Business Plan_Cable Car (BBA 324)

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    We are five partners, the names of the partners are- Sumailya Prosun DebChowdhury, Sheik Ismat Ara, Bazlur Rahman Khan, Md. Azharul Jalil and

    Farhana Sultana. Our company trying to provide different services to the

    society as well as for tourists, general & local people. In that time, our two

    projects are services such as Shahjalal Amusement Park in the Habiganj

    district, the Green Hill Resort in Srimangal is under construction. Now our

    company starts the Cable Car service in tourists spot of greater Sylhet

    region in Bangladesh first time. The project construction process was fully

    covered by the Access Automation Limited. While the construction process

    was going on, there were 45% Bangladeshi workers working with the

    companys worker. We sent them to Singapore Employee Development

    Organization of Cable Car system. Here they complete their training program

    and then practiced on operation of cable car system.

    The project is covered by our service is Jaflong-Sripur-Lalakhal. The totaldistance of these areas are 20.5 kilometers. The capacity of this cable carsystem is four (4) lines and sixteen (16) cabins.

    Market Segmentation can be done for this project is on the basis of income,

    life style, brand loyalty and age. Our main target people are the local peopleof Sylhet region whose income level is Tk.15, 000 and if we succeed overthe market than we try to go further.

    We have chosen the Cost-plus pricing for our service. Under Cost-plus pricing- set the price at the production cost plus a certain profit margin i.e.Production (cost + Profit = Sales).

    In this project investment is 9,00,00,000. Our entire member investment TK.

    5,00,00,000 as well as we collect some money for friends & relatives TK .1,

    00, 00,000. And we borrowed money from Bank = Tk. 3, 00, 00,000.

    We expected that our annual service charge will be the Tk. 2, 76, 48,000.And we make annual profit is 69, 12,000.

    Executive Summary

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    ORGANIZATIONAL

    BACKGROUND

    Current Status

    History

    Management Team

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    Our company follows the partnership structure and we are five (5)partners. The names of the partners are-

    Sumailya Prosun Deb Chowdhury

    Sheik Ismat Ara

    Bazlur Rahman Khan Md. Azharul Jalil &

    Farhana Sultana

    The number of employee at present is Sixty Eight (68). The annualservice charge of the project is Tk. 2,76,48,000. Currently we areproviding the cable car service in the area of Jaflong, Sripur & Lalakhal.And if we can successful in the following areas than we may expand ourservice in the other tourist spots of the greater Sylhet and other touristspots of the country. Other services of our company are ShahjalalAmusement Park in the Habiganj district, the Green Hill Resort inSrimangal is under construction.

    Current Status

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    As our company is entitled to provide services, so we are trying toprovide different services to the society as well as for tourists, general &local people that are important for them and the people can getentertained. Our company was influenced to start this type of servicerelated project from the different projects of the first world country thatprovided service to local and international people as well as to tourists.We are the company who start the Cable Car service in tourists spot ofgreater Sylhet region in Bangladesh first time. Three years ago, weprepared a report on the Cable Car project. The report includes thelocation, area, suitability of the place, how the local people know & acceptthe service etc. Than we made a final plan on the basis of the report tostart the project of Cable Car system. After made the plan we start theconstruction process. The construction process was fully covered by theAccess Automation Limited. This Company is the leading inclined liftmanufacturer of New Zealand. While the construction process was goingon, there were 45% Bangladeshi workers working with the companysworker. As there were Bangladeshi workers working in the project, theireconomic condition was increases as well as the economic condition oftheir locality were increased. While the construction was going on, werecruited and selected employees for different levels who will nextoperate the whole project of Cable Car. After selecting employees, wesent them to Singapore Employee Development Organization of Cable Carsystem. Here they complete their training program and then practiced onoperation of cable car system. The construction was completed during a 2

    years period. And we are than on the stage of starting such a largestproject of Cable Car system here in Bangladesh. We started our service on January, 2009. From 2009, we are providing service successfully. As welaunched such a different project, it creates opportunities for manyprivate-public organizations to develop the whole area that includes thedevelopment of Roads & Highways, Tree plantation, Hotel & Restaurantfacilities etc. After 6 months of our best service we realized that thehigher level people are facing some problems while riding on the cable

    History of the Sky-Skimmer Cable Car

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    car. Than we added a number of Special VIP Cabin which are wellfurnished with Crystals, Leather Chairs, Sound systems etc. We are

    providing servicecontinuously till today.

