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AAcceleratorA board added to a computer to speed up certain tasks suchas Unsharp Mask and some filter effects.

A componentOne of two chromatic parts in LAB Color. The color rangeis from green to red. See also LAB Mode.

AbsoluteA setting in the Selective Color dialog box for adjusting col-ors in complete values. Choose Image > Adjustments >Selective Color.

Accented EdgesA Brush Strokes function filter that traces edges in an imageand then darkens or lightens them.

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Acquire modulePlug-in. Any third-party program added to Photoshop togive more functions and features. They are added to theImport or Export menu as file formats in the Open, Save As,and Export Original dialog boxes; or as filters in the Filtersubmenus. The plug-ins folder is located in a folder calledPlug-Ins residing in the Photoshop application folder.Additional plug-ins must be directed to Photoshop throughGeneral Preferences. Choose Edit > Preferences > Plug-Insand Scratch Disks.

Act ionsAn Action provides automated tasks through a series ofcommands that will allow the user to play back on a singlefiles or batch of files. Choose Window > Show Actions. Seealso Automate, Modal Controls and Batch.

Actions PaletteA rectangular window for record-ing, playing, editing and deletingspecific actions. A. Checkmarksnext to an Action name or com-mand denote it is active and willplay. B. The Modal Control col-umn will pause an action duringplay mode so specific values maybe input. Recorded values can’t bechanged in dialog boxes if the con-trol is not set. C. Click to Stoprecording. D. Click to record. E.

Click to play. Red indicates recording is in progress. F.Click to create a new set. G. Click to create a new Action.H. Click to delete a selected Action or command. See alsoWindow Menu.

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Active LayerThe highlighted and working layer in the Layers palette.Only one layer can be active at a time, although layers canbe linked.

Active Sl iceAny user slice made operational bythe Slice Select Tool by clickinginside it. Dragging one of its eighthandles can then change the sizeand shape. Move the slice by drag-ging inside.

Active toolThe name of the current operational tool in the Toolbar. Thepreview bar or status bar at the lower left of the image win-dow displays the Current Tool. Window users chooseWindows > Show Status Bar. See also Status Bar.

Actual Pixels SizeA 100-percent zoom ratio of the image on the monitorscreen. Choose View > Actual Pixels, double-click theZoom tool or click the Actual Pixels button in the Zoomtool Options bar. See Zoom tool.

Adapt ive A pop-up menu option inside the Indexed Color dialog boxthat gives a sampling of colors appearing from the spectrumcommon in the image, which usually produces the bestresults. See also Color Table and Indexed Color options.

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Add Layer MaskSee Layer Mask.

Add Anchor Point ToolA tool that inserts a point to apath where none exist beforeby clicking on a path segment.

Add to ChannelA Select menu dialog box command for inserting a selec-tion to an existing channel. Add to Channel appends theselection to the current channel contents.

Add to Select ion Area

A Selection button in the Options Bar that inserts a newselection area to the existing selection.

Add to Shape Area

A Shape tool Boolean operator button in the Options Barthat inserts new shape area to an existing shape or path. Seealso Boolean operators and Paths.

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Add NoiseA filter in the Noise filter menu thatincrease or decrease pixel color val-ues by adding random spotted pat-tern pixels. Uniform: distributesnoise randomly but at an equal den-sity. Gaussian: distributes noise ran-domly and possible in clumps andareas with without noise.Monochromatic: constructs darkand light noise over image pixels. A

high setting will produce black and white noise. ChooseFilter > Noise > Add Noise.

Add TransparencyA checkbox in the Options section of the Gradient Editor. Itbecomes available when Noise is selected from theGradient Type pop-up menu and when checked adds ran-dom transparency in variety of opacity stops. See alsoRandomize and Restrict Colors.

Add Vector MaskA Layer menu command to create sharp-edged shapes on alayer. Useful to add design elements with distinct edges.Layer styles can be added to the mask to help create but-tons, panels or other Web design items.

Addit ive color Color made by adding the primary colors (red, green, andblue) of light together and creating the color white.Transmissive sources such as a computer monitor or a pho-tographic slide use additive color.

Adjust Backl ightingAn Enhance menu command in Photoshop Elements that

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allows the increase of density to areas of an image to makeup for the lighter details in the background that may havebeen overexposed and are to light.

Adjustment Layers

A Layer submenu command for accessing temporary tonalcorrections that affect the appearance of underlying infor-mation yet do not contain image data. The color fill andtonal adjustments that are located in the adjustment layercover over but do not permanently change pixels in theimage or layers below. Most of the color adjustment optionsfound in the Image > Adjustments submenus are also locat-ed here. To make an adjustment layer choose Layer > NewAdjustment Layer > and choose an option. These com-mands can also be accessed through the control buttons atthe bottom of the Layers palette. See also Layers palette andChange Layer Content.

Adobe AcrobatAn Adobe application for producing documents that can beviewed on any computer that is equipped with the freeAcrobat Reader software. Acrobat files are called PDF(Portable Document Format).

Adjustment Layer thumbnails. A. Threshold. B. Selective Color.C. Posterize. D. Levels. E. Invert. F. Hue/Saturation G. GradientMap. H. Curves. I. Color Balance. J. Channel Mixer. K.Brightness/Contrast.

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Adobe Bridge Photoshop CS2 new control panel to browse, tag, search,and process images. Maintains common color settingsthroughout the Adobe Creative Suite components. See alsoVersion Cue.

Adobe GammaA utility that allows calibrating and saving a monitor to anICC-compliant profile that helps eliminate color cast andstandardize image display in monitors. Does not work with(LCD) flat-panel monitors. Adobe Gamma is automaticallyinstalled into the Control Panels folder when Photoshop isinstalled. (Win) located in the Program Files/CommonFiles/Adobe/Calibration folder on the hard drive. (Mac)choose Control Panels > Adobe Gamma from the Applemenu. If desired, click the Wizard (Win) or Assistant (Mac)button to switch for instructions one step at a time.

