA Figure F 1: Occupation of males and females, Khalidaskhali-Arpara

In all occupation categories the share of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social re cognition of this work as occupation not much progress has been made.

Table 3: Occupation

Name of occupation




Farmer 53 0.93 247 93


Business 3.86 0,43 341 308

Labour 16.86 1.76 285 178


Carpenter 0.79. 0 276 0

Mason 0.82 0 277 0

Mechanic 0.36 0 240 0

Service (wage employment) 3.33 1.33 288 263

Boatmen 0.31 0 220 0

Driver 1.11 0 305 0

Unemployed 2,38 10.15 - -

Source: PRRA

The table shows that highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The employment days in a year show that farming is probably a part-time occupation.

3.7Educational Status The average literacy rate in the sub project area is 66%, with literate female and male ratio 1:1.13 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 56.8% with literate female male ratio 1:1.17.

3.8Housing Characteristics Except Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for any other sub project. However noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub project recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled.

Male%

Female%



3.9Household Water Supply In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Kalidaskhali-Arpara 15% households were found who drink non pure water from pond/river. This rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub project area is below the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011).

3.10Sanitation Facility The present situation of sanitation in the sub project are shown the table 4

Table 4: Access to Sanitation in Kalidaskhali-Arpara




Open 0.87

Source: Project HH survey. The table shows that almost 62% or majority portion of the people in the sub project area are us using hygienic sanitation, a figure higher than the national average (51%). A major portion of the he households are still out of hygienic sanitation coverage. The reason could be lack of motivation and access to public goods.

3.11Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty. This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS)

The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of non food items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of non food items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). As the sub-project area belongs to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty line is implied also for the sub-project area.






Table 6: Per capita monthly average expenditure



Total percentage

Remark

M F

Less than TK 1276 16.33 2.19 18.52 As per national definition of poverty this group is extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK 1277 to 1497 22.22 0.59 22.81 As per national definition of poverty this group is absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 38.55 2.78

41.33 Incidence of poverty or percentage of poor in Kalidaskhali-Arpara is 41.33

Source: Project PRRA in Kalidaskhali-Arpara The average incidence of poverty in project area is 41.33, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district



Magura is between 36-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. A more than average poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area.

3.12 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprises adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Khalidaskhali-Arpara through PRRA undertaken by the project. The analysis of ownership of land and other assets are presented in Table 7 and 8 respectively.


Category Landholding

range

Male HH Female

HH total % of

household

Remarks/Estimated number of landholding HH in each category



Total number M-HHs

Total number F-HHs

Total number

HHs

Landless HH

less than 5 decimal

20 2.49 22.49 2948 368 3316

Marginal farmer

5-49 decimal 35.65 0.54 36.19 5269 80 5249

Small farmer

50-249 decimal

26.87 0 26.87 3982 0 3971

Medium farmer

250-749 decimal

12 0 12.00 1773 0 1773

Large farmer


2.45 0 2.45 362 0 362

Total 100% 14333 448 14781




Percentage of total sample households

Male Female


1-2 22.19 0

3 - 5 7.00 0

Above 5 3.13 0

Goat

1-2 17.78 0.53

3 - 5 3.76 0

Above 5 0,72 0

Poutry/duck 1-2 13.28 1.26

3 - 5 71.74 1.69

Above 5 5.54 0


Boat 1 0.76 0


Pump 1 7.61 0

Shop 1 5.35 0

Others: 0 0 0

Source: Project PRRA in sample (representative) villages The table of ownership of land asset shows that the percentage of marginal farmers is the highest (36.19%) followed by small farmer 26.87%.Together they constitute 63% or a significant portion of household in the sub project area. About 22% of the farmers are landless group owing only 5 decimal of homestead garden. Among them are daily labourers, traders and wage employees. In the category of landless the majority is labourer (see Table 3) .



Assets other than land like cattle and poultry, rickshaw van etc. as shown in Table F 9 are also at subsistence level. According to FGD members the training received by the household members is also insignificant. Large numbers of household members acquired farming skills through field work and only a very small percentage (less than 2%) of household members have value added skills like carpentry, masonry, mechanic etc. as shown in table 3.

As a part of livelihood analysis income analysis for households will provide further light on livelihood situation in sub project area. The income groups and percentage of household are shown in Table 9.


Capita income group


Whether this income is sufficient to maintain their livelihood Male HH Female

Less then Tk. 1276 20 2 No

1276 to 1497 22 1.69 No

Tk. 1498 -2243 26 0 No

Tk. 2244 above 28 0 yes Source: BBS HS Report 2010 and PRRA

The first two groups of income in the table F 9 belong to below-poverty level. The third income group is above the poverty level which, however, according to FGD participants is not sufficient for a desired living. The fourth group is more than the national average which is found to be sufficient. If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4.), a monthly income of more than BDT 10,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently this is not the case for the majority of the households of the sub project.

3.13 Gender Situation The gender situation in the sub project was assessed through PRR/FGD, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 10.


Sl. No






√ √


√ √























Although in few cases like mobility within community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government women decision making position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still higher in most respects. Gender situation in Kalidaskhali-Arpara cantherefore be characterized as low women empowerment with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.

3.14Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues which have been considered are resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group access to goods and services. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

3.15 Strategies for Livelihood Improvement, Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Kalidaskhali-Arpara reveals the need for undertaking programme especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefit of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. 3.16Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 1497 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing

training for livelihood enhancement. He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self-finance with micro


3.17Implementation Arrangement Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc. But they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement Some NGOs are implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities at project area. They have required capacities to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. The programme therefore should be implemented by outsourcing through appropriate NGOs working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project.

3.18Selection of Appropriate Activities for the Programme Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserve activities which generating income for the target group. The proposed activities are: Potential IGAs: For sub project area feasible IGAs with requirement of initial capital and yearly estimated income are shown in Table 11. The households to be involved with the sub project may select IGA from this list.



Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There are NGOs and MFIs in sub project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Samity or outsourcing NGOs) who may be linked to provide financial support. Skill business and marketing training: The selected member of the household would need to have capacity to manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training need to be provided by the project through the outsourcing NGOs. Involvement of women in all project programme: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training should be women. This is important for women empowerment and minimizes gender inequality

Table 11: Feasible income generating activities for Kalidaskhali-Arpara

Name of opted IGA

Approximate initial capital required to initiate business/

IGA

Yearly profit rate Approximate yearly income

Remarks


@ Tk. 300 per decimal for 50 decimal Tk 15,000

approximately Tk. 150% (with two crops a year)

Tk. 22,500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs.

Beef fattening For two calf Tk. 20,000

approximately 75% TK 15,000 “ “


Tk. 20,000 approximately 100% with two times turn over in two rice seasons

Tk. 20,000 “ “

Small scale fish culture Tk. 20,000 to 25,000 Approximately 100%

Tk. 20,000 to 25,000

“ “


Tk. 70,000 Approximately 50% Tk. 35,000 This activity may be suitable for marginal and small farmers. The may get loan from NGOs/MFIs for purchasing power tiller.



Tk. 15,000 This is a women friendly activity and they may get loans from NGOs.



Tk. 30,000-45,000

For such activity NGO/MFI loan is available locally.



Employment in construction and maintenance work in or around project area. This activity need skill training.




Activity need skill training.


3.19Livelihood improvement for Vulnerable Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households living in Kalidaskhali-Arpara They do not posses any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability are also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number is not significant. An estimate with the help of Upazila parishad shows that their number in 84 villages could be approximately 150. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is needed to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grant in-kind may show useful result in improving their livelihood. The project also may consider to distribute poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income.

3.20 Institutional arrangement through WMGs Institutional arrangement for gender and livelihood enhancement programme deserves a special attention. BWDB promotes their water management programme through WMGs at farmer‟s level. In Kalidaskhali-Arpara28



WMGs are proposed to be formed. The gender and livelihood programme may be integrated with this grass root level organization for selection of beneficiaries and supportive action from “outsourcing” NGO. Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Plan Based on strategies proposed in Chapter 5 an action plan with budget has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies

Table 12: Action Plan for Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement

Target/output Main Activities Responsibilities

Support Needed Time Frame


Select NGOs, provide ToR, , issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP















NGO/Resource person


Within month of formation of WMG.


















At the end of training



Within 4 weeks after training completion






PMO monitors/NGO

Own initiative of NGO

Continue till end of project



3.21Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on action plan presented in Chapter 6. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows:

Per participant costs for 2 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource person allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics)

Per participant costs for 4 days ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (includes participant and resource person allowance, venue and training material cost)

Per beneficiary trainee costs for an average 15 days training ( includes 2 days orientation on gender) on skills and business training

NGO service charge (including staff salary) for implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement programme.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation The basis for estimation is the rate proposed or used for other sub projects of this project currently being implemented.

Table 13 Budget for gender and livelihood support for Kalidaskhali-Arpara Sub Project

Sl. No.

Item

Average orientation or training cost per participant or trainee (Tk.)

No of participants /trainees (F)

Total cost for each item/activity (Tk.)

Remarks


1,000 336(112) 336,000 Include all costs


Not needed, ToT organized for Beel Sukinia will serve the purpose for all sub project



2,500 1,478(739)

3,695.000 Include all costs


5,000 150 750,000 Include all costs

Sub total 4,781,000

5 NGO service cost (10% of sub total

478,100


A detailed break down of costs for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills, trade, locality and venue.

3.22Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme

a. Economic Benefits. Undertaking wage based and self employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of increased per capita income poverty will reduce. This will contribute to increase per capita national income. b. Social Benefits: Poverty is not only an economic issue, it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social



problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment contribute to bring social stability, contribute to gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development in the field of education, health and culture.

3.20 Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side: GFP / PMO / SMO / ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG will form a monitoring committee and will provide a quarterly report to the PMO / Project authority, copy to Gender and Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on action or implementation plan is suggested to be developed.

3.21 Implementation of Gender Policy In line with the national gender policy, policies for women participation in water management have already been proposed / recommended for other sub-projects currently being implemented under this project. These policies should also be taken into consideration for promotion of gender equality in Kalidaskhali-Arpara sub-project. The WMGs may the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows:

Participation in water resources operation and maintenance for women capacity building need to be stressed.

Minimum 70% poor / non poor women are always beneficiary of any water related program.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted for any other IGA participation.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted for various IGA / Skill / WMG / leadership empowering / capacity building / agri-based / fish farm / O&M of water structures training.

Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are always beneficiary of WMG programs.


Ensure women‟s security in all sphere of state, society and family.




Establish Women‟s human rights.






Establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and all other economic activities.

Devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to women.


Ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelter for women.



Reflect gender perspective in mass-media by projection positive image of women.

Provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women.

Provide support services in the advancement of women.

3.22 Conclusions and Recommendations Considering the social aspects within the sub project/Kalisdaskali-Arpara further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process. The current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub-project area justifies project interventions. In the PRRAs conducted in the sub-project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of



existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA team to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management of Khalisdaskali-Arpara sub-project.

Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further to these, some recommendations to be focused while undertaking the gender and livelihood programme are as follows:

- The approach of gender equality promotion and livelihood enhancement should be integrated within the

capacity building process of the WMG management body; - WMGs are recommended to be the focal point to oversee the implementation of GLEP; - Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amounts, and its provisions in

overall sub project budget may therefore deserved special consideration; - Target/output proposed in the action plan may be further extended, but recommended not to be squeezed

to avoid social risks of bypassing the underprivileged section of the community and gender dimension; - Employing women in operation and maintenance of the water infrastructure; that is another gender

dimension to enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women. Generally men are employed in operation and maintenance of the water control structures and they get the financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with men equal number of women must also be given the opportunity for this activity;

- Detail planning of GLEP are recommended to be made in coordination with other components of the sub-project.



APPENDIX- 8


PURULIA CHARBHATPARA



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from July to September 2018 at Purulia-Charbhatpara subproject. A well-qualified and experienced team comprising of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. A post-project survey is also planned in PAM/DPP. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be made to:

Measure the degree of change,




Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and

Environment

2. Data Sources and Methodology

Existing Secondary Data These included the 2011 census and other reports, which provided information on area, number of population, age structure, housing condition, water and sanitation. These data have been used for cross checking information on demographic, occupational structure, educational attainment, and land holding and other socio-economic condition of the subproject area.

3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 10 FGDs were carried out under the study. In each FGD 10-15 participants were present. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. Almost all (100%) households were surveyed of the project area.

Key Informants Interview (KII) A total number of 13 Key Informants Interview (KII) were carried out within the subproject area with officials and knowledgeable persons. The Key persons were; Upazila and NGO officials, UP chairmen, members both male and female, teachers, Imam and other knowledge persons of the area. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview.

4. Household Survey

For quantitative information, household survey was conducted during July-September, 2018 for obtaining existing scoio-economic condition of the local people within the subproject area. Almost all (100%) households were surveyed of the subproject area. The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the computerized households data and qualitative data as well. The survey covered a total number of 5918 households. The combined questionnaires on Socio-Economic. Agriculture, Environment and Fishery survey was used for the survey. The household questionnaire and the checklist for FGD and KII are enclosed in the Appendix.

5. General Information on Purulia-Charbhatpara subproject

The sub project Purulia-Charbhatpara is located at Ratul and Kassiani union under Kassiani Upazila of Gopalganj district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and farm related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Madhumati River follows at the north-southern side of the sub-project. According to the land survey, the



gross area of the sub project is 1270 ha and net area is 1000. But the household‟s survey data shows that the gross area is 1328. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table-1.

Table- 1: General Information on Sub Project


Name of Districts 1 Gopalganj

Name of Upazila 1 Kassiani

Name and number of Unions

2 Ratail 100%, Kassiani 40%

Number of Villages 22 Survey Report

Total Gross Area (ha) * 1328 Household survey,2017

Total Net Area 1000 Household survey,2017

Total Households 5918 Household survey,2017

Total Population 26860 Household survey Report

Gender and Livelihoo Budget

37,90000 Household survey Report

Households Size 4.5 Higher than national (4.3. BBS 2011)

Source: HH Sample survey *NB: The surveyed area coincides with Union boundary and deviates slightly from hydrological boundary of the

subproject area (of 1270 ha)



Figure 1: Base map of Purulia-Charbhatpara subproject



51.16% 48.84%


Male Female

34.15%

46.92%

12.33% 6.60%

Age Structure of Surveyed Population

Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

5.1 Findings of the socio-economic survey: This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

5.2 Population and Sex Ratio

In Purulia-Charbhatpara the total households was found to be 5918 and population 26860.The average population per village is 1033. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Purulia-Charbhatpara it is 51.16% male against 48.84% female (calculated on the basis of 13740 male and 13119 female). The household size is within the range of 4.45 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011, population Census Report the national average household size is 4.48 and for the district of Gopalganj it is 4.6. The following table and graph shows the households, Population and Sex Ratio of the surveyed households.

Table– 2: Population and Sex Ratio Name of Union

Total Population

Population HHs Size

Male Female No of

HHs

Ratail 19287 9868 9419 4250 4.54

Kassiani 7573 3872 3700 1668 4.54

Total 26860 13740 13119 5918 4.54

Source: HHs Survey, 2018, SAIWRPMP, BWDB

5.3 Age structure

In Purulia-Charbhatpara the productive labour force or 18-60 age group of population is 60.22% significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 years are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Purulia-Charbhatpara is presented in Table-3. Table 3: Age groups of population



Number Percentage

Upto 17 9152 34.15

18- 45 12546 46.92

46-60 3352 12.33

61 and above 1810 6.60

Total 26860 100.00



32.75%

26.20% 19.96%

0.72%

0.22%

6.93%

13.22%

Occupational Structure

Farmer Business

Service Fishermen

Fish-farmers Housewife

Others

92.58%

7.42%

Male and Female Headed Households


91.17%

1.76%

6.13% 0.94%

Marital Status

Married Unmarried

Widow/Widower Divorced/Seperated

5.4 Male and Female Headed Household In Purulia Charbhatpara sub project the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 439 (7.42%) and 5479 (92.58%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. The result is consistent with other districts where the percentage is less than 10%. Table. 4 shows that the male and female headed household of Purulia Charbhatpara subproject.

Table -4: Male and Female Headed Household

Sl. No Name of Union Total Households Male Headed Female Headed 1. Ratail 4250 3935 315 2. Kashiani 1668 1544 124 Total 5918 5479 439


5.5 Marital Status

The survey result shows that out of total households, 91.17% are married, followed by widow/widower 6.13%, unmarried 1.76%, separated and divorced 94%. The following table- 5 shows the marital status of the surveyed household‟s heads. Table: 5. Marital Status


Married 15501 91.17

Unmarried 300 1.76

Widow 902 5.17

Widower 14 0.83

Divorced 5 0.31

Separated 107 0.63

Total 16829 100.0


5.6 Occupation

An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming 32.75%, business 26.20%, service 19.96%, housewife 6.93%, fishermen 0.22%, fisher farmers 0.72% and other occupation 13.22% which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social recognition of this work as occupation, not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Purulia Charbhatpara is presented in the bar chart and Table 6.



89.24%

10.76%

Educational Status

Literate Illiterate

11.60%

81.50%

6.54% 0.36%

Housing Status


Table -6 Occupational Structure of the Households heads


Number Percent (%)

Farmer 1938 32.75

Business 1550 26.20

Service 1181 19.96

Fishermen 44 0.72


Housewife 410 6.93

Others 782 13.22

Total 5918 100.00


5.7 Educational Status The average literacy rate of population of 5 years and above in the Purulia Charbhatpara is (89.24%) and illiterate is (10.76%), which is much higher than the national average of (56.0%) BBS, 2011. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is 51.89% and female literacy rate is 48.1%. On the other hand the illiteracy rate among the female population is higher 55.28% than that of male population 44.71%.The following figure and Table 7 shows the educational status of the surveyed households.

Table-7: Educational Attainment

Education Status (5 years and above) Literacy Rate (%) Total %

Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 5545 49.77 5063 48.99 11097 46.10



Degree & Above/ Equivalent 780 6.99 750 7.20 1249 5.19

Total 11147 100.0 10334 100.0 21481 89.24

% of Total Literate 11147 51.89 10334 48.11 21481 89.24

% of Total Illiterate 1158 44.71 1432 55.28 2590 10.76

Total 12305 - 11766 - 24072 100.0


5.8 Housing Characteristics

The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (81.50%), followed by concrete roof (11.60%), straw roof (6.54%) and others (0.36%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-8 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Purulia Charbhatpara.




99.81%

0.19%



Table: 8 Housing Status Sources: H.H survey, 2018

5.9 Household Water Supply

Most of the households of the Purulia-Charbhatpara drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The

data shows that 99.81% population drink tubewell water and 0.19% drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Arsenic contaminated water was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. About (76.80%) respondents mentioned that the quality of water has been tested. Table -9 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households. Table-9 Sources of Drinking Water

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 5.10 Sanitation Facility

The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (80.0%), followed by pucca (14.18%) and kutcha (5.82%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-10. The table shows that almost (95.55%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation.

Table –10: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH

Name of Union Pucca/Concrete Ring slab Kutcha/Unhygienic Total Number

Number Percent (RoW) Number Percent (RoW)

Number Percent (RoW)

Ratail 655 15.41 3385 80.0 210 4.94 4250 Kashiani 205 12.30 1351 80.0 112 6.71 1668

Total 860 14.18 4736 80.0 322 5.82 5918

Source: Households survey, 2018

5.11 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depends largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from 12 shows that the totald land of the surveyed village is 1328 ha. Most of the land (80.70%) falls in Ratail union and remaining (19.30%) falls in Kashiani union. On the other hand Table-12 shows that out of the total land, (71.19%) is agriculture land, (23.07%) homestead land, (2.96%) pond & water body and (2.78%) is fallow land. The following Table 11 and 12 show the land type and union wise quantity of subproject area.

Table–11 Union wise quantity of Land of surveyed HH Name

of Union




Kashiani 44522 69.67 15440 25.16 1690 2.60 1699 2.6 63351 19.30

Ratail 189,540 46.33 59,665 22.53 7,503 2.83 8,102 3.0 264,816 80.70


CI sheet 4825 81.50


Others 21 0.36

Total 5918 100.00

Sources of

Drinking Water

No. Percent Whether Tubewell

water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Tube well 5907 99.81 Yes 4545 76.80

Ponds 11 0.19 No 1313 23.20

Total 5918 100.00 Total 5918 100.00



71.19% 23.07%

2.78% 2.96%

Land Type of Purulia Charbhatpara


Fallow land Pond/water body

Total 234,062 - 75,105 47.69 9,202 5.43 9,801 5.6 328,167 100.0


Table -12 Type of Land


5.12 Monthly Income and Expenditure Status

The table of ownership of land asset shows that the percentage of marginal farmers is the highest (32.81%) followed by small farmer (20.36%).Together they constitute (53.51%), meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is marginal and small farmers. Marginal and small farmers are as characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About (27.65%) of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (27.65%) and their monthly average income is Tk.9922 and expenditure is Tk.10241. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 2-3 per village. The landless and the marginal farmers are living in extreme poverty level. The first two income groups in the table-13 belong to poverty level. The third income group small farmers (20.36%) is from the upper poverty level which however, according to survey result, is not sufficient for a desired livelihood. If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household, a monthly income more than Tk 12,000.00 is needed to maintain a desired livelihood of minimum standard.

Table: 13 Average Monthly Income and Expenditure


Average Monthly

Expenditure






Total 100.00 15644 16609 Household’s survey, 2018

5.13 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty. This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non-food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS). The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure

Type of Land

Land quantity (dec.) Percent

Agricultural 234060 71.19


Fallow land 9201 2.78

Pond/water body

9801 2.96

Total 328,167 (1328 ha) 100.0



48.92% 51.08%

Vulnerable Status of the House Holds

Vulnerable Not Vulnerable

Survey (HIES). Table 14 shows that the BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2019. If we consider the household size 4.5, the upper poverty line is Tk.12000/month and lower poverty level is Tk. below Tk.10000/per month. As the sub-project area belongs to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines are applied also for the sub-project area.




2445 (2019)

1276 (2010)

2103 (2019)


2773 (2019)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2019)

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2019

5.14 Poverty Status of Male and Female Headed Households

The average incidence of poverty in project area is 65.30%. The data shows that 100% female headed households head are living below poverty level. The figure is higher than the district figure shown in the poverty map of Bangladesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Gopalganj district is between 39%-49%. A more than average rural poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area.

5.15 Destitute/Vulnerable

Considering land, occupation and other assets, the survey team members assessed their vulnerability. The

surveyed data shows that out of the total households about 48.92% households are vulnerable. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no or a small land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status

of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 63.92% households earn below Tk.12000 per month. Table 16-shows the vulnerable status of the sub-project area. Table: 16 Destitute/Vulnerable

Destitute/Vulnerable

Number Percent

Yes 2825 48.92

No 3022 51.08

Total 5918 100.00


5.16 Livelihood

Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood.

Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Purulia-Charbhatpara through FGD, KII and households survey undertaken by the survey team members. The analysis of ownership of land is presented in Table-17.

Table 17: Category of land holdings/ownership in sub project Purulia-Charbhatpara

Category & Landholding range

Total farmers

Percentage

Male Headed (94%)

Percentage Female Headed

(6%)

Percentage

less than 5 decimal 1636 27.65 1460 27.29 187 32.45

6-49 decimal 1928 32.58 1690 31.68 252 43.85



28.60%

3.71% 36.95%

10.15%

20.58%

Income Generating Activities


Business Others

50-249 decimal 1241 20.98 1088 20.76 135 23.55

250-750 decimal 985 16.65 982 17.96 01 0.15

750 decimal and above 127 2.14 123 2.31 0 0.0

Total 5918 100.00 5341 100.00 575 100.00

Source: Households survey 2018

5.17 Household Heads Involved with NGOs

The survey data shows that out of total surveyed households 1690 (28.56%) mentioned that they are involved with an NGO or with others organizations. Among them 169 (10%) mentioned that they received training from the NGOs Youth Department or government organizations. On the other hand out of the total respondents about (2.81%) mentioned that they received training from an organization. Table-18 shows the households involved with NGOs and training received from different organization.

Table: 18 Involved with organization and Training Received


5.18 Households Heads Involved With Different Income Generation Activities The Table 19 shows that out of total surveyed households 1118 (20.14%) mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about (37%) households is involved with livestock, followed by agriculture (28.60%), business (10.15%), Fisheries (3.71%), (20.58%) in other activities. Table: 19 Involved with Income Generating activity

Household’s survey, 2018

5.19 Gender Situation

The Gender situation in sub projectwas assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table -20.


Sl. No






√ √

Mobility outside the community (market, labour, crop field, hospital, bank, fair, movie etc.)

√ √


Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 1690 28.56 Yes 48 2.81

No 4228 71.44 No 1642 97.19

Total 5918 100.00 Total 1690 100.00


Number Percent


Fisheries 41 3.71

Livestock 413 36.95

Business 113 10.15

Others 230 20.58

Total 1118 100.00












a. Participation in the Mosque/mondir committee √ √




e. Participation in union parishad √ √






Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters‟ marriage etc. the position of women ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects.

Based on the previous paragraph, the gender situation in Purulia Charbhatpara can be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.

Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women involvement in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women will receive skill and capacity development training from the project. The destitute and female headed households will receive cash and kind support from the project. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works.

5.20 Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. These issues are resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability, other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected. On the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group access to goods and services. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

5.20 Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development

The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood,poverty and gender situation in Purulia Charbhatpara reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed.

5.22 Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project

assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows:



Household with land from 0-49 decimal and monthly per capita income Tk.2445 (live poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and

above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and

marketing training for livelihood enhancement. He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self finance with

micro credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project

5.23 Improvement for Vulnerable/Destitute Households

In addition to poor households there are vulnerable and female headed households, who are living in Purulia Char Bhatpara subproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 2800. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distributing poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income. The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-21.


SL List of Planned Collective Activation by WMGs Members

Importance of the Training No. of Targeted Participants

01 Training on Gender Concept and Gender mainstreaming

The participants will have an idea about gender role, difference between sex and gender, gender mainstreaming etc. The resources person can be hired from district women affairs and youth office.

150

02 Poultry rearing This is very easy and profitable income generating activities for poor and destitute women. The resources person can be hired from the Upazila livestock office.

100

03 Cattle and goat rearing This is short duration and profitable income generating activities for women. The resources person can be hired from the District/Upazila livestock office.

100


100

05 Sewing and Tailoring The participants will be skilled on tailoring. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office or Department of women Affairs

15

06 Leadership Development This training is required for women Leadership development. The resources person can be hired from the District/Upazila youth and Women Affairs office

100

07 Fish Cultivation The participants will be skilled on tailoring. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office or Department of women Affairs

100

Total

5.24Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement.

To cope with the situation the Executive Agency BWDB recruited 120 Community Facilitators (CF) and 20 Senior Facilitators (SF) for implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. Different trainings are being provided to them to develop their capacity to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement.



5.25 Budget

Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Annex-7. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows


Per participant cost for 4 days ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (include trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)r beneficiary trainee cost for an average 15 days training (included 2 day‟s orientation on gender) on skills and business training.

Livelihood asset support through grant in kind to vulnerable/destitute 200 household in average Tk.5000 The PMO staffs will implement the gender and livelihood enhancement program.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation


Table 22: Budget for Livelihood and Gender Support at Purulia-Charbhatpara Sub Project

Sl. No Cost item description No. of Batch and Participate Cost (Tk.) Total cost for each

item/activity (BDT)

Remarks


1. 3 days gender dimension orientation for 12 WMG management committee

members. 8-9 persons from each WMG (100. 25 persons

will be in one batch.



2. 3 days leadership training for 100 participants in batch



3. Total 15 persons will receive average 15 days skill and

business development training 0n tailoring



4. Training on goat and cattle rearing, 3 days (4 batch) 100

persons



5. Training on Poultry Rearing 3 days (4 batch)



6. 3 days Homestead Gardening (4 batch)

100 persons


7. Fish Culture 3 batch x 100 75 75*500*3 125000 Include all costs

Sub Total 590 995000

8. Livelihood asset support (Duck/Goat/Sewing Machine to

the vulnerable/destitute household

400 6000 2400000

Include all costs

990 3395000

Miscellanies 395000

Total 37,90,000


5.26Economic and Social Benefit of the Livelihood and Gender Program

a. Economic Benefit:

Undertaking new wage based and self-employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of increased per capita income poverty will reduce. This will contribute to increase per capita national income.

b. Social Benefit:



Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with poverty. The increased income and new employment will bring social stability. Gender empowerment will make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development.

5.27Conclusion and Recommendation

It is concluded that poverty and gender situation in the project area are worse than national average. For improvement of social aspects within Purulia-Charbhatpara subproject further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.8), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values. But the figures on poverty, gender and livelihood issues justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process.

In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRA team believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management subproject of Purulia-Charbhatpara Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations to be focused during implementation are as follows:





The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people”. The broader objective of stakeholders participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 10 FGDs and 13 KII were conducted at Purulia Charbhatpara July to September 2018. Total 100 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 33 (33%) were women. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting.








Know people‟s suggestions from the local community (people) for solution of problems

/constraints of the project




Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior Facilitator and Community Facilitator of PMO conducted the FGD and KII. The Key Personnel were Public representatives, school teacher, local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the subproject area. The following is the list KII with date:


List of Key Persons

APPENDIX-9

Sl. No.

Name of Place

Date Participants

Male Female Total

1. Purulia 0.01.2019 5 5 10

2. Shajail 05.01.2019 10 0 10

3. Charbatpara 11.01.2019 9 1 10

4. Tuku Bazar 12.01.2019 10 0 10

5. Kusumdia 15.01.2019 8 2 10

6. Vadulia 16.01.2019 5 5 10

7. Ratail 22.01.2019 3 7 10

8. Pingulia 23.01.2019 7 3 10

9. Horidaspur 22.01.2019 5 5 10

10. Puna 22.01.2019 5 5 10

Total Total 67 33 100

Sl. No.