    We are five (5) members in the management team. All of the membersare quality and have a good skill in the field of managing a company.They are trained by different management skill improving academy. Thedesignations of the members are as follows-

    Chief Executive Officer

    Mr. S. P. Deb Chowdhury

    President

    Sheik Ismat Ara

    Chairman

    Md.Bazlur RahmanKhan

    Managing

    Director

    Md.Azharul Jalil

    Human Resource

    Manager

    Farhana Sultana

    Management Team

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    The short term objectives of this project is-

    o To provide better service.o To influence the local people to receive the service.o Giving advertisement to electronic & print media.o To start a fast food shop near the project.

    The long term objectives are-

    o Informing people all over the country.o Spread the service during next 5 years.o Start standard bus service from Sylhet to Jaflong.

    OBJECTIVES of the PROJECT

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    MARKETANALYSIS

    Specific Market

    Overall Market

    Macro-environmental Influence

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    Specific Market can be divided into three distinct part- Marketsegmentation, Target Market, Market Positioning.

    MARKET SEGMENTATION- The market consists of many types ofcustomers, products, and needs. The process of dividing a market intodistinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, orbehaviors, who might require separate products or marketing program iscalled Market Segmentation. Marketers have to determine whichsegments offer the best opportunities. Customers can be grouped(segmented) and served in various ways based on geographic,

    demographic, psychographic and behavioral factors.

    A market segment consists of consumers who respond in a similar way toa given set of marketing efforts. For this project we have segmented themarket on the basis of income, life style, brand loyalty and age.

    TARGET MARKET- A group of people whose needs and preferences matchthe product range of a company and to whom those products are

    Characteristics Bases of theSegmentation

    Income 10,000-20,000 & aboveLife Style middle & higher level

    Age under 40 years

    Brand loyalty Quality sensitive

    Specific Market

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    marketed. Also can be said that, A specific group of customers at which acompany aims its products and services. The beauty oftargetmarketingis that it makes the promotion, pricing and distribution of products orservices easier and more cost-effective. Target marketing provides afocus to all ofmarketing activities. Our main target people are the local

    people of Sylhet region whose income level is Tk. 15,000 and if wesucceed over the market than we try to go further.

    MARKET POSITIONING- Marketing positioning has come to mean theprocess by which marketers try to create an image or identity in theminds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Refersto the customer's perception of the place a product or brand occupies in a

    market segment. Positioning involves the differentiation of the company'soffering from the competition by making or implying a comparison interms of specific attributes. So it can be said that, Market positioningmeans the efforts to influence consumer perception of a brand or productrelative to the perception ofcompetingbrands or products. Its objective isto occupy a clear, unique, and advantageous 'position' in the consumer'smind such as 'the best cable car,' 'the most economical car,' or 'the safestcar'. And our service is quality sensitive. So we are trying to attract morecustomers by providing better service quality.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/influence.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/perception.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competing.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/brand.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/objective.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/consumer.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/economical.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/influence.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/perception.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competing.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/brand.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/objective.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/consumer.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/economical.html
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    Cable car is a new project of our company. There have no any company inthis country that provides such types of services. For that reason we haveno competitor that is known as monopoly market.