Adobe I l lustratorA graphics program that draws and paints solid color art-work with mathematical coordinates called bezier paths.

Adobe ImageReadyA component of PhotoShop that provides advanced Web-production tasks. PhotoShop and ImageReady commands,palettes, tools and keyboard shortcuts work similarly forsmooth continuity. Production of a web page with finalHTML file and JavaScript rollover effects can be generatedwithout writing code. For example, a specific area of animage changes when clicked on, pressed down on, or rolledover with a mouse. It also creates secondary rollovers wherea mouse action on one part of an image causes a change inanother part of the image. High-quality interactive anima-tions for a web page can also be produced. Choose File >

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Jump to...ImageReady or click the icon next to the curvedarrow at the bottom of the Toolbar.

Adobe InDesignA page layout and desktop publishing design program byAdobe.

Adobe Onl ineA button at the top of the Toolbar to access to the latest tuto-rials, tips and other subject matter for Photoshop. AdobeOnline can also be entered through the Help menu.

Adobe Stock Photos Adobe Bridge provides the viewing and purchasing of roy-alty-free images from leading stock libraries.

Adobe PageMakerA page layout and desktop publishing program by Adobe.

Adobe PhotoshopThe complete professional image-editing software programmade by Adobe. See also Adobe Photoshop Elements.

Adobe Photoshop ElementsThe mid-range image-editing software program made byAdobe. It is geared for those users between professional andconsumers and bridges the gap of basic and advanced pic-ture-editing tools. It features most of the controls ofPhotoshop 6.0 at a smaller cost. CMYK capabilities forcommercial printing are noticeably absent.

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Adobe PremiereA video-editing program made by Adobe.

Advanced BlendingA section in the Blending Options Layer Style dialog boxthat manages how a layer will interact with other layers. FillOpacity: controls a fill colors transparency and regulateshow certain inner effects are adjusted. Knockout: detailsthat layers punch through to reveal content from the otherlayers. Blend Clipped Layers as a Group: when checkedthe bottom most layer in a clipping group will mix with therest of the layers in the group when a blending mode isassigned to it. Blend Interior Effects as a Group: whenchecked it will mix the effects with the layer first and thenmix with the remaining parts of the image. Blend If: allowsmixing colors together to a specific isolated color channel.See also General Blending. These options are available inPhotoshop 7: Select Transparency Shapes Layers:whenchecked this confines the layer effects and knockouts to theopaque layer areas. Select Layer Mask Hides Effects:when checked confines the layer effects to the area definedby the layer mask. Select Vector Mask Hides Effects:when checked confines the layer effects to the area definedby the vector mask.

Advanced ModeAn option in the Color Settings dialog box that opens moredialog sites for adjusting color management.

Airbrush Tool

An option in the Brushes palette tool that paints with soft-edged diffused strokes that blend with the image. The

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Airbrush option in the Brushes palette matches the Airbrushoption in the Options bar. In Photoshop 6 and earlier theAirbrush is in the Toolbox.

Al iasSpatial distortions or jaggies in a digital file.

Alien SkinManufacturer of Photoshop plug-ins. Eye Candy is a popu-lar application.

Align LinkedBrings into line the contents of linked layers to contents ofan active layer or selection border. An image content moveswhen moving a layer or layer set. They can be repositionedmanually using the move tool or the linked group of layerscan be united and spread at evenly spaced positioned inter-vals using the Align Linked or Distribute Linked com-mands. Choose Layer > Align Linked.

Aligned to Select ionBrings into line the contents of multiple layers to a selectionborder. First make a selection in the image and then linktogether the layers you want to align in the Layers palette.Choose Layer > Align To Selection, and then choose a com-mand from the submenu: Top Edges, Vertical Centers,Bottom Edges, Left Edges, Horizontal Centers or RightEdges.

Al ignedA checkbox in the Clone Stamp tool Option bar that whenchecked the entire sampled area is applied one time, regard-less how many times painting starts and stops. See alsoCloning.

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Aligning1. Two or more selected single path components, selectionsor layers whose edges are level or made straight utilizingthe alignment options located in the Options Bar. 2. Pointtype and paragraph type whose edges are made straight.

AlignmentIndicates the precise placement of selection edges, drawingtools, paths, crops, slices, and objects by aligning them withguides, slices, document bounds and a grid. See also Snap.

A l lA Select menu command that chooses the entire image asthe selected area. Choose Select > All. See also Selections.

Allow Non-Linear HistoryA checkbox in the History Options dialog box of theHistory palette that allows changes to make to a selectedstate without erasing the states after it. By default when astate is selected and the image is edited then all the statesthat are after the selected state are erased. Non-linear histo-ry deletes just the selected state when changes are made tothe image. The change will be then be added on at the endof the state’s list. See also History Palette, States andSnapshot.

Alpha Channel A channel that stores grayscale values to be used for creat-ing masks or selections allowing protection, isolation andmanipulation of parts of an image. See also Channels.

Alt -DragHolding down the ALT key while dragging with the mouse.(Window users).

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Alt TagAn input area in the Slice Options dialog box of the SliceSelect tool Options bar for reading text about the image thatappears while the web page is loading in the browser.

AmbienceA distinctive quality in the Properties settings in theLighting Effects filter dialog box that lightens or darkenspixels throughout the image with an even diffused light.The color of the light depends on the color chosen in thecolor swatch at the right. Choose Filter > Render > LightingEffects. See also Lighting Effects and Texture Channel.

Ambient LightExisting or available light.

AnalogInformation presented in continuous form, analogous to arepresentation of the “real world.” such as a photographicprint. When scanned it is converted into digital form and ismade up of bits.

AnchorThe grid to specifyplacement of an imagewhen creating a canvas.See Canvas Size.