1. Mr. A.S.M Mainuddin UNO, Kashiani Upazila 01711859993

2. Mr. Jakir Hossain Agriculture Officer, Kashiani 01712211273

3. Mrs. Farzana Khan, Sonia

Upazila Women Affairs Officer 01716484476

4. Md. Osman Ali Village Doctor 017337708

5. Md. Zahidul Islam Teacher 01923757558

6. Md. Moajjam Hossain Village Leader 01712762038

7. Md. Nazimuddin Village Leader 01911263960

8. Md. Chan Miah Freedom fighter 019337817

9. Md. Montu Shekh Business 01757517012

10. Md. Ayub Ali Farmer 0172702082

11. Md. Faruk Hossain Imam 0170327593

12. Md. Nazrul Islam Village Doctor 0172602970

13. Ratna Begum House Wife 01952518260




SATLA-BAGDA SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from September, 2018- July, 2019 at Satla-Bagda. A well-qualified and experience team consisted of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database of the project sites using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be done to:





Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and

Environment A post-project survey is also planned n project DMF

2. Data Sources and Methodology

Existing Secondary Data These included the 2011 census and other reports, which provided information on area, number of population, age structure, housing condition, water and sanitation. These data were also used for cross checking information on occupational structure, educational attainment and land holding and other socio-economic condition of the subproject area. 3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 30 FGDs were carried out under the study. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards, and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the analyzed households data and qualitative data as well. Key Informants Interview (KII) A total Number of 30 Key Informants Interview were conducted in each Upazila with the concerned officials and knowledgeable persons in the project area, like NGO personnel, concerned Upazila, BWDB, UP Chairmen and LGED officials. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview. 4. Household Survey In all 64 villages of thirteen unions have been considered for conducing household survey on socio-economy. The sampling of households has considered 10% as households as samples. The number of household selected is significantly higher than that required for random sampling under statistical sampling requirement considering 95% confidence limit and 5% error of limit. The sample size of 384 would have sufficed considering 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error, which are usually considered to be justified for one domain. Thus the number of households considered on 10% of total household is sufficient as sample households, provided proper random sampling has been done. Out of the total 21550 households, 2155 (10%) households were surveyed. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analyzed households data, secondary data and qualitative data as well. Separate checklist was used for the survey 5. General Information on Satla-Bagda Sub-Project The sub project Satla-Bagda is located mostly at Kotalipara of Gopalgonj district and some part of Barisal and pirojpur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Biskhali River follows at the East, Ghagor at the west, Jhojhonia at the South site of the project area. The major khals are; Boro Khal, Narayan khal, Gojaria khal, Shibpur Khal, Shibpur Branch khal, Bornokhali khal,



Jhonjhonia khal, Ambaria khal, Dumuria khal Karto Khal, Sulekha khal etc. The total area of the subproject is 14618 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table-1.



Figure 1: Map showing WMG Satla-Bagda Polder-1

Description of information

Number/ quantity

Remarks

Name of Districts 3 Gopangonj, Barisal, Pirojpur

Name of Upazila 5 Agailghara,Ujirpur,Kotalipara andTunipara and Nazirpur


13 Amtali, Bandhabari, Pinjuri Kandi,Ghagor, Suagram ,Dumuria, Sathla, Bagda, Malikhali and Bakal


Total Gross Area 14600 Field Survey Report



Households Size 4. Field Survey Report




35.88%

43.39%

13.97% 6.77%

Age Stucture of the Surveyed Population

Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

52.38% 47.62%

Population and sex Ratio

Male Female

5.1 Findings of the socio-economic survey This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

5.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Satla-Bagda the total households and population was found to be 2013 and 9563respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Satla-Bagda it is (52.38%) male against (47.61%) female (calculated on the basis of 5010 male and 4550 female). The household size is within the range of 4.7 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.7 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4. The following table and graph shows the households. Population and sex ratio of the surveyed households. Table – 2: Population and Sex Ratio

Name of Union

Total Population

Population HHs Size Male Femal

e No of HHs

Bandhabari 423 222 201 90 4.70

Kandi 2062 1072 990 426 4.84

Sathla 1030 540 490 224 4.6

Malikhali 216 114 102 48 4.5

Pinjuri 809 424 385 176 4.61

Bagdha 898 473 425 195 4.68

Bakal 147 77 70 32 4.68

Amtali 1683 882 801 350 4.81

Ghagor 540 283 257 120

4.50

Suagram 985 516 469 204 4.83

Dumuria 1369 717 652 290 4.72

Total 10162 5320 4842 2155 4.73

Household‟s survey, 2018

5.3 Age structure

InSatla-Bagda the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (57.36%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Satla-Bagda is presented in Table 3.



Number Percentage

Upto 17 3645 35.88

18- 45 4409 43.39

46-60 1421 13.97

61 and above 687 6.77

Total 10162 100.00



94.50%

5.50%

Male and Female Headed H.H


94.19% 1.24%

3.33%

0.79%

0.15%

0.3

Marital Status of Surveyed H.H


Widower Divorced Separate

5.4 Male and Female Headed Household In Satla-Bagda sub project, the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1902(94.50%) and 111 (5.50%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%. Table-4 and graph shows the male and female headed household of the subproject area. Table 4 Male and Female Headed Household

Households survey 2018 5.5 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, (94.19%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.12%), unmarried (1.24%), separated and divorced (0.5%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The following graph and table shows the marital status of the surveyed households. Table 5: Marital status


Married 2029 94.19

Unmarried 27 1.24

Widow 72 3.33

Widower 17 0.79

Divorced 4 0.15

Separate 6 0.30

Table 2155 100.0

Sources: Households survey

5.6 Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming (37.55%), business (25.13%), service (19.87%), housewife (3.61%), fishermen (1.49%), fish farmers (3.23%) and other occupation, (6.3%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely

Name of Union

Total Households

Male Headed

Female Headed

Bandhabari 90 82 8

Kandi 426 415 11

Sathla 224 214 10

Malikhali 48 42 6

Pinjuri 176 165 11

Bagdha 195 186 9

Bakal 32 28 4

Amtali 350 335 15

Ghagor 120 106 14

Suagram 204 189 15

Dumuria 290 275 15

Total 2155 2037 118



12.92%

31.94%

1.34% 1.49% 3.23%

42.03%

7.05%

Occupational Structure of the Household Heads

Farmer Business Service

Fishermen Fish-farmers Housewife

Others

94.30%

5.70%

Literacy Rate of Male and Female Population

Literate Illiterate

poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society for official and social re cognition of this work as occupation, not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Satla-Bagda is presented in the graphs and Table-6. Table -6 Occupational Structure of the households Heads


5.7 Educational Status The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Satla-Bagda is (94.30%) and illiterate is (5.70%), which is much higher than the national average (56.8%). Sources, BBS: 2011. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (52.85%) and female literacy rate is (46.39%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 56.56% than that of male population (44.37%).The following figure and Table-7 shows the educational status of the surveyed households. Table 7: Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 2237 25.62 2093 23.97 4330 49.59

Upto SSC/Equvalent 1405 16.09 1343 15.38 2748 31.47

Upto HSC/Equvalent 395 4.52 297 3.40 692 7.92

Degree & Above/Equvalent 315 3.61 149 1.71 464 5.31

Total Literate 4352 49.84 3882 44.46 8234 94.30


Total 4573 52.37 4159 47.63 8732 100.00


5.8 Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (98.56%), followed by concrete roof (1.29%), straw roof (0.15%) and others (0.7%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-8 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Satla-Bagda.


Number Percent

Farmer 809 37.55

Business 542 25.13

Service 428 19.87

Fishermen 32 1.49


Housewife 142 6.6

Others 131 6.3

Total 2155 100.00



9.49%

88.47%

2.04%

Sanitation Status of the Households Heads


1.29%

98.56%

0.15% 0%

Housing Status


Table -8 Housing status


5.9 Household water supply Most of the households of the Satla-Bagda drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (99.52%) population drink tube-well water and (0.48%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. In regards to the quality tested of drinking water about (20.93%) mentioned that the quality of water has not been tested. Table-9 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households.

Table: 9 Sources of Drinking Water & Water quality tested


Number

Percent Whether Water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Tubewell 2144 99.52 Yes 1722 79.93

Ponds 11 0.48 No 433 20.07

Total 2155 100.00 Total 2155 100.00


5.10 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (88.47%), followed by pucca (9.49%) and kutcha (2.04%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-10. The table shows that almost (80%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation. Table: 10 Type of Latrine




CI sheet 2123 98.56


Others 0 0.00

Total 2155 100.00

Type of Latrine

Number Percent

Pucca 204 9.49

Ringslub 1906 88.47

Kaccha 45 2.04

Total 2155 100



18.94%

11.04%

24.08%

45.94%

Assets of the Surveyed H.H

TV Fridge Both (TV & Fridge) None

73.42%

15.18%

11.44%

Type of Landof Surveyed Households

Agricultural Homestead/Fallow Pond/water body

5.10 Ownership of TV, Fridge in House

Table-11 shows the ownership of TV and fridge of the household heads. The data shows that most of the houses 924 (45.94) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 18.94% have TV and 11.04% have Fridge and 24.08% have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. Table 11: Household Assets


TV 408 18.94

Fridge 338 11.04


None 990 45.94

Total 2155 100.0


5.12 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depend largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from Table 11 shows that (74.97%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture (11.35%) homestead (11.9%) are wetland and fallow land (2.59%). The data shows that most of the agricultural land (39.38%) falls in polder-2 and lowest at Polder-5 (3.76%). The following table. 12 and 13 shows the land type and union wise quantity of land within the subproject area.

Table–12: Union wise quantity of land and land type of the surveyed area




Bandhabari 11,299 6.03 2,821 1.5 0 0.00 1,503 0.80 15,623 8.34

Kandi 44,569 23.80 3,051 1.62 1,322 0.71 3,678 1.96 52620 28.13

Pinjuri 23,326 12.45 4,030 2.15 275 0.15 3,426 1.82 31057 16.58

Bagdha 12,096 6.46 4,054 2.16 260 0.11 3,142 1.67 19552 10.44

Bakal 13,689 7.31 3,732 1.99 556 0.30 3,222 1.72 21199 11.32

Amtali 7,253 3.87 1349 0.72 1000 0.53 2131 1.01 11733 6.26

Suagram 15,096 8.06 4,054 2.16 260 0.14 4,042 2.10 23452 12.52

Dumuria 10,153 5.44 1084 0.76 500 0.26 282 0.15 12019 6.41

Total 137,481 73.38 24,175 12.91 4,173 2.27 21,426 11.44 187,255 100.0



Percent


Homestead/Fallow 28348 15.18

Pond/water body 28348 11.44

Total 187,255 100.00


5.13 Income Status of the Households Head The survey data shows that most of the household‟s head 52.60% earn below Tk.10000, followed by 12.41% earn Tk. 10001-13000, the 3

rd income category is 11.43%, who earn Tk.13001-15000. According to the national

poverty category the 1st two groups fall in the poverty level. The following Table-14 shows the income level of the households head s of the surveyed area.



52.60%

12.41%

11.43%

10.93% 7.05%

Income Status of the Households Head

0-10000 10001-13000 13001-15000

15001-20000 20001-25000

63.69%

36.31%

Percentage of Vulnerable

Vulnerable Not Vulnerable

Table 14 - Income Group of Area


5.14 Destitute/Vulnerable The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (63.69%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 65.01% households earn below Tk.1200 per month. Using the upper poverty line, in HIES 2016 the Head Count Rates (HCR) of incidence of poverty are estimated at 24.3% at the national level, 26.4% in rural areas and 18.9% in urban areas. While in 2010, these rates were 31.5% at the national level, 35.2% in rural areas and 21.3% in urban areas respectively. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. Another 29 percent of the rural population is considered moderately poor. Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally have enough to eat, their diets lack nutritional value. The women are the poorest of the rural poor of the society, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer from discrimination and have few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate. Table 15 shows the vulnerable status of the sub project area. Table -15: Destitute/Vulnerable


Number Percent

Yes 1372 63.69

No 783 36.31

Total 2155 100.00


5.15 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS). The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. the lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 k cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBs set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their household income expenditure survey. As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area. Table.16 shows the upper and lower level poverty line for Dhaka division.

Income Group Number Percentage

0-10000 1133 52.60

10001-13000 288 13.41

13001-15000 268 12.43

15001-20000 235 10.93

20001-25000 151 7.05

>25000 77 3.58

Total 2155 100.0





Dhaka Rural

1497 (2010)

2445 (2019)

1276 (2010)

2083 (2019)


2773 (2018)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2018)

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2018.

5.16 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood.

Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Satla-Bagda through PRA and households survey undertaken by the survey team members. The analysis of ownership of land is presented in Table.15.

5.17 Monthly Income and Expenditure Status The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (35.56%) and their monthly average income is Tk.10796 and expenditure is Tk.11596 followed by small farmers 28.84% and their income is Tk.11613 and expenditure Tk.12601.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 29.88% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 3-4 per village. If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.7), a monthly income less than Tk. 12,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The data shows that the income and expenditure of the landless and marginal farmers is more than two times less than that of medium and large farmers. The table-17 shows the average monthly income and expenditure of the surveyed households.









Total 100.00 18091 18747


5.18 Household Heads Involved with NGOs The survey data shows that out of total households surveyed (30.53%) mentioned that they are involved with the NGO or with others organizations. Among them 302 (23.53%) mentioned that they received training from an NGO, Youth Department or government organization. On the other hand, out of the total respondents about 556 (13.22%) mentioned that they are involved with more than one income generating activities within their vicinity. Table 18 and 19 shows that the Working population involved with organization and training received.



50.54%

20.14%

21.04%

6.12% 2.16%

Household Head Involved in Income Generation Activities

Agriculture Fisheries Livestock Business Others

Table: 18 Working population Involved with organization and Training Received

Household‟s survey, 2018 Table 19 shows that out of total household heads 12.75% mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about 50.54% households involved with livestock, followed by livestock 21.04%, Fishery 20.14% business 6.12% and 2.16% involved in other activities. Table: 19 Involved with Income Generating activity

Income Generating

activity

Number Percent


Fisheries 112 20.14

Livestock 117 21.04

Business 34 6.12

Others 12 2.16

Total 556 100.00

Household’s survey, 2018

5.19 Gender Situation

The Gender situation in sub projectwas assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 20.


Sl. No






√ √


√ √ √





















Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 658 30.53 Yes 154 23.53

No 1497 69.47 No 502 76.46

Total 2155 100.00 Total 658 100.0



Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government the position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects. The Gender situation of Satla-Bagda therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women engaged in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works.

5.20 Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues of land acquisition, resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities will be taken care as per ADB and Government rules and regulation. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program. Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Satla-Bagda reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 2445 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing


credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project Improvement for Vulnerable /Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households female headed households are living inSatla-Bagda subproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 675. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distribute poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income. The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-21.




SL List of Planned Collective

Activation by WMGs Members Importance of the Training No. of Targeted

Participants



2100


200


200


200

05 Sewing and Tailoring The participants will be skilled on tailoring. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office or Department of women Affairs

30


200

Total 930

5.21 Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement.

To cope up the situation the Executive Agency BWDB recruited 100 Community Facilitators (CF) and 20 Senior Facilitators (SF) for implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. Different training are being provided to them to develop their capacity to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement.



trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)


Selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation




Table 22: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Satla-Bagda Sub Project Sl. No Cost item description No.of Batch and Participate Cost (Tk.) Total cost for

each item/activity

(BDT)

Remarks


1 3 days gender dimension orientation for 10 WMG management committee members. 6 persons from each WMG (100. 25 persons will be in one batch.



2 3 days leadership training for 100 participants in batch



3 Total 15 persons will receive average 15 days skill and business development training 0n tailoring



4 Training on goat and cattle rearing, 3 days (8 batch) 100 persons



5 Training on Poultry Rearing 3 days (8batch)



6 3 days Homestead Gardening (8 batch) 100 persons


Sub Total 1030 1800000

7 Livelihood asset support (Duck/Goat/Sewing Machine to the vulnerable/destitute household

600 6000 3600000 Include all costs

1690 5400000

Miscellanies (10%) 504000

Total 5904000

Taka In word: Fifty Nine Lac and four Thousand only. Detail break down of cost for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills/ trade, locality and venue.

5.23 Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a. Economic Benefit: Undertaking new wage based and self-employment will increase their income. It is expected that the poverty will decrease as a result of increased per capita income.

b. Social Benefit: Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment would contribute social stability, gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development of the society as well as in the country.

5.24 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the social aspects within the sub project Satla-Bagda further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.1), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process. Current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub project area justifies project interventions.



In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management at Satla-Bagda subproject. Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations for focused during implementation are as follows:








The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people. The broader objective of stake holder‟s participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 09 FGDs and 10 KII were conducted at Satla-Bagda July to September 2018. Total 106 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 31 (33%) were women and 71 (67%) are men. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting. All the participants of the meetings and Key Informants are willing to participate in all stages


Create awareness of stakeholders (local people and union Parishad officials) and provide them general




Know people‟s suggestions from the local community (people) for solution of problems /constraints of

the project




Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior Facilitator and Community Facilitator of PMO conducted the FGD and KII. The Key Personnel were Public representatives, school teacher and local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the area. The following is the list FGD with date:




Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior Facilitator and Community Facilitator of PMO conducted the FGD and KII. The Key Personnel were Public representatives, school teacher, local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the area. The following is the list of KII with date:

List of KII

Sl. No.


1. Md. Monzurul Village Leader 01719448358

2. Md. Abul Kalam Farmer 01939385517

3. Susil Mondon Farmer 01725691365

4. Md. Sottar Businessman 01732602680

5. Md. Habibur Village Leader 01757434357

6. Basud Farmer 01750155562

7. Mohindro Nath Hawlader Chairman 01721200924

8. Sudoy Saha Secretary 01923319843

9. Abdul Khalek Azad Chairman 01712009440

10. Mst. Nasima Begum UP Member 01766126295

Sl. No.

Name of Place Date Participants

Male Female Total

1. Pashchim Bagda, Agoiljara 04.08.2019 06 04 10

2. Alamudi, Uzirpur, Barisal 05.08.2019 09 03 12

3. Bagan, Uttarpara, Kotalipara 07.08.2019 10 04 14

4. Koykha, Kotalipara 07.08.2019 10 05 15

5. Village: Tarail-Gopalpur, Union: Dumuria, Tungipara, Gopalganj

28.11.2018 06 04 10

6. Village: Bandhabari, Union: Banhabari, Kotalipara, Gopalgonj.

028.11.2018 07 07 14

7. Village: Dhara bashil, Union: Kandi Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalgonj.

28.11.2018 07 03 10

8. Village: Hijal Bari, Union: Kandi Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalgonj

27.11.2018

06 03 09

9. Village: Bandhabari, Union: Banhabari, Kotalipara, Gopalgonj.

29.11.2018

10 02 12

Total 71 35 106



APPENDIX-10


TARAIL-PACHURIA SUB-PROJECT



The participants will be skilled on tailoring. The resources person can be hired from the District Youth office or Department of women Affairs

1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from September –December, 2018 at Tarail Pachuria subproject. A well-qualified and experience team consisted of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database of the project sites using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be done to:





Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and

Environment A post-project survey is also planned n project DMF.

2. Data Sources and Methodology Existing Secondary Data These included the 2011 census and other reports, which provided information on area, number of population, age structure, housing condition, water and sanitation. These data were also used for cross checking information on occupational structure, educational attainment and land holding and other socio-economic condition of the subproject area.

3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 30 FGDs were carried out under the study. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards, and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD.The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data and qualitative data as well. Key Informants Interview (KII) Key Informants Interview was conducted in each Upazila with the concerned officials and knowledgeable persons in the project area, like NGO personnel, concerned Upazila, BWDB and LGED officials. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview.

4. Household Survey For collecting quantitative information, a baseline survey was conducted during September-December 2018. Total household of the subproject area is 42030 (UP Survey 2018). Out of the total households, 4203 (10%) households were surveyed. After defining the WMG area the households has been fixed at 37413. The number of household selected is significantly higher than that required for random sampling under statistical sampling requirement considering 95% confidence limit and 2% error of limit. The number of households considered on 10% of total household is sufficient as sample households, provided proper random sampling has been done. The survey excluded the Pourashava area. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analyzed households data, secondary data and qualitative data as well. Separate checklist was used for the survey.



5. General Information on Tarail Pachuria Sub-Project

The sub project Tarail-Pachuria is located mostly at Kotalipara and a part of Gopalgonj Sadar Upazila of Gopalgonj district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. There are 111 villages and 11 unions within the subproject area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The river Madhumoti follows at the south western boundary and the river Gohar follows at the north east boundary of the subproject area. The major khals are Barni, Khanarpar khal, Poisharhat khal, Gohor Bhanga khal, Katar khal, Shanir khal etc. The total area of the subproject is 21606 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table-1.



Name of Districts 1 Gopangonj

Name of Upazila 3 Kotalipara and Gopangonj

Name and number of Unions 11 Borasi,Durgapur,Gobra,Rogunathpur,Kajolia,Kathi, Kushla, Majhgati,Hiran,Pinjuri,Gopalpur,Dumuria, Patgati,Borni,Kushli,



Total Agriculture Area ha. Field Survey Report








52.14% 47.86%


Male Female

35.10%

44.28%

13.79% 6.83%


Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

5.1 Findings of the socio-economic survey This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

5.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Tarail-Pachuria the total households and population was found to be 4203 and 19963respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Tarail -Pachuria it is (55.06%) male against (46.79%) female (calculated on the basis of 10592 male and 9371 female). The household size is within the range of 4.8 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.3 and for the district of Gopalgonj it is 4.6. The following table and graph shows the households, Population and sex ratio of the surveyed households.

Table – 2: Population and Sex Ratio

Name of Union Total Population Population HHs Size

Male Female No of HHs

Polder-01 4235 2202 2033 898 4.72

Polder-02 9320 4980 4340 2004 4.65

Polder-03 3535 1902 1633 717 4.93

Polder-04 1435 756 679 289 4.97

Polder-05 1438 752 686 295 4.87

Total 19963 10592 9371 4203 4.8

Households survey, 2018

5.3 Age structure InTarail-Pachuria the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (58%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Tarail-Pachuria is presented in Table 3.


Source: Project HH sample survey 5.4 Male and Female Headed Household In Tarail Pachuria sub project, the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 3971(94.50%) and 232(5.50%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%. Table-4 and graph shows the male and female headed household of the subproject area.


Number Percentage

Upto 17 7007 35.10

18- 45 8840 44.28

46-60 2753 13.79

61 and above 1363 6.83

Total 19963 100.0

Sl. No

Name of Union

Total Households

Male Headed

Female Headed



93.91%

1.28% 3.50% 0.88%

0.19%

Marital Status of the Elegable Age Groups

Married Unmarried

Widow Widower

Divorced/Separated

94.50%

5.50%



94.22%

5.78%

Literacy Rate of Male and Female

Total Literate Total Illiterate

39.65%

23.40% 18.58%

1.92%

1.56% 3.61% 11.28%

Occupational Structure of surveyed H.H



Others

Table 4: Male and Female Headed Household Household

survey, 2018

5.5 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, (93.91%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.88%), unmarried (128%), separated and divorced (0.19%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The following graph and table shows the marital status of the surveyed households. Table 5: Marital status


Married 3947 93.91

Unmarried 54 1.28

Widow 147 3.50

Widower 37 0.88

Divorced/Separated 18 0.19

Table 4203 100.00


5.6 Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming (39.65%), business (23.40%), service (18.58%), housewife (3.61%), fishermen (1.92%), fish farmers (1.65%) and other occupation, (11.28%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society for official and social re cognition of this work as occupation, not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Tarail Pachuria is presented in the graphs and Table-7. Table -7 Occupational Structure of the households Heads Occupation of the households Heads

Number Percent (%)

Farmer 1666 39.65

Business 984 23.40

Service 780 18.58

Fishermen 81 1.92


Housewife 151 3.61

Others 474 11.28

Total 4203 100.00


5.7Educational Status The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Tarail Pachuria is (94.22%) and illiterate is (5.78%), which is much higher than the national average (56.8%). Sources, BBS: 2011. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (53.60%) and female literacy rate is (46.39%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 51.48% than that of male population (48.60%).The

1 Polder-01 898 846 52

2 Polder-02 2004 1886 118

3 Polder-03 717 685 32

4 Polder-04 289 275 14

5 Polder-05 295 279 16

Total 4203 3971 232



22.94%

74.85%

2.21%

Sanitation Status of the Households Heads


8.37%

91.20%

0.36% 0.07%

Housing Status of Surveyed Households



following figure and Table-8 shows the educational status of the surveyed households.

Table 8: Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 4642 25.77 4258 23.64 8900 49.41




Total Literate 9096 50.50 7874 43.72 16970 94.22


Total 9601 53.31 8410 46.69 18011 100.00


5.8 Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (91.20%), followed by concrete roof (8.37%), straw roof (0.36%) and others (0.7%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-9 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Tarail Pachuria para. Table -9 Housing status



CI sheet 3833 91.20


Others 3 0.07

Total 4203 100.00


5.9 Household water supply Most of the households of the Tarail Pachuria drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (99.52%) population drink tubewell water and (0.48%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. In regards to the quality tested of drinking water about (78.47%) mentioned that the quality of water has not been tested. Table- 10 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households.

Table: 10 Sources of Drinking Water & Water quality tested


Number


Number Percent

Tubewell 4183 99.52 Yes 3298 78.47

Ponds 20 0.48 No 905 21.53

Total 4203 100.00 Total 4203 100.00

5.10 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (74.85%), followed by pucca (22.94%) and kutcha (2.21%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-11. The table shows that almost (80%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation.



17.94%

10.04%

48.94%

23.08%

Household Assets of Surveyed Households


74.97%

11.09% 2.59%

11.35%

Land Type of the Surveyed Households

Agricultural Homestead Pond/water body Fish Culture

Table: 11 Type of Latrine Sources: H.H survey, 2018

5.11 Ownership of TV, Fridge in House Table -12 shows the ownership of TV and fridge of the household heads. The data shows that most of the houses 2057 (48.95) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 17.94% have TV and 10.04% have Fridge and 23.08%

have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. Table 12: Household Assets


TV 754 17.94

Fridge 422 10.04

None 2057 48.94


Total 4203 100.00


5.12 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depend largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from Table 11 shows that (74.97%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture (11.35%) homestead (11.9%) are wetland and fallow land (2.59%). The data shows that most of the agricultural land (39.38%) falls in polder-2 and lowest at Polder-5 (3.76%). The following table. 11 and 12 shows the land type and union wise quantity of land within the subproject area. Table– 11: Union wise quantity of land and land type of the surveyed area

Name of Union




Polder-01 54,364 12.12 10,333 2.30 289 0.06 5,257 1.17 70,243 15.66

Polder-02 176,665 39.38 23,108 5.15 7,217 1.61 39,283 8.76 246,273 54.90

Polder-03 63,903 14.24 9,298 2.07 3,821 0.85 5,086 1.13 82,108 18.30

Polder-04 24,519 5.47 3,402 0.76 243 0.05 585 0.13 28,749 6.41

Polder-05 16,858 3.76 3,617 0.81 51 0.01 712 0.16 21,238 4.73

Total 336,309 74.97 49,758 11.09 11,621 2.59 50,923 11.35 448,611 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table-12 Land Type of Surveyed H.H Type of Land

Land quantity (dec.)

Percent



Pond/water body

11,621 2.59


Total 448,611 100.00


5.13 Destitute/Vulnerable

Type of Latrine

Number Percent

Pucca 964 22.94

Ringslub 3146 74.85

Kaccha 93 2.21

Total 4203 100.00



55.11% 44.89%


Yes No

The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (58.05%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 55.11% households earn below Tk.12000 per month. Using the upper poverty line, in HIES 2016 the Head Count Rates (HCR) of incidence of poverty are estimated at 24.3% at the national level, 26.4% in rural areas and 18.9% in urban areas. While in 2010, these rates were 31.5% at the national level, 35.2% in rural areas and 21.3% in urban areas respectively. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. Another 29 percent of the rural population is considered moderately poor. Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally have enough to eat, their diets lack nutritional value. The women are the poorest of the rural poor of the society, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer from discrimination and have few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate. Table 13 shows the vulnerable status of the sub project area. Table -13: Destitute/Vulnerable


Number Percent

Yes 2440 58.05

No 1763 41.95

Total 4203 100.00


5.14 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty. This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS). The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. the lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 k cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBs set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their household income expenditure survey. As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area. Table.13 shows the upper and lower level poverty line for Dhaka division.

Table 14: Upper and Lower Poverty line for Dhaka Division Name of Division Upper Poverty Line in BDT Lower Poverty Line in BDT

Dhaka Rural

1497, (2010)

2445 (2019)

1276 (2010)

2083 (2019)


2773 (2018)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2018)


5.15 Poverty Status of Male and Female Headed Households The average incidence of poverty in project area is about 56%, the figure is much higher than the national average of 38%. The district figure shown in the poverty map Gopalgonj of Bangladesh (ref: BBS web site-poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence is between 39%-49%. A more than 60 on average rural poverty level therefore exists in the sub project area. Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or



50.12%

19.43%

15.24%

8.91% 6.50%

Major Income Group

0-12000 12001-15000 12001-15000

20001-25000 >25000

training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood.

Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Tarail Pachuria through PRA and households survey undertaken by the survey team members. The analysis of ownership of land is presented in Table.15. Table 15: Income Group of Area


0-12000 2110 50.12

12001-15000 816 19.43

15001-20000 640 15.24

20001-25000 374 8.91

>25000 273 6.50

Total 4203 100.0


5.16 Monthly Income and Expenditure Status The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (36.57%) and their monthly average income is Tk.10796 and expenditure is Tk.11372 followed by small farmers 27.86% and their income is Tk.11913 and expenditure Tk.15001.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 28.89% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 3-4 per village. If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.8), a monthly income of Tk.12,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The data shows that the income and expenditure of the landless and marginal farmers is more than two times less than that of medium and large farmers. The table-16 shows the average monthly income and expenditure of the surveyed households.


