Business Process Models

8/8/2019 Business Process Models

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Business Process ModelsBusiness Process Models

- A review- A review

Dr. Pavan Kumar DamarajuDamaraju Consulting Services (DCS)

Hyderabad

[email protected]

99893 37280

94416 65577
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Process Models - ????Process Models - ????

Models should be representative, easily understood, easy to use,optimized in the level of details, and support abstraction.

A process model is not just a graphical representation, but rather itshould also serve as a communication base both for communicatingdomain details between stakeholders, and for communicating domaindetails to system designers

The ability to use a process model for communication decreases ifmodeling specialists are the only people who understand the models.

Therefore models should be representative enough to be understoodby all model users.

W h a t is a B u sin e ss Pro ce ss M o d e l?W h a t is a B u sin e ss Pro ce ss M o d e l?.in e ss p ro ce ss u sin g a co m b in a tio n o f tex t a n d g ra p h ica ln o ta tio n

, ,e cific o rd e rin g o f w ork a ctiv itie s a cro ss tim e a n d p la ce w ith a b e g in n in g a n e n d a n d cle

People employ to provide value to their Customer with a strong emphasis on how the work

.ll Business Architecture that serves as a reference for Business Analysis activities


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A Brief History of Business ProcessA Brief History of Business Process


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What does a BPM look like?What does a BPM look like?

(Client Name) Service Excellence

Department Name

(Flow Name Here)

Use blue ink toidentify process Rectangular

ICONS are usedfor activity

Identify

strengths on

green post-it

notes

Attachdocuments,

reports, etc.

Show detail

whennecessary

Quantifyopportunities,

loops, lags, etc.

Identify

opportunities on

yellow post-it noteswith red ink

Please Sign In

%

%

1

Strengths

Opportunities

11.

2.3.

Diamonds

ICONS are

used fordecision

points

Show linkages toother process flows

Use ICONS toshow the process

when possible

Different models to cater the needs of the project

IDEF methodology Swimlanemethodology Actor Based

representation


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BPM ChallengeBPM Challenge Make processes visible

Components, diagrams, The static view for

definition, validations,understanding Operations view for

insight, formanagement

Build for change Separate IT functions

from processes Processes will change

much more often

Process Execution Languages

Workflow Diagrams

Process Modification Notations

,Interrelationship between workflows Process Execution Languages and ProcessModeling

:Management Concepts

Total Quality Management

-Business Process Re engineering

.Business Proces Management Etc IT Innovations

Enterprise Resource Planning

Workflow Management

Enterprise Application Integration

/Business Intelligence Dashboard and portals


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Petri NetsPetri Nets Designed by Carl Adam Petri in 1962 as part of his doctoral thesis Initial graphical approach in problem modeling of business applications

Many researches have been done on petri nets and its usability in different domains. Petri nets graphical approach depends mostly on firing of an event PNML is the front end tool for petri nets to describe the activities and/or tasks The elements uses in petri nets are

Place TokenArcTransition

/ Notations symbols Petri net business models

.or conditions that need to be met before an action can be carried out. . ,tions in a Petri net For eg In Stochastic Petri nets Transition represents the stochasti

between place and transitions in a Petri net and determines the path that a token can ta, ( ).ri net and denoted by a small solid circle dot


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Petri NetsPetri Nets contdcontdTypes of Petri nets Because of the applicability of petri nets,

domain-specific petri nets have been

evolved. Colored Petri nets Timed-Petri netsStochastic Petri nets

Simulation Petri nets

Parallel simulation Petri nets

Advantages of Petri nets

Some of the advantages in using Petri nets for model building:Follow formal approach to model the process with the elements place, transition etcFlexibility in designing the enterprise-wide processDynamic processes model building toolEasy to interpret the resultsMinimum size in depicting the process with minimal symbolsUseful tool while depicting/designing the model for concurrent systems

Disadvantages of Petri NetsThe advantages of Petri net approach are:Models are very primitive in nature and hence will be difficult to define theThe models cannot handle efficiently the priorities of events


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UML 2.0UML 2.0

Most popular graphical approach

Designed and developed by OMG

Developed based on model based development architecture

Well suit for OO software architecture

Tailoring of UML is possible to suite the business needs

UML AD is organized with the help of following diagrams

/ .Notations symbols UML 2 0 specification business models


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UML 2.0UML 2.0 contdcontd

. ,tion to be developed Some of these components may deal with abstractness of modeling for, -For example use case diagrams or activity diagrams are useful to understand correct func