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Anchor PointsDenotes the endpoints in a path sec-tion. On curved seg-ments, selectedanchor points dis-play Direction Linesand Points thatdetermine shape andsize made by a PenTool or Shape Tool.See also Paths,Direction Lines andDirection Points.

AndromedaManufacturer of Photoshop plug-ins filters. Mezzo Line-Screen is popular.

Angle1. An option for a style of a brush. For anew or edited brush click Brush Tip Shapein the Brush palette to make a tilted brushtool. 2. A tilted lighting position deter-mined by the settings in the Layer Stylesdialog box. 3. An option in the Halftone

Screens dialog box that allows changes to the line orienta-tion of the halftone cells. See Halftone Screens.

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Angle Gradient

A gradient style that creates a spray of colors in a counter-clockwise direction. Also known as a Conical gradation.See Gradient Tool.

Angle Ji t terSpecifies how the slant of brushmarks varies in a stroke. A Brushespalette option for determining thevariance of brush marks in astroke. First select ShapeDynamics on the left side of theBrushes palette to reveal the dis-play window of the currentoptions.

Angled StrokesA Brush Strokes function filter that adds streaks to dark andlight areas by identifying areas of similar colors and pre-serves the edges of dissimilar colors.

Animated GIF’sMoving pictures or simulations that can be viewed in a Webbrowser. See also GIF, Animations and Adobe ImageReady

Animation Create animated GIF files in Photoshop CS2. The samecontrols that are offered in ImageReady are now inPhotoshop CS2..

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AnimationsA sequence of images, or frames, that are displayed over aperiod of time. Each frame varies somewhat from the pre-ceding frame and when viewed in a rapid sequence createthe impression of movement. See also Adobe ImageReady.

Annotat ionsSmall nonprintable icons associating with typedcomments, production notes and audio annota-tions that are coupled more exactly with the loca-tion on the image than with a layer. Audio anno-

tations can be set to play during an action. See also AudioAnnotation tool.

Anti -Al iasingAdds pixels of interme-diate colors to jaggededges in an image to getsmooth transition fromone color to another.Useful when cutting,

copying, and pasting selections to create composite images.Located in the Options bar after a tool is chosen: Lasso,Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso, Rounded Rectangle,Marquee, Elliptical Marquee, and Magic Wand tools. Seealso Jaggies, Smoothing and Feather.

Anti-Al iased PICTA File menu command for importing an object-orientedPICT files as an anti-aliased image. Smaller files that werecreated with MacDraw and Canvas work best since theentire file is held in memory when it is imported. See alsoImport.

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Append Brushes

A command used to attach or supplement more brushes tothe existing brushes in order to customize the list of brush-es in the brush preset. To access the command dialog box,first click the Brush Preset Picker or Brushes palette sub-menu and choose from a list of brush styles. See also LoadBrushes.

AppleScriptAllows execution of such external tasks as starting andshutting down a computer automatically and executingAdobe Photoshop actions such as batch-process for MacOS. Photoshop supports some external automation usingOLE Automation for Windows.

Appl icat ionA program that runs on a computer. Typically applicationsperform tasks such as Photoshop’s image editing or wordprocessing, accounting and spreadsheets.

Apply Camera RAW Sett ings Located in the File Browser, this applies saved or previous-ly used camera raw settings to selected images withoutopening them.

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Apply Image

An Image command that blends one or more layer andchannel from an image (source) with a layer and channel ofan active image (destination or target).

Apply Mask

A layer mask can be applied or discarded without makingchanges permanent. To remove or apply the layer maskclick the layer mask thumbnail in the Layers palette thenclick the Trash button at the bottom of the Layers palettethen click Discard or Apply. See Layer Mask.

ArchivalLong lasting; Computer-produced prints that are less likelyto spoil over time.

ArchiveThe action of storing an image file off the hard drive foreasy access and retrieval when needed. See also Disk.

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AreaOne of several options in the Art HistoryBrush tool that specifies the locale cov-ered by the paint strokes. The larger the

number, the larger the area covered. The Art History Brushreplicates the texture of painting with different colors withstylized strokes while using the source data from a specifiedhistory state or snapshot. See also Art History Brush.

ArrangeA command that determines the stacking order of layers andlayer sets to appear in front or behind other layers. ChooseLayer > Arrange.

Arrange IconsAligns minimized images along the bottom of the work areain Window only. Choose Window > Arrange Icons.

ArrowSee Direct Selection Tool.

ArrowheadsA geometry option locatedin the Line tool Options barsubmenu that helps render awedge-shaped mark on theimage. To draw a line clickon the image and drag thecursor. Photoshop can makearrowheads at the start, end

or both in an image. Specify values for width, length andconcavity or shape to the proportions as a percentage of theline in the Arrowheads dialog box.

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Art History Brush Tool

The Art History brush tool replicates the texture of paintingwith different colors with stylized strokes while using thesource data from a specified history state or snapshot. Itsimulates the texture of painting with different paint styles,fidelity, size, and tolerance options. Fidelity: directs howmuch the paint color deviates from the color in the sourcestate or snapshot. The color will vary from the source witha lower number. Area: specifies the locale covered by thepaint strokes. The larger the number the larger the area cov-ered. Spacing: limits the sections where paint strokes can beapplied. A low spacing paints anywhere in the image. Ahigh spacing regulates paint strokes to areas that differ fromthe color in the source state or snapshot. See also HistoryOptions and State.

Art i facts1. Random patterns of pixels that interfere with the imageand give the appearance of graininess. Also known asStochastic variations or Noise. 2. Problems or faults withimage capture using a digital camera or scanner such aselectrical interference or flares.

Artist ic Fi l tersA collection of painting or special effect filters in the Filtersmenu that define similar colors and blur them to form solid

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colored areas. See Colored Pencil, Cutout, Dry Brush, FilmGrain, Fresco, Neon Glow, Paint Daubs, Palette Knife,Plastic Wrap, Poster Edges, Rough Pastels, Smudge Stick,Sponge, Watercolor and Underpainting.