Households Category Percent Average Monthly Income Average Monthly Expenditure






Total 100.00 11892 15015


5.17Household Heads Involved with NGOs

The survey data shows that out of total households surveyed (30.53%) mentioned that they are involved with the NGO or with others organisations. Among them 302 (23.53%) mentioned that they received training from an NGO, Youth Department or government organization. On the other hand, out of the total respondents about 556 (13.22%) mentioned that they are involved with more than one income generating activities within their vicinity. Table 17 and 18 shows that the Working population involved with organization and training received. Table: 17 Working population Involved with organization and Training Received


Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 1283 30.53 Yes 302 23.53

No 2920 69.47 No 981 76.46

Total 4203 100.00 Total 1283 100.0



50.54%

20.14%

21.04% 6.12% 2.16%

Household Head Involved in Income Generation Activities


Business Others

Table 18 shows that out of total household heads 12.75% mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about 50.54% households involved with livestock, followed by livestock 21.04%, Fishery 20.14% business 6.12% and 2.16% involved in other activities. Table: 18 Involved with Income Generating activity


Number Percent


Fisheries 112 20.14

Livestock 117 21.04

Business 34 6.12

Others 12 2.16

Total 556 100.00


5.18Gender Situation The Gender situation in sub project was assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 19.


Sl. No Dimension Issues Women Men




3 Mobility inside the community (relative, shop, group meeting etc.) √ √


√ √ √





















Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government the position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects. The Gender situation of Tarail Pachuria therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women engaged in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to



children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works. Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues of land acquisition, resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities will be taken care as per ADB and Government rules and regulation. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program. Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Tarail Pachuria reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 2445 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing


credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project Improvement for Vulnerable /Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households female headed households are living inTarail Pachuria subproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 2500. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distribute poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income. The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-20.





The participants will have an idea about gender role, difference between sex and gender, gender mainstreaming etc. The resources person can be hired from district

1400





women affairs and youth office.


400


400


400

05 Sewing and

Tailoring


100


100

07 Fish Cultivation This training is required for women Leadership development. The resources person can be hired from the District/Upazila youth and Women Affairs office

100

Total



5.20 Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Table 20. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows



implementing the gender and livelihood enhancement programme.(selection of beneficiaries, group formation, organizing training and orientation, supervising, monitoring and follow up and documentation


Table 21: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Tarail Pachuria Sub Project



Sl. No

Cost item description Number of Batch and Participants Cost (Tk.) Total cost for each item/activity

(BDT)

Remarks

#of Batch No of participants /trainees(F)

1 3 days gender dimension orientation for 64 WMG management committee 400 members. 6-7 persons from each WMG (400). 25/30 persons will be in one batch.


400

400*500 *3 600000 Include all costs

2 3 days leadership training for 64 WMG 400 members. 25 participants in batch


400


3 Total 100 persons will receive average 15 days skill and business development training on tailoring


100 100*8000

800000 Include all costs

4 Total 400 persons will receive training on goat and cattle rearing, 3 days (12 batch)


400

400*500*3 600000 Include all costs

5 Total 400 persons will receive training on poultry rearing, 3 days (12 batch)



6 3 days Homestead Gardening (12 batch)

400 persons

12 batch x 400


Sub Total 56 2100 3800000


3000 6000 180,0000 Include all costs

Total 5100 5,600,000.00

8.

Other cost (10%) 5060000

506000.00

Total 6,160,000


5.21Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme

a. Economic Benefit: Undertaking new wage based and self-employment will increase their income. It is expected that the poverty will decrease as a result of increased per capita income.


5.22 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the social aspects within the sub project Tarail Pachuria further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.8), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process. Current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub project area justifies project interventions. In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management at Tarail Pachuria subproject.

Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations for focused during implementation are as follows:










The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people. The broader objective of stakeholder‟s participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 30 FGDs and 30 KII were conducted at Tarail Pachuria July to September 2018. Total 281 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 75 (26.69%) were women and 209 (73.30%) are men. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting. All the participants of the meetings and Key Informants are willing to participate in all stages


Create awareness of stakeholders (local people and union Parishad officials) and provide them general





the project









List of KII

Sl. No. Name of Place Date Participants

Male Female Total

1 Village: Gozalia, Union: Barni, Upazila: Tungipara, District: Gopalganj.

29.10.2018

07 02 09

2 Village: Munsir Chor, Union: Barni, Tungipara, Gopalganj.

31.10.2018 08 02 10

3 Village: Bashbari, Union: Borasi.

25.11.2018

09 00 09

4 Village: Borashi, Union: Borasi, Upazila: Gopalganj, District: Gopalganj.

25.11.2018

05 04 09

5 Village: Charpathalia, Union: Borasi, Upazila: Gopalganj sodor, District: Gopalganj.

04.12.2018

06 04 10

6 Village: Karfa, Union: Dumuria, Upazila: Tungipara, District: Gopalganj.

02.11.2018

02 05 07

7 Village: Tarail-Gopalpur, Union: Dumuria, Tungipara, Gopalganj.

02.11.2018 09 00 09

8 Village: Bansgari, Union: Dumuria. 03.11.2018 08 02 10

9 Village: Dumuria, Union: Dumuria. 03.11.2018 07 03 10

10 Village: Dakhin Gobra, Union: Gobra, Gopalganj Sadan, Gopalganj.

24.11.2018

09 00 09

11 Village: Vatiapara Union: Gobra, Upazila: Gopalganj, District: Gopalganj.

25.11.2018

06 02 08

12 Village: Charbaira, Union: Gobra, Upazila: Gopalganj Sadar, District: Gopalganj.

26.11.2018

07 03 10

13 Village: Sarai-Danga, and Banya-bari, Union: Gopalpur.

04.11.2018 07 03 10

14 Village: Gopalpur,Union: Gopalpur, Upazila: Tungipara, District: Gopalganj.

04.11.2018 07 03 10

15 Village: Hiran, Union: Hiran, Kotalipara, Gopalganj.

05.11.2018

09 01 10

16 Village: Maajpara, Union: Hiran, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj.

07.11.2018

06 04 10

17 Village: Ashulia, Union: Hiran. 08.11.2018 05 05 10

18 Village: Purbo Buzniya, Union: Kajulia, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj

16.11.2018 06 03 09

19 Village: Dottodanga, Union: Kajulia, Gopalganj sador, Gopalganj.

17.11.2018 07 03 10

20 Village: Khanerpar, Union: Kati, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj.

18.11.2018 05 04 09

21 Village: Manikher, Union: Kati, Gopalganj sador, Gopalganj.

17.11.2018 07 03 10

22 Village: Kathi, Union: Kati, Upazila: Gopalganj, District: Gopalganj.

17.11.2018 07 01 08

23 Village: Raypasha, Union: Kati, Gopalganj sador, Gopalganj.

18.11.2018 07 03 10

24 Village: Tutapara, Union: Kushla, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj.

13.11.2018 08 01 09

25 Village: Kushla, Union: Kushla.

11.11.2018 07 03 10

26 Village: Jathia, Union: Kushla, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj.

13.11.2018 06 04 10

27 Village: Tupuria, Union: Kushla, Upazila: Kotalipara, District: Gopalganj.

12.11.2018 08 02 10

28 Village: Par-kushli, Union: Raghunathpur Gopalganj sador, Gopalganj.

19.11.2018 09 00 09

29 Village: Kushli south, Union: Kushli Tungipara, Gopalganj.

31.10.2018 07 02 09

30 Village:Dalnia, Union: Majhigati.

20.11.2018

05 03 08

206 75 281

(206+75=281



Sl. No.


1. Rafeja Begum Ex-Member 01997325027

2. Md. Anayat Sheikh Member 01718608614

3. Md. Monjar Ali Sheikh Member 01716624303

4. Shahida Begum Member 01992731867

5. Andrew Gain Master 01790504305

6. Sumit Biswas Member 01726218258

7. Bomkin Gain Village Leader 01733113168

8. Abu Hashat Ex-Chairman 01712839976

9. Safiqul Islam Chairman 01713451883

10. Monoronjon Bala Member 01708999440

11. Md. Tuhin Sikdar Trader 01939820839

12. Md. Iqbal Hossain Sikder Farmer 01981889013

13. Md. Nabir Hossain Sikder Imam 01710677665

14. Niranjan Mondal Fish Farmer 01855370157

15. Munshi Aliuzzaman Teacher 01772332094

16. Abul Bashar Munshi Rtd. Army 01718799628

17. Bulbul Ahmed Govt. Service 01714974050

18. Shahadat Hossain Teacher 01927005619

19. Amir Howlader Grocer 01921643420

20. Mahamud Khandakar Trader 01935264249

21. Md. Aslam Sarder Fisherman 01714905204

22. Arti Bani Mohila Member 01921222835

23. Md. Emdadul Haq Ex-Chairman 01712025126

24. Subroto Biswas Social Worker 01722119497

25. Romesh Kantik Old Teacher 01719583627

26. Babul Bala Member 01756539335

27. Volanath Biswas Member 01734223285

28. Kobita Baroi Housewife 01728082260

29. Emdadul Haq Ex-Chairman 01712839976

30. Abu Hasnath Ex-Chairman 01677485612

APPENDIX-11




RAJOIR-KOTALIPARA SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from September, 2018- July,2019 at Rajoir Kotalipara subproject. A well-qualified and experience team consisted of 15 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database of the project sites using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be done to:





Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and



3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 15 FGDs were carried out under the study. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards, and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data and qualitative data as well. Key Informants Interview (KII) A total Number of 15 Key Informants Interview were conducted in the subproject area with the concerned officials and knowledgeable persons, like NGO personnel, concerned Upazila, BWDB, UP Chairmen and LGED officials. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview.

4. Household Survey In all 42 villages of thirteen unions have been considered for conducing household survey on socio-economy. The sampling of households has considered 10% as households as samples. The number of household selected is significantly higher than that required for random sampling under statistical sampling requirement considering 95% confidence limit and 5% error of limit. The sample size of 384 would have sufficed considering 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error, which are usually considered to be justified for one domain. Thus the number of households considered on 10% of total household is sufficient as sample households, provided proper random sampling has been done. Out of the total 20823 households, 2082 (10%) households were surveyed. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data, secondary data and qualitative data as well. Separate checklist was used for the survey.

5. General Information on Rajoir Kotalipara Sub-Project The sub project Rajoir Kotalipara is located mostly at Gopalgonj and Madaripur district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Ghagor river, Paisharhat river, Lower Kumar and Kata Kumer River are surrounded of the subproject area. The Ramnagar khal, Hasnir hkal, Shadullahpur khal and other small khals falls in the connecting river . The total area of the subproject is 12000 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given table-1.





Name of Districts 2 Gopangonj and Madaripur

Name of Upazila 3 Kotalipara, Madaripur and Rajoir

Name and number of Unions 10 Kolabari, Radhagonj,Shadullapur,Kendua, Mustafapur,Amgram, Kadambari, Bajitpur and Rajoir



Households surveyed 2082 Field survey




Female Headed H.H 4.56 Field Survey Report



5.1Findings of the socio-economic survey This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.



34.78%

45.06%

14.16% 6.01%


Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

52.74% 47.25%


Male Female

5.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Rajoir Kotalipara the total households and population was found to be 2082 and 9486respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Rajoir Kotalipara it is (52.74%) male against (47.25%) female (calculated on the basis of 5003 male and 4483 female). The household size is within the range of 4.56 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.5 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4. The following table and graph shows the households. Population and sex ratio of the surveyed households. Table – 2: Population and Sex Ratio


5.3. Age structure InRajoir Kotalipara the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (59%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people. The age structure for Rajoir Kotalipara is presented in Table 3. Table 3: Age groups of population


Number Percentage

Upto 17 3299 34.78

18- 45 4274 45.06

46-60 1343 14.16

61 and above 570 6.01

Total 9486 100.00


5.4 Male and Female Headed Household In Rajoir Kotalipara sub project, the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1987(95.44%) and 95 (4.56%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%. Table-4 and graph shows the male and female headed household of the subproject area.

Name of Union

Total Population

Population HHs Size Male Female No of

HHs

Amgram 2438 1309 1129 547 4.46

Bajitpur 1663 899 764 378 4.40

Kalabari 509 261 248 108 4.71

Kenduia 2074 1076 998 470 4.41

Kushla 673 342 331 125 5.38

Mastofapur 180 99 81 40 4.50

Radhaganj 549 294 255 120 4.58

Rajoir 291 139 152 63 4.62

Sadullapur 1109 584 525 231 4.80

Total 9486 5003 4483 2082 4.56



93.08%

2.31%

4.23%

0.14% 0.24%

Marital Status

Married Unmarried Widow/Widower Divorced Separate

95.44%

4.56%



Table- 4: Male and Female Headed Household

Name of Union

Total Households Male Headed

Female Headed

Amgram 547 520 27

Bajitpur 378 362 16

Kalabari 108 102 6

Kenduia 470 450 20

Kushla 125 124 1

Mastofapur 40 39 1

Radhaganj 120 108 12

Rajoir 63 60 3

Sadullapur 231 222 9

Total 2082 1987 95

Households survey 2019

5.5 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, (93.08%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.23%), unmarried (2.31%), separated and divorced (0.38%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The following graph and table shows the marital status of the surveyed households. Table 5: Marital status


5.6 Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming (37.51%), business (26.03%), service (20.07%), housewife (3.48%), fishermen (1.48%), fish farmers (3.48%) and other occupation, (5.09%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society for official and social re cognition of this work as occupation, not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Rajoir Kotalipara is presented in the graphs and Table-6.

Marital Status

Number Percent

Married 1938 93.08

Unmarried 48 2.31

Widow 72 3.46

Widower 16 0.77

Divorced 3 0.14

Separate 5 0.24

Table 2082 100.00



37.51%

26.03% 20.07%

1.48%

3.48% 6.34% 5.09%

Occupational Structure of Household Heads



Others

1.34%

96.36%

2.08% 0%

Housing Status


94.29%

5.61%

Literacy Rate of the Households' Head

Literate Illiterate

Table -6 Occupational Structure of the households Heads


5.7 Educational Status The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Rajoir Kotalipara is (94.29%) and illiterate is (5.70%), which is much higher than the national average (72%). Sources, BBS Booklet: 2016. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (52.66%) and female literacy rate is (46.39%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 56.56% than that of male population (47.33%).The following figure and Table-7 shows the educational status of the surveyed households. Table 7: Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 2225 25.62 2020 23.97 4245 49.59



Degree & Above/Equivalent 285 3.61 202 1.71 487 5.31

Total Literate 4275 49.84 3842 44.46 8117 94.29


Total 4526 52.37 4089 47.63 8615 100.00


5.8 Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (96.36%), followed by concrete roof (1.34%), straw roof (2.08%) and others (0%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-8 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Rajoir Kotalipara. Table -8 Housing status Housing Status Number Percent


CI sheet 2012 96.63


Others 0 0.00

Total 2082 100.00



Number Percent

Farmer 781 37.51

Business 542 26.03

Service 418 20.07

Fishermen 31 1.48


Housewife 132 6.34

Others 106 5.09

Total 2082 100.0



12.72%

83.22%

4.10%

Sanitation Status


16.13%

15.75%

25.86%

42.26%


TV Fridge Both (TV & Fridge) None

5.9 Household water supply Most of the households of the Rajoir Kotalipara drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (99.27%) population drink tubewell water and (0.73%) drink water from other source which includes surface water, ponds and river. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. In regards to the quality tested of drinking water about 79.93% mentioned that their water quality has been tested and (20.07%) mentioned that the quality of water has not been tested. Table- 9 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households. Table: 9 Sources of Drinking Water & Water quality tested


Number


Number Percent

Tubewell 2067 99.27 Yes 1544 79.93

Ponds 15 0.73 No 523 20.07

Total 2082 100.00 Total 2067 100.00


5.10 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (83.22%), followed by pucca (12.62%) and kutcha (4.01%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-10. The table shows that almost (96%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation. Table: 10 Type of Latrine


5.11 Ownership of TV, Fridge in House Table -11 shows the ownership of TV and fridge of the household heads. The data shows that most of the houses 880 (42.26) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 16.13% have TV and 15.75% have Fridge and 25.86% have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. Table 11: Household Assets


TV 336 16.13

Fridge 328 15.75


None 880 42.26

Total 2082 100.0


Type of Latrine

Number Percent

Pucca 265 12.72

Ringslub 1731 83.22

Kaccha 86 4.1

Total 2082 100.04



52.60%

12.41%

11.43%

10.93% 7.05%

Income Status of the Households Head

0-10000 10001-13000 13001-15000

15001-20000 20001-25000

75.25%

12.02% 0.66% 12.06%

Land Type of Surveyed H.H

Agricultural

Homestead

Fallow Land

Fish Culture/Water Body

5.12 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depend largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from Table 11 shows that (75.25%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture (12.06%) homestead (12.02%) are wetland and fallow land (0.66%). The data shows that most of the agricultural land (23.80%) falls in Kandi and lowest at Amtali (3.87%). The following table. 11 and 12 shows the land type and union wise quantity of land within the subproject area. Table– 11: Union wise quantity of land and land type of the surveyed area




Bandhabari 11,299 6.03 2,821 1.5 0 0.00 1,503 0.80 15,623 8.34

Kandi 44,569 23.80 3,051 1.62 1,322 0.71 3,678 1.96 52620 28.13

Pinjuri 23,326 12.45 4,030 2.15 275 0.15 3,426 1.82 31057 16.58

Bagdha 12,096 6.46 4,054 2.16 260 0.11 3,142 1.67 19552 10.44

Bakal 13,689 7.31 3,732 1.99 556 0.30 3,222 1.72 21199 11.32

Amtali 7,253 3.87 1349 0.72 1000 0.53 2131 1.01 11733 6.26

Suagram 15,096 8.06 4,054 2.16 260 0.14 4,042 2.10 23452 12.52

Dumuria 10,153 5.44 1084 0.76 500 0.26 282 0.15 12019 6.41

Total 137,481 73.38 24,175 12.91 4,173 2.27 21,426 11.44 187,255 100.0



Percent





24,399 12.06

Total 202,284 100


5.13 Income Status of the Households Head The survey data shows that most of the household‟s head 52.60% earn below Tk.10000, followed by 12.41% earn Tk. 10001-13000, the 3


poverty category the 1st two groups fall in the poverty level. The following Table-14 shows the income level of the household‟s heads of the surveyed area. Table 14- Income Group of Area


0-6000

6001-10000 1133 52.60

10001-13000 288 13.41

13001-15000 268 12.43

15001-20000 235 10.93

20001-25000 151 7.05

>25000 77 3.58

Total 2082 100.0




61.00% 49.00%

Percentage of Vulnerable H.H

Yes No

5.14 Destitute/Vulnerable The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (61%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 61% households earn below Tk.10000 per month. Using the upper poverty line, in HIES 2016 the Head Count Rates (HCR) of incidence of poverty are estimated at 24.3% at the national level, 26.4% in rural areas and 18.9% in urban areas. While in 2010, these rates were 31.5% at the national level, 35.2% in rural areas and 21.3% in urban areas respectively. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. Another 29 percent of the rural population is considered moderately poor. Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally have enough to eat, their diets lack nutritional value. The women are the poorest of the rural poor of the society, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer from discrimination and have few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate. Table 6 shows the vulnerable status of the sub project area. Table -15: Destitute/Vulnerable


Number Percent

Yes 1270 61

No 812 49

Total 2082 100


5.15 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS).

The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. the lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 k cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBs set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their household income expenditure survey. As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area. Table.16 shows the upper and lower level poverty line for Dhaka division.



Dhaka Rural

1497 (2010)

2445 (2019)

1276 (2010)

2083 (2019)


2773 (2018)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2018)


5.16 Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood.



Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Rajoir Kotalipara through PRA and households survey undertaken by the survey team members. The analysis of ownership of land is presented in Table.17.


The survey data shows that the landless and marginal farmers are the majority of the households (61.15%) and their monthly average income is below Tk.11000 and expenditure is Tk.11596 followed by small farmers 29.84% and their income is Tk.11613 and expenditure Tk.12601.The marginal and small farmer constitute 64.43%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 28.63% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 2-3 per village.

If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.7), a monthly income less than Tk.12,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The data shows that the income and expenditure of the landless and marginal farmers is more than two times less than that of medium and large farmers. The table-17 shows the average monthly income and expenditure of the surveyed households. Table: 17 Average Monthly Income and Expenditure







Large farmer (750 decimal and above)

1.88 22492 24246

Total 100.00 14033 14808


5.18Household Heads Involved with NGOs The survey data shows that out of total households surveyed (30.53%) mentioned that they are involved with the NGO or with others organizations. Among them 302 (23.53%) mentioned that they received training from an NGO, Youth Department or government organization. On the other hand, out of the total respondents about 556 (13.22%) mentioned that they are involved with more than one income generating activities within their vicinity. Table 18 and 19 shows that the Working population involved with organization and training received. Table: 18 Working population Involved with organization and Training Received

Household‟s survey, 2019 Table 19 shows that out of total household heads 26.80% mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about 48.56% households involved with Agriculture, followed by livestock 21.73%, fishery 20.72% business 6.82% and 2.16% involved in other income generating activities.

Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 858 41.21 Yes 170 19.82

No 1224 58.78 No 688 80.18

Total 2082 100.00 Total 858 100.0



48.56%

20.72%

21.73%

6.82% 2.16%

Involved in Income Generating Activities

Agriculture Fisheries Livestock Business Others

Table: 19 Involved with Income Generating activity


Number Percent


Fisheries 116 20.72

Livestock 117 21.73

Business 38 6.82

Others 16 2.16

Total 558 100.00


5.19Gender Situation The Gender situation in sub projectwas assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 20. Table 20: Gender dimension on key issues

Sl. No






√ √


√ √ √




















NB : L = Low ; M = Medium ; H = High, Source: PRA

Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government the position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects. The Gender situation of Rajoir Kotalipara therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects.



Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women engaged in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works. Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues of land acquisition, resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities will be taken care as per ADB and Government rules and regulation. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program. Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Rajoir Kotalipara reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 2445 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing


credit for NGO He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project Improvement for Vulnerable /Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households female headed households are living inRajoir Kotalipara subproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 675. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distribute poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income.



The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-21.






200


200


200


200

05 Sewing and

Tailoring


15


200

Total 1015

5.21 Implementation Arrangements

Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement.

To cope up the situation the Executive Agency BWDB recruited 100 Community Facilitators (CF) and 20 Senior Facilitators (SF) for implementing similar livelihood, poverty reduction and gender development activities in the project area. Different training are being provided to them to develop their capacity to handle the poor at the grass root level for livelihood enhancement. Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Chapter 6. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows

Per participant cost for 2 days gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource person allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics), trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)






Table 22: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Rajoir Kotalipara Sub Project

Sl. No

Cost item description # of Batch No of

participants /trainees(F)

Cost (Tk.)

Total cost for each item/

activity (BDT)

Remarks



200




200



1 batch 15 persons 15 days 15

10*10000 150000 Include all costs








8 batch x 100 200


Sub Total 1015 1650000


400

6000 2400000 Include all costs

1415 4050000


Total 4455000

Taka In word: Forty Four Lac Fifty Five Thousand only. Detail break down of cost for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills/ trade, locality and venue.

5.21 Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a. Economic Benefit: Undertaking new wage based and self-employment will increase their income. It is expected that the poverty will decrease as a result of increased per capita income.




5.22 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the social aspects within the sub project Rajoir Kotalipara further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.56), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process. Current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub project area justifies project interventions. In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management at Rajoir Kotalipara subproject. Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations for focused during implementation are as follows:








The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people. The broader objective of stakeholder‟s participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 15 FGDs and 10 KII were conducted at Rajoir Kotalipara July to September 2018. Total 184 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 61 (33.15%) were women and 123 (66.84%) are men. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting. All the participants of the meetings and Key Informants are willing to participate in all stages









the project






Sl. No.

Name of Place Date Participants

Male Female Total

1. Khagda, Kendua, Madaripur 12.10.2019 07 05 12

2. Purbo Kolagachi, Madaripur 12.10.2019 10 02 12

3. Dotta, Kendua 12.10.2019 10 02 12

4. Sri Nath Di, Kendua 12.10.2019 09 04 13

5. Amgram, Rajoir 15.10.2019 08 04 12

6. Lokkhonda, Amgram 17.10.2019 08 04 12

7. Telakanda, Amgram 18.10.2019 09 04 13

8. Sutarkandi, Bazidpur 20.10.2019 10 04 14

9. Sataria, Bazidpur 20.10.2019 02 08 10

10. Molladi, Bazidpur 21.10.2019 08 02 10

11. Kafullabari, Kolabari 19.10.2019 10 05 15

12. Konervita, Sadullahpur 19.10.2019 09 04 13

13. Patharpar, Sadullahpur 19.10.2019 09 04 13

14. Ramnagar, Kolabari 19.10.2019 09 04 13

15. Bazidpur 21.10.2019 05 05 10

123

(66.84%

61 (33.15%) 184

Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior Facilitator and Community Facilitator of PMO conducted the FGD and KII. The Key Personnel were Public representatives, school teacher, local elite and other knowledgeable persons of the area. The following is the list of KII with phone number.

List of KII Sl. No.

Name of Key Person Designation Address Phone Number

1. Zahidur Rahman Tipu Chairman Amgram, Razoir, Madaripur 01722000277

2. Babu Nokul Kumar Biswas Singer Purbo Kolagachi, Madaripur 01711375550

3. Babu Ksob Chandra Baroi UP Member Amgram UP, Rozoir 01790041394

4. Babu Jibon Roy President Ramnagor Bazar, Kolabari,

Kotalipara

01745796195

5. Lilia Beguam UP Member Bajitpur, Razoir, Madaripur 01747120799

6. Md. Jahangir Molla Businessman Kendua Bazar, Madaripur 01937043657

7. Md. Sagor Bepari Justices Chairman Bazidpur UP 01739518004

8. Md. Mujibur Rahman Chairman Kendua UP Madaripur 01715794185

9. Md. Jahangir Hossain Dofadar Chowrashi Kendua Union, Madaripur 01751776176

10. Shilpi Beguam Ex. Chairman Sutarkandi, Razoirm Madariur 01924070566

11. Vodrokanto Sarker UP Member Kalabari 01919482218



12. Sujit Sarker Mudi Businessman Kafulabari 01740616012



APPENDIX-12


RAMSHIL KAFULABARI SUB-PROJECT



1. Introduction As a part of project ToR, the socio-economic survey was conducted from September,2018- July, 2019 at Ramshil Kafulabari. A well-qualified and experience team consisted of 25 members conducted the survey led by Social and Gender Development Specialist of ISPMC. Both qualitative and quantitative survey methods were used for conducting the survey. The specific purpose of the socio-economic, agriculture, fishery and environmental survey was to develop a pre-intervention database of the project sites using some specified indicators and parameters, so that comparative analysis could be done to:





Socio-Economy

Agronomy

Fishery and



3. Qualitative Data/Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) A total number of 11 FGDs were carried out under the study. These provided insight about perception of the communities about the existing water resources with regard to irrigation, drainage condition and flood hazards, and their ideas and priorities about the improvement needs. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The IWMP report is prepared on the basis of the analyzed households data and qualitative data as well. Key Informants Interview (KII) A total number of 11 Key Informants Interview were conducted in each Upazila with the concerned officials and knowledgeable persons in the project area, like NGO personnel, concerned Upazila, BWDB, UP Chairmen and LGED officials. Separate checklist was used for Key Personnel Interview.

4. Household Survey In all 42 villages of thirteen unions have been considered for conducing household survey on socio-economy. The sampling of households has considered 10% as households as samples. The number of household selected is significantly higher than that required for random sampling under statistical sampling requirement considering 95% confidence limit and 5% error of limit. The sample size of 384 would have sufficed considering 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error, which are usually considered to be justified for one domain. Thus the number of households considered on 10% of total household is sufficient as sample households, provided proper random sampling has been done. Out of the total 13620 households1362 (10%) households were surveyed. The feasibility report is prepared on the basis of the analysed households data, secondary data and qualitative data as well. Separate checklist was used for the survey.



5. General Information on Ramshil-Kafulabari Sub-Project The sub project Ramshil Kafulabari is located mostly at Kotalipara of Gopalgonj district and some part of Barisal district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub project is well connected with paved roads. The Paisa River follows at the East, Ghagor at the west, Jhojhonia at the South site of the project area. The major khals are; Bandhabari, Ramsil, Ramshil Johar khal, Kandi, Madarbari, Howlar khal, Doglas khal, khal etc. The total area of the subproject is 6649 ha. Project Map and some specific information on villages and demographic aspect is given Table-1.

Table 1: General Information on Sub Project Description of information Number/quantity Remarks

Name of Districts 3 Gopangonj and Barisal

Name of Upazila 5 Kotalipara and Agailghara,


13 Amtali, Bandhabari, Radhagonj, Ramshil Shadullapur and Bakal

Number of Villages 42 Partly and fully





Land Holding status per Households

0.20 ha. Field Survey Report

Status of Electricity (67%) FGD Report



34.70%

44.42%

14.19% 6.69%

Age Structure of Households Members

Upto 17 18- 45 46-60 61 and above

53% 47%


Male Female

5.1 Findings of the Survey This section deals primarily with the local stakeholders of different classes of the subproject area and its main socio-economic characteristics. The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation. Population and Sex Ratio In Ramshil Kafulabari the total households and population was found to be 1362 and 6308respectively. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Ramshil Kafulabari it is (53%) male against (47.0%) female (calculated on the basis of 3344 male and 2974 female). The household size is within the range of 4.6 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size is 4.7 and for the district of Gopalgonj is 4.4. The following table and graph shows the households. Population and sex ratio of the surveyed households.

Table – 2: Population and Sex Ratio

Name of Union

Total Population

Population HHs Size Male Female No

of HHs

Amtali 307 188 119 65 4.72

Bakal 93 46 47 18 5.17

Bandhabari

982 537 445 203 4.84

Radhaganj

1406 742 664 304 4.63

Ramshil 1219 625 594 292 4.17

Sadullapur

2301 1206 1095 480 4.79

Total 6308 3344 2964 1362 4.63


5.2 Age structure InRamshil Kafulabari the productive or 18-60 age group of population is, with (57.36%) significantly higher than the other two groups (1-17 or 60 above).The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 18 and adults older than 60 are considered non-productive people.