.ctors or activities These diagrams can be a subset of behavior diagrams and extend the fl

Advantages of UML ADHigh level language in designing based on Object Oriented technologyIndependent of MethodologyPortability of models from one tool to another by using XML specificationExtends E/R algorithm to programs and hence easy to interpret the design

Disadvantages of UML ADDifficult to draw the diagrams as it involves profiles, core, classes, dependencies between thDesign becomes complex if size of the project becomes large


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BPMNBPMN An attempt has been made by BPMI along with other industry partners to standardize the modeling notations

BPMN is front end tool for BPEL to depict the business characteristics

BPMN has provided the facility to modelers to design and develop the business process in order of priority ofthe activities happening

An easy tool to understand by all stakeholders in business viz., technical team and business holders andhence bridge the gap between the stakeholders in understanding of business

Easy to depict Enterprise level process diagrams using BPD methodology

Different components of BPMN

Advantages of BPMNProcess level standardProvides unified platform for all business stakeholdersEmerged as a standard after reviewing and adopting best practices from differentIntegrate with other BPML such as BPEL4WS.Can be used to represent the collaboration process in B2B model.Is useful to represent interoperable business process in an organization


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BPMNFlow and connectingBPMNFlow and connectingobjectsobjects

Event Object: Something that happens as part of the process and events can start,

intermediate and end event. Different events will be differentiated with circles withinner lining.

Activity Object: Is a generic term for pursuit of an action in a process modeled and willhave two variants, Task and Sub-process. Placing a + mark in bottom centre of theshape will denote a sub process activity box.

Gateway Object: Used to control the divergence or convergence of flow.

Event Object Gateway ObjectActivity Object

Flow objects or symbols in BPMN Notation

Sequence flow

Connection objects or symbols in BPMN Notation

AssociationMessage Flow

: .equence flow This type of connector will be used to show the order of activities to perform in a process: . .,essage flow Is used to show the flow of messages i e communication happening between two separate process par

: .ssociation Used to show the inputs or outputs in the process associated to flow objects

BPMN S i l d tif tBPMN S i l d tif t


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BPMNSwimlanes and artifactsBPMNSwimlanes and artifactsobjectsobjects

Swimlanes will be used to represent the participants in a process.

Pool: Represents a participant in process. A graphical container of set of activities of a

participant separating from other participants. Lane: A sub-partition in pool and will be beneficial in categories and organize the

activities.

.b e u sed by m od eler to p rovid e m u ch inform ation to the rea d er of B PD C an also b e u sed to a ttach inp uts an d

.ce ss an d a ctivitie s in vo lve d in b u sin ess a n d ca n also b e u sed for do cu m e n tation p u rp o se

on to the read er of B PD

LaneObject

Nam

e

Name

Name

Nam

e

Pool Object

SwimLaneobjects or symbols in BPMN Notation

Data/doc ObjectAnnotation Object

Group Object

/Artifacts symbols notations in BPMN Notation

Text Annotation allows amodeler to provide

additional informationabout the activity or

model


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Idef MethodologyIdef Methodology

Inputs: Items that trigger the activityControls: Guide or regulate the activityMechanism: Systems, People, Equipment used to perform

Output/Throughput: Results of performed activity

IDef methodology

Function Name ThroughputInputs

Controls

Mechanism

Developed by KBSI

Primarily focused on facilitating the US Air force to model the war processes

Will be very useful in capturing the knowledge intensive systems

Will uses textual and graphical representations to embodies the info

Easy to depict Enterprise level process diagrams

IDEF methodology is based on input, control, output and mechanism (ICOM procedure)

Textboxes and variants of arrows will define the relation between two boxes which they are connected

IDEF methodology will be based on child parent relationship boxes (shown in next slide)


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, , , , ,IDEFO IDEF1 IDEF1X IDEF2 IDEF3 and IDEF4 are having large , , , ,In software industry IDEF0 IDEF1X IDEF3 and IDEF4 ar