As a CopyAn option in the Save As dialog box that will save a dupli-cate of the file while keeping the current file open.Choose File > Save As.

ASCI IAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange. Ageneric encoding method when printing to an output device.Often used when printing from a Windows system or expe-riencing printing errors.

Aspect Rat io

Sets a style in the Options bar to determine height-to-widthratio while using the Marquee tool.

Assign Prof i leAn option that selects a color profile. Recommended onlyfor advanced users. Choose Image > Mode > Assign Profile.See Convert to Profile.

Assorted BrushesAdditional sets of brushes available for painting and draw-ing that are shipped with Photoshop. Access the brushesthrough the Brush Preset Manager and the Brushes palette.They are nested in the main Photoshop folder and contain avariety of shapes, symbols, images and designs.

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Asynchronous I /OA Macintosh plug-in provided with Photoshop and enabledby default. If asynchronous I/O is operating for the primaryscratch disk, an “*” character will appear after the disk effi-ciency value. The plug-in improves Photoshop’s perform-ance and scratch disk usage on Power Macintosh computersthat run MacOS 7.5.1 or later with SCSI manager 4.3.1.Performance will not be affected on other systems.

Audio Annotat ion dialog box

A recording area to create a voice memo. To open it, firstclick in the image area with the Audio Annotation Tool.

Audio Annotat ion Tool

A tool for making short voice memos that is placed on theimage and appears as a small speaker icon. SeeAnnotations.

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AutoA button that is typically used as a shortcut or an automaticsetting for the command or function to which it is connect-ed.

Auto Add/Delete

A checkbox in the Pen tool Option bar that when checked apoint can be deleted while drawing a path. A point can alsobe added or deleted after the path is drawn. See also Pathsand Vectors.

Auto ColorAn Image submenu command that adjusts the contrast andcolor of an image by searching the actual image rather thanthe channels histograms for shadows, midtones, and high-lights. It neutralizes the midtones and clips the white andblack pixels based on the values set in the Auto CorrectionOptions dialog box. Choose Image > Adjustments > AutoColor.

Auto ContrastAn Image submenu command that adjust image tone with-out affecting color. See also Adjustment Layer.

Auto Erase

A checkbox option in the Pencil tool Option bar erases theforeground color to the background color while painting.The area must contain the foreground color. If it does not,the area is painted with the foreground color.

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Auto Levels

An Image submenu command that moves the Levels slidersto highlights and shadows settings automatically. It reallo-cates intermediate pixel values proportionately after defin-ing the lightest and darkest pixels in each color channel aswhite and black. It may remove or introduce colorcasts.Usually an imprecise command for other then simpleadjustments. See also Adjustment Layer.

Auto RegeneratePhotoshop and ImageReady automatically regenerate theoptimized image when the Optimized, 2-Up, or 4-Up tab atthe top of the document is clicked while in the Save for Webdialog box. This can be turned off in ImageReady to allowthe editing of the image without pausing for it to reoptimize.

Auto Select Layer

A box in the Move tool Options bar that allows an automat-ic activation of a layer item in the layers palette. It offersmore intuitive clicking and dragging because a layer does

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not have to be selected first. Simply clicking on a layercomponent in the main image will activate the layer so thatthe Move tool can be utilized on the specific layer. See alsoMove Tool and Pixel Doubling.

AutomateMechanized File menu commands that simplify such com-plex tasks as making picture packages and Web PhotoGalleries by combining them into one or more dialog boxes.Choose File > Automate. See also Conditional ModeChange, Contact Sheet, Fit Image, Multi-Page PDF to PSD,Batch, Picture Package and Web Photo Gallery.

Automatical ly Create First Snapshot A History Options from the History palette menu to auto-matically create a snapshot of the initial state of the imagewhen the document is opened.

Automatical ly Create New Snapshot

A History Options from the History palette menu to auto-matically generate a snapshot every time the document issaved.

Authorship InformationFile size, document information and other features of thecurrent image that is displayed at the bottom of the applica-tion window (Win) or document window (Mac). See alsoPreview Menu.

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Auto-sl iceA rectangular area in an image that is generated to fill thespace that is not marked out by user-slices or layer-basedslices when using the Slice tool. See also Slices andPromote to User Slice.

Average KeySee Histogram.

A V IAudio Video Interleave. The standard file format used inWindows for audio and video data, which ImageReady cre-ates and edits.

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BB componentOne of two chromatic parts in LAB Color. The color rangeis from blue to yellow. See also LAB Mode.

BackgroundAn option in the Print Preview dialog box that allows abackground color to be printed on the page outside theimage area. It is a print option only and will not affect theimage. Useful for slides printed to film recorders. ChooseFile > Print Options, then select the Show More Optionscheckbox and then from the pop-up menu directly below itselect Output. Then choose Background. Background canalso be accessed through Page Setup in the File menu.

Background ColorThe default color is white. In an alpha channel,the default background is black. New back-ground color is chosen using the Eyedroppertool, Color palette, Swatches palette or theColor Picker.

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Background Eraser Tool

A tool that erases pixels on a layer to transparency whiledragging the mouse over the area. It uses different samplingand tolerance options for transparency and the edge bound-aries. It samples the color in the center of the brush, alsocalled the hot spot, and deletes that color wherever itappears inside the brush. The tool will override the locktransparency setting in the Layers palette. Limits: A modefor eraser brush perimeters. Discontiguous erases the adja-cent pixels Contiguous erases all background areas thatcontain the sampled color. Find Edgeserases and preservesthe sharpness of the edges. Sampling: A mode to appraisethe color to be erased. Continuous erases while dragging.The Once setting will erase at the start of each drag.Background Swatch will erase the background color.Protect Foreground Color: Prevents erasing the fore-ground color when this is checked.