The age structure for Ramshil Kafulabari is presented in Table 3.



Number Percentage

Upto 17 2189 34.70

18- 45 2802 44.42

46-60 895 14.19

61 and above 422 6.69

Total 6308 100.00



94.42%

0.88% 3.30% 0.88% 0.22% 0.29%

Material Status


Widower Divorced Separate

93.46%

6.53%

Male and Female Headed Households

Male Female

5.3 Male and Female Headed Household In Ramshil Kafulabari sub project, the number and percentage of female headed and male headed household is 1226 (93.47%) and 98 (6.53%) respectively. No national data is available to compare male and female headed household percentage of the sub-project. However the result is consistent with other sub-projects where the percentage is less than 10%. Table-4 and graph shows the male and female headed household of the subproject area. Table 4: Male and Female Headed Household

Households survey 2018

5.4 Marital Status The survey result shows that out of total households, (94.42%) are married, followed by widow/widower (4.10%), unmarried (88%), separated and divorced (0.51%) of the surveyed household‟s heads. The following Table-5 and graph shows the marital status of the surveyed households. Table 5: Marital Status of the surveyed Households


5.5Occupation An occupation indicates sources of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The data shows that the main occupation of the households head is farming (34.36%), business (18.42%), service (15.27%), housewife (3.38%), fishermen and fish farmers (1.68%), and other occupation, (9.25%) which includes, daily wage labour, driver, carpenter etc. In all occupation categories the status of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agricultural product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demands. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society for official and social re cognition of this work as occupation, not much progress has been made. The various occupations of the work force of Ramshil Kafulabari is presented in the graphs and Table-6.

Name of Union

Total Households

Male Headed

Female Headed

Amtali 65 57 8

Bakal 18 15 3

Bandhabari 203 190 13

Radhaganj 304 282 22

Ramshil 292 278 14

Sadullapur 480 451 29

Total 1362 1256 89


Married 1286 94.42

Unmarried 12 0.88

Widow 45 3.30

Widower 12 0.88

Divorced 3 0.22

Separated 4 0.29

Table 1362 100.00



94.41%

5.59%

Literacy Rate

Literate Illiterate

18.42%

17.62% 34.36%

0.51%

1.17%

3.38% 9.25%

15.27%

Occupational Status of Surveyed Households

Business Day Labour Farmer


Other's Service

Table -6 Occupational Structure of the households Heads


5.6Educational Status The average literacy rate of population 5 years and above in the Ramshil Kafulabari is (94.41%) and illiterate is (5.59%), which is much higher than the national average (72%). Sources, HIES: 2016. Among the total literate population, the male literacy is (53.58%) and female literacy rate is (46.41%).The illiterate rate among the female population is higher 56% than that of male population (44%).The following figure and Table-7 shows the educational status of the surveyed households. Table 7: Educational Attainment

Education Status (5 years and

above)

Literacy Rate (%) Total

%

Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 1458 25.22 1330 23.00 2788 48.22

Upto SSC/Equivalent

970 16.78 887 15.34 1857 32.12

Upto HSC/Equivalent

272 4.70 207 3.58 479 8.28

Degree & Above/Equivalent

225 3.89 110 1.90 335 5.79

Total Literate 2925 50.59 2534 43.83 5459 94.41


Total 3066 53.03 2716 46.97 5782 100.0



Number Percent (%)

Farmer 468 34.36

Business 251 18.42

Service 208 15.27


Fishermen 7 0.51


Housewife 46 3.38

Other's 126 9.25

Total 1362 100.00



8.15%

90.09%

1.76%

Sanitation Status of surveyed Households


0.95%

98.90%

0.15% 0

Roofing Materials of Surveyed Household



5.7Housing Characteristics The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled (98.90%), followed by concrete roof (0.90%), straw roof (0.15%) and others (0.0%), which includes leaves and poltythine sheets. The following Table-8 and graph shows the housing status of the surveyed households of Ramshil Kafulabari. Table -8 Housing status


5.8 Household water supply Most of the households of the Ramshil Kafulabari drink underground water lifted by hand tube well. The data shows that (100%) population drink tube-well water. Contaminated water with arsenic was also reported but the percentage of tube well or household using this water could not be verified due to absence of proper water testing facilitates. In regards to the quality tested of drinking water about (20.93%) mentioned that the quality of water has not been tested. Table- 9 shows the drinking water status of the surveyed households. Table: 9 Sources of Drinking Water & Water quality tested


Number


Number Percent

Tubewell 1362 100.0 Yes 1088 79.93

Ponds 0 0 No 274 20.07

Total 1362 100.0 Total 1362 100.00


5.9 Sanitation Facility The survey data shows that most households of the surveyed area use ring-slab latrines (90.09%), followed by pucca (8.15%) and kutcha (1.76%). It is to be mentioned here that the broken ring slab latrines, kutcha and open latrines are considered as unhygienic latrines. The present situation of sanitation in the sub project is shown Table-10.The table shows that almost (80%) or significant portion of the people in the sub project area are using hygienic sanitation. Table-10: Sanitation Status of Surveyed Households

5.10 Ownership of TV, Fridge in House Table -11 shows the ownership of TV and fridge of the household heads. The data shows that most of



CI sheet 1347 98.90


Others 0 0.00

Total 1362 100.00

Type of Latrine

Number Percent

Pucca 111 8.15

Ringslab 1227 90.09

Kaccha 24 1.76

Total 1362 100.00

Source: Households survey 2018



23.05%

3.67% 60.65%

12.63%


TV Fridge None Both TV and Fridge

74.28%

10.42% 0.61%

14.69%

Land Type of Surveyed Households


Fallow Land Fish Culture/Water Body

the houses 826 (60.65) do not have TV and fridge in their houses, only 23.05% have TV and 3.63% have Fridge and (12.63%) have both of the TV and fridge in their houses. Table 11: Household Assets


5.11 Land Type and quantity of the Surveyed HH Land-human relationships are immensely important in agriculture. The economy of Bangladesh depend largely on the broad agriculture sectors, which included inter alia, agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry. The tenure arrangement influences the whole production system significantly. The data from Table 11 shows that (74.97%) of the land is agriculture, followed by fish culture and wet land (14.69%), homestead (11.35%) and fallow land (0.61%).The follo wing table. 12 and 13 shows the land type and union wise quantity of land within the subproject area.

Table– 12: Union wise quantity of land and land type of the surveyed area




Amtali 3,887 3.98 793 0.81 15 0.02 590 0.60 5,285 5.41

Bakal 1,533 1.57 147 0.15 - 0.00 135 0.14 1,815 1.86

Bandhabari 14,370 14.71 2,314 2.37 - 0.00 3,013 3.09 19,697 20.17

Radhaganj 22,450 22.99 3,134 3.21 26 0.03 3,673 3.76 29,283 29.98

Ramshil 28,066 28.74 3,574 3.66 556 0.57 6,820 6.98 39,016 39.95

Sadullapur 2,238 2.29 216 0.22 - 0.00 114 0.12 2,568 2.63

Total 72,544 74.28 10,178 10.42 597 0.61 14,345 14.69 97,664 100

Table-13 Land Type of Surveyed H.H


Percent



Fallow Land 597 0.61


14,345 14.69

Total 97,664 100.0


5.12 Income Status of the Households Head The survey data shows that most of the household‟s head 58.64% earn below Tk.12000, followed by 26.21% earn Tk.12001-18000, the 3


poverty category the Ist two groups fall in the poverty level. The following Table-14 shows the income level of the households head s of the surveyed area.

Housing Status

Number Percent

TV 314 23.05

Fridge 50 3.67

None 826 60.65

Both TV and Fridge

172 12.63

Total 1362 100.00



58.66%

41.33%

Vulneribility Status of Surveyed Households

Yes No

6.09%

52.56%

26.21%

6.09% 3.16%

Income Status of Surveyed Households

<Tk.6000 Tk.6001-Tk.12000

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 Tk.18001-Tk.23000

Tk.23001-Tk.28000

Table 14.-Income Group of Area

Income Group Number Percent

<Tk.6000 83 6.09

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 716 52.56

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 357 26.21

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 83 6.09

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 43 3.16

>Tk.28001 80 5.87

Total 1362 100.00

Source: Household‟s Survey, 2018

5.13 Destitute/Vulnerable The surveyed data shows that out of the total households about (58.66%) households are vulnerable. The poverty map of Bangladesh 2010 confirmed the vulnerability status of the Upazila and district level. The income level shows that about 58.54% households earn below Tk.12000 per month They poor suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. The women are the poorest of the rural poor of the society, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer from discrimination and have few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate. Table 15 shows the vulnerable status of the sub project area. Table -15: Destitute/Vulnerable


5.14 Poverty Nationally poverty is measured based on calorie intake converted in to cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc.) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS).

The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. the lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 k cal plus an average cost of nonfood items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their household income expenditure survey. As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area. Table.16 shows the upper and lower level poverty line for Dhaka division.



Dhaka Rural 1497 (2010) 1276 (2010)


Number Percent

Yes 799 58.66

No 563 41.33

Total 1362 100.00



2445 (2019) 2083 (2019)


2773 (2018)

1314 (2010)

2032 (2018)

Source: BBS Household Income Expenditure Survey Report 2010 and considering 5.6% money inflation rate in 2018. On the other hand, according to the BBS Booklet, 2016, the district falls in 54% out of 64% and extreme poverty is 26.6% against the national average of 17%.

5.15Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw van, fishing net and boat, pump, power tiller etc. are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc. are the human asset. Both kinds of assets are used to generate income builds the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic need of life or livelihood.

Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected from Ramshil Kafulabari through PRA and households survey undertaken by the survey team members.


The survey data shows that the marginal farmers are the majority of the households (42.21%) and their monthly average income is Tk.11000 and expenditure is Tk.11800 followed by small farmers 28.84% and their income is Tk.13000 and expenditure Tk.13700. The marginal and small farmer constitute 76%, meaning a significant portion of household in the sub project area is small and marginal. Marginal and small farmers are characterized subsistence level farmers who manage livelihood with difficulties. About 9.21% of the farmers are landless owning only less than 5 decimal of homestead garden. In addition there are households who have zero assets and they are called extremely vulnerable or destitute. On average there are 2-3 per village. The following table 17 shows that the average monthly income and expenditure of different farm category. If we consider the household asset position and income and critically consider the size of household (4.6), a monthly income less than Tk.12,000.00 is needed to attain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. The data shows that the income and expenditure of the landless and marginal farmers is more than two times less than that of medium and large farmers. The Table-17 shows the average monthly income and expenditure of the surveyed households. Table: 17 Average Monthly Income and Expenditure of different farm Category

Households Category Number Percent Average Monthly Income


Landless HH (less than 5 decimal) 125 9.21 6000 7000

Marginal farmer (5-49 decimal) 575 42.21 11000 11800

Small farmer (50-249 decimal) 463 34.02 13000 13700

Medium farmer (250-749 decimal) 170 12.50 15000 16800

Large farmer (750 decimal and above)

28 2.06 21000 21500

Total 1362 100.0 66000 (13200) 70800 (14160)

Households survey, 2018

5.17Household Heads Involved with NGOs



47.23%

19.93%

24.35%

6.46% 2.03%

Involved in Income Generating Activities


Business Others

The survey data shows that out of total households surveyed (19.46%) mentioned that they are involved with the NGO or with others organizations. Among them 265 (38%) mentioned that they received training from an NGO, Youth Department or government organization. On the other hand, out of the total respondents about 542 (39.79%) mentioned that they are involved with more than one income generating activities within their vicinity. Table 18 and 19 shows that the working population involved with organization and training received.

Table: 18 Working population Involved with organization and Training Received

Household‟s survey, 2018 Table 19 shows that out of total household heads 39.79% mentioned that they are involved in different income generating activities. The data shows that about 47.23% households involved with livestock, followed by livestock 24.35%, Fishery 19.93% business 6.46% and 2.03% involved in other activities. Table:19 Involved with Income Generating activity


Number Percent


Fisheries 108 19.93

Livestock 132 24.35

Business 35 6.46

Others 11 2.03

Total 542 100.00


Gender Situation

The Gender situation in sub projectwas assessed through PRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 20.


Sl. No Dimension Issues Women Men




3 Mobility inside the community (relative, shop, group meeting etc.) √ √


√ √ √



















Whether NGO Members


Number Percent

Yes 265 19.46 Yes 103 38%

No 1097 80.54 No 162 61.13

Total 1362 100.00 Total 265 100.0





Although in few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, children birth, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government the position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most respects. The Gender situation of Ramshil Kafulabari therefore be characterized as a low to medium women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects. Gender specific impacts of the project would be very positive. Poor women engaged in the project construction and O & M works would use their earnings in income generating activities. Women would be employed in the increased activities in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. Further economic activities/opportunities would be provided for poor women in post-harvest activities. Finally, enhanced women‟s income would contribute to children education and health care. Women‟s decision making capabilities would be improved with increased knowledge and earning capacity. At village level, women‟s labour group would participate in various community development works.

5.18 Social Safeguards Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues of land acquisition, resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities will be taken care as per ADB and Government rules and regulation. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program. Strategies for Livelihood Improvement for Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, poverty and gender situation in Ramshil Kafulabari reveals the need for undertaking a program especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance Criteria for selecting and organizing income generating activities for households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested are as follows: Household with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 2445 (upper poverty line). Household member to be involved with project should have working age preferably below 50 and above 18. Household should be permanent setter of project area. Household member to be involved with project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing



5.19Improvement for Vulnerable /Destitute Households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households female headed households are living inRamshil Kafulabari subproject. They do not possess any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number could be approximately 675. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). A separate strategy is to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grants or in kind show useful results in improving their livelihood. The project may consider to distribute poultry/duck or goat/sheep or rickshaw van to generate income. The subjects identified for Collective Actions relating to livelihood are given in Table-21.








100


200


200


200

05 Sewing and

Tailoring


30


200

Total 1030



5.21Budget Costs have been estimated for implementation of livelihood improvement and promotion of gender awareness activities based on the action plan presented in Collective Action Plan. Four major cost components have been identified which are as follows

A three days training on gender dimension orientation for WMG management committee members (includes participant and resource person allowance, food, venue, training materials and logistics)

Skill development training cost for an average 15 days training (included 2 day‟s orientation on gender) on skills and business training.

Leadership Development training for 3 days, 4 batch training will be provided

Cattle and Goat rearing a 3 days 4 batch training will be provided





Table 22: Budget for Gender and Livelihood Support at Ramshil Kafulabari Sub Project

Sl. No Cost item description Number of Batch and Participants

Cost (Tk.) Total cost for each item/activity (BDT)

Remarks



















Sub Total 1030 1800000


500 6000 30,00000 Include all costs

1690 48,00000


Total 5208000

Taka In word: Fifty Two Lac and Eight Thousand only. Detail break down of cost for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on implementation plan, type of skills/ trade, locality and venue.

5.22 Economic and Social Benefit of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a Economic Benefit: Undertaking new wage based and self-employment will increase their income. It is expected that the poverty will decrease as a result of increased per capita income. b. Social Benefit: Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment would contribute social stability, gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development of the society as well as in the country.

5.23 Conclusion and Recommendation Considering the social aspects within the sub project Ramshil Kafulabari further development is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.6), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc. are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. Present social condition is the result of this process.



Current poverty situation, which is more than national average, in adequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in sub project area justifies project interventions. In PRA conducted in the sub project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of existing situation and the opinion of participants for its further improvement lead the PRRA tam to believe that the community living within the sub project is socially prepared to adopt the development intervention to be undertaken under the water management at Ramshil Kafulabari subproject. Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further recommendations for focused during implementation are as follows:








The Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM) suggests that all public sector funded water sector interventions must start with local stakeholder‟s participation. It will be a continuous process in the pursuit of sustainable development. The Consultants also felt that participation of the stakeholders is essential for effective planning of the project. Therefore, the main slogan for the study was “Project for the People to be developed by the people. The broader objective of stakeholder‟s participation is to inform local inhabitants/stakeholders to make them aware of the subproject and to gather their opinion/suggestions about the proposed development program as well as to incorporate their suggestions during project planning and implementation stage. Keeping the views in mind a total number of 11 FGDs and 11 KII were conducted at Ramshil Kafulabari July to September 2019. Total 147 participants were present in the FGDs. Out of the total participants 47 (31.97%) were women and 100 (68.03%) were men. Social Development and Gender Specialist, Fishery Specialist (both Senior and Mid-level) from ISPMC, Senior facilitator and Community Facilitator conducted the FGD and KII. The participants of FGD‟s were the local farmers, fishermen, public representatives, traders, officials and stakeholders. The project location map was used at the time of conducting FGD. The probable work schedule, structures to be built, development of infrastructure, formation of WMG and WMA, plan to undertake different developmental activities for the poor and destitute women, causes of poverty, problem and their suggestions discussed in the meeting. All the participants of the meetings and Key Informants are willing to participate in all stages


Create awareness of stakeholders (local people and Union Parishad officials) and provide them general





the project









List of Key Personal

Sl. No.


1. Abdur Zabbar Village Leader 01736153998

2. Md. Sazal Businessman 01771598678

3. Md. Alam Farmer 01763133446

4. Md. Zamal Job 01720564294

5. Md. Enamul Member 01721874464

6. Md. Abu Said Chairman, Pinjuri 01715071669

7. Vimechondro Baroi Charman,

Sadullapur

01718181587

8. Amritolal Chairman,

Radhagonj

01733494399

9. S.M. Monir Hossain Chairman, Borashi 01755415951

10. Md. Mahamud Hossain Secretary 01711367019

11. Aroti Bani Mohila Member 01921222835

Sl. No.

Name of Place

Date

Participants

Male Female Total

1. Lonkhonda Shadullapur 04.12.2018 10 05 15

2. Nairbari, Shadullapur 04.12.2018 08 04 12

3. Lankhonda, Shaddullahpur 04.12.2018 10 05 15

4. Bhandhabari, Bhandhabari 05.12.2018 07 03 10

5. Bandhabari, Union: Banhabari 02.08.2019 10 04 14

6. Dhara bashil, kandi 05.12.2018 08 05 13

7. Village: Hijal Bari, Union: Kandi 08.12.2018 10 06 16

8. Village: Tarakandar, Union: kandi

30.07.2019 07 03 10

9. Naghba, Amtoli, Kotalipara 30.07.2019 10 04 14

10. Alamdi, Satla, Barisal 05.08.2019 10 04 14

11. Purbopara, Amtali, 05.08.2019 10 04 14

Total 100 47 147

Total



APPENDIX-13


HORAI RIVER SUB-PROJECT



1. INTRODUCTION

The Southwest Area Integrated Water Resource Planning and Management (SAIWRPM) project is a project of Bangladesh Water Development Board supported by the Asian Development Bank and the Royal Netherland Government. The overall objective of the project is to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural and fish production and creation of employment through integrated water management with active participation of the local people. The project has, therefore, given highest priority to poverty reduction in its development objective. Parallel to the focus on water management and planning it has given attention to livelihood and socio economic conditions, especially on the gender dimension of the beneficiary community. Within the project area there are households which include farmers of different categories (large, medium, small and marginal) and under-privileged groups, including women and landless people. It is important that the project will give due attention to different sections of the communities including marginalized sections so that the project benefits will flow to all sections of the community, to ensure sustainable development. The Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) under the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) started the implementation of the project (SAIWRPMP) in 2007. Under the overall framework of the project sub-projects are being implemented in Narail, Jessore and Magura districts which are expected to be completed by 2013. However, considering the needs of the country and following the request of the government, the development partners (GOB, ADB and EKN) agreed to support 7 additional subprojects located in the Faridpur and Maguara districts. Under the overall framework of SAIWRPMP feasibility studies of seven additional sub-projects are therefore undertaken by the BWDB.

The feasibility studies include the determination of the technical needs, the economic, social and environmental impact and the financial analysis of the investments to assess the projects‟ overall viability. To that extent information on the rehabilitation of the physical infrastructure, the need for capacity building of the BWDB and the beneficiary organizations (WMGs) to implement and manage the sub-projects. Data on agriculture, fisheries, environmental impact and livelihood development for poverty reduction along with consideration of gender issues have to be collected for this purpose. As part of the information collection process the project implemented Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisals (PRRAs) to collect information on socio economic key issues including gender, livelihood and poverty which are not possible to be collected through household surveys due to time and resource and time constraints. Another important character of a PRRA is that some socio economic, gender and livelihood issues especially information on income generating activities related to water management projects and the involvement of women in productive work can be assessed in a more focused way.

2. METHODOLOGY

A PRRA follows several independent steps to collect information and facts on social, economic and technical issues of particular community and area. It includes Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Survey (KI Survey), Transect Walk and Social and Resource Mapping. To know and understand the local socio economic issues the project choose FGDs where 10-15 people with a range of local experience and occupations were organized in group discussions in each selected village. Three average sizes of villages from middle and extreme two ends of the sub-project Horai River Sub-project were selected as the representative sample villages. The information provided and views expressed by the group members of representative villages were extrapolated to the whole sub-project. Each group in selected villages was facilitated in such a way that a consensus was reached among the group members to provide common information and views from the group on any issues. The data /information and views of three groups from three representative villages of the sub-project were arithmetically averaged or interpreted by synthesis (in case of qualitative information and views).



In addition to FGDs, the project also conducted a household survey in selected villages which are considered representative sample villages for each additional sub-project. Socio-economic data/information on sanitation, water supply, housing, age group etc. was used to analyze socio-economic, livelihood and gender issues. 3. GENERAL INFORMATION ON SUB-PROJECT HORAI RIVER

The sub-project Horai River is situated in the Rajbari Sadar, Baliakandi and Kalukhali Upazila of Rajbari district. Agriculture constitutes the principle livelihood for the people living within the sub-project area. Almost 70% people live on farming and related works. The sub-project is well connected with paved roads. The total area of the sub-project is 22,210 ha. This includes areas covered by LGED. Without these areas, the gross area comes to 18.600 ha. Some specific information on villages and demographic aspects is given table 1

Table 1: General Information on Sub-project: Horai River

Description of information Number/ quantity

Remarks



Number of households 24,875 Project estimation

Average size of household 4 Less than national (4.4) and district average (4.5)

Average population per village 575 Less than national and district average (1000)

Area (Gross, ha) 18.600



Percentage of farmers 55 Consistent to national average


3.1Socio-economic, Livelihood and Gender Aspects The issues investigated include population and sex ratio, household size, land area per household, age structure, gender disaggregated literacy rate, use of drinking water and sanitation facilities, land and other livelihood ownership, occupation, employment, income, expenditure, poverty, potential and feasible income generating activities and major gender dimensions and participation.

3.2 Population and Sex Ratio In Horai River the population was estimated to be 99,500. The population density is 534 per km2. Compared to the national average (976) the project area is not over populated. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females. In Horai River sub-project the ratio is 1.02 (calculated on the basis of 50,248 males and 49,252 females) which is close to the national average (1.003 according to the BBS Population Census Report 2011).

3.3Household size The household size is on average 4 for a single family. In a joint family it may be more than 5, but in that case the number of couples living in the household is also proportionately more. As per BBS 2011 Population Census Report the national average household size 4.4 and for the district Faridpur it is 4.5.

3.4 Age structure In Horai River Sub-project the productive or 15-59 years age group population is, with 61%, significantly higher than the two other groups (1-14 and 60 above). The non-productive population involves those who are able to work but enjoy the social benefit at the cost of productive people. Generally children younger than 15 and adults older than 60 are considered non productive people. The results for are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Age groups of population

Age group Percentage of total population Remarks

1-14 21 Not considered productive



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male%

Female%

15- 59 61 Considered productive

60 and above 18 Not considered productive

Source: Project household sample survey 3.5 Male and Female Headed Household In Horai River female headed household was estimated 4% found. No national data is available to compare the male and female household percentage of the sub- project. However, the result is consistent with other sub-projects of the project where the percentage is less than 10%.

3.6 Occupation An occupation indicates the source of income derived from work, time spent in work as well as social position. The various occupations of the work force of Horai River is presented in the barchart and Table F3.

Source: PRRA Figure 1: Occupation of males and females, Horai River In all occupation categories the share of women is extremely poor. The main reason is that women work at home for housekeeping, agriculture product processing and storage, poultry and cattle rearing and vegetable gardening. These works except housekeeping are income generating or income substitution to meet the need of household demand. In spite of intensive gender advocacy by NGOs and civil society an official and social recognition of this work as occupation not much progress has yet been made.


Name of occupation




Farmer 55 0.63 241 193


Business 3.88 0,38 331 308

Labour 17.86 2.46 291 198

Rickshaw /van puller

2.77 0 311 0

Carpenter 0.69. 0 276 0

Mason 0.72 0 267 0

Mechanic 0.33 0 244 0


3.36 1.21 281 266

Boatmen 0.39 0 210 0

Driver 0.79 0 305 0

Unemployed 2,18 7.54 - -

The table shows that highest percentage of people having an occupation in farming and labor. The employment days in a year show that farming is probably a part-time occupation.



3.7 Educational Status The average literacy rate in the sub-project area is 61% with literate female and male ratio 1:1.14 is better than the national average. The national average for rural literacy rate as per BBS is 57% with a literate female and male ratio of 1:1.17. The schooling facilities and motivation of the people appeared to be the cause for such higher level of literacy rate.

3.8 Housing Characteristics Except for the sub-project Beel Sukunia, the housing structure was not included in the household survey for the other sub-projects. However, noted observations of the PRRA team showed that degraded, makeshift or thatched houses were hardly seen in sample villages. Observations of the PRRA team in the sub-project Horai River recorded its percentage as insignificant. The housing structures of most households are either corrugated sheet or brick walled.

3.9 Household Water Supply In the household survey within the sample villages of sub project Horai River Sub-project only few households were found who drink contaminated water (2%). The high rate of pure drinking water supply in the sub-project area is consistent with the national average which is 94.98% (BBS HIES Report 2011). The reasons are the large scale motivational campaigns by the Government and NGOs for the use of pure drinking water and the availability of low cost simple technology (hand tube well) for lifting groundwater. Sanitation Facility The present situation of sanitation in the sub-project are shown the table 4

Table 4: Sanitation in the sub-project




Open 1.67

Source: Project HH survey. The table shows that 49% of the households within the sub-project area are using hygienic latrine sanitation, a figure slightly less than the national average (51%). A major portion of the households are still out of hygienic sanitation coverage. 3.10 Poverty The nationally poverty is based on the measurement of calorie intake converted into cost, a method called food poverty.This is the cost of food with daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost for non food items (clothes, medicines etc) of basic need. In Bangladesh this method is used to measure the poverty through expenditure survey. Within this concept of poverty measurement upper and lower poverty lines were established by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS) The upper poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of foodwith daily nutritional requirement of 2122 k.cal plus an average cost of non food items. The lower poverty line is the per capita household expenditure to meet the cost of daily nutritional amount of 1810 K cal plus an average cost of non food items. People living in between the two lines are moderate poor and people living below the lower poverty line are extreme poor. BBS set the poverty lines for six divisions based on their Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES). As the sub-project area belong to Dhaka division, its upper and lower poverty lines is implied also for the sub-project area. Table 5: Upper and Lower Poverty line for Dhaka Division







Table 6: Per capita monthly average expenditure Per capita expenditure group


Total %

Remarks

M F

Less than TK. 1276 17.34 2.25 19.59 As per national definition of poverty this group is extreme poor (BBS HIES 2010)

TK. 1277 to 1497 23.22 1.59 24.81 As per national definition of poverty this group is absolute poor (BBS HIES 2010)

Total 40.56 3.84

44.40

Source: Project PRRA in Horai River The average incidence of poverty in the sub-project is 44.40%, a figure consistent with the district figure shown in poverty map of Bangadesh (ref: BBS web site- poverty map). In the map the poverty incidence for the district Rajbari is between 38-48%. The average rural poverty for Bangladesh is 34%. A more than average level of poverty therefore exists in the sub-project area.

3.11Livelihood Livelihood in general means living with most basic needs of life. The basic needs comprise an adequate quantity of food with required nutritional value, safe water, shelter, clothes etc. These require purchasing power of a person to acquire his needs. Purchasing power depends on income and income further depends on assets which generate income. There are physical and human assets. Land, rickshaw vans, fishing nets and boats, pumps, power tillers etc are generally physical assets for rural households and skills acquired through experience or training, education etc are the human asset. Both kinds of assets used to generate income build the purchasing power of a person to meet the basic needs of life or livelihood. Livelihood analysis therefore needs analysis of assets and income. Information on land, skills and income were collected through PRRAs undertaken by the project. The analysis of ownership of land and other assets are presented in Table 7 and 8.



Male HH Female HH

Total % of household

Estimated number of landholding HH in each category for the whole sub-project






Landless HH

less than 5 decimal

20.71 2.24 22.95 5,151 557 5,708

Marginal farmer

5-49 decimal 34.55 1.64 36.29 8,594 408 9,002

Small farmer

50-249 decimal

25.89 0 25.89 6,440 0 6,440

Medium farmer

250-749 decimal

11.91 0 11.91 2,963 0 2,963

Large farmer


3.04 0 3.04 756 0 756

Total 96.02 3.98 100% 23,904 965 24,875





Type of Asset Ownership range (number)

Percentage of total sample households

Male Female

Cattle (cow-bullock/ buffalo)

1-2 23.39 0.12

3 - 5 6.70 0

Above 5 2.89 0

Goat

1-2 18.18 0.83

3 - 5 4.12 0

Above 5 0,62 0

Poutry/duck 1-2 14.29 1.43

3 - 5 67.84 2.00

Above 5 8.24 0.58


Boat 1 2.76 0


Pump 1 11.61 0

Shop 1 6.15 0

Others: Auto bike/ tempo

1 1.11 0

Source: Project PRRA in sample (representative) villages


Capita income group


Whether this income is sufficient to maintain their livelihood

Male HH Female

Less then Tk. 1276

17.72 2 No

1276 to 1497 22.83 1.68 No

Tk. 1498 -2243 26 0.32 No

Tk. 2244 above 29 0 yes

Source: BBS HS Report 2010 and PRRA

The first two groups of income in Table F 10 belong to the below-poverty level. The third income group is above the poverty level which, however, according to FGD participants is not sufficient for a desired livelihood. The third group is more than the national average which is found to be sufficient for desired livelihood. If we consider household asset position and income and critically consider size of household (4), a monthly income of more than Tk.10,000 is needed to sustain a desired livelihood of minimum standard. Currently this is not the case for the majority of the households of the sub-project

3.12 Gender Situation The gender situation in the sub-project was assessed through PRRA/FGDs, using a qualitative matrix where 9 types of gender issues were distinguished. The dimensions of these gender issues were ranked as none, low, medium and high. The results are presented in Table 10.



