BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD

ASSIGNMENT - I

Dr Hanaa El Sayed Abdel Gabbar El Sayed Gomaa

BY:

ARITRA PALLAB SIL

AUD 0384

2nd Semester

MBA 3C

Basic Research Examples :

1) Determining DNA's structure was vital to our understanding of how DNA worked.

Our understanding of genetics and heredity is largely due to the studies of Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants in the 1860's, and the experiments with fruit flies by T.H. Morgan in the early 20th century. These organisms were used because it was easier to design experiments using pea plants and fruit flies than using higher forms of life.

DNA has been called the "ladder of life". Today, the double-helix structure of DNA is routinely introduced in middle school life science classes, but in the early 1950's, the structure of DNA was still being determined. Using data gathered from the previous basic research of other scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structural design of the DNA molecule in 1953.

2) Why the pursuit of new manmade elements is a worthwhile venture?

At LBNL's Advanced Light Source, x-rays are used to help us to probe into very tiny samples of materials. But our understanding of the properties of x-rays began with the fundamental experiments of Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895.

In 1931, Earnest O. Lawrence invented the first functional cyclotron, a device that would allow scientists to accelerate atomic particles to incredible speeds. Soon after, the Berkeley National Laboratory was established. Subsequent basic research at LBNL led to the discovery of many radioactive isotopes. Some of these isotopes --such as carbon-14, cobalt-60, hydrogen-3 (tritium), iodine-131, and technetium-99 -- later became vital research tools used by biologists, paleontologists, and archeologists, or as aids in the medical treatment of various diseases. Radio-isotope research at LBNL also included the creation of 15 of the so-called "heavy" (transuranic) elements. Albert Ghiorso, co-discoverer of 12 heavy elements.

3) What he learns in Formal Operational Stage, Which is the last learning stage?

Jean Paiget conducted a research on intellectual growth of all children. In this research, he gave a new theory that children learn something new in each passing stage. He said that the child’s habits get mature and fixed.

Applied Research Example :

1) Velcro has been used routinely for only the last few years or so. It was actually invented back in 1948 by Georges de Mestral. He noticed that the seeds of the cocklebur contained tiny hooks that enabled the seeds to cling to fur and clothing. He proceeded to develop a material containing similar hooks to use as a fastener. Although his product was patented in 1957, it took many years for technology to catch up so that Velcro could be mass-produced inexpensively.

2) A classic case of serendipity (chance discovery) took place in 1928. Sir Alexander Fleming was trying to find chemicals that behaved as antibiotics, substances that kill bacteria. A Penicillium mold accidentally contaminated one of his bacterial cultures. He observed that the bacteria could not grow near the mold, suggesting that the mold was producing a natural anti-bacterial agent. After years of research to isolate and purify the substance, our first true antibiotic, penicillin reached the marketplace.

3) Prior to the 1950's, vacuum tubes were used as triodes in electrical devices such as radios. In 1948, 3 researchers at AT & T's Bell Laboratories (John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley) invented the transistor, a solid state triode that would revolutionize the electronics industry. Indeed, the transistor made possible the invention of the integrated circuit (the key component in microprocessors) by Jack Kilby ten years later.