Background imageAny image that is open and not active. It can be viewed butcannot be edited unless it is brought to the foreground andmade active. Clicking the title bar will make it active orchoose Window and highlight the image title to bring it tothe foreground. See also Foreground image.

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Background Layer

Comparable to the base layer of a painting at the bottom ofthe stacking order. Background Layer title letters are itali-cized for quick reference. Blending modes or opacity can’tbe applied unless converted to a normal layer. Double-clickinside the background layer and then name it to convert toa layer. The title letters will then set to normal. See alsoLayers.

BandingA hard edge between one colorand the next because there arenot enough tonal steps in animage to give the impression ofcontinuous tonality. Alsoreferred to as Posterization. Seealso Gradient Editor and Dither.

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Bandwidth The data amount transmitted using a modem over a net-work. This has a great effect on the speed which data is sent.

Bas Rel iefA filter in the Sketch filters menu that alters an image toappear carved in low relief and reduces the image to theforeground and background colors. It is then lit to emphasisthe three-dimensional look.

Base colorThe original color in an image. Often associated with blend-ing mode controls. See also blend color and result color.The original color being used to apply during editing orpainting that becomes the blend color to achieve a blendingmode effect (the result color).

Base layer

1. The lowest underlined layer in a Clipping Group actingas a mask for the entire group. The name of the base layerin the group is underlined and indented thumbnails are seenin the overlying layers. See also Clipping Group. 2. TheBackground Layer.

Basel ineThe invisible line in which most type is positioned.

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Basel ine Shif tThe control from the distance that type appears from theinvisible line between type by either raising or loweringselected type to create superscripts or subscripts.

Batch

A File menu command that carries out mechanized com-mands and simplifies complex tasks through the use ofActions on a folder of files and subfolders. Choose File >Automate > Batch. See also Actions and Droplets.

Batch RenameA File Browser submenu command to rename all the files ina folder. First, make sure that no files are selected. Torename a subset of files in a folder, select the files to berenamed. Then choose Batch Rename from the FileBrowser palette menu then select from these options:Destination Folder:select to place the renamed files, eitherin the same folder or in a different folder. Click Browse toselect a different folder if Move to New Folder is selected.

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File Naming: choose elements from the pop-up menus orenter text into the fields. The specified elements and textwill be combined to create the new filename.Compatibility: select the operating systems with which therenamed files will be compatible. The current operating sys-tem is selected by default and cannot be deselected. See alsoFile Browser.

Baud RateThe rate of the modem transmission speed; Bits Per Second(BPS) can be used. Modem rates may be 28,000, 56,000,etc.

Behind ModeA blending mode specified in the Options bar that edits orpaints on the transparent part of a layer only. LockTransparency must be deselected in the Layers palette.Similar in effect to painting on an area of a sheet of trans-parent acetate. See also Blending Modes.

Bend

Creates the curve direction when warping text. See WarpText.

BetaThe testing of a software product prior to commercialrelease.

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Bevel and Emboss

A Layer Style effect that produces one of five individualedge effects and adds a mixture of highlights and shadowsto contents in the layer. The five effects are: Outer Bevel:the transparent pixels outside the layer are effected. InnerBevel: pixels inside the layer are affected. Emboss: boththe inner and outer areas of the layer are affected. PillowEmboss:creates an indentation by applying an inner beveland then attaches an outer bevel and reverses the color.Stroke Emboss:using the Stroke option this creates a bevelinside and outlined area. Technique is an option for how thebevel will appear. Smooth: used to blur the bevel. ChiselHard: adds a rigid edge and will conserve details more thanthe Smooth technique. Chisel Soft: smoothes a slightamount. Depth: increases contrast of the light and darkareas. Direction: governs which side the shadow will fall.Size: will reduce or enlarge the bevel. Soften: directs theblur amount to the bevel edges no matter what settingTechnique is set at. Angle and Altitude: defines lightingposition. See also Contour and Texture. Gloss Contour:anoption in the Shading sector that creates a glossy, metal-likeappearance or beveled edges with a chiseled edge appear-ance. See also Anti-aliased, Textures and Patterns.

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Bezier curveA method used in object-oriented programs to mathemati-cally define curves using anchor and control points setalong the curve. Created with the Pen and Vector Shapestool in Photoshop. See also Path, Pen tool, Direction Lines and Anchor Points.

Bi-cubic An interpolation method of resampling an image in a pre-cise method that yields results for smooth tonal gradations.It is the most accurate, albeit slower, way to add pixels to abitmapped image when it is resized. See also Interpolationand Image Size.

Bicubic Smoother Provides the best results for upsampling images (makingthem larger)

Bicubic Sharper Provides the best results for downsampling and image(making an image smaller).

Bil inear An interpolation method of resampling an image in a fasterprocess, although poorer quality then the Bi-cubic interpo-lation. See also Interpolation and Image Size.

Binary1.A mathematical system for computers based on the num-bers One and Zero. Electrical signals can be represented aspositive or negative electrical currents (on or off).2.An out-put option in the Print Preview dialog box that denotes themethod Photoshop will send a file to the printer. Binarycompresses and operates with a shorter code then othermethods and will work mainly with newer printers.

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B i tBinary digit. The smallest unit of information with which acomputer can work. Computers are digital devices becausethey represent all data - including images - by using num-bers or digits that are measured in bits. Each electronic sig-nal is one bit but to represent more complex numbers orimages, computers combine these signals into larger 8-bitgroups called bytes. See also CPU.

Bit depth1. The measure of the number of colors that a monitor iscapable of displaying at one time. More bits of informationper pixel measures more available and accurate color. 2.The number of tonal steps in the density of the DynamicRange that fall between the lightest and darkest values. Alsoreferred to as pixel depth or color depth. See also DynamicRange.

Bits Per SecondBPS. The rate of the modem transmission speed. Modemrates may be 28,000, 56,000, etc. Also known as Baud Rate.