Table 10: Gender dimension on key issues Sl. No






√ √


√ √





















Although in a few cases like mobility within the community, control over micro credit, decision making on children schooling, daughters marriage, purchasing daily essentials, family planning/new children and participation in local government women decision making position ranked medium level, men‟s positions are still high in most social and economic respects. The gender situation in Horai River can therefore be characterized as a low women empowerment situation with gender inequality in most social and economic respects..

3.13 Social Safeguards

Under the project frame work social safeguard issues have been looked into following ADB guideline in Hand Book on Poverty and Social Analysis and in consultation with Water Board and relevant project staff. The issues which have been considered are resettlement, indigenous people, labor, affordability and other risks/vulnerabilities. Resettlement is not an issue, since land acquisition or loss of land property will not take place. There are no indigenous people living in de SP area. Where labor is concerned, neither labor displacement nor job loss is expected, on the contrary, it is likely that the project will generate additional employment. No relation was found between the proposed SP‟s rehabilitation work and poor and other vulnerable group access to goods and services. Affordability issues are therefore not implied to the sub project. There are poor and vulnerable communities in the sub project. However, no negative effect is foreseen for the poor and vulnerable communities because of the project‟s rehabilitating work. Rather, the project is expected to reduce poverty through agriculture, fisheries and livelihood improvement program.

3.14Strategies for Livelihood Improvement, Poverty Reduction and Gender Development The analysis and assessment of existing socio economic, livelihood, and poverty and gender situation in Horai River Sub-project reveals the need for undertaking a programme especially on livelihood improvement, poverty reduction and gender development to disseminate the benefits of the proposed water management sub-project to all sections of the community. For this purpose the following strategies are proposed. Targeting the number of households with inadequate asset and low income for project assistance



Criteria for selecting and organizing households with inadequate/no assets and low income are suggested as follows:

Households with land from 0-49 decimal monthly per capita income Tk. 1497 (upper poverty line).

The household member to be involved with the project should have a working age preferably below 50 and above 18.

The household member should be a permanent setter of project area.

The household member to be involved with the project should have interest to join skill, business and marketing training for livelihood enhancement.

He or she should guarantee that after the training he or she undertake IGA with self finance with micro credit for NGOs

He or she must join as member in the local WMG to be formed under the sub project

3.15 Implementation Arrangements Government agencies including BWDB may have technical expertise for implementing technical activities like design, construction, technology, demonstration etc, but they do not have the capacity and expertise to handle the poor directly at the grassroots level as required for poverty reduction, gender development livelihood enhancement The programme therefore should be implemented by outsourcing the development activities through appropriate NGOs working in the relevant project area under the supervision of this project. Selection of Appropriate Activities for the Programme Livelihood enhancement/improvement deserves activities to be undertaken which generating income for the target group. The proposed activities are: Potential IGAs: For sub-project area feasible IGAs with a need for initial capital and a yearly estimated income are shown in Table F 11. The households to be involved with the sub-project may select IGAs from this list. Financial/credit support: The project has no provision to support its beneficiaries with cash or credit. There are NGOs and MFIs active in the sub-project area (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASHA, Palli Unnayan Samity or outsourcing NGOs) that may be linked to provide financial support Skill business and marketing training: The selected members of the households would need to have the capacity to manage IGAs. Therefore skill, business and marketing training needs to be provided by the project through the outsourcing to NGOs. Involvement of women: This is a key strategic activity of gender development under the project. At least one third of the project beneficiaries in WMG, 50% in IGA skill, business and marketing training should be women. This is important for women empowerment and minimizing gender inequality

Table 11: Feasible income generating activities

Name of opted IGA

Approximate initial capital required to initiate business/IGA

Yearly profit rate


Remarks


@ Tk. 300 per decimal for 50 decimal Tk. 15,000

Approximately Tk. 150% (with two crops a year)

Tk. 22,500 Initial capital may be available from local NGOs/MFIs

Milk cow rearig and beef fattening


Approximately 75%

TK. 15,000 “ “


Tk. 20,000 Approximately 100% with two times turn over in two rice seasons

20,000 “ “

Small scale fish culture

Tk. 20,000 to 25,000

Approximately 100%

Tk. 20,000 to 25,000

“ “

Rice fish culture Tk. 40,000 Approximately 100%

Tk. 40,000 This activity may be suitable for marginal and



small farmers The may get loan from NGOs/MFIs



Tk. 15,000 This is a women friendly activity and they may get loan for the activity from NGOs



Tk. 30,000-45,000

For this activity NGO/MFI loan is available locally

Masonry and rod binding



Employment in project construction works and maintenance in or around project area. Activity need skill training




Needs skill training


3.16 Livelihood improvement for vulnerable households In addition to poor households there are vulnerable households living inHorai River Sub-project They do not posses any livelihood assets and hardly have any income. Household heads with disability also included in this group. They live on other‟s support/ begging/alms taking etc. Socially they are also called destitute. Their number is not significant. An estimate with the help of Upazila parishad shows that their number in the 173 villages of Horai River sub-project could be approximately 400. Training and credit linkage normally do not work to improve their livelihood (NGOs normally do not give any credit to this group). Separate strategy is needed to be taken to improve their livelihood. Direct asset support through grant in kind showed useful result in improving their livelihood. They project may consider to distribute among them poultry/duck or goat/sheep or Rickshaw van to generate income.

3.17 Institutional arrangements through WMG: Institutional arrangements for gender and livelihood enhancement programme deserve a special attention. BWDB promotes their water management programme through Water Management Groups (WMGs) at farmers level. In Horai River sub-project 31 WMGs are likely to be formed. Gender and livelihood programmes may be integrated with this grass root level organization for selection of beneficiaries and supportive action with outsourcing to a NGO.

3.18 Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Action Based on strategies proposed in Chapter 5 an action plan with budget has been formulated to implement the activities under the proposed project strategies

Table 12: Action Plan for Gender & Livelihood improvement / Enhancement Target/output Main Activities Responsibilities Support Needed Time Frame


Select NGOs, provide ToR, , issue work order, provide administrative and financial support to implement the GLEP



2487 (10% of total HH) beneficiary from poor households selected for project support



Within a week after selection of NGO









NGO/Resource person Financial support from PMO and technical support from consultant










Deliver ToT for skills and business trainers (if it is done for other sub-project, not necessary for this sub-project)
















GLEP action plan Follow up and monitoring of livelihood improvement process




Per participant cost for 4 days of ToT (including one day for gender) on skills, business and marketing (including trainees and trainer allowance, venue and training material cost)

Per beneficiary the trainee cost for an average 15 days training ( included 2 days orientation on gender) on skills and business training


The basis of estimation is the rate proposed or used in Narail and Chenchuri Beel which is currently being implemented.

Table 13: Budget for gender and livelihood support

Sl. No

Cost item description Average training cost per participant (Tk.)

No of participants /trainees(

Total cost for each item/ activity (Tk.)


1000 432(144) 432,000


Not needed, ToT organized for Beel Sukinia will serve the purpose for all sub-projects

- -


2,500 2,487(746) 6,217,500

4 Livelihood asset support through grant in kind to 200 vulnerable/destitute household

5,000 200 1,000,000



households

Sub total 7,649,500

5 NGO service cost (10% of sub total) 764,950


A detailed break down of costs for each item or activity may be done by the PMO during implementation based on the implementation plan, type of skills, trade, locality and venue.

3.20 Economic and Social Benefits of the Gender and Livelihood Programme a. Economic benefits Undertaking wage based and self employed proposed IGAs by the trained beneficiaries under the project will increase their income. It is expected that as a result of the increased per capita income the poverty will decrease. This will contribute to increase per capita national income. b. Social benefits Poverty is not only an economic issue; it is also a social issue. The poor people are the burden of the society. Social and political instability, crime, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment and many other social problems are associated with the poverty. Reducing poverty through increased income and employment contribute to bring social stability, contribute to gender empowerment, make the society more peaceful and harmonious and create an environment for further development in the field of education, health and culture.

3.21 Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out side by side: GFP / PMO / SMO / ASG / project personnel / MC of WMG will form a monitoring committee and will provide a quarterly report to the PMO / Project authority, copy to Gender and Poverty Component (GPC). For this purpose monitoring indicators based on action or implementation plan is suggested to be developed.

3.22 Implementation of Gender policy In line with the national gender policy, the policies for women participation in water management have already been proposed/recommended for other sub-projects currently being implemented under this project. These policies should also be taken into consideration for promotion of gender equality in Horai River sub-project. The WMGs may be the focal point to implement these polices. The policies are as follows:

- Participation in water resources operation and maintenance for women capacity building needs to be stressed

- Minimum 70% poor / non poor women are always beneficiary of any water related program. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted for any other IGA participation. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are targeted for various IGA / Skill / WMG / leader ship

empowering / capacity building / agri based / fish farm / O&M of water structures training. - Minimum 50% poor / non poor women are always beneficiary of WMG programs. - Establish equality between men and women in all spheres of livelihood. - Ensure women‟s security in all spheres of state, society and family. - Ensure empowerment of women in the fields of politics, administration and the economy. - Financial / credit facility as per WMG activity for IGA. - 100% poverty / impoverished reduced for women participation require is always of any water resource

program. - Establish women‟s human rights. - Develop women as educated and efficient human resources. - Free women from the curse of poverty. - Eliminate existing discrimination against men and women. - Acknowledge women‟s contribution in social and economic sphere. - Eradicate all forms of oppression on women and girls. - Establish equality between men and women in administration, politics, education, culture, sports and

all other economic activities. - Devise and import technology congenial to the interest of women and ban use of technology harmful to

women. - Take adequate measures to ensure women‟s health and nutrition. - Ensure priority of women in the arrangement of hoisting and providing suitable shelter for women. - Meet the needs of women especially in difficult circumstances. - Ensure security for widows, divorced, unmarried and childless women. - Reflect gender perspective in mass-media by projection positive image of women. - Provide assistance on flourishing creativity of meritorious and talented women. - Provide support services in the advancement of women.



3.23 Conclusions and Recommendations

Considering the socio-economic aspects within the sub-project of Horai River further development support is needed. Although a number of the criteria such as household size (4.6), male and female literacy rate, sex ratio, drinking water supply, electricity use, housing condition etc are close to the national values, figures on poverty, literacy, gender and livelihood justify project interventions. The general experience is that with such a situation, further development initiatives will become relatively easier on the ground of people‟s exposure and motivation to adapt the benefit of development. This accelerates a process of social induction process where people adopt new technologies following his fellow neighbor or other members of the society. The current poverty situation which is more than the national average, the inadequate livelihood means and a low gender dimension in the sub-project area justifies project interventions. In the PRRAs conducted in the sub-project area to assess the socio economic, gender and livelihood situation and options for further improvement, both women and men participated spontaneously. The assessment of the existing situation and the opinion of participants for further improvements lead the PRRA team to believe that the community living within the sub-project is socially prepared to adopt the development interventions to be undertaken under the sub-project. Strategies and action plan for gender and livelihood enhancement have already been proposed in this report. Further to these, some recommendations to be focused while undertaking the gender and livelihood programme are as follows:



Resources as proposed in the budget are not overestimated, but minimum amounts, and the provisions in the overall sub-project budget may therefore deserve special consideration;


Employing women in operation and maintenance of water structure; that is another gender dimension to enhance the livelihood of vulnerable women (FHH). Generally men are employed in operation and maintenance of the water structure and they get financial benefit. It is here suggested that along with men equal number of women must also be given opportunity for this activity;

Detailed planning of GLEP is recommended to be made in coordination with the other components of the sub project.



APPENDIX-14Alfadanga-Boalmari Sub-Project

Table 1: List of Villages

Sl. No.

List of Villages Union Upazila District Number of HHs

1 Baisha Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 22

2 Baroipara Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 257

3 Bejidanga Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 264

4 Biddadhar Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 167

5 Daruna Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 99

6 Dhalarchar Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 191

7 Gazipur Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 31

8 Isapasa Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 256

9 Jati-brahmongram Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 88

10 Jatigram Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 532

11 Langolia Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 27

12 Mithapur Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 419

13 Mohisarghop Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 93

14 Nawra-Mithapur Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 196

15 Shukurhata Alfadanga Alfadanga Faridpur 157

16 Alfadanga Alfadanga Pourasava

Alfadanga Faridpur 370

17 Bakhail Alfadanga Pourasava


18 Buraich Alfadanga Pourasava


19 Hidedanga Alfadanga Pourasava


20 Kusumdi Alfadanga Pourasava


21 Nagarkanda Alfadanga Pourasava


22 Nawapara Alfadanga Pourasava


23 Aragi-Bana Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 31

24 Arpara Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 259

25 Ausher-hat Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 22

26 Bel-Bana Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 365

27 Gorania Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 423

28 Konagram Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 77

29 Kotarakandi Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 253



Sl. No.


30 Pandit-Bana Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 85

31 Shirgram-North Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 111

32 Shirgram Shouth Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 260

33 Tabni Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 95

34 Tunapara Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 224

35 Tunarchar Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 170

36 Uthali Bana Alfadanga Faridpur 262

37 Barangkhola Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 682

38 Beelmala Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 71

39 Beelputia Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 84

40 Fenda Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 24

41 Folia Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 520

42 Helencha Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 525

43 Helencha-hati Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 78

44 Jangalia Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 59

45 Jaydebpur Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 211

46 Kotarakandi Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 324

47 Pakuria Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 267

48 Panigati Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 60

49 Panipara Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 96

50 Sararkandi Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 170

51 Shialdi Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 387

52 Sholmari Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 187

53 Tikaipara Buraich Alfadanga Faridpur 109

54 Chandora Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 370

55 Gopalpur Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 453

56 Kamargram Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 610

57 Kuchiagram Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 212

58 Kuldhar Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 144

59 Malidanga Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 78

60 Pabanbeg Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 338

61 Paragram Gopalpur Alfadanga Faridpur 409

62 Dhuljhuri Panchuria Alfadanga Faridpur 335

63 JughiBhorat Panchuria Alfadanga Faridpur 565

64 Barobhag Tagarbanda Alfadanga Faridpur 340

65 Ghidah Tagarbanda Alfadanga Faridpur 34

66 Mala Tagarbanda Alfadanga Faridpur 274

67 Nandigram Tagarbanda Alfadanga Faridpur 81

68 Tita Tagarbanda Alfadanga Faridpur 114

69 Baguyan Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 168



Sl. No.


70 Bijoy Nagar Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 40

71 Chapoldanga Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 271

72 Dopapara Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 526

73 DoriHarihar Nagar Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 278

74 Goyabaria Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 15

75 Gunbaha Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 704

76 Gurdia Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 147

77 Harihar Nagar Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 410

78 Jaliadanga Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 57

79 Kamar Gram Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 320

80 KamarHela Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 69

81 Minajpur Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 33

82 Mukterpur Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 152

83 Nader Chand Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 11

84 Sona Nagar Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 46

85 Vabanipur Gunbaha Boalmari Faridpur 52

Total 19116

Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio



Alfadanga 12009 6236 5773 2799 4.29

Alfadanga Pourasava

9223 4864 4359 2170 4.25

Bana 11207 5890 5317 2637 4.25

Buraich 16658 8710 7948 3854 4.32

Gopalpur 10992 5761 5231 2614 4.21

Gunbaha 13844 7284 6560 3299 4.20

Panchuria 3992 2089 1903 900 4.44

Tagarbanda 3478 1799 1679 843 4.13

Total 81403 42633 38770 19116 4.26



Table 5 2: Age groups of population


Number Percentage

Upto 17 28684 35.24

18- 45 37213 45.71

46-60 10256 12.60

61 and above 5250 6.45

81403 100.00

Table 5.3: Male and Female Headed Household

Sl. No Name of Union Total Households Male Headed Female Headed

1 Alfadanga 2799 2654 145

2 Alfadanga Pourasava 2170 2044 126

3 Bana 2637 2513 124

4 Buraich 3854 3671 183

5 Gopalpur 2614 2490 124

6 Gunbaha 3299 3144 155

7 Panchuria 900 868 32

8 Tagarbanda 843 810 33

Total 19116 18194 922

Table -5.4 Occupational Structure of the H/H Head

Occupation of the HH head Number Percent (%)

Business 2638 13.80

Farmer 4782 25.02

Housewife 863 4.51

Others 7148 37.39

Service 3685 19.28

Total 19116 100.00

Table 5.5 Income Group


0-13000 11313 59.18

13001-15000 1797 9.40

15001-20000 2158 11.29

20001-25000 1216 6.36

>25000 2632 13.77

Total 19116 100.00



Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership


Landless Farmer (0.49 Dec) 13838 72.39

Marginal Farmer (50-120 Dec) 2697 14.11

Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 1481 7.75


Large Farmer (> 501) 288 1.51

Total 19116 100.00

Table- 5.7: Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 11364 15.24 9653 12.94 21017 28.18

Class-VI to IX 7982 10.70 9583 12.85 17565 23.55

Secondary and Equivalent 5716 7.66 4328 5.80 10044 13.47

Higher Secondary and Equivalent 2736 3.67 1450 1.94 4186 5.61

Graduate and Equivalent 1357 1.82 620 0.83 1977 2.65

Post Graduate and above 741 0.99 224 0.30 965 1.29

Hafez 217 0.29 39 0.05 256 0.34

Total Literate 30113 40.38 25897 34.73 56010 75.10

Sign Only 5220 7.00 5271 7.07 10491 14.07


Total 39080 52.40 35496 47.60 74576 100.00

Table –5.8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs

Name of Union Pucca Kutcha Total Number

Percent (RoW) Numbe

r Percent (RoW)

Number

Percent (RoW)

Alfadanga 2794 14.62 5 0.03 2799 14.64

Alfadanga Pourasava

2159 11.29 11 0.06 2170 11.35

Bana 2629 13.75 8 0.04 2637 13.79

Buraich 3806 19.91 48 0.25 3854 20.16

Gopalpur 2568 13.43 46 0.24 2614 13.67

Gunbaha 3277 17.14 22 0.12 3299 17.26

Panchuria 898 4.70 2 0.01 900 4.71

Tagarbanda 841 4.40 2 0.01 843 4.41

Total 18972 99.25 144 0.75 19116 100.00



Table – 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union


Agricultural Homestead Pond Fish Culture Wet Land Total

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent Number

Percent Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Alfadanga 1032 14.12 2450 14.75 95 30.25 98 25.06 34 24.11 3709 14.98

Alfadanga Pourasava

558 7.63 1923 11.58 40 12.74 27 6.91 2 1.42 2550 10.30

Bana 1181 16.16 2287 13.77 46 14.65 57 14.58 25 17.73 3596 14.52

Buraich 1595 21.82 3226 19.42 30 9.55 127 32.48 38 26.95 5016 20.26

Gopalpur 975 13.34 2413 14.53 41 13.06 5 1.28 2 1.42 3436 13.87

Gunbaha 1183 16.18 2804 16.88 38 12.10 58 14.83 38 26.95 4121 16.64

Panchuria 448 6.13 767 4.62 4 1.27 15 3.84 1 0.71 1235 4.99

Tagarbanda

338 4.62 738 4.44 20 6.37 4 1.02 1 0.71 1101 4.45

Total 7310 100.00 16608 100.00 314 100.00 391 100.00 141 100.00 24764 100.00

Name of Union



Dec. % Dec. % Dec. % Dec. % Dec. % Dec. %

Alfadanga 132,485 14.89 35,805 16.20 2,420 28.18 3,097 30.44 1,246 21.70 175,053 15.42

Alfadanga Pourasava

78,389 8.81 26,646 12.05 1,634 19.03 682 6.70 205 3.57 107,556 9.48

Bana 148,941 16.74 29,707 13.44 601 7.00 1,912 18.79 1,194 20.79 182,354 16.06

Buraich 177,079 19.91 41,082 18.58 949 11.05 2,635 25.90 1,593 27.74 223,338 19.68

Gopalpur 140,892 15.84 34,837 15.76 1,089 12.68 75 0.74 200 3.48 177,093 15.60

Gunbaha 109,521 12.31 33,301 15.06 772 8.99 1,309 12.87 1,293 22.51 146,196 12.88

Panchuria 46,231 5.20 8,836 4.00 80 0.93 300 2.95 2 0.03 55,449 4.88

Tagarbanda 56,003 6.30 10,860 4.91 1,043 12.14 165 1.62 10 0.17 68,081 6.00

Total 889,540 100.00 221,073 100.00 8,588 100.00 10,175 100.00 5,743 100.00 1,135,118 100.00

Table 5.10 Land Type of Surveyed H.H



Homestead 221,073 19.48



Wet Land 5,743 0.51

Total 1,135,118 100.00

Table: 5.12 Marital Statuses


Married 18743 98.05

Unmarried 373 1.95

Table 19116 100



Table: 5.13 Destitute/Vulnerable


Yes 10756 56.27

No 8360 43.73

Total 19116 100

Table: 5.15 Average Monthly Income of Surveyed Households


<Tk.6000 1701 8.90

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 9055 47.37

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 3378 17.67

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1637 8.56

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 1076 5.63

>Tk.28001 2269 11.87

Total 19116 100

Table: 5.16 Average Monthly Expenditure of Surveyed Households


<Tk.6000 2572 13.45

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 9629 50.37

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 3400 17.79

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1512 7.91

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 775 4.05

>Tk.28001 1228 6.42

Total 19116 100

Table: 5.17 Whether Cooperative Members

Whether Cooperative Members

Number Percent

Yes 71 0.37

No 19045 99.63

Total 19116 100

Table: 5.18 NGO Members

Whether NGO Members Number Percent

Yes 5060 26.47

No 14056 73.53

Total 19116 100

Table: 5.19 Involved with Income Generating activity

Income Generating activity Number Percent


Business 185 7.01

Fisheries 113 4.28


Others 0 0.00

Total 2638 100



Table: 5.21 Type of Latrine


Pucca 18972 99.25

Kaccha 144 0.75

Total 19116 100

Table--: 5.22 Sources of Drinking Water

Sources of Drinking Water Number Percent

Tubewell 18796 98.33

Ponds 320 1.67

Total 19116 100

5.23 Whether water quality tested

Whether Tubewell water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Yes 11579 60.57

No 7537 39.43

Total 19116 100



APPENDIX-2.2Arol Beel Table –4. Lists of Villages

Sl. No.


1 Ber Gabindropur Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 82

2 Dakshin Koyarpara Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 75

3 Deghol Singha Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 42

4 Laskarpur Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 43

5 Manmotopur Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 40

6 Mashompur Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 41

7 Uttar Koyarpara Chaugachha Chaugachha Jessore 36

8 Bagpara Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 41

9 Biswaspara Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 70

10 Biswaspur Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 10

11 Chandpur Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 38

12 Chaugachha Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 90

13 Easapur Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 41

14 Hudapara Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 10

15 Kutipara Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 10

16 Modelpara Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 10

17 Panchanamona Chaugachha Paurasava Chaugachha Jessore 40

18 Ajmotpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 23

19 Bhadra Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 21

20 Chota Kabilpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 21

21 Dhulani Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 69

22 Fatepur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 30

23 Khabilpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 20

24 Kushtia Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 40

25 Mukondopur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 11

26 Mukterpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 55

27 Shahjadpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 45

28 Ujirpur Dhuliani Chaugachha Jessore 33

29 Arkandi Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 60

30 Arpara Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 52

31 Dakshin Sagar Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 40

32 Jagadispur Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 40

33 Jhinaikundu Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 40

Sl. No.


34 Kandi Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 59

35 Marua Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 81

36 Mirzapur Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 52

37 Sarporajpur Jagadishpur Chaugachha Jessore 40



38 Banorhuda Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 9

39 Bariyali Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 80

40 Barogobindapur Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 20

41 Bilarole Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 10

42 Burindia Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 82

43 Doshpakhia Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 70

44 Duriali Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 16

45 Gopinathpur Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 20

46 Howli Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 41

47 Kaliakandi Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 22

48 Maligati Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 20

49 Matsharanga Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 20

50 Palua Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 62

51 Pashapole Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 98

52 Poula Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 10

53 Raghunathpur Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 60

54 Raniali Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 52

55 Sureshorkati Pashapole Chaugachha Jessore 21

56 Bishwanathpur Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 10

57 Hayatpur Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 37

58 Muktadaho Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 40

59 Patibila Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 116

60 Purahuda Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 40

61 Rustompur Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 50

62 Sadipur Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 20

63 Teghari Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 20

64 Vabanipur Patibila Chaugachha Jessore 20

65 Afra Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 83

66 Arardah Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 21

67 Arardaha Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 18

68 Baruihati Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 41

69 Chanda Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 20

70 Charabari Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 17

71 Durgabor Kathi Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 30

72 Jamira Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 30

73 Kotalipur Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 40

74 Phulsara Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 131

75 Raynagar Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 40

76 Sayedpur Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 40

77 Shibnagar Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 20

Sl. No.


78 Solua Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 131

79 Syedpur Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 40

80 Tafalbaria Phulsara Chaugachha Jessore 20

81 Goribpur Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 42



82 Hudafatepur Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 41

83 Jagannathpur Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 77

84 Jahangirpur Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 44

85 Khoddor Singhajhuli Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 40

86 Mazali Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 42

87 Pitambarpur Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 42

88 Singhajhuli Singhajhuli Chaugachha Jessore 40

89 Balia Vakutia Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 112

90 Bi Potengali Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 23

91 Chandpur Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 24

92 Dhopakhola Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

93 Durgapur Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 51

94 Kholadanga Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 89

95 Krisnabati Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 52

96 Malanchi Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 42

97 Mondalgati Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 57

98 Potingali Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 60

99 Roghurampur Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 43

100 Sujolpur Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 133

101 Vakutia Arabpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 142

102 Abdulpur Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 36

103 Badiatola Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 22

104 Bagdanga Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 50

105 Belerhat Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 10

106 Belermath Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 10

107 Bhagalpur Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

108 Chatiantola Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 81

109 Churamankati Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 57

110 Dogachhia Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 81

111 Gabila Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

112 Jhawdia Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 63

113 Jogohati Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

114 Kamalapur Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

115 Khatibdia Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 80

116 Naldanga Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 44

117 Paltadanga Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 21

118 Sajiali Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 21

119 Shyamnagar Churamankati Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

120 Alamnagar Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 28

Sl. No.


121 Arajiamdabad Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

122 Arijpur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 60

123 Bajadurgapur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

124 Chandutia Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 99



125 Chhilimpur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 50

126 Chota Gabindrapur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 21

127 Dattapara Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

128 Diara Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 44

129 Dumdia Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 63

130 Eranda Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 86

131 Faridpur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 125

132 Halsha Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 66

133 Ichhapur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 44

134 Jola Amdabad Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 21

135 Mathbari Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

136 Mohadebpur Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

137 Narangali Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 41

138 Narangoli Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 56

139 Teghorea Diara Jessore Sadar Jessore 108

140 Anayetpur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

141 Boro Haibatpur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 10

142 Kadirpara Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

143 Manikdihi Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

144 Mothurapur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 60

145 Muradgoar Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

146 Nischantopur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 42

147 Shahbazpur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

148 Somospur Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 45

149 Tiroar Hat Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 40

150 Triearhat Haibatpur Jessore Sadar Jessore 20

151 Atlia Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 68

152 Bangdah Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 78

153 Goalhati Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 64

154 Gulbagpur Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 30

155 Sreechandrapur Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 44

156 Sutipur Ganganandapur Jhikargachha Jessore 80

157 Hariadeara Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 100

158 Jhaudia Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 10

159 Laujari Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 31

160 Laxmipur Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 73

161 Mallikpur Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 11

162 Sagarpur Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 60

163 Srirampur Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Jessore 206

Sl. No.


164 Jhikargachha Jhikargachha Paurasava Jhikargachha Jessore 194

165 Kirtipur Jhikargachha Paurasava Jhikargachha Jessore 42

166 Krisnonagar Jhikargachha Paurasava Jhikargachha Jessore 65

167 Angarpara Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 20

168 Asingri Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 15



169 Chanda Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 42

170 Daharmagura Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 60

171 Ghordah Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 70

172 Joyrampur Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 50

173 Kayemkhola Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 82

174 Magura Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 77

175 Mishridaria Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 76

176 Mohammadpur Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 20

177 Monoharpur Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 81

178 Phulbari Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 75

179 Santoshnagar Magura Jhikargachha Jessore 45

180 Kashtabhanga Kashtabhanga Kaliganj Jhenaidah 40

Total 8569

Table 1: General Information


Name of Districts 2

Name of Upazila 4

Name and number of Unions 17

Number of Villages 180

Total Gross Area

Total Agriculture Area (dec.)