    We assume our annual service charge that is as follows-

    Per head service charge = Tk. 150Capacity per cabin = 4 personNumber of cabin = 16

    Operating hour per day = 8 hours

    Monthly Growth:

    Service charge for 2009 assumed Tk. 2, 76, 48,000

    Monthly Sales assumed

    January February March April May June20,04,000 25,10,000 26,20,000 23,05,000 19,00,000

    16,05,000

    Overall Market

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    July August September October NovemberDecember

    20,09,000 23,08,000 26,40,000 20,06,000 25,00,00028,10,000

    Rates of growth calculated-

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    25.2

    12.4

    -18.3 -17.5-15.5

    25.17

    14.88 14.9

    -24

    24.6

    12.4

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20

    30

    Service Growth Rate

    Macro-environmental Influence

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    The company and all other factors operate in a larger macro-environmentof forces that shapes opportunities and pose threats to the company.Macro-environmental influences includes economic, competitive &Government factors. Details of the factors are given here-

    Economic Influence

    The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumerpurchasing power and spending patterns. Nations vary greatly in theirlevels and distribution of income and industrial structure. Here in case ofour cable car project- purchasing power of the customer that is, are theyable to take a ride on the cable car and their intention to spend for cablecar that is, are they have willing to get pass by spending money to thecable car.

    Competitive Influence

    The competitive factor indicates the competitors of the same service inthe market. As we are the first company of Cable Car service here inBangladesh, so that we have no any competitors.

    Government Influence

    The Government factor includes the areas from where we can get supportfor different legal and ethical issues, financial support etc. We may getfinancial support from government if the project faces any problem suchas loss on service revenue.

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    OPERATIONAL PLAN

    Manufacturing Plan

    Manufacturing Plan

    Information & Communications Technology

    Plan

    Staffing Needs

    Cost Allocation Model

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    Manufacturing Plan includes the Production inputs, Supply Chainrequirements, Facility requirements, Equipment requirements, andWarehousing needs of raw materials.

    Production inputs are cables (thick wires), car (cabins), Machineries,Power Plant, Gas, Oil. We imported machineries, cables & cars fromAccess Automation Limited located in New Zealand; Jalalabad GasTransmission Ltd. provides us needed gas service; The Jamuna Oil Ltd.provides needed oils such as patrol, diesel etc.

    Supply chain management includes the backward and forward linkages.Backward linkage indicates the suppliers of the raw materials. And theforward linkage indicates the customers or people of Sylhet region as weprovide direct service.

    Facility requirements- the location that is covered by our service is Jaflong-Sripur-Lalakhal. The total distance of these areas are 20.5kilometres. The capacity of this cable car system is four (4) lines andsixteen (16) cabins.

    Equipments requirement is technologies that are computerized system,software, controlling machine, cable car software.

    Warehousing needs of raw materials are important for this system, causeif at any time there found any fault than we have to repair that fault assoon as possible to providing better service. The raw materials that wehave to stored are- cables, cars, machines.

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    Information & Communication Technology Plan covers the various systemand security needs of the cable car system---

    System needs requires ticketing system that is computerized.

    Human Resource recruiting process that includes:

    Job Analysis-

    Determining the purposes of the project Reviewing background information

    Determining representative jobs

    Collecting data for analysis

    Reviewing the data collected Preparing job description and Job satisfaction

    Job Design-

    Specifying individual tasks, Specifying methods, Combining individual tasks;

    Recruitment- Identification of job opening, Determination of job recruitments, Evaluation of alternatives, Recruitment proper, Determination of recruitment source & methods,

    Creation of pull of qualified recruits;

    Selection Process- Preliminary interview, Review of application blank, Selection test,

    Information & communication technology Plan

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    Employment, Reference & background checks, Physiological examination, Selection decision, Candidate notification.

    Customer relationship management is a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing and nurturing a companysinteractions with clients and sales prospects. It involves using technologyto organize, automate, and synchronize business processesprincipallysales activities, but also those for marketing, customer service, andtechnical support. The overall goals are to find, attract, and win newclients, nurture and retain those the company already has, entice formerclients back into the fold, and reduce the costs of marketing and client

    service.

    Security needs includes Rescue team, providing customer security,employee security. Cableways consisting of a main cable, anchors,support structures, backstays, and other equipment are subject todamage and deterioration from temperature changes, moisture, andvandalism. The integrity of the structure also may be threatened byerosion as a result of overland runoff. Because of this, cableways must becarefully monitored on a continuing basis and all defects correctedpromptly to ensure that they are safe for use.