BitmapAlso known as Raster. A graphic image composed of a col-lection of tiny individual dots or pixels. One of three class-es of graphic files or images that use pixels as its basicbuilding block. Monochrome images composed of onlyblack-and-white pixels are the simplest bitmapped files.Images that display many shades of color or gray need morethan one bit to define the colors. See also Raster Image andVectors.

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Bitmap ModeAn Image menucommand that useseither black orwhite to representthe pixels in animage. Output:Specifies the reso-lution for the file. Asetting of up to 300

percent of the input value works best. The Use methods arehelpful to achieve the look of the image when printing sinceprinters use tiny dots while printing. At the Use pop-upmenu choose: Diffusion Dithering to create a mezzotint-like effect. Pattern Dithering gives a distinctive patterneffect with shades of gray. 50% Threshold changes theimage to black and white. Halftone Screengives optionsfor applying a size, shape and angle of the dot pattern and afrequency setting for a smoother appearance. CustomPattern can be used with any predefined pattern from thePreset patterns. Setting a high resolution in the output boxwill help to define the image. Choose Image > Mode >Bitmap to a grayscale image. See also Halftone Screen.

BlackOne of the four process colors of CMYK. The letter K rep-resents black.

Black generat ionA technique used to create the black plate of a CMYK colorseparation for printing. See also Plate and CMYK.

Black matteAn option in the Selection Range drop-down menu in theColor Range dialog box that will display a pixel-based

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selection in color against a black background. See alsoSelections.

Black point valueThe darkest tonal assessment in an image usually set by theblack eyedropper in Levels and Curves.

Bleed

Allows printing off the edge of the paper. Paper may shiftduring printing and a bleed is helpful for avoiding thin gaps.Choose a unit value and type a number to state the width ofthe bleed in the output section of the Print Options dialogbox. Choose File > Print with Preview, then select the ShowMore Options checkbox and then from the pop-up menudirectly below it select Output. Then choose Bleed. Bleedcan also be accessed through Page Setup in the File menu.See also Print with Preview.

Blend Clipped Layers as a GroupAn option in the Advanced Blending section of the LayerStyles dialog box that when checked the bottom most layerin a clipping group will mix with the rest of the layers in thegroup when a blending mode is assigned to it. See alsoClipping Groups.

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Blend colorThe color being applied during editing or painting to a basecolor, to achieve a blending mode effect (the result color).See also Blending Modes, Base color and Result color.

Blend I f

An option in the Advanced Blending section of the LayerStyles dialog box that allows mixing colors together to aspecific isolated color channel.

Blend Interior Effects as a GroupAn option in the Advanced Blending section of the LayerStyles dialog box that when checked it will mix the effectswith the layer first and then mix with the remaining parts ofthe image.

Blend layersSee Layer Styles.

Blending ModesMenu specifications in the Layers palette and painting toolsOption bar that control how pixels in a layer or set of layersare blended with underlying pixels in the image to create arange of special effects. Depending on the active operationor tool there are up 24 Blending modes. See Result Color

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for understanding blending effects. Normal: This is thedefault mode. It edits or paints each pixel to make it theresult color. Dissolve: Paints randomly scattered opaqueand transparent pixels. Behind: Paints behind the pixels ina layer and works only in layers with Lock Transparencydeselected. Clear: Makes pixels transparent when usingany Shape tool when Create Fill Region is selected, also

when painting or editing using thepaint bucket tool, the Fill command,and the Stroke command and worksonly in layers with LockTransparency deselected. Multiply:Multiplies the base brightness colorvalues with the blending color toachieve a darker tone. Similar ineffect to combining two photo-graphic slides together and lookingat them through a light. Screen:Produces the opposite effect of themultiply mode that results in a light

tone. Similar in effect to projecting on a screen two photo-graphic slides on top of each other. Overlay: Depending onthe values of the base color will create an effect similar tothe Multiply or Screen modes. Soft Light: Darkens or light-ens the colors, depending on the blend color. Similar toOverlay mode but not as strong. Can give an effect of a dif-fused spotlight on the image. Hard Light: Darkens or light-ens the colors, depending on the blend color. Similar toOverlay mode but stronger. Painting with pure black orwhite results in pure black or white. Color Dodge:Brightens the base color to reflect the blend color. Lightercolors give stronger effects. Color Burn: Darkens the basecolor to reflect the blend color. Darker colors give strongereffect while blending with white does not produce change.Linear Burn: Looks at the color information in each chan-

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nel and darkens the base color to reflect the blend color bydecreasing the brightness. Blending with white produces nochange. Darken: Looks at the color information and selectsthe darkest color as the result color. Pixels lighter than theblend color are changed and pixels darker than the blendcolor don’t change. Linear Dodge: Looks at the colorinformation in each channel and brightens the base color toreflect the blend color by increasing the brightness.Blending with black produces no change. Lighten: Looksat the color information and selects the lightest color as theresult color. Pixels darker than the blend color are changedand pixels lighter than the blend color don’t change. PinLight: Useful for adding special effect. It replaces colorscontingent on the blend color. If the blend color (lightsource) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels darker than theblend color are replaced and pixels lighter than the blendcolor do not change. Difference: Finds the dissimilaritybetween the active layers brightness values and brightnessvalues of layers below it. It then inverts the pixels.Exclusion: Creates an effect similar to the Difference modebut lower in contrast. Blending with black produces nochange while blending with white inverts the base color val-ues. Vivid Light: Burns or dodges the colors by increasing

or decreasing the contrast, depending on the blend color.Hue: Uses the luminance and saturation of the base colorand the hue of the blend color to produce a result color.Saturation: Uses the luminance and hue of the base colorand the saturation of the blend color to create a result color.Color: Blends the hue and saturation of the active layerwith the base luminosity of the layers behind it. This modepreserves gray levels in an image and is valuable for color-ing monochrome images in a layer underneath.Luminosity: Creates an inverse effect the Color mode.