IDef MethodologyIDef Methodology ContdContd

IDEF Method Useful inIDEF0 Function ModelingIDEF1 Information ModelingIDEF1X Data ModelingIDEF2 Simulation Model DesignIDEF3 Process Description ProcedureIDEF4 -Object Oriented DesignIDEF5 Ontology Description CaptureIDEF6 Design Rationale CaptureIDEF8 User Interface ModelingIDEF9 -Scenario Driven IS DesignIDEF10 Implementation Architecture ModelingIDEF11 Information Artifact ModelingIDEF12 Organization ModelingIDEF13 Three Schema Mapping DesignIDEF14 Network Design

-An illustrative diagram of Parent Child relationship in IdefMethodology

( : ;source IDEF0 Standards document :// . . / / .http www idef com pdf idef0 pdf ) Advantages of IDEFEasy to document the business processDomain and technology independentEasy to understandEase of interpretation by business users

Disadvantages of IDEFIf one opts for optimizing the business process, may not be possible with IDEF methodologyLimitation on number of nodes per page/transactionLimitations on numbering or naming convention followed in models and will create muddle uIDEF will focus more on functional modeling rather than BPMSome of BPM tools available in Market will not support IDEF Methodology.
http://www.idef.com/pdf/idef0.pdfhttp://www.idef.com/pdf/idef0.pdfhttp://www.idef.com/pdf/idef0.pdf


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References:References: Marsan, M.A. 1990. Stochastic Petri nets: an elementary introduction. In Advances in Petri Nets 1989, G.

Rozenberg, Ed. Springer Lecture Notes In Computer Science, vol 424. Springer-Verlag New York, NewYork, NY, 1-29

Oscarsson, j., Moris, M.U. (2002), Documentation of Discrete Event Simulation models for Manufacturringsystem Life Cycle Simulation, In proceeds of 2002 Winter simulation Conference, Ed. Yucesan, E.,Chen, C. H., Snowdon, J.L., Chranes, J.M.

Haas, P.J. (2004), Stochastic Petri Nets for modeling and simulation, in proceedings of 2004 Wintersimulation conference, Ed R.G. Ingalls, M.D. Rossetti, J.S. Smith and B.A. Peters

Shen, H., Wall, B., Zaremba, M., Chen, Y., and Browne, J. (2004), Integration of business modelingmethods for enterprise information system analysis and user requirements gathering. Comput. Ind.54,3 (Aug. 2004), 307-323. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2003.07.009

White, S.A. (2004), introduction to BPMN, Object Management Group (OMG),http://www.bpmn.org/Documents?Introduction%20to %20BPMN.pdf

White, S.A. (2004 a), Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns, BP Trends, March, 2004

Wohed, P., van der Aalst, W., Dumas, M., ter Hofsted, A. & Russell, N. (2005), Pattern-based analysis ofUML activity diagrams, in Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling(ER2005), Springer, Klagenfurt, Austria.

Harmon, P., (2006), Business process Standards, Email Advisor, BP Trends, Vol. 4, No. 20.

Juhas, G.,Lehocki, F.,Lorenz, R. (2007), Semantics of Petri nets: A Comparison, Proceedings of the 2007

Winter simulation conference, ed. S.G, Henderson, B. Biller, M.-H. Hsieh, J. Shortle, J.D. Tew and R.R.Barton

Ren,C., Wang, W., Dong, J., Ding, H., Shao, B., Wang, Q. (2008), Towards a Flexible business processmodeling and Simulation Environment, in proceedings of 2008 Winter simulation conference, EdMarson, A.J., Hill, R.R., Monch, L., Rose, O., Jefferson, T., Fowler, J.W., PP. 1694-1701.

www.idef.com

www.bpmn.org

OMG, (2005), UML infrastructure specification, V.2.2, www.uml.orgorhttp://www.omg.org/technology/documents/modeling_spec_catalog.htm#UML

www.workflowpatterns.com

Thanks
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2003.07.009http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2003.07.009http://www.idef.com/http://www.bpmn.org/http://www.uml.org/http://www.uml.org/http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/modeling_spec_catalog.htm#UMLhttp://www.workflowpatterns.com/http://www.workflowpatterns.com/http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/modeling_spec_catalog.htm#UMLhttp://www.uml.org/http://www.bpmn.org/http://www.idef.com/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2003.07.009