    All cableways will be inspected annually by trained personnel. Trainedpersonnel are individuals who have successfully completed 20 or morehours of courses covering theory, components, construction, andinspection of cableways. Before using a cableway, personnel will performa visual inspection of the cableway to the extent possible. A notice mustbe posted at each field site as a reminder and guide for the visualinspection, in addition to any necessary site-specific information,including date of last inspection and maximum usable stage for mannedsystems.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_supporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_support
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    Staffing Needs requires the Duties and areas of employees, Training plan.The duties of employees are-

    o Conductor scheduled to pull a car out is to report to Dispatcher'soffice for his outfit and the outfits for conductors who aresubsequently scheduled to make reliefs on line.

    o Conductors on pull-out runs are to assist grip men in getting carout of yard on schedule.

    o Conductor will be responsible for display of proper sash signs

    before car leaves car house and terminals.

    o Inspect car to ascertain if there is a grip, a bar, horn keys and ahook properly placed.

    o Test grip to see if there are sufficient washers to prevent roughoperation.

    o When leaving car house and proceeding to the cable pick-up,grip man must NOT leave car after car has passed derail at exitof yard.

    o When descending grade to cable pick-up, grip man must operate

    slower than cable speed and with grip lever forward to full open-grip position.

    o Grip man will be responsible for display of proper roof signsbefore leaving car house and terminals.

    Training Plan includes employee training. We can train up our employeesby sending them abroad, also can be train up them inside the country byexpert public. Training courses will be developed at two levels.

    1. For all employees who use cableways.2. For those employees who perform the annual inspection.

    The training will include extensive discussions and lectures on the theory,components, construction, and inspection of cableways as well as slide orvideo presentations and field observations of potential deficiencies andinspection procedures. After train up them, we get much better

    Staffing Needs

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    performance from the employees. And as a result our service expressiongoes very high and we reached to a new roof.

    Fixed costs

    Fixed costs are business expenses that are not dependent on theactivities of the business. They tend to be time-related, such assalaries or rents being paid per month. This is in contrast to variablecosts, which are volume-related (and are paid per quantity).

    Particulars Cost (TK)

    Car 2,00,00,000

    Land 2,00,00,000

    Machine 2,00,00,000

    Building 1,00,00,000

    Cost Allocation Model

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    MARKETING PLAN

    Product Strategy

    Pricing strategy

    Promotional Strategy

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    Product strategy flashes on the features of cable car and its life-cycle. Thefeatures of Cable car is-

    o The cable car has a glass floor.o The cable car used transparent strengthened glass as the floor.o Normally each cable car can take five passengers.

    Life cycle of the Cable car service

    Most of the life cycle curves are portrayed as bell-shaped. This curve istypically divided into four stages: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, andDecline.

    Introduction stage is a period of slow sales growth as the service isintroduced in the market. Profits are non-existent because of the heavyexpenses of product introduction.

    Growth stage is period of rapid market acceptance and substantial profitinvolvement.

    As we have passed just the first year of our service operation, so we are inthe Introduction stage of the life cycle.

    Product Strategy

    Service

    Development

    Stage

    Introductio

    nGrowth Maturity Decline

    Profit

    Sales

    Time

    Sales &

    Profit

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    One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is animportant strategic issue because it is related to service positioning.Furthermore, pricing affects other marketing mix elements such asservice features, channel decisions, and promotion. Pricing Strategyinvolves pricing objectives, methods and strategy. In this project, weselected low pricing. The objectives of low pricing is-

    o Survival in the market with changing customer wants.o To make maximum current profit.o To gain maximum market share.o To maintain a stable level of profit generated from aparticular service.o Seeks to maximize the service that is provided.o Use price to signal high quality in an attempt to positionthe service as the quality leader.

    Pricing Method- To set the specific price level that achieves their pricing

    