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Blending Options1.A section in the Layer Style dialog box that manages howa layer will interact with other layers through GeneralBlending and Advanced Blending. See General Blendingand Advanced Blending.2.A brush drop-down menu in theOptions bar that controls how color applied by the brushinfluences the present colors in a small portion of an image.

Bloat ToolA tool located in the Liquify command that pushespixels outward while dragging or holding themouse down with a brush.

BlurA filter in the Blur filters menu that softens the edges of theimage or selection. Choose Filter > Blur > Blur.

Blur f i l tersA command in the Filters menu for a soft, faded contrasteffect on an image or selection. Offers a selection of blrcommands:Box BlurA filter that obscures or smudges an image based on theaverage color value of neighboring pixels. Useful for creat-ing special effects. Lens BlurA filter that obscures an image in some areas and remains infocus in other areas. It gives the effect of a narrower depthof field. A separate alpha channel depth map can also beused.Lens BlurA filter that uses a depth map to determine the position ofpixels in an image and the starting point of a given smudgeor blurred look. Alpha channels and layer masks can beused to create depth maps. In an alpha channel black areas

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are treated like they’re at the front of the photo. White areasare regarded as if it is in the distance.Radial BlurA filter that obscures or smudges as if zooming or rotatingcamera to produce the soft blur. Spin blurs along concentriccircular lines. Zoom blurs radial lines, like zooming into orout of an image, Blur Center: Click inside the box to denotethe origin of the blur.Shape BlurA filter that uses a specific custom shapes to create a blur.Choose a kernel from the list of presets, and use the radiusslider to adjust its size. You can load different shapelibraries by clicking the triangle and choosing from the list.Radius determines the size of the kernel; the larger the ker-nel, the greater the blur. Smart BlurA filter for precise blur control and production. Radius: con-trols the size of the area that is searched for pixels that arenot alike. Threshold: determines how unalike pixels must bebefore they are affected. Surface BlurA filter for creating special effects and removing noise orgraininess. Radius: specifies the sampled size of the area forblurring. Threshold: directs the quantity of neighboring pix-els tonal value that diverge from the center pixel valuebefore the blur. See also Noise Reduction Filter.

Blur MoreA filter in the Blur filters menu that is similar to the BlurFilter except that it softens 4 to 5 times more on the imageor selection. Choose Filter > Blur > Blur.

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Blur ToolA tool that is used to softenthe focus and diffuse contrastin neighboring pixels of animage.

Booleans operatorsImplements located in the Optionsbar that help specify selections,paths and vector path shapes that

are difficult or impossible to create. Uses a mathematicalinteraction of two or more simple objects that are consid-ered a set that acts upon the other object. See also Add toShape Area, Subtract from Shape Area, Intersect ShapeArea and Exclude Shape Area.

Border

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1. A Select submenu command that creates a new selectionand frames the original selected area with a value setbetween 1 and 200 pixel width of the new selection. Select> Modify > Border. See also Modify. 2.An output option inthe Print Options dialog box that prints a black line aroundthe image in a width specified. Choose File > Print Options,then select the Show More Options checkbox and then fromthe pop-up menu directly below it select Output. Thenchoose Border. Border can also be accessed through PageSetup in the File menu. See also Print Preview and Stroke.

Both AxisSee Scattering and Dual Brush.

Bottom Edges1.Arranges in a line the bottom pixel on the linked layers tothe bottom pixel on the active layer or the bottom edge ofthe selection border when Aligned Linked is chosen. 2.Spaces the linked layers evenly starting from the bottompixel on each layer when Distribute Linked is chosen.

Bounding box

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1. A dotted frame that holds text or transformation func-tions. It can be adjusted by positioning the pointer over ornear a handle to resize, rotate or alter the borders of the con-tents in similar ways as the Transform submenu. Shift-draga corner to scale proportionally. It can also be accessed inthe Move tool Options bar by checking the Show BoundingBox. 2.An option in the Print Preview dialog box that addsa dotted frame around the image. Placing the cursor on oneof the four corner handles or the line around it will adjustthe printed size, unless Scale to Media is chosen. See alsoPrint with Preview, Transform and Text Frame.

B P SThe rate of the modem transmission speed. Modem ratesmay be 28,000, 56,000, etc. BPS. Also known as Baud Rate.

BrightnessThe measure or value of color as it relates to transmissiveart such as paper and film transparencies or to a monitorscreen. High values associated with light colors and lowvalues are associated with dark colors are adjusted withLevels and Curves.

Brightness Ji t terA Brushes palette option to control how the color of paintchanges with the flow of the brush. First select ColorDynamics on the left side of the palette and when clickedon it will reveal the display window of the current options.Brightness Jitter: Specifies a percentage by which theintensity of the paint can vary in a stroke. See also Brushespalette and Brush Dynamics.

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Brightness/Contrast

An Image submenu dialog box that has useful, yet restric-tive controls in setting adequate color or tonal ranges for animage. Levels provide more control especially with the useof a gamma range setting. See also Adjustment Layer.

Bring Forward/FrontA Layer menu command that controls whether a layer orlayer set appears in front of other layers. Choose Layer >Arrange > and the stacking command for the active layer. Ablack highlighted line appears when dragging the layer upin the Layers palette. Dragging a layer set into another layerset can’t be done. See also Send Back/Backward andBackground Layer.

Browse. . .See File Browser.

Brush DynamicsThe Brushes palette in Photoshop 7 provides many optionsfor adding active or changing elements to preset brush tips.The options can vary the size, color, and opacity of brushmarks over the course of a stroke. In both versions, the Pencontrols are only available only when using a pressure-sen-sitive digitizing tablet such as the Wacom tablet. ThePhotoshop 6 Brush palette contains opacity, size, fadingand color settings that can be individually set to specifica-tions that actively change over the course of a brush stroke.A drop-down menu located at the far right of the Options

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bar that stores the controls to vary painting and editingstrokes. Click and choose Fadefor each option to set a paintfade-out rate. The Stepsvalue is equal to one mark of thebrush tip. A smaller value causes the stroke to fade quickly.