Total Households 8569

Total Population 35597

Households Size 4.15

Total Area Square feet

Status of Electricity



Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective Table: 1 Population and Sex Ratio



Arabpur 3712 1886 1826 868 4.28

Chaugachha 1466 766 700 359 4.08

Chaugachha Paurasava 1540 789 751 360 4.28

Churamankati 2953 1505 1448 716 4.12

Dhuliani 1538 792 746 368 4.18

Diara 4389 2292 2097 1032 4.25

Ganganandapur 1537 788 749 364 4.22

Haibatpur 1363 707 656 337 4.04

Jagadishpur 1849 969 880 464 3.98

Jhikargachha 2054 1062 992 491 4.18

Jhikargachha Paurasava 1228 628 600 301 4.08

Kashtabhanga 159 87 72 40 3.98

Magura 2827 1478 1349 713 3.96

Pashapole 2890 1494 1396 713 4.05

Patibila 1531 777 754 353 4.34

Phulsara 3007 1526 1481 722 4.16

Singhajhuli 1554 789 765 368 4.22

Total 35597 18335 17262 8569 4.15



Number Percentage

Upto 17 10980 30.85

18- 45 16629 46.71

46-60 5867 16.48

61 and above 2121 5.96

35597 100.00



Table 3: Male and Female Headed Household


1 Arabpur 868 841 27

2 Chaugachha 359 343 16

3 Chaugachha Paurasava 360 349 11

4 Churamankati 716 685 31

5 Dhuliani 368 354 14

6 Diara 1032 995 37

7 Ganganandapur 364 345 19

8 Haibatpur 337 317 20

9 Jagadishpur 464 451 13

10 Jhikargachha 491 465 26

11 Jhikargachha Paurasava

301 281 20

12 Kashtabhanga 40 38 2

13 Magura 713 684 29

14 Pashapole 713 680 33

15 Patibila 353 339 14

16 Phulsara 722 694 28

17 Singhajhuli 368 363 5

Total 8569 8224 345

Table -4: Occupational Structure of the H/H Head


Abroad 368 4.29

Business 1221 14.25


Farmer 2376 27.73

Fish Farmers 25 0.29

Fisherman 58 0.68

Housewife 296 3.45

Other's 264 3.08

Service 611 7.13

Total 8569 100.00



Table 5.- Income Group of Area


0-13000 5507 64.27

13001-15000 909 10.61

15001-20000 927 10.82

20001-25000 427 4.98

>25000 799 9.32

Total 8569 100.00

Table-6: HHS category by Land Ownership at




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 818 9.55


Large Farmer (> 501) 74 0.86

Total 8569 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 8082 24.52 7516 22.80 15598 47.32

Upto SSC/Equivalents 5684 17.24 5962 18.09 11646 35.33

Upto HSC/Equivalents 1501 4.55 932 2.83 2433 7.38

Degree & Above/Equivalents 752 2.28 324 0.98 1076 3.26

Total Literate 16019 48.60 14734 44.70 30753 93.30


Total 17035 51.68 15926 48.32 32961 100.00



Table 8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH Name of Union Pucca/Concrit Ringslub Kaccha/Unhygenic Total





Arabpur 380 4.43 456 5.32 32 0.37 868 10.13

Chaugachha 127 1.48 210 2.45 22 0.26 359 4.19

Chaugachha Paurasava

214 2.50 138 1.61 8 0.09 360 4.20

Churamankati 365 4.26 315 3.68 36 0.42 716 8.36

Dhuliani 100 1.17 240 2.80 28 0.33 368 4.29

Diara 475 5.54 510 5.95 47 0.55 1032 12.04

Ganganandapur 138 1.61 212 2.47 14 0.16 364 4.25

Haibatpur 168 1.96 158 1.84 11 0.13 337 3.93

Jagadishpur 182 2.12 257 3.00 25 0.29 464 5.41

Jhikargachha 195 2.28 277 3.23 19 0.22 491 5.73

Jhikargachha Paurasava

121 1.41 169 1.97 11 0.13 301 3.51

Kashtabhanga 20 0.23 20 0.23 0 0.00 40 0.47

Magura 289 3.37 386 4.50 38 0.44 713 8.32

Pashapole 278 3.24 394 4.60 41 0.48 713 8.32

Patibila 141 1.65 200 2.33 12 0.14 353 4.12

Phulsara 277 3.23 417 4.87 28 0.33 722 8.43

Singhajhuli 133 1.55 218 2.54 17 0.20 368 4.29

Total 3603 42.05 4577 53.41 389 4.54 8569 100

Table 9: Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union Land Type of the Surveyed HH



Arabpur 20,074 5.13 7,163 9.67 55 4.99 2,226 7.03 29,518 5.93

Chaugachha 8,397 2.15 1,753 2.37 - 0.00 2,057 6.49 12,207 2.45

Chaugachha Paurasava 12,272 3.14 3,072 4.15 46 4.17 2,180 6.88 17,570 3.53

Churamankati 35,952 9.19 6,998 9.45 169 15.34 1,146 3.62 44,265 8.89

Dhuliani 3,318 0.85 874 1.18 - 0.00 313 0.99 4,505 0.90

Diara 32,846 8.39 6,787 9.16 204 18.51 2,259 7.13 42,096 8.45

Ganganandapur 7,503 1.92 1,568 2.12 26 2.36 864 2.73 9,961 2.00

Haibatpur 18,767 4.80 3,463 4.68 27 2.45 445 1.40 22,702 4.56

Jagadishpur 29,514 7.54 5,003 6.76 42 3.81 969 3.06 35,528 7.13

Jhikargachha 21,638 5.53 5,586 7.54 266 24.14 1,823 5.75 29,313 5.88

Jhikargachha Paurasava 3,361 0.86 1,811 2.44 - 0.00 2,537 8.01 7,709 1.55

Kashtabhanga 3,276 0.84 684 0.92 - 0.00 446 1.41 4,406 0.88

Magura 40,207 10.28 7,271 9.82 44 3.99 3,449 10.89 50,971 10.23

Pashapole 65,377 16.71 7,338 9.91 62 5.63 4,840 15.28 77,617 15.58

Patibila 21,050 5.38 3,536 4.77 19 1.72 878 2.77 25,483 5.12

Phulsara 47,942 12.25 7,252 9.79 69 6.26 2,355 7.43 57,618 11.57

Singhajhuli 19,802 5.06 3,901 5.27 73 6.62 2,894 9.13 26,670 5.35

Total 391,296 100.00 74,058 100.00 1,102 100.00 31,681 100.00 498,137 100.00









Total 498,137 100.00




CI sheet 6250 72.94


Others 130 1.52

Total 8569 100.00

Table 12: Marital status


Married 8183 95.50

Unmarried 86 1.00

Widow 207 2.42

Widower 29 0.34

Divorced 28 0.33

Separate 36 0.42

Table 8569 100.00

Table -13: Destitute/Vulnerable


Yes 5158 60.19

No 3411 39.81

Total 8569 100.00

Table 5.14: Household Assets


TV 2924 34.12

Fridge 566 6.61

None 3767 43.96


Total 8569 100.00



Table 15: Average Monthly income of Surveyed Households


<Tk.6000 808 9.43

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 4350 50.76

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 1660 19.37

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 606 7.07

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 447 5.22

>Tk.28001 698 8.15

Total 8569 100.00

Table 16: Average Monthly Expenditure of Surveyed Households


<Tk.6000 990 11.55

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 5285 61.68

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 1343 15.67

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 505 5.89

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 221 2.58

>Tk.28001 225 2.63

Total 8569 100.00

Table 17: Whether Cooperative Members


Number Percent

Yes 62 0.72

No 8507 99.28

Total 8569 100.00

Table -18: NGO Members


Yes 2661 31.05

No 5908 68.95

Total 8569 100.00

Table 19: Involved with Income Generating activity



Fisheries 293 6.21


Business 305 6.46

Others 105 2.22

Total 4721 100.00



Table 20: Type of Training Received from any Organization

Type of Training Number Percent


Fisheries 89 17.91

Other Income gen 58 11.67

Financial 7 1.41

Others 76 15.29

Total 497 100.00

Table 21: Type of Latrine


Pucca 3603 42.05

Ringslub 4577 53.41

Kaccha 389 4.54

Total 8569 100.00

Table 22: Sources of Drinking Water


Tubewell 8555 99.84

Ponds 14 0.16

Total 8569 100.00

Table 23: Whether water quality tested


Number Percent

Yes 6599 77.01

No 1970 22.99

Total 8569 100.00



APPENDIX- 2.3 Bamonkhali Barnali

Table – 4.1 List of Villages

Sl. No.


1 Bamondanga Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 84

2 Batajori Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 76

3 Berail Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 528

4 Bhangura Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 77

5 Borojuka Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 51

6 Chandpur Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 149

7 Changardanga Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 349

8 Char Batajori Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 64

9 Charbijoy Khali Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 258

10 Chota Juka Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 148

11 Danga Singa Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 6

12 Digholkandi Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 64

13 Dohor Shingra Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 375

14 Jaliyavita Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 38

15 Manirampur Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 139

16 Nolnagar Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 70

17 Perpoliti Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 262

18 Ramchandrapur Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 65

19 Ramdargati Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 152

20 Senarchar Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 101

21 Sottobanpur Birail Palita Magura Sadar Magura 240

22 Arajee Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 15

23 Arajishikundi Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 58

24 Baurvanga Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 102

25 Bolosharpur Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 227

26 Chaulia Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 181

27 Dholohara Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 888

28 Ghoranas Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 742

29 Goalkhali Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 121

30 Gobindopur Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 204

31 Juithara Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 241

32 Kukila Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 261

33 Malikgram Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 191

34 Nischintapur Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 382

35 Shazirkandi Chaulia Magura Sadar Magura 90

36 Baharbagh Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 1038

37 Fotirhat Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 61

38 Gopalgram Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 327

39 Goulbathan Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 158

40 Sankochkhali Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 681

41 Shampur Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 201



Sl. No.


42 Tarora Gopalgram Magura Sadar Magura 219

43 Ajompur Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 618

44 Beel Akhci Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 344

45 Berakhci Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 307

46 Domdama Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 108

47 Jagdal Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 1056

48 Jogla Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 68

49 Jogla North Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 289

50 Jogla South Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 488

51 Laskarpur Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 257

52 Laxmipur Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 81

53 Madobpur Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 250

54 Narsinghati Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 332

55 Sumulia Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 198

56 Syed Rupati Jagdal Magura Sadar Magura 318

57 Amuria Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 1801

58 Asba Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 204

59 Baka Horishpur Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 116

60 Barosholai Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 161

61 Batikabari Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 233

62 Bolugram Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 224

63 Chapra Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 18

64 Dakshin Shimulia Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 147

65 Gangni Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 423

66 Kalaidanga Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 143

67 Kuchia Mora Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 586

68 Kulliya Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 550

69 Natungram Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 115

70 Noakhali Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 61

71 Par Kulliya Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 298

72 Patokhali Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 274

73 Surekantopur Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 181

74 Uttar Dharmashima Kuchiamora Magura Sadar Magura 270

75 Baina Chopdarpara Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 51

76 Chopdarpara Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 19

77 Ghoramara Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 326

78 Mirpara Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 114

79 Parla Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 83

80 Raygram Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 630

81 Shimulia Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 35

82 Vitashire Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 246

83 Vitashire Santibag Magura Paurasava Magura Sadar Magura 93

84 Bangram Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 194

85 Baroikhali Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 70



Sl. No.


86 Bishnupur Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 311

87 Dharmodaho Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 296

88 Durgapur Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 406

89 Fazila Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 69

90 Kalupara Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 475

91 Khanpur Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 211

92 Poyari Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 190

93 Rupdaho Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 476

94 Satrujitpur Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 765

95 Singhadangha Satrujitpur Magura Sadar Magura 276

96 Bamonkhali Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 109

97 Gongarampur Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 712

98 Gosgati Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 30

99 Katigram Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 283

100 Modhukhali Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 780

101 Monokhali Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 171

102 Pulum Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 527

103 Sonakur Gangarampur Shalikha Magura 166

104 Bagdanga Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 48

105 Bil Domurtola Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 277

106 Bill Anmurtola Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 9

107 Boikhali Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 62

108 Char Singia Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 176

109 Charbila Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 18

110 Danga Singia Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 37

111 Folia Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 42

112 Habakhali Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 18

113 Harighora Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 117

114 Hoydhorkhola Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 89

115 Ilindi Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 109

116 Joydebpur Dumurtola Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 280

117 Kagozipara Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 55

118 Komkhali Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 607

119 Noiabari Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 30

120 Shadukhali Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 265

121 Singia Bazar Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 340

122 Singla Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 100

123 Subiddunga Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 42

124 Vanderypara Habakhali Narail Sadar Narail 207

125 Adampur Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 90

126 Atoshpara Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 56

127 Balarampur Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 190

128 Chirakhada Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 30

129 Dohore Tarashi Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 76



Sl. No.


130 Kallankhali Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 38

131 Kalukhali Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 213

132 Magura Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 20

133 Par Balarampur Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 80

134 Ramessorpur Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 338

135 Solua Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 187

136 Tarashi Maij Para Narail Sadar Narail 379

137 Char Bila Sahabad Narail Sadar Narail 473

138 Dhonda Sahabad Narail Sadar Narail 95

139 Dohar Tarashi Sahabad Narail Sadar Narail 5

140 Mayankhali Sahabad Narail Sadar Narail 49

Total 33564

Table 5.5: General Information


Name of Districts 2

Name of Upazila 3



Total Gross Area

Total Agriculture Area






Source: HH survey and PRA 2018 Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio



Birail Palita 13552 7066 6486 3296 4.11

Chaulia 15247 7986 7261 3703 4.12

Gangarampur 11451 5947 5504 2778 4.12

Gopalgram 10908 5711 5197 2685 4.06

Habakhali 12466 6456 6010 2928 4.26

Jagdal 19443 10072 9371 4714 4.12



Kuchiamora 24000 12534 11466 5805 4.13

Magura Paurasava 6506 3430 3076 1597 4.07

Maij Para 7221 3842 3379 1697 4.26

Sahabad 2614 1367 1247 622 4.20

Satrujitpur 15209 7910 7299 3739 4.07

Total 138617 72321 66296 33564 4.13






Number Percentage

Upto 17 47130 34.00

18- 45 64055 46.21

46-60 18897 13.63

61 and above 8535 6.16

Total 138617 100.00




1 Birail Palita 3296 3119 177

2 Chaulia 3703 3455 248

3 Gangarampur 2778 2587 191

4 Gopalgram 2685 2574 111

5 Habakhali 2928 2730 198

6 Jagdal 4714 4361 353

7 Kuchiamora 5805 5475 330

8 Magura Paurasava 1597 1487 110

9 Maij Para 1697 1605 92

10 Sahabad 622 542 80

11 Satrujitpur 3739 3510 229

Total 33564 31445 2119



Number Percent (%)

Business 3073 9.16

Farmer 10882 32.42

Fishermen 221 0.66


Housewife 2020 6.02

Others 14683 43.75

Service 2631 7.84

Total 33564 100.00

Sources: HH survey, 2018 Table 5.5 Income Group of Area


0-13000 22948 68.37

13001-15000 3440 10.25

15001-20000 3525 10.50

20001-25000 1266 3.77

>25000 2385 7.11

Total 33564 100.00




Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership at




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 3519 10.48


Large Farmer (> 501) 559 1.67

Total 33564 100.00

Table-5.7: Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 33995 26.81 31267 24.66 65262 51.48




Total Literate 59257 46.74 52188 41.16 111445 87.90


Total 66323 52.31 60460 47.69 126783 100.00

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 Table –5.8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH

Name of Union Pucca/Concrit Ringslub Kaccha/Unhygenic Total Number

Percent (RoW)

Number

Percent (RoW)

Number

Percent (RoW)

Number

Percent (RoW)

Birail Palita 737 2.20 2191 6.53 368 1.10 3296 9.82

Chaulia 859 2.56 2789 8.31 55 0.16 3703 11.03

Gangarampur 566 1.69 1961 5.84 251 0.75 2778 8.28

Gopalgram 359 1.07 2195 6.54 131 0.39 2685 8.00

Habakhali 502 1.50 1908 5.68 518 1.54 2928 8.72

Jagdal 1133 3.38 3246 9.67 335 1.00 4714 14.04

Kuchiamora 909 2.71 4553 13.57 343 1.02 5805 17.30

Magura Paurasava

511 1.52 956 2.85 130 0.39 1597 4.76

Maij Para 467 1.39 966 2.88 264 0.79 1697 5.06

Sahabad 66 0.20 516 1.54 40 0.12 622 1.85

Satrujitpur 782 2.33 2689 8.01 268 0.80 3739 11.14

Total 6891 20.53 23970 71.42 2703 8.05 33564 100

Table– 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union Land Type of the Surveyed HH



Birail Palita 196,787 10.20 38,173 10.49 5,481 34.35 8,409 9.48 248,850 10.38

Chaulia 107,710 5.58 32,271 8.87 381 2.39 11,150 12.57 151,512 6.32

Gangarampur 180,835 9.37 42,521 11.69 1,460 9.15 9,319 10.51 234,135 9.76

Gopalgram 151,622 7.86 24,915 6.85 399 2.50 4,887 5.51 181,823 7.58

Habakhali 171,689 8.90 40,913 11.25 2,845 17.83 4,725 5.33 220,172 9.18

Jagdal 260,477 13.50 50,222 13.81 1,626 10.19 15,017 16.94 327,341 13.65

Kuchiamora 453,761 23.51 57,028 15.68 1,150 7.21 14,292 16.12 526,231 21.94

Magura Paurasava 43,678 2.26 10,142 2.79 90 0.56 4,955 5.59 58,865 2.45

Maij Para 154,113 7.98 23,210 6.38 1,237 7.75 7,462 8.42 186,022 7.76

Sahabad 35,215 1.82 7,876 2.17 256 1.60 761 0.86 44,108 1.84

Satrujitpur 174,187 9.02 36,477 10.03 1,032 6.47 7,697 8.68 219,393 9.15

Total 1,930,074 100.00 363,747 100.00 15,957 100.00 88,674 100.00 2,398,451 100.00

Source: Households Survey,2018






Homestead 363,747 15.17



Total 2,398,451 100.00

Source: Households Survey,2018 Table: 5.11 Housing Status



CI sheet 29770 88.70


Others 197 0.59

Total 33564 100.00

Table: 5.12 Marital Status


Married 31432 93.65

Unmarried 345 1.03

Widow 1303 3.88

Widower 168 0.50

Divorced 110 0.33

Separate 206 0.61

Table 33564 100.00



Yes 21854 65.11

No 11710 34.89

Total 33564 100.00



<Tk.6000 3939 11.74

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 17917 53.38

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 6071 18.09

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 2234 6.66

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 1211 3.61

>Tk.28001 2192 6.53

Total 33564 100.00



<Tk.6000 5531 16.48

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 20204 60.20

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 5114 15.24

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1547 4.61

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 534 1.59

>Tk.28001 634 1.89

Total 33564 100.00



Table: 5.17 Whether Cooperative Members Whether Cooperative Members Number Percent

Yes 113 0.34

No 33451 99.66

Total 33564 100.00

Table: 5.18 NGO Members Whether NGO Members Number Percent

Yes 8335 24.83

No 25229 75.17

Total 33564 100.00




Fisheries 1144 7.10


Business 1042 6.47

Others 586 3.64

Total 16103 100.00

Table: 5.20 Type of Training Received from any Organization Type of Training Number Percent


Fisheries 160 19.05


Financial 24 2.86

Others 342 40.71

Total 840 100.00

Table: 5.21 Type of Latrine Type of Latrine Number Percent

Pucca 6891 20.53

Ring slub 23970 71.42

Kaccha 2703 8.05

Total 33564 100.00

Table--: 5.22 Sources of Drinking Water Sources of Drinking Water Number Percent

Tube well 33405 99.53

Ponds 159 0.47

Total 33564 100.00

5.23 Whether water quality tested Whether Tubewell water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Yes 25372 75.59

No 8192 24.41

Total 33564 100.00



APPENDIX- 2.4Beel Sukunia Sub-Project Table 1: List of Villages

Sl. No.


1 Bakhunda Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 499

2 Deowra Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 110

3 Dhuldi Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 89

4 Kafura Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 258

5 Mamudpur Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 287

6 Nikhurdi Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 434

7 Pasra Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 519

8 Raghuapara Greda Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 250

9 Akain Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 424

10 Akhpara Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 31

11 Alalpur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 165

12 Bangdoba Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 139

13 Bangram Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 31

14 Beelnaliya (West) Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 308

15 Betbaria Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 355

16 Char Mangolkot Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 502

17 Domrakandi Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 701

18 Doshazar Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 254

19 Goalkandi Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 302

20 Goradaho Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 447

21 Harukandi Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 571

22 Hasra Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 75

23 Ichail Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 299

24 Kabirpur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 437

25 Kachnail Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 96

26 Kalarayer Kaijuri Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 272

27 Kawlipara Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 50

28 Kujurdia Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 327

29 Laskarkandi Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 106

30 Mongalkot Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 173

31 Muraridaho Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 734

32 Pearpur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 18

33 Protappur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 48

34 Sachia Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 206

35 Samospur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 287

36 Sreedharpur Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 63

37 Tambulkhana Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 580



Sl. No.


38 Tulagram Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 676

39 Vatpara Kaijuri Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 704

40 Basunorsinghdia Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 727

41 Fushara Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 572

42 Ghatakura Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 39

43 Haludbaria Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 116

44 Jaterkandi Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 85

45 Kasimabad Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 403

46 Malanga Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 367

47 Mreegi Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 603

48 Pakurpara Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 64

49 Rashiknagar Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 160

50 Ronkail Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 579

51 Saiberia Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 210

52 Sholakunda Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 501

53 Sreefoltoli Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 192

54 Tatulia Kanaipur Faridpur Sadar Faridpur 83

55 Beelnaliya Mirdhadangi

Talma Nagarkanda Faridpur 381

56 Goalpara Atghar Saltha Faridpur 480

57 Khagoir Atghar Saltha Faridpur 103

58 Khoyar Gram Atghar Saltha Faridpur 214

59 Shenhati Atghar Saltha Faridpur 126

60 Sholia Atghar Saltha Faridpur 55

61 Aruakandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 321

62 Augoildia Gatti Saltha Faridpur 133

63 Bagbari Gatti Saltha Faridpur 90

64 Baghat Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 65

65 Balia Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 454

66 Basuarkandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 27

67 Chandropara Gatti Saltha Faridpur 73

68 Dariakandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 80

69 Diapara Gatti Saltha Faridpur 137

70 Dohar Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 213

71 Haturia Gatti Saltha Faridpur 32

72 Jhunakhali Gatti Saltha Faridpur 169

73 Joyjap Gatti Saltha Faridpur 392

74 Kanair Gatti Saltha Faridpur 230

75 Katiyar Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 166

76 Kawlikandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 194

77 Khrdofokra Gatti Saltha Faridpur 56



Sl. No.


78 Kosba Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 85

79 Lahorpara Gatti Saltha Faridpur 53

80 Mirer Gatti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 157

81 Morhat Gatti Saltha Faridpur 220

82 Naranpur Gatti Saltha Faridpur 79

83 Noyakandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 62

84 Patpasa Gotti Gatti Saltha Faridpur 365

85 Raguyerkandi Gatti Saltha Faridpur 107

86 Rahutpara Gatti Saltha Faridpur 180

87 Singhprotap Gatti Saltha Faridpur 746

88 Tegatia Gatti Saltha Faridpur 87

89 Vabukdia Gatti Saltha Faridpur 860

Total 23720

Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio Name of Union Total Population Population HHs Size


Atghar 4334 2305 2029 978 4.43

Gatti 25081 13319 11762 5833 4.30

Greda 10372 5386 4986 2446 4.24

Kaijuri 39784 20703 19081 9381 4.24

Kanaipur 19915 10306 9609 4701 4.24

Talma 1497 780 717 381 3.93

Total 100983 52799 48184 23720 4.26



Number Percentage

Upto 17 34279 33.95

18- 45 48531 48.06

46-60 12851 12.73

61 and above 5322 5.27

100983 100.00


Name of Union Total Households Male Headed Female Headed

Atghar 978 941 37

Gatti 5833 5601 232

Greda 2446 2343 103

Kaijuri 9381 8887 494

Kanaipur 4701 4500 201

Talma 381 364 17

Total 23720 22636 1084





Business 2982 12.57

Farmer 6864 28.94

Housewife 883 3.72

Others 10220 43.09

Service 2771 11.68

Total 23720 100.00

Table 5.5 Income Group of SIP 1 Area


0-13000 15600 65.77

13001-15000 2171 9.15

15001-20000 2640 11.13

20001-25000 1142 4.81

>25000 2167 9.14

Total 23720 100.00

Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership at WMA-1




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 2525 10.65


Large Farmer (> 501) 396 1.67

Total 23720 100.00

Table- 5.7 : Educational Attainment



Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 18529 19.65 14411 15.28 32940 34.93

Class-VI to IX 9859 10.46 11225 11.90 21084 22.36





Hafez 337 0.36 57 0.06 394 0.42

Total Literate 36739 38.96 31667 33.58 68406 72.54

Sign Only 7595 8.05 8385 8.89 15980 16.95


Total 49268 52.25 45031 47.75 94299 100.00




Name of Union Pucca Kutcha Total Number Percent (RoW) Number Percent (RoW) Number Percent (RoW)

Atghar 920 3.88 58 0.24 978 4.12

Gatti 5098 21.49 735 3.10 5833 24.59

Greda 2261 9.53 185 0.78 2446 10.31

Kaijuri 8033 33.87 1348 5.68 9381 39.55

Kanaipur 3999 16.86 702 2.96 4701 19.82

Talma 309 1.30 72 0.30 381 1.61

Total 20620 86.93 3100 13.07 23720 100.00

Table – 5.9 : Land Type of the surveyed HH

Name of Union



Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Atghar 568 5.54 857 4.11 35 1.32 16 5.14 1 0.47 1477 4.31

Gatti 3149 30.72 5043 24.21 324 12.18 41 13.18 23 10.75 8580 25.04

Greda 751 7.33 2148 10.31 208 7.82 16 5.14 3 1.40 3126 9.12

Kaijuri 3814 37.21 8471 40.67 1758 66.09 184 59.16 149 69.63 14376 41.96

Kanaipur 1778 17.35 3998 19.19 272 10.23 53 17.04 38 17.76 6139 17.92

Talma 189 1.84 312 1.50 63 2.37 1 0.32 0 0.00 565 1.65

Total 10249 100.00 20829 100.00 2660 100.00 311 100.00 214 100.00 34263 100.00

Name of Union




Atghar 79,895 6.38 10,301 3.19 536 1.12 795 7.31 30 0.42 91,557 5.57

Gatti 400,870 31.99 80,323 24.84 6,677 13.94 978 8.99 2,848 40.02 491,695 29.94

Greda 78,930 6.30 34,585 10.70 3,930 8.20 636 5.85 119 1.67 118,199 7.20

Kaijuri 436,349 34.82 127,260 39.36 30,092 62.83 7,033 64.65 3,031 42.59 603,765 36.76

Kanaipur 238,953 19.07 65,932 20.39 6,146 12.83 1,434 13.18 1,089 15.30 313,553 19.09

Talma 18,124 1.45 4,948 1.53 518 1.08 3 0.03 - 0.00 23,593 1.44




Homestead 323,348 19.69



Wet Land 7,117 0.43

Total 1,642,362 100.00





Married 23222 97.90

Unmarried 498 2.10

Table 23720 100



Yes 15034 63.38

No 8686 36.62

Total 23720 100



<Tk.6000 3087 13.01

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 11947 50.37

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 4069 17.15

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1854 7.82

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 943 3.98

>Tk.28001 1820 7.67

Total 23720 100



<Tk.6000 3995 16.84

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 12588 53.07

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 3918 16.52

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1564 6.59

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 728 3.07

>Tk.28001 927 3.91

Total 23720 100



Number Percent

Yes 122 0.51

No 23598 99.49

Total 23720 100



Yes 3943 16.62

No 19777 83.38

Total 23720 100






Business 15 0.46

Fisheries 22 0.68


Others 0 0.00

Total 3251 100



Pucca 20620 86.93

Kaccha 3100 13.07

Total 23720 100




Ponds 1313 5.54

Total 23720 100

Table- 5.23 Whether water quality tested


Number Percent

Yes 11762 49.59

No 11958 50.41

Total 23720 100



APPENDIX- 2.5Chatler Fakurhat subproject

Table 1: List of Villages

Sl. No.

List of Villages Union Upazila District Number of HHS

1. Maligram Chandra Bhanga Faridpur 262

2. Pachkul Chandra Bhanga Faridpur 252

3. Bamankanda Gharua Bhanga Faridpur 134

4. Gojaria Hamirdi Bhanga Faridpur 336

5. Hamirdi Hamirdi Bhanga Faridpur 597

6. Madhobpur Hamirdi Bhanga Faridpur 131

7. Bishurikanda Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 129

8. Brammondi Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 152

9. Charavita Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 63

10. Goyalbera Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 79

11. Jhangalkanda Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 156

12. Jhumurkanda Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 109

13. Kamarkanda Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 168

14. Kawlibera Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 195

15. Khattra Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 645

16. Maizail Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 251

17. Mottra Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 316

18. Nichintopur Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 225

19. Pararan Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 518

20. Pollibera Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 151

21. Pranpur Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 244

22. Putiya Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 118

23. Shekhpura Kawlibera Bhanga Faridpur 272

24. Beelvora Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 293

25. Brammonkanda Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 286

26. Khakanda Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 332

27. Manikdaha Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 452

28. Najirpur Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 311

29. Rajapur Manikdaha Bhanga Faridpur 283

30. Abdullabad Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 73

31. Alekharkanda Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 221

32. Baliahati Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 348

33. Boropalla Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 112

34. Char Duyair Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 42

35. Charpalla Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 20



Sl. No.


36. Chotopalla Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 144

37. Dhuppasa Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 153

38. Duyair Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 246

39. Koshadanga Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 183

40. Maulvidangi Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 78

41. Shikdarkanda Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 143

42. Vadrokanda Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 207

43. Akonbari Nasirabad Bhanga Faridpur 396

44. Bakpura Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 570

45. Barra Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 455

46. Beel Dubadanga Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 74

47. Dharmadi Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 565

48. Fukurhati Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 479

49. Gangabardi Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 203

50. Habeli Gangabardi Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 120

51. Hauli Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 154

52. Horupdia Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 142

53. Mathgangabardi Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 54

54. Mollahkanda Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 82

55. Nurullaganj Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 250

56. Phulmallik Nurullaganj Bhanga Faridpur 153

57. Charaldia Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 308

58. Jandi Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 836

59. Jandi-Digirpar Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 62

60. Kapurpur Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 237

61. Soruibari Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 455

62. Tujarpur Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 1003

63. Uchabari Tuzarpur Bhanga Faridpur 185

64. Chandrapara Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 370

65. Chardubail Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 691

66. Kacharidangi Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 263

67. Harinna Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 252

68. Kacharidangi Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 135

69. Khalashidangi Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 88

70. Thakur Char Dheukhali Sadarpur Faridpur 39

71. Mukut Char Krishnapur Sadarpur Faridpur 213



Sl. No.


72. Arairasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 167

73. Atrasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 351

74. Bayesrasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 327

75. Chaddarasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 247

76. Char Brammandi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 606

77. Charrasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 147

78. Doshazar Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 417

79. Nayrasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 250

80. Purbo Shyampur Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 648

81. Sarasatrasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 359

82. Saterorasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 751

83. Strasi Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 355

84. West Shyampur Sadarpur Sadarpur Faridpur 522

Total: 23410



Number/quantity

Remarks

Name of Districts 1

Name of Upazila 2


11


Total Gross Area


Total Households

Total Population

Households Size



Source: HH survey and PRA 2017



Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of Subproject Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio



Chandra 2079 1146 933 514 4.04

Dheukhali 7968 4214 3754 1838 4.34

Gharua 523 280 243 134 3.90

Hamirdi 4395 2323 2072 1064 4.13

Kawlibera 15777 8354 7423 3791 4.16

Krishnapur 802 437 365 213 3.77

Manikdaha 7655 4033 3622 1957 3.91

Nasirabad 8397 4458 3939 1970 4.26

Nurullaganj 15051 7990 7061 3697 4.07

Sadarpur 20994 11082 9912 5147 4.08

Tuzarpur 13577 7243 6334 3085 4.40

Total 97218 51560 45658 23410 4.15




Number Percentage

Upto 17 32863 33.80

18- 45 45759 47.07

46-60 12954 13.32

61 and above 5642 5.80

97218 100.00


Table 5.3: Male and Female Headed Household Sl. No Name of Union Total Households Male Headed Female Headed

1 Chandra 514 500 14

2 Dheukhali 1838 1773 65

3 Gharua 134 127 7

4 Hamirdi 1064 1023 41

5 Kawlibera 3791 3616 175

6 Krishnapur 213 203 10

7 Manikdaha 1957 1852 105

8 Nasirabad 1970 1918 52

9 Nurullaganj 3697 3480 217

10 Sadarpur 5147 4870 277

11 Tuzarpur 3085 2913 172

Total 23410 22275 1135



Table -5.4: Occupational Structure of the H/H Head


Business 4575 19.54

Farmer 4943 21.11

Housewife 1009 4.31

Others 9148 39.08

Service 3735 15.95

Total 23410 100.00

Sources: HH survey, 2017 Table 5.5: Income Group


0-13000 13173 56.27

13001-15000 2222 9.49

15001-20000 2831 12.09

20001-25000 1472 6.29

>25000 3712 15.86

Total 23410 100.00

Sources: HH survey, 2017 Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership at WMA-1




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 2082 8.89


Large Farmer (> 501) 323 1.38

Total 23410 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 14426 16.04 11584 12.88 26010 28.92

Class-VI to IX 9850 10.95 10191 11.33 20041 22.28





Hafez 148 0.16 35 0.04 183 0.20

Total Literate 33036 36.73 27792 30.90 60828 67.63

Sign Only 9066 10.08 8636 9.60 17702 19.68


Total 47766 53.11 42173 46.89 89939 100.00






Chandra 480 2.05 34 0.15 514 2.20

Dheukhali 1816 7.76 22 0.09 1838 7.85

Gharua 103 0.44 31 0.13 134 0.57

Hamirdi 995 4.25 69 0.29 1064 4.55

Kawlibera 3410 14.57 381 1.63 3791 16.19

Krishnapur 177 0.76 36 0.15 213 0.91

Manikdaha 1582 6.76 375 1.60 1957 8.36

Nasirabad 1920 8.20 50 0.21 1970 8.42

Nurullaganj 3286 14.04 411 1.76 3697 15.79

Sadarpur 4984 21.29 163 0.70 5147 21.99

Tuzarpur 2588 11.06 497 2.12 3085 13.18

Total 21341 91.16 2069 8.84 23410 100.00



Table – 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH

Name of Union




Chandra 223 2.54 495 2.30 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 718 2.21

Dheukhali 674 7.68 1768 8.22 127 6.76 32 13.22 20 18.35 2621 8.06

Gharua 77 0.88 115 0.53 2 0.11 0 0.00 0 0.00 194 0.60

Hamirdi 407 4.64 948 4.41 120 6.39 2 0.83 0 0.00 1477 4.54

Kawlibera 1675 19.08 3488 16.22 370 19.69 37 15.29 28 25.69 5598 17.22

Krishnapur 102 1.16 179 0.83 5 0.27 0 0.00 0 0.00 286 0.88

Manikdaha 705 8.03 1783 8.29 160 8.52 22 9.09 6 5.50 2676 8.23

Nasirabad 728 8.29 1809 8.41 55 2.93 2 0.83 3 2.75 2597 7.99

Nurullaganj 1279 14.57 3439 15.99 413 21.98 60 24.79 6 5.50 5197 15.98

Sadarpur 1491 16.99 4748 22.07 125 6.65 20 8.26 11 10.09 6395 19.67

Tuzarpur 1417 16.14 2737 12.72 502 26.72 67 27.69 35 32.11 4758 14.63

Total 8778 100.00 21509 100.00 1879 100.00 242 100.00 109 100.00 32517 100.00



Name of Union




Chandra 38,486 3.69 5,834 1.63 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 44,320 3.07

Dheukhali 86,396 8.29 38,421 10.71 2,702 8.94 1,425 14.32 703 26.34 129,647 8.98

Gharua 7,598 0.73 1,154 0.32 92 0.30 - 0.00 - 0.00 8,844 0.61

Hamirdi 35,720 3.43 10,921 3.04 1,013 3.35 67 0.67 - 0.00 47,721 3.31

Kawlibera 207,802 19.95 60,464 16.86 4,751 15.72 835 8.39 189 7.08 274,040 18.99

Krishnapur 14,649 1.41 3,993 1.11 418 1.38 - 0.00 - 0.00 19,060 1.32

Manikdaha 80,287 7.71 31,236 8.71 3,293 10.90 410 4.12 24 0.90 115,250 7.98

Nasirabad 89,092 8.55 29,435 8.21 818 2.71 25 0.25 63 2.36 119,433 8.27

Nurullaganj 146,488 14.06 60,788 16.95 4,749 15.71 1,974 19.83 20 0.75 214,019 14.83

Sadarpur 171,965 16.51 78,597 21.91 2,906 9.61 1,364 13.70 874 32.75 255,706 17.72

Tuzarpur 163,365 15.68 37,825 10.55 9,482 31.37 3,853 38.71 796 29.82 215,321 14.92

Total 1,041,847 100.00 358,668 100.00 30,224 100.00 9,953 100.00 2,669 100.00 1,443,361 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2017 Table 5.10: Land Type of Surveyed H.H



Homestead 358,668 24.85



Wet Land 2,669 0.18

Total 1,443,361 100.00

Source: Households Survey,2017





Married 22797 97.38

Unmarried 613 2.62

Table 23410 100



Yes 12698 54.24

No 10712 45.76

Total 23410 100



<Tk.6000 3004 12.83

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 9694 41.41

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 4118 17.59

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1970 8.42

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 1246 5.32

>Tk.28001 3378 14.43

Total 23410 100



<Tk.6000 3927 16.77

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 10967 46.85

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 4114 17.57

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1856 7.93

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 1053 4.50

>Tk.28001 1493 6.38

Total 23410 100


Whether Cooperative Members Number Percent

Yes 60 0.26

No 23350 99.74

Total 23410 100



Yes 799 3.41

No 22611 96.59

Total 23410 100




Business 8 0.36

Fisheries 6 0.27


Others 0 0.00

Total 2235 100





Pucca 21341 91.16

Kaccha 2069 8.84

Total 23410 100




Ponds 140 0.60

Total 23410 100



Number Percent

Yes 17753 75.84

No 5657 24.16

Total 23410 100



APPENDIX- 2.6Daduria –KandorBeel Sub Project Table 1: List of Villages in WMA-03

Sl. No.

List of Villages

Union Upazila District Number of HHs

1 Baikhir Chatul Boalmari Faridpur 335

2 Chatul Chatul Boalmari Faridpur 748

3 Dulpukuria Chatul Boalmari Faridpur 144

4 Nandonpur Chatul Boalmari Faridpur 30

5 Powail Chatul Boalmari Faridpur 637

6 Bajitpur Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 175

7 Char Shekhor Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 161

8 Durgapur Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 619

9 Raybor Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 42

10 Shoilkhadia Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 24

11 Teljuri Shekhar Boalmari Faridpur 728

Total 3643




CHATUL 7906 4137 3769 1894 4.17

SHEKHAR 7214 3754 3460 1749 4.12

Total 15120 7891 7229 3643 4.15



Number Percentage

Upto 17 5660 37.43

18- 45 6995 46.26

46-60 1708 11.30

61 and above 757 5.01

15120 100.00



1. CHATUL 1894 1813 81

2. SHEKHAR 1749 1626 123

Total 3643 3439 204





Business 467 12.82

Farmer 1502 41.23

Housewife 181 4.97

Others 881 24.18

Service 612 16.80

Total 3643 100.00

Table 5.5 Income Group of SIP-3 Area


0-13000 2494 68.46

13001-15000 278 7.63

15001-20000 359 9.85

20001-25000 175 4.80

>25000 337 9.25

Total 3643 100.00







Large Farmer (> 501) 57 1.56

Total 3643 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 2210 16.06 1960 14.25 4170 30.31

Class-VI to IX 1188 8.63 1522 11.06 2710 19.70





Hafez 16 0.12 1 0.01 17 0.12

Total Literate 5068 36.84 4548 33.06 9616 69.89

Sign Only 1172 8.52 987 7.17 2159 15.69


Total 7217 52.46 6541 47.54 13758 100.00





CHATUL 1701 46.69 193 5.30 1894 51.99

SHEKHAR 1601 43.95 148 4.06 1749 48.01

Total 3302 90.64 341 9.36 3643 100.00

Table – 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH

Name of Union



No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

CHATUL 620 45.39 1605 51.79 43 61.43 96 44.44 46 58.23 2410 49.90

SHEKHAR 746 54.61 1494 48.21 27 38.57 120 55.56 33 41.77 2420 50.10

Total 1366 100 3099 100 70 100 216 100 79 100 4830 100

Name of Union




CHATUL 75,916 42.88 23,873 48.88 500 54.29 1,521 32.37 1,815 63.68 103,625 44.22

SHEKHAR 101,123 57.12 24,965 51.12 421 45.71 3,179 67.63 1,035 36.32 130,722 55.78

Total 177,039 100 48,838 100 921 100 4,700 100 2,850 100 234,347 100





Pond/water body 921 0.39


Wet Land 2,850 1.22

Total 234,347 100.00



Married 3586 98.44

Unmarried 57 1.56

Table 3643 100



Yes 2409 66.13

No 1234 33.87

Total 3643 100





<Tk.6000 718 19.71

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1691 46.42

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 521 14.30

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 289 7.93

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 135 3.71

>Tk.28001 289 7.93

Total 3643 100



<Tk.6000 908 24.92

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1752 48.09

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 510 14.00

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 221 6.07

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 88 2.42

>Tk.28001 164 4.50

Total 3643 100



Number Percent

Yes 16 0.44

No 3627 99.56

Total 3643 100



Yes 1268 34.81

No 2375 65.19

Total 3643 100




Business 60 22.73

Fisheries 10 3.79

Livestock 5 1.89

Others 0 0.00

Total 264 100



Pucca 3302 90.64

Kaccha 341 9.36

Total 3643 100





Tubewell 3629 99.62

Ponds 14 0.38

Total 3643 100



Number Percent

Yes 2152 59.07

No 1491 40.93

Total 3643 100



APPENDIX- 2.7 Kalidaskhali-Arpara Table 1: List of Villages in subproject

Sl. No.


1 Anandanagar Arpara Shalikha Magura 147

2 Arpara Arpara Shalikha Magura 661

3 Boraichara Arpara Shalikha Magura 475

4 Darisalai Arpara Shalikha Magura 364

5 Dhawasima Arpara Shalikha Magura 118

6 Dighi Arpara Shalikha Magura 550

7 Fulbari Arpara Shalikha Magura 194

8 Gopalgram Arpara Shalikha Magura 329

9 Junari Arpara Shalikha Magura 555

10 Kumerkot Arpara Shalikha Magura 363

11 Pakuria Arpara Shalikha Magura 321

12 Poragachi Arpara Shalikha Magura 202

13 Ramkantapur Arpara Shalikha Magura 132

14 Bakolbaria Bunagati Shalikha Magura 207

15 Bawlia Bunagati Shalikha Magura 450

16 Bunagati Bunagati Shalikha Magura 459

17 Chabri Bunagati Shalikha Magura 257

18 Hatbaria Bunagati Shalikha Magura 489

19 Nalia Bunagati Shalikha Magura 203

20 Narapati Bunagati Shalikha Magura 190

21 Rampur Bunagati Shalikha Magura 493

22 Anandagar Shalikha Shalikha Magura 195

23 Aruakandi Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 300

24 Bagdanga Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 239

25 Baikhola Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 100

26 Boyra Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 282

27 Chaygharia Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 644

28 Dewbhanga Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 469

29 Harishpur Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1035

30 Katoli Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1007

31 Panchgachnia Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 470

32 Shatakhali Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1736

33 Simakhali Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 244

Total 13880


Name of Union Total Population Population

HHs Size Male Female No of HHs

Arpara 17278 9110 8168 4411 3.92

Bunagati 11132 5882 5250 2748 4.05

Shalikha 731 378 353 195 3.75

Shatakhali 25199 13430 11769 6526 3.86

Total 54340 28800 25540 13880 3.91





Number Percentage

Upto 17 16531 30.42

18- 45 26137 48.10

46-60 7944 14.62

61 and above 3728 6.86

54340 100.00



1 Arpara 4411 4242 169

2 Bunagati 2748 2671 77

3 Shalikha 195 189 6

4 Shatakhali 6526 6312 214

Total 13880 13414 466



Business 1814 13.07

Farmer 4501 32.43

Housewife 413 2.98

Others 5608 40.40

Service 1544 11.12

Total 13880 100.00

Table 5.5 Income Group of SIP 1 Area


0-13000 8987 64.75

13001-15000 1083 7.80

15001-20000 1407 10.14

20001-25000 716 5.16

>25000 1687 12.15

Total 13880 100.00







Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 1829 13.18


Large Farmer (> 501) 298 2.15

Total 13880 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 7767 15.33 6357 12.54 14124 27.87

Class-VI to IX 5828 11.50 6268 12.37 12096 23.87





Hafez 161 0.32 36 0.07 197 0.39

Total Literate 20383 40.22 16866 33.28 37249 73.50

Sign Only 4579 9.04 4544 8.97 9123 18.00


Total 26882 53.04 23796 46.96 50678 100.00



Arpara 4208 30.32 203 1.46 4411 31.78

Bunagati 2729 19.66 19 0.14 2748 19.80

Shalikha 195 1.40 0 0.00 195 1.40

Shatakhali 6189 44.59 337 2.43 6526 47.02

Total 13321 95.97 559 4.03 13880 100.00



Table – 5.9 : Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union



Number

Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Arpara 2300 31.88 3771 31.11 101 29.97 122 48.03 14 24.14 6308 31.56

Bunagati 1783 24.72 2447 20.19 140 41.54 49 19.29 6 10.34 4425 22.14

Shalikha 76 1.05 167 1.38 2 0.59 2 0.79 0 0.00 247 1.24

Shatakhali 3055 42.35 5737 47.33 94 27.89 81 31.89 38 65.52 9005 45.06

Total 7214 100.00 12122 100.00 337 100.00 254 100.00 58 100.00 19985 100.00

Name of Union




Arpara 310,762 31.26 73,055 31.30 1,749 24.91 1,349 22.91 94 4.70 387,009 31.15

Bunagati 301,865 30.36 44,993 19.28 2,562 36.49 2,230 37.87 365 18.27 352,015 28.33

Shalikha 14,187 1.43 2,926 1.25 47 0.67 500 8.49 - 0.00 17,660 1.42

Shatakhali 367,443 36.96 112,408 48.16 2,663 37.93 1,809 30.72 1,539 77.03 485,862 39.10

Total 994,257 100.00 233,382 100.00 7,021 100.00 5,888 100.00 1,998 100.00 1,242,546 100.00




Homestead 233,382 18.78



Wet Land 1,998 0.16

Total 1,242,546 100.00



Married 13664 98.44

Unmarried 216 1.56

Table 13880 100



Yes 8650 62.32

No 5230 37.68

Total 13880 100





<Tk.6000 1759 12.67

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 6891 49.65

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 2073 14.94

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1061 7.64

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 676 4.87

>Tk.28001 1420 10.23

Total 13880 100



<Tk.6000 2205 15.89

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 7306 52.64

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 2200 15.85

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 948 6.83

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 465 3.35

>Tk.28001 756 5.45

Total 13880 100



Yes 17 0.12

No 13863 99.88

Total 13880 100



Yes 2339 16.85

No 11541 83.15

Total 13880 100




Business 16 0.31

Fisheries 3 0.06


Others 0 0.00

Total 5200 100



Pucca 13321 95.97

Kaccha 559 4.03

Total 13880 100






Ponds 473 3.41

Total 13880 100



Number Percent

Yes 8900 64.12

No 4980 35.88

Total 13880 100



APPENDIX- 2.8Purulia Charbhatpara Table – 4.1 List of Villages

Sl. No.


1 Bhut Pasha Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 335

2 Borashur Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 1058

3 Dhalasree Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 26

4 Janglemukondopur Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 249

5 Pingolia Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 579

6 Pona Kashiani Kashiani Gopalganj 1011

7 Bhadulia Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 167

8 Chapta Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 430

9 Char Chapta Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 232

10 Char Vhatpara Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 29

11 Dhankora Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 194

12 Khalishakhali Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 37

13 Middle Chapta Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 85

14 Modhya Char Vatpara Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 132

15 North Chapta Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 80

16 North Char Vhatpara Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 259

17 North Dhankora Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 74

18 North Purulia Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 19

19 Parkarfa Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 338

20 Patohorghata Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 87

21 Purulia Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 32

22 Ratoil Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 525

23 Shankar Pasa Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 399

24 South Char Vatpara Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 282

25 South Dhankora Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 251

26 South Purulia Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 30

27 West Ratoil Ratail Kashiani Gopalganj 568

28 Bain Para Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 98

29 Horidaspur Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 342

30 Kusumdiya Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 375

31 Mohanag Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 403

32 Noravadulia Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 160

33 Sajail Sajail Kashiani Gopalganj 210

Total 9096





Number/quantity

Remarks

Name of Districts 1

Name of Upazila 1


3


Total Gross Area







Source: HH survey and PRA 2018 Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio



Kashiani 14402 7332 7070 3258 4.42

Ratail 19287 9868 9419 4250 4.54

Sajail 7018 3612 3406 1588 4.42

Total 40707 20812 19895 9096 4.48

Source: HHs Survey, 2018, SAIWRPMP, BWDB Table 5 2: Age groups of population


Number Percentage

Upto 17 13897 34.14

18- 45 19052 46.80

46-60 5057 12.42

61 and above 2701 6.64

Total 40707 100.00




1. Kashiani 3258 3015 243

2. Ratail 4250 3923 327

3. Sajail 1588 1483 105

Total 9096 8421 675





Business 1316 14.47

Farmer 1908 20.98

Fishermen 64 0.70


Housewife 630 6.93

Others 3247 35.70

Service 1911 21.01

Total 9096 100.00



0-13000 4971 54.65

13001-15000 1294 14.23

15001-20000 1285 14.13

20001-25000 488 5.36

>25000 1058 11.63

Total 9096 100.00

Sources: HH survey, 2018 Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership






Large Farmer (> 501) 139 1.53

Total 9096 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 8537 22.80 8726 23.30 17263 46.10




Total Literate 17344 46.31 16076 42.93 33420 89.24


Total 19143 51.12 18305 48.88 37448 100.00




Table –5.8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH

Name of Union

Pucca/Concrit Ringslub Kaccha/Unhygenic Total Number

Percent (RoW) Number Percent

(RoW) Number Percent


(RoW)

Kashiani 585 6.43 2609 28.68 64 0.70 3258 35.82

Ratail 655 7.20 3385 37.21 210 2.31 4250 46.72

Sajail 265 2.91 1285 14.13 38 0.42 1588 17.46

Total 1505 16.55 7279 80.02 312 3.43 9096 100.00

Table– 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH

Name of Union




Kashiani 114,535 27.93 41,372 35.27 4,282 35.78 4,197 25.49 164,386 29.58

Ratail 189,540 46.22 59,665 50.87 7,503 62.69 8,109 49.25 264,816 47.65

Sajail 105,999 25.85 16,252 13.86 183 1.53 4,158 25.26 126,592 22.78

Total 410,074 100.00 117,289 100.00 11,968 100.00 16,464 100.00 555,794 100.00





Homestead 117,289 21.10



Total 555,794 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table: 5.11 Housing Status



CI sheet 7413 81.50


Others 33 0.36

Total 9096 100.00

Table: 5.12 Marital Status


Married 8293 91.17

Unmarried 160 1.76

Widow 494 5.43

Widower 64 0.70

Divorced 28 0.31

Separate 57 0.63

Table 9096 100.00





Yes 4450 48.92

No 4646 51.08

Total 9096 100.00



<Tk.6000 733 8.06

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 3717 40.86

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 2321 25.52

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 888 9.76

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 430 4.73

>Tk.28001 1007 11.07

Total 9096 100.00



<Tk.6000 987 10.85

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 4827 53.07

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 1864 20.49

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 690 7.59

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 281 3.09

>Tk.28001 447 4.91

Total 9096 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 193 2.12

No 8903 97.88

Total 9096 100.00



Yes 2598 28.56

No 6498 71.44

Total 9096 100.00




Fisheries 68 3.71

Livestock 677 36.95

Business 186 10.15

Others 377 20.58

Total 1832 100.00



Table: 5.20 Type of Training Received from any Organization



Fisheries 17 23.29


Financial 7 9.59

Others 21 28.77

Total 73 100.00



Pucca 1505 16.55

Ring slub 7279 80.02

Kaccha 312 3.43

Total 9096 100.00



Tube well 9079 99.81

Ponds 17 0.19

Total 9096 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 6986 76.80

No 2110 23.20

Total 9096 100.00



APPENDIX- 2.9Sathla-Bagda Sub-Project Table –4. Lists of Villages

Sl. No. No. of Village No. of Union

Name of Union

Upazila District Number of HHs

1 4 1 Bandhabari Kotalipara Gopalganj 180

2 10 1 Kandi Kotalipara Gopalganj 273

3 14 1 Kushla Kotalipara Gopalganj 318

4 11 1 Radhaganj Kotalipara Gopalganj 370

5 8 1 Ramshil Kotalipara Gopalganj 302

6 7 1 Sadullapur Kotalipara Gopalganj 570

7 7 1 Kolabari Kotalipara Gopalgonj 257

8 10 1 Satpar Kotalipara Gopalgonj 303

Total 71 8 2573



Name of Districts 1

Name of Upazila 1



Total Gross Area








Name of Union

Total Population Population HHs Size


Bandhabari 857 452 405 180 4.76

Kalabari 1178 598 580 257 4.58

Kandi 1321 683 638 273 4.84

Kushla 1648 865 783 318 5.18

Radhaganj 1732 921 811 370 4.68

Ramshil 1261 648 613 302 4.18

Sadullapur 2744 1441 1303 570 4.81

Satpar 1367 708 659 303 4.51

Total 12108 6316 5792 2573 4.71



Number Percentage

Upto 17 4255 35.14

18- 45 5348 44.17

46-60 1680 13.88

61 and above 825 6.81

12108 100.00




Sl. No Name of Union Total Households


1 Bandhabari 180 162 18

2 Kalabari 257 247 10

3 Kandi 273 266 7

4 Kushla 318 302 16

5 Radhaganj 370 341 29

6 Ramshil 302 294 8

7 Sadullapur 570 544 26

8 Satpar 303 292 11

Total 2573 2448 125



Business 320 12.44

Farmer 855 33.23

Fishermen 35 1.36


Housewife 77 2.99

Others 1073 41.70

Service 178 6.92

Total 2573 100.00

Table 5. - Income Group of Area


0-10000 1411 54.84

10000-13000 339 13.18

13001-15000 279 10.84

15001-20000 275 10.69

20001-25000 89 3.46

>25000 180 7.00

Total 2573 100.00





Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 418 16.25


Large Farmer (> 501) 80 3.11

Total 2573 100.00




Education Status (5 years and above) Literacy Rate (%) Total %

Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 2794 25.26 2690 24.32 5484 49.58




Total Literate 5490 49.63 4943 44.68 10433 94.31


Total 5778 52.23 5284 47.77 11062 100.00

Table 8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH

Name of Union


Percent (RoW)




Bandhabari 36 1.40 141 5.48 3 0.12 180 7.00

Kalabari 28 1.09 221 8.59 8 0.31 257 9.99

Kandi 29 1.13 239 9.29 5 0.19 273 10.61

Kushla 48 1.87 256 9.95 14 0.54 318 12.36

Radhaganj 47 1.83 314 12.20 9 0.35 370 14.38

Ramshil 21 0.82 273 10.61 8 0.31 302 11.74

Sadullapur 10 0.39 558 21.69 2 0.08 570 22.15

Satpar 40 1.55 247 9.60 16 0.62 303 11.78

Total 259 10.07 2249 87.41 65 2.53 2573 100.00





Bandhabari 12,299 4.69 2,321 0.89 - 0.00 1,003 0.38 15,623 5.96

Kalabari 31,406 11.98 2,598 0.99 836 0.32 6,890 2.63 41,730 15.91

Kandi 30,518 11.64 3,051 1.16 1,322 0.50 9,844 3.75 44,735 17.06

Kushla 35,326 13.47 4,030 1.54 275 0.10 6,626 2.53 46,257 17.64

Radhaganj 28,096 10.71 4,054 1.55 26 0.01 5,142 1.96 37,318 14.23

Ramshil 28,789 10.98 3,732 1.42 556 0.21 7,422 2.83 40,499 15.44

Sadullapur 2,453 0.94 239 0.09 - 0.00 131 0.05 2,823 1.08

Satpar 28,325 10.80 3,814 1.45 73 0.03 1,061 0.40 33,273 12.69

Total 197,212 75.20 23,839 9.09 3,088 1.18 38,119 14.53 262,258 100.00






Fish Culture/Water Body 38,119 14.53

Total 262,258 100.00






CI sheet 2532 98.41


Others 0 0.00

Total 2573 100.00



Married 2427 94.33

Unmarried 27 1.05

Widow 84 3.26

Widower 26 1.01

Divorced 3 0.12

Separate 6 0.23

Table 2573 100.00



Yes 1676 65.14

No 897 34.86

Total 2573 100.00



TV 590 22.93

Fridge 71 2.76

None 1559 60.59


Total 2573 100.00



<Tk.6000 137 5.32

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1539

59.81

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 474

18.42

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 170

6.61

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 93

3.61

>Tk.28001 160 6.22

Total 2573 100.00





<Tk.6000 160 6.22

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1681 65.33

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 456 17.72

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 149 5.79

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 68 2.64

>Tk.28001 59 2.29

Total 2573 100.00



Yes 12 0.47

No 2561 99.53

Total 2573 100.00



Yes 628 24.41

No 1945 75.59

Total 2573 100.00




Fisheries 249 19.30

Livestock 385 29.84

Business 75 5.81

Others 44 3.41

Total 1290 100.00




Fisheries 25 32.05


Financial 2 2.56

Others 15 19.23

Total 78 100.00



Pucca 259 10.07

Ringslub 2249 87.41

Kaccha 65 2.53

Total 2573 100.00





Tubewell 2570 99.88

Ponds 3 0.12

Total 2573 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 2094 81.38

No 479 18.62

Total 2573 100.00


252 Socio-Economic Survey Report

APPENDIX- 2.10Tarail-Pachuria Sub-Project Table –4. Lists of Villages

Sl. No. Polder Number

No. of Village

No. of Union

Name of Union


1 Polder-01 9 1 Borasi Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 244

2 Polder-01 8 1 Gobra Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 263

3 Polder-01 5 1 Raghunathpur Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 391

4 Polder-02 7 1 Kajulia Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 263

5 Polder-02 6 1 Kati Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 266

6 Polder-02 12 1 Majhigati Gopalganj Sadar Gopalganj 379

7 Polder-02 11 1 Hiran Kotalipara Gopalganj 394

8 Polder-02 12 1 Pinjuri Kotalipara Gopalganj 333

9 Polder-02 13 1 Gopalpur Tungipara Gopalganj 369

10 Polder-03 12 1 Dumuria Tungipara Gopalganj 401

11 Polder-03 3 1 Patgati Tungipara Gopalganj 316

12 Polder-04 6 1 Barni Tungipara Gopalganj 289

13 Polder-05 7 1 Kushli Tungipara Gopalganj 295

Total 175 13 4203



Name of Districts 1

Name of Upazila 2



Total Gross Area









Polder-01 4235 2202 2033 898 4.72

Polder-02 9320 4980 4340 2004 4.65

Polder-03 3535 1902 1633 717 4.93

Polder-04 1435 756 679 289 4.97

Polder-05 1438 752 686 295 4.87

Total 19963 10592 9371 4203 4.75





Number Percentage

Upto 17 7012 35.12

18- 45 8831 44.24

46-60 2782 13.94

61 and above 1338 6.70

19963 100.00



1 Polder-01 898 846 52

2 Polder-02 2004 1886 118

3 Polder-03 717 685 32

4 Polder-04 289 275 14

5 Polder-05 295 279 16

Total 4203 3971 232



Farmer 1152 27.41

Fishermen 58 1.38


Housewife 173 4.12

Others 1800 42.83

Service 398 9.47

Total 4203 100.00



0-10000 2058 48.97

10000-13000 506 12.04

13001-15000 488 11.61

15001-20000 509 12.11

20001-25000 214 5.09

>25000 428 10.18

Total 4203 100.00





Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 598 14.23


Large Farmer (> 501) 154 3.66

Total 4203 100.00






Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 4642 25.77 4258 23.64 8900 49.41




Total Literate 9096 50.50 7874 43.72 16970 94.22


Total 9601 53.31 8410 46.69 18011 100.00


Name of Union


Percent (RoW)




Polder-01 222 5.28 654 15.56 22 0.52 898 21.37

Polder-02 378 8.99 1599 38.04 27 0.64 2004 47.68

Polder-03 194 4.62 498 11.85 25 0.59 717 17.06

Polder-04 101 2.40 181 4.31 7 0.17 289 6.88

Polder-05 69 1.64 214 5.09 12 0.29 295 7.02

Total 964 22.94 3146 74.85 93 2.21 4203 100.00


Name of Union




Polder-01 54,364 12.12 10,333 2.30 289 0.06 5,257 1.17 70,243 15.66

Polder-02 176,665 39.38 23,108 5.15 7,217 1.61 39,283

8.76 246,273 54.90

Polder-03 63,903 14.24 9,298 2.07 3,821 0.85 5,086 1.13 82,108 18.30

Polder-04 24,519 5.47 3,402 0.76 243 0.05 585 0.13 28,749 6.41

Polder-05 16,858 3.76 3,617 0.81 51 0.01 712 0.16 21,238 4.73

Total 336,309 74.97 49,758 11.09 11,621 2.59 50,923

11.35 448,611 100.00







Total 448,611 100.00






CI sheet 3833 91.20


Others 3 0.07

Total 4203 100.00



Married 3947 93.91

Unmarried 54 1.28

Widow 147 3.50

Widower 37 0.88

Divorced 8 0.19

Separate 10 0.24

Table 4203 100.00



Yes 2440 58.05

No 1763 41.95

Total 4203 100.00



TV 754 17.94

Fridge 422 10.04

None 2057 48.94


Total 4203 100.00



<Tk.6000 222 5.28

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 2218 52.77

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 835

19.87

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 327

7.78

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 211

5.02

>Tk.28001 390 9.28

Total 4203 100.00





<Tk.6000 250 5.95

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 2500 59.48

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 830 19.75

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 329 7.83

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 132 3.14

>Tk.28001 162 3.85

Total 4203 100.00



Yes 33 0.79

No 4170 99.21

Total 4203 100.00



Yes 1283 30.53

No 2920 69.47

Total 4203 100.00




Fisheries 327 14.16

Livestock 799 34.59

Business 238 10.30

Others 113 4.89

Total 2310 100.00




Fisheries 39 23.21


Financial 3 1.79

Others 44 26.19

Total 168 100.00



Pucca 964 22.94

Ringslub 3146 74.85

Kaccha 93 2.21

Total 4203 100.00





Tubewell 4183 99.52

Ponds 20 0.48

Total 4203 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 3298 78.47

No 905 21.53

Total 4203 100.00



APPENDIX- 2.11 Kalidaskhali Arpara Table 1: List of Villages

Sl. No.