Brush EditorSee Brush options.

Brush Modes

Also referred to as Painting Modes or Blending Modes. Adrop-down menu in the Brushes palette and Options bar thatcontrols how color applied by a brush will influence thepresent colors in a small portion of an image. The resultcolor is after the blend color is applied during painting tothe base color in the image. Depending on the active toolthere are up 24 paintbrush modes. Press Shift-plus (+) orShift-minus (-) to cycle through the effects of each mode.See also Blending Modes and Painting Modes.

Brush opt ions A Photoshop 6 and earlier command that creates an origi-nal elliptical brush or makes changes to an existing brush.For a New Brush click the inverted arrow next to the brushsample to display the brush pop-up palette in the Optionsbar. Then choose New Brush from the pop-up menu at theupper right side. To view the brush palette in a descriptivescene with identifying text, select Small List from themenu. To change a brush, click a brush in the Brush Optionsbar. Then set the desired options and name for the brush andclick the icon at the upper right of the dialog box to createa new brush preset. The new brush will be added at the endof the list of brushes. Diameter: The unit of measurement.Hardness: Defines the smoothness or blurriness of the

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brush with 0% being the softer quality. Spacing: A controlfor gaps and breaks in the distance between brush marks.For most work 25% is used. Angle: Sets the slant of theelliptical brush. Can be used in conjunction with Roundnessfor calligraphic effects. Roundness: Sets the overall shapeof the standard brush. For Photoshop 7 see Brushes Palette.

Brush Preset PickerA pop up palette for the paintingand editing tools. Located eitherin the Option bar (image) or

Brushes palette it provides viewing, selecting, and loadingcustom brushes. For a New Brush click the inverted arrowto open the Brushes palette’s submenu then choose NewBrush. To view the brushes palette in a descriptive scenewith identifying text, select Small List from the menu clicka brush in the display window. See also Preset Manager.

Brush shapesThe actual shape and size of the cursor tip when paint orediting tools are used. Choose Edit > Preferences > Displayand Cursors and choose Brush Size to view the actual sizeand shape of a brush while painting. Pressing the Caps Lockkey changes the brush appearance to a crosshair cursor.

Brush Strokes f i l tersFilters similar in function to the Artistic filters in that theydefine and blur similar colors to form solid colored areas.See Accented Edges, Angled Strokes, Crosshatch, DarkStrokes, Ink Outlines, Spatter, Sprayed Strokes and Sumi-e.

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Brush Tip ShapeAn option in theBrushes palette thatwhen clicked on andactive will reveal thedisplay window ofthe current brushes.To set the Brush TipShape options, firstselect Brush TipShape on the leftside of the palette.Then select the brushtip to customize andthen set the desiredoptions to create anew brush preset. Thenew brush will then

be added at the end of the list of brushes. Diameter: Theunit of measurement. Hardness: Defines the smoothness orblurriness of the brush with 0% being the softer quality.Spacing: A control for gaps and breaks in the distancebetween brush marks. For most work 25% is used. Angle:Sets the slant of the elliptical brush. Can be used in conjunc-tion with Roundness for calligraphic effects. Roundness:Sets the overall shape of the standard brush. See alsoBrushes palette.

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Brush ToolAn instrument in theToolbox that appliessoftened areas of paintthat blends with thebackground. Works likethe Pencil tool and usesthe foreground color.

Brushes paletteA rectangular window thatholds an array of assorted cur-sor sizes for painting tools,erasing tools, toning tools andfocus tools. Choose presetbrushes and design custombrushes through this palette. Todisplay the Brushes palettechoose Window > Brushes orclick the palette button on theright side of the Options bar forthe painting tools. Select anitem name on the left side of

the palette and the options for the item will appear on theright side of the palette. It is important to click the nameinstead of the check box for the option to be selected andappear. Clicking the checkbox allows toggling the option onor off. When using the Brushes palette the resulting strokeis determined by many options and characteristics. See alsothese Brushes palette options: Brush Tip Shape, ShapeDynamics, Scattering, Texture, Dual Brush, ColorDynamics, Other Dynamics, Noise, Wet Edges, Airbrush,

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Smoothing and Protect Texture. The Clear Brush Controlscommand can easily release all brush options for a tool.Choose Clear Brush Controls from the Brushes palettemenu.

Bubble- jetA thermal ink jet process originally made by Canon.

BufferA temporary memory storage area for information in a com-puter. Digital cameras use the process to allow other imagesto be made during processing.

B u gA computer term referring to a programming error thatcauses a program to behave erratic or unexpectedly andpossibly crash the computer. A small piece of computercode called a patch, will fix the bug.

Bump MapTextures from grayscale files to produce special effects inthe Lighting Effects Texture Channel option window.

BurnA computer term for recording a file unto a CD.

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Burn Tool

One of three toning tools. Darkens a specific area of animage by dragging across it. Based on traditional photogra-pher’s exposure technique for increasing the exposure todarken or shade areas on a print.

Burning- in A term for adding exposure to an image area in order toenhance density and balance tonal information.

Burnt-outA term referring to a loss of detail in the highlight portionsof an image area.

Button modeDisplays Action commands as but-tons in place of list mode. ChooseButton Mode from the Actionspalette pop-up menu.

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ByteTo represent images a computer combines electronic signalsinto larger 8-bit groups called bytes. A Kilobyte (alsoreferred to as KB) is 1,024 bytes combined. Each signal isone bit. 1,024 K is a megabyte (MB). See also Bit.

Byte orderInstructs Photoshop in the Raw Document dialog boxwhether the image comes from a Mac or a PC. See also RawDocument.

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