1 Anandanagar Arpara Shalikha Magura 147

2 Arpara Arpara Shalikha Magura 661

3 Boraichara Arpara Shalikha Magura 475

4 Darisalai Arpara Shalikha Magura 364

5 Dhawasima Arpara Shalikha Magura 118

6 Dighi Arpara Shalikha Magura 550

7 Fulbari Arpara Shalikha Magura 194

8 Gopalgram Arpara Shalikha Magura 329

9 Junari Arpara Shalikha Magura 555

10 Kumerkot Arpara Shalikha Magura 363

11 Pakuria Arpara Shalikha Magura 321

12 Poragachi Arpara Shalikha Magura 202

13 Ramkantapur Arpara Shalikha Magura 132

14 Bakolbaria Bunagati Shalikha Magura 207

15 Bawlia Bunagati Shalikha Magura 450

16 Bunagati Bunagati Shalikha Magura 459

17 Chabri Bunagati Shalikha Magura 257

18 Hatbaria Bunagati Shalikha Magura 489

19 Nalia Bunagati Shalikha Magura 203

20 Narapati Bunagati Shalikha Magura 190

21 Rampur Bunagati Shalikha Magura 493

22 Anandagar Shalikha Shalikha Magura 195

23 Aruakandi Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 300

24 Bagdanga Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 239

25 Baikhola Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 100

26 Boyra Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 282

27 Chaygharia Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 644

28 Dewbhanga Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 469

29 Harishpur Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1035

30 Katoli Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1007

31 Panchgachnia Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 470

32 Shatakhali Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 1736

33 Simakhali Shatakhali Shalikha Magura 244

Total 13880




Name of Union Total Population Population

HHs Size Male Female No of HHs

Arpara 17278 9110 8168 4411 3.92

Bunagati 11132 5882 5250 2748 4.05

Shalikha 731 378 353 195 3.75

Shatakhali 25199 13430 11769 6526 3.86

Total 54340 28800 25540 13880 3.91



Number Percentage

Upto 17 16531 30.42

18- 45 26137 48.10

46-60 7944 14.62

61 and above 3728 6.86

54340 100.00



1 Arpara 4411 4242 169

2 Bunagati 2748 2671 77

3 Shalikha 195 189 6

4 Shatakhali 6526 6312 214

Total 13880 13414 466



Business 1814 13.07

Farmer 4501 32.43

Housewife 413 2.98

Others 5608 40.40

Service 1544 11.12

Total 13880 100.00



Table 5.5 Income Group


0-13000 8987 64.75

13001-15000 1083 7.80

15001-20000 1407 10.14

20001-25000 716 5.16

>25000 1687 12.15

Total 13880 100.00





Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 1829 13.18


Large Farmer (> 501) 298 2.15

Total 13880 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 7767 15.33 6357 12.54 14124 27.87

Class-VI to IX 5828 11.50 6268 12.37 12096 23.87





Hafez 161 0.32 36 0.07 197 0.39

Total Literate 20383 40.22 16866 33.28 37249 73.50

Sign Only 4579 9.04 4544 8.97 9123 18.00


Total 26882 53.04 23796 46.96 50678 100.00



Arpara 4208 30.32 203 1.46 4411 31.78

Bunagati 2729 19.66 19 0.14 2748 19.80

Shalikha 195 1.40 0 0.00 195 1.40

Shatakhali 6189 44.59 337 2.43 6526 47.02

Total 13321 95.97 559 4.03 13880 100.00



Table – 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union




Arpara 2300 31.88 3771 31.11 101 29.97 122 48.03 14 24.14 6308 31.56

Bunagati 1783 24.72 2447 20.19 140 41.54 49 19.29 6 10.34 4425 22.14

Shalikha 76 1.05 167 1.38 2 0.59 2 0.79 0 0.00 247 1.24

Shatakhali 3055 42.35 5737 47.33 94 27.89 81 31.89 38 65.52 9005 45.06

Total 7214 100.00 12122 100.00 337 100.00 254 100.00 58 100.00 19985 100.00

Name of Union




Arpara 310,762 31.26 73,055 31.30 1,749 24.91 1,349 22.91 94 4.70 387,009 31.15

Bunagati 301,865 30.36 44,993 19.28 2,562 36.49 2,230 37.87 365 18.27 352,015 28.33

Shalikha 14,187 1.43 2,926 1.25 47 0.67 500 8.49 - 0.00 17,660 1.42

Shatakhali 367,443 36.96 112,408 48.16 2,663 37.93 1,809 30.72 1,539 77.03 485,862 39.10

Total 994,257 100.00 233,382 100.00 7,021 100.00 5,888 100.00 1,998 100.00 1,242,546 100.00




Homestead 233,382 18.78



Wet Land 1,998 0.16

Total 1,242,546 100.00



Married 13664 98.44

Unmarried 216 1.56

Table 13880 100

Table: 5.13 Destitute/Vulnerable Destitute/Vulnerable Number Percent

Yes 8650 62.32

No 5230 37.68

Total 13880 100



<Tk.6000 1759 12.67

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 6891 49.65

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 2073 14.94

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1061 7.64

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 676 4.87

>Tk.28001 1420 10.23

Total 13880 100





<Tk.6000 2205 15.89

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 7306 52.64

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 2200 15.85

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 948 6.83

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 465 3.35

>Tk.28001 756 5.45

Total 13880 100



Yes 17 0.12

No 13863 99.88

Total 13880 100



Yes 2339 16.85

No 11541 83.15

Total 13880 100




Business 16 0.31

Fisheries 3 0.06


Others 0 0.00

Total 5200 100



Pucca 13321 95.97

Kaccha 559 4.03

Total 13880 100




Ponds 473 3.41

Total 13880 100

5.23 Whether water quality tested Whether Tubewell water Quality Tested

Number Percent

Yes 8900 64.12

No 4980 35.88

Total 13880 100



APPENDIX- 2.12 Rajoir-Kotalipara Sub-Project Table –4. Lists of Villages

Sl. No. No. of Village

No. of Union

Name of Union


1 5 1 Kalabari Kotalipara Gopalganj 108

2 6 1 Kushla Kotalipara Gopalganj 125



5 13 1 Kenduia Madaripur Sadar Madaripur 470

6 1 1 Mastofapur Madaripur Sadar Madaripur 40

7 22 1 Amgram Rajoir Madaripur 547

8 11 1 Bajitpur Rajoir Madaripur 378

9 3 1 Rajoir Rajoir Madaripur 63

Total 70 9 2082



Name of Districts 2

Name of Upazila 3



Total Gross Area







Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of the SIP Table: 1 Population and Sex Ratio



Amgram 2438 1309 1129 547 4.46

Bajitpur 1663 899 764 378 4.40

Kalabari 509 261 248 108 4.71

Kenduia 2074 1076 998 470 4.41

Kushla 673 342 331 125 5.38

Mastofapur 180 99 81 40 4.50

Radhaganj 549 294 255 120 4.58

Rajoir 291 139 152 63 4.62

Sadullapur 1109 584 525 231 4.80

Total 9486 5003 4483 2082 4.56



Number Percentage

Upto 17 3299 34.78

18- 45 4274 45.06

46-60 1343 14.16

61 and above 570 6.01

9486 100.00





1 Amgram 547 520 27

2 Bajitpur 378 362 16

3 Kalabari 108 102 6

4 Kenduia 470 450 20

5 Kushla 125 124 1

6 Mastofapur 40 39 1


8 Rajoir 63 60 3


Total 2082 1987 95



Abroad 40 1.92

Business 325 15.61


Farmer 639 30.69

Fishermen 23 1.10


Housewife 76 3.65

Other's 157 7.54

Service 145 6.96

Total 2082 100.00



0-10000 1016 48.80

10000-13000 236 11.34

13001-15000 264 12.68

15001-20000 231 11.10

20001-25000 89 4.27

>25000 246 11.82

Total 2082 100.00





Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 323 15.51


Large Farmer (> 501) 59 2.83

Total 2082 100.00






Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 2286 26.31 2148 24.72 4434 51.02

Upto SSC/Equivalent 1311 15.09 1190 13.69 2501 28.78

Upto HSC/Equivalent 380 4.37 235 2.70 615 7.08


Total Literate 4262 49.04 3707 42.66 7969 91.70


Total 4609 53.04 4081 46.96 8690 100.00


Name of Union

Pucca/Concrit Ringslub Kaccha/Unhygenic Total Number Percent (RoW) Number Percent



(RoW)

Amgram 101 4.85 406 19.50 40 1.92 547 26.27

Bajitpur 89 4.27 259 12.44 30 1.44 378 18.16

Kalabari 13 0.62 90 4.32 5 0.24 108 5.19

Kenduia 110 5.28 334 16.04 26 1.25 470 22.57

Kushla 25 1.20 95 4.56 5 0.24 125 6.00

Mastofapur 18 0.86 16 0.77 6 0.29 40 1.92

Radhaganj 10 0.48 106 5.09 4 0.19 120 5.76

Rajoir 13 0.62 33 1.59 17 0.82 63 3.03

Sadullapur 1 0.05 230 11.05 0 0.00 231 11.10

Total 380 18.25 1569 75.36 133 6.39 2082 100.00





Amgram 55,618 27.50 8,107 4.01 521 0.26 6,968 3.44 71,214 35.20

Bajitpur 29,838 14.75 5,087 2.51 353 0.17 3,945 1.95 39,223 19.39

Kalabari 12,770 6.31 1,042 0.52 - 0.00 3,629 1.79 17,441 8.62

Kenduia 28,023 13.85 6,016 2.97 268 0.13 5,081 2.51 39,388 19.47

Kushla 14,910 7.37 1,897 0.94 120 0.06 2,962 1.46 19,889 9.83

Mastofapur 574 0.28 493 0.24 30 0.01 467 0.23 1,564 0.77

Radhaganj 7,835 3.87 1,005 0.50 - 0.00 1,135 0.56 9,975 4.93

Rajoir 2,450 1.21 664 0.33 50 0.02 212 0.10 3,376 1.67

Sadullapur 208 0.10 6 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 214 0.11

Total 152,226 75.25 24,317 12.02 1,342 0.66 24,399 12.06 202,284 100







Total 202,284 100






CI sheet 1939 93.13


Others 0 0.00

Total 2082 100.00



Married 1938 93.08

Unmarried 48 2.31

Widow 72 3.46

Widower 16 0.77

Divorced 3 0.14

Separate 5 0.24

Table 2082 100.00



Yes 1185 56.92

No 897 43.08

Total 2082 100.00



TV 634 30.45

Fridge 90 4.32

None 886 42.56


Total 2082 100.00



<Tk.6000 163 7.83

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1021 49.04

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 448 21.52

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 131 6.29

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 97 4.66

>Tk.28001 222 10.66

Total 2082 100.00





<Tk.6000 186 8.93

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 1212 58.21

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 392 18.83

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 135 6.48

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 62 2.98

>Tk.28001 95 4.56

Total 2082 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 13 0.62

No 2069 99.38

Total 2082 100.00



Yes 605 29.06

No 1477 70.94

Total 2082 100.00




Fisheries 165 15.64

Livestock 310 29.38

Business 158 14.98

Others 55 5.21

Total 1055 100.00




Fisheries 32 24.43


Financial 10 7.63

Others 17 12.98

Total 131 100.00



Pucca 380 18.25

Ringslub 1569 75.36

Kaccha 133 6.39

Total 2082 100.00





Tubewell 2081 99.95

Ponds 1 0.05

Total 2082 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 1707 81.99

No 375 18.01

Total 2082 100.00



APPENDIX- 2.13 Ramsil-Kafulabari Sub-Project Table –4. Lists of Villages

Sl. No. No. of Village No. of Union

Name of Union


1 5 1 Amtali Kotalipara Gopalganj 65

2 1 1 Bakal Agailjhara Barisal 18

3 4 1 Bandhabari Kotalipara Gopalganj 203


5 7 1 Ramshil Kotalipara Gopalganj 292


Total 42 6 1362



Name of Districts 2

Name of Upazila 2



Total Gross Area










AMTALI 307 188 119 65 4.72

BAKAL 93 46 47 18 5.17

Bandhabari 982 537 445 203 4.84

Radhaganj 1406 742 664 304 4.63

Ramshil 1219 625 594 292 4.17

Sadullapur 2301 1206 1095 480 4.79

Total 6308 3344 2964 1362 4.63



Number Percentage

Upto 17 2189 34.70

18- 45 2802 44.42

46-60 895 14.19

61 and above 422 6.69

6308 100.00





1 AMTALI 65 63 2

2 BAKAL 18 18 0

3 Bandhabari 203 190 13


5 Ramshil 292 284 8


Total 1362 1292 70



Abroad 0 0.00

Business 179 13.14

Day Labour 39 2.86

Farmer 433 31.79

Fishermen 7 0.51


Housewife 46 3.38

Other's 554 40.68

Service 88 6.46

Total 1362 100.00



0-10000 765 56.17

10000-13000 176 12.92

13001-15000 157 11.53

15001-20000 135 9.91

20001-25000 40 2.94

>25000 89 6.53

Total 1362 100.00

Table-6: HHS category by Land Ownership




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 176 12.92


Large Farmer (> 501) 23 1.69

Total 1362 100.00






Male Female

No % No %

Upto V 1458 25.22 1330 23.00 2788 48.22

Upto SSC/Equivalent 970 16.78 887 15.34 1857 32.12

Upto HSC/Equivalent 272 4.70 207 3.58 479 8.28


Total Literate 2925 50.59 2534 43.83 5459 94.41


Total 3066 53.03 2716 46.97 5782 100.00


Name of Union

Pucca/Concrit Ringslub Kaccha/Unhygenic Total Number Percent (RoW) Number Percent



(RoW)

AMTALI 5 0.37 56 4.11 4 0.29 65 4.77

BAKAL 4 0.29 14 1.03 0 0.00 18 1.32

Bandhabari 36 2.64 163 11.97 4 0.29 203 14.90

Radhaganj 37 2.72 259 19.02 8 0.59 304 22.32

Ramshil 20 1.47 265 19.46 7 0.51 292 21.44

Sadullapur 9 0.66 470 34.51 1 0.07 480 35.24

Total 111 8.15 1227 90.09 24 1.76 1362 100.00





AMTALI 3,887 3.98 793 0.81 15 0.02 590 0.60 5,285 5.41

BAKAL 1,533 1.57 147 0.15 - 0.00 135 0.14 1,815 1.86

Bandhabari 14,370 14.71 2,314 2.37 - 0.00 3,013 3.09 19,697 20.17

Radhaganj 22,450 22.99 3,134 3.21 26 0.03 3,673 3.76 29,283 29.98

Ramshil 28,066 28.74 3,574 3.66 556 0.57 6,820 6.98 39,016 39.95

Sadullapur 2,238 2.29 216 0.22 - 0.00 114 0.12 2,568 2.63

Total 72,544 74.28 10,178 10.42 597 0.61 14,345 14.69 97,664 100





Fallow Land 597 0.61


Total 97,664 100






CI sheet 1347 98.90


Others 0 0.00

Total 1362 100.00



Married 1286 94.42

Unmarried 12 0.88

Widow 45 3.30

Widower 12 0.88

Divorced 3 0.22

Separate 4 0.29

Table 1362 100.00



Yes 899 66.01

No 463 33.99

Total 1362 100.00



TV 314 23.05

Fridge 50 3.67

None 826 60.65


Total 1362 100.00



<Tk.6000 83 6.09

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 816 59.91

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 257 18.87

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 83 6.09

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 43 3.16

>Tk.28001 80 5.87

Total 1362 100.00





<Tk.6000 97 7.12

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 905 66.45

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 224 16.45

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 67 4.92

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 33 2.42

>Tk.28001 36 2.64

Total 1362 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 1 0.07

No 1361 99.93

Total 1362 100.00



Yes 265 19.46

No 1097 80.54

Total 1362 100.00




Fisheries 108 19.93

Livestock 132 24.35

Business 35 6.46

Others 11 2.03

Total 542 100.00




Fisheries 41 39.81


Financial 0 0.00

Others 17 16.50

Total 103 100.00



Pucca 111 8.15

Ring slub 1227 90.09

Kaccha 24 1.76

Total 1362 100.00






Ponds 0 0.00

Total 1362 100.00



Number Percent

Yes 1088 79.88

No 274 20.12

Total 1362 100.00



APPENDIX – 2.14 Horai River Sub-Project Table – 4.1 List of Villages

Sl. No. No. of Village

No. of Union

Name of Union Upazila District Number of HHs

1 2 1 GAJNA MADHUKHALI FARIDPUR 143

2 12 1 BAHARPUR BALIAKANDI RAJBARI 2052

3 24 1 ISLAMPUR BALIAKANDI RAJBARI 4365

4 14 1 JAMALPUR BALIAKANDI RAJBARI 3006

5 17 1 MADAPUR KALUKHALI RAJBARI 4361

6 10 1 RATANDIA KALUKHALI RAJBARI 1812

7 5 1 ALIPUR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 1071

8 14 1 BANIBAHA RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 4857

9 5 1 BASANTAPUR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 1368

10 12 1 CHANDANI RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 3690

11 11 1 KHANGANJ RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 2733

12 6 1 MIZANPUR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 2067

13 3 1 MULGHAR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 1277

14 5 1 RAMKANTAPUR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 1287

15 3 1 SULTANPUR RAJBARI SADAR

RAJBARI 146

Total 34235



Number/quantity

Remarks

Name of Districts 2

Name of Upazila 4


15


Total Gross Area


Total Households

Total Population

Households Size



Source: HH survey and PRA 2018



Socio economic, Livelihood and Gender Perspective of subproject Table – 5.1: Population and Sex Ratio



Alipur 4084 2191 1893 1071 3.81

Baharpur 8146 4347 3799 2052 3.97

Banibaha 19776 10456 9320 4857 4.07

Basantapur 5337 2837 2500 1368 3.90

Chandani 15028 7924 7104 3690 4.07

Gajna 589 306 283 143 4.12

Islampur 18554 9658 8896 4365 4.25

Jamalpur 12476 6597 5879 3006 4.15

Khanganj 10892 5651 5241 2733 3.99

Madapur 17380 9268 8112 4361 3.99

Mizanpur 8213 4295 3918 2067 3.97

Mulghar 5113 2704 2409 1277 4.00

Ramkantapur 4766 2460 2306 1287 3.70

Ratandia 7179 3733 3446 1812 3.96

Sultanpur 552 306 246 146 3.78

Total 138085 72733 65352 34235 4.03

Source: HHs Survey, 2018, SAIWRPMP, BWDB Table 5 2: Age groups of population


Number Percentage

Upto 17 44876 32.50

18- 45 65669 47.56

46-60 19713 14.28

61 and above 7827 5.67

138085 100.00






1 Alipur 1071 1043 28

2 Baharpur 2052 1996 56

3 Banibaha 4857 4699 158

4 Basantapur 1368 1337 31

5 Chandani 3690 3556 134

6 Gajna 143 138 5

7 Islampur 4365 4180 185

8 Jamalpur 3006 2921 85

9 Khanganj 2733 2633 100

10 Madapur 4361 4235 126

11 Mizanpur 2067 1987 80

12 Mulghar 1277 1243 34

13 Ramkantapur 1287 1241 46

14 Ratandia 1812 1749 63

15 Sultanpur 146 142 4

Total 34235 33100 1135



Business 4805 14.04

Farmer 10608 30.99

Housewife 989 2.89

Others 13827 40.39

Service 4006 11.70

Total 34235 100.00



0-13000 23704 69.24

13001-15000 2931 8.56

15001-20000 3422 10.00

20001-25000 1409 4.12

>25000 2769 8.09

Total 34235 100.00




Table- 5.6: HHS category by Land Ownership at




Small Farmer (121-247 Dec) 3449 10.07


Large Farmer (> 501) 372 1.09

Total 34235 100.00




Male Female

No % No %

Primary (Class I-V) 22073 17.18 18106 14.09 40179 31.26

Class-VI to IX 12348 9.61 14737 11.47 27085 21.08





Hafez 313 0.24 46 0.04 359 0.28

Total Literate 49643 38.63 42794 33.30 92437 71.93

Sign Only 10310 8.02 9625 7.49 19935 15.51


Total 67839 52.79 60676 47.21 128515 100.00

Sources: H.H survey, 2018 Table –5.8: Access to Sanitation of the HHs of Surveyed HH


Alipur 1037 3.03 34 0.10 1071 3.13

Baharpur 2015 5.89 37 0.11 2052 5.99

Banibaha 4506 13.16 351 1.03 4857 14.19

Basantapur 1291 3.77 77 0.22 1368 4.00

Chandani 3285 9.60 405 1.18 3690 10.78

Gajna 138 0.40 5 0.01 143 0.42

Islampur 3690 10.78 675 1.97 4365 12.75

Jamalpur 2985 8.72 21 0.06 3006 8.78

Khanganj 2256 6.59 477 1.39 2733 7.98

Madapur 4281 12.50 80 0.23 4361 12.74

Mizanpur 1925 5.62 142 0.41 2067 6.04

Mulghar 1197 3.50 80 0.23 1277 3.73

Ramkantapur 1170 3.42 117 0.34 1287 3.76

Ratandia 1808 5.28 4 0.01 1812 5.29

Sultanpur 141 0.41 5 0.01 146 0.43

Total 31725 92.67 2510 7.33 34235 100.00



Table– 5.9: Land Type of the surveyed HH Name of Union




Alipur 32,075 1.98 20,161 4.75 3,813 8.92 1,130 7.69 12 0.93 57,191 2.72

Baharpur 123,895 7.65 22,366 5.27 3,874 9.06 1,018 6.93 - 0.00 151,153 7.19

Banibaha 230,132 14.21 70,227 16.54 6,508 15.23 2,753 18.73 115 8.96 309,735 14.73

Basantapur 75,526 4.66 18,820 4.43 1,680 3.93 10 0.07 310 24.14 96,346 4.58

Chandani 159,934 9.87 46,321 10.91 4,125 9.65 1,049 7.14 179 13.94 211,608 10.06

Gajna 5,237 0.32 1,553 0.37 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 6,790 0.32

Islampur 208,091 12.85 47,493 11.19 4,485 10.49 2,186 14.87 253 19.70 262,508 12.48

Jamalpur 133,916 8.27 33,559 7.90 3,579 8.37 1,031 7.01 - 0.00 172,085 8.18

Khanganj 107,615 6.64 32,713 7.70 2,183 5.11 912 6.20 46 3.58 143,469 6.82

Madapur 249,261 15.39 51,952 12.24 3,381 7.91 1,365 9.29 140 10.90 306,099 14.55

Mizanpur 88,597 5.47 24,883 5.86 2,997 7.01 1,620 11.02 26 2.02 118,123 5.62

Mulghar 60,558 3.74 18,278 4.30 3,074 7.19 458 3.12 193 15.03 82,561 3.93

Ramkantapur 47,949 2.96 15,116 3.56 1,903 4.45 1,083 7.37 10 0.78 66,061 3.14

Ratandia 82,490 5.09 19,557 4.61 1,134 2.65 85 0.58 - 0.00 103,266 4.91

Sultanpur 14,459 0.89 1,606 0.38 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 16,065 0.76

Total 1,619,734 100.00 424,604 100.00 42,736 100.00 14,700 100.00 1,284 100.00 2,103,057 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table 5.10 Land Type of Surveyed H.H



Homestead 424,604 20.19



Wet Land 1,284 0.06

Total 2,103,057 100.00

Source: Households Survey, 2018 Table: 5.12 Marital Status


Married 33743 98.56

Unmarried 492 1.44

Table 34235 100



Yes 22908 66.91

No 11327 33.09

Total 34235 100





<Tk.6000 3219 9.40

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 19689 57.51

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 5736 16.75

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 2032 5.94

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 1273 3.72

>Tk.28001 2286 6.68

Total 34235 100



<Tk.6000 4149 12.12

Tk.6001-Tk.12000 21291 62.19

Tk. 12001-Tk.18000 5211 15.22

Tk.18001-Tk.23000 1571 4.59

Tk.23001-Tk.28000 905 2.64

>Tk.28001 1108 3.24

Total 34235 100



Yes 42 0.12

No 34193 99.88

Total 34235 100



Yes 8447 24.67

No 25788 75.33

Total 34235 100




Business 247 1.73

Fisheries 148 1.04


Others 0 0.00

Total 14278 100



Pucca 31725 92.67

Kaccha 2510 7.33

Total 34235 100






Ponds 1889 5.52

Total 34235 100



Number Percent

Yes 19875 58.05

No 14360 41.95

Total 34235 100



Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning & Management Project - Additional Financing

Survey of HH, Socio-economic (including Agi.Fishery & IGA) and Gender & Livelihood Information

Sub-Project: ………………………. Union: …………………

Upazilla: …………………..

ID No

Sl No.

Name of household head & Cell Number

Sex (1=male, 2= Female)

Relationship with H/H head

1-HH head himself, 2-Father, 3-Mother, 4-Husband, 5 Brother 6. Sister 7.Other (define)

Age (yrs)

Education (1-Can not sign, 2-Upto V, 3-Upto SSC/equivalent, 4-Upto HSC/equivalent, 5-Degree & above/equivalent, 6- Children <5 Years)

Marital status (1. M,2. UM, 3.Widow,4.Widower,5. Divorcee,6.Seperated)

Occupation (1-Farmer, 2. Fishermen 3.Fish- farmers, 4-Service, 5-Business, 6-Housewife & 5-others

Housing Status (1-Concrete Roof, 2-CI Sheet Roof, 3-Straw/Leaf roof & 4-others

Is TV,Fridge in House 1.TV,2 Fridge,3 None

(Use two codes for 2)

Destitute/ Vulnerable (1.Yes,2.No)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Note(vulnerable): Household head earn below 12 thousand taka / month





District: ………………………… Name of Supervisor:…..…...….. Name of Facilator: …………… Sub-Project: ………………………. Village : ………………………….

Total Land (dec)

land type (dec) Pond and Wetland (dec) No. of Cattle(Cow & Goat)

Avg. monthly income

Avg. monthly expdt.

Whether Co-operative member 1-Yes, 2-No

If, yes, Name of Co-operatives

Whether NGO member 1-Yes, 2-No

If, Yes, Name of NGO

Involved with any IGA Activity:Agril.2.Fishery,3. livestock,4 Business 5. Others)

Agricul ture

Homestead

Fallow land

Total WB

No. of Ponds

Total yield (kg)

Fish culture type (M/P)

If the HH nursery (Y/N)

If yes, total area

Total yield (kg) in Nursery

Total gher areas

Total yield (kg) in gher

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34





Union: …………………

Upazilla: ……………….. District: ………

Supervisor Name:………….….Facitator Name:………....

Training received from any organization( 1.Agri.2.Fishery,3.Other income gen.4.Financial,5.Others)

Source of drinking water & status (1= Pond, 2= TW)

Sanitation Status Per HHs Total irrigated areas (dec) What type of problem women are facing in your area 1. Divorce 2. Early marriage 3. Unemployment 4. Lack of training 5. Others

Your suggesion about the activities for socio-economic development of women in your area.

Remarks

pond/ TW

If T.water Quality tested (Y-1/N-2)

Presence of Arsenic (Y-1/N-2)

1-pucca/concrit, 2-Ringslub, 3-kaccha/unhygenic

No. of user

LLP (1)

STW (2)

DTW (3)

Total irrigated areas (dec)

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47



Photo Gallery

ISPMC Team with Patgati Chairman Households Survey Team Members

Training provioled to the Enumerator Discussion with the Public Representative

Discussion with the Public Representative Discussion with the Farmers



Meeting with local people Meeting with UP Chairman & Members

Discussion Meeting wth Team Members Meeting at Patgati Union

Survey conducted by Enumerator Survey conducted by Enumerator



Focus Group Discussion with Farmers Supervisior conducted FGD with Farmers

FGD conducted with Farmers Survey conducted by Enumerator

Discussion with Local People FGD with Local People



Discussion with Local Farmers Household Survey conducting by Enumerator

Survey conducted by Enumerator Survey conducted by Enumerator

Household Survey conducted by Enumerators Monitoring Survey Work by ISPM consultant



ISPMC Team Members Monitor Survey Work Household Survey conducted by enumerator

Data Collection from Local Women of Ramsil-Kafulabari

Fiishery Specialist Collect Data from the Farmers

Meeting with Agriculture Officer Chowgacha Meeting with DFO Jeshore

Documents

southwest.bwdb.gov.bdsouthwest.bwdb.gov.bd/files/report/32179cf60274cf95b65d284efda… · BWDB – Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project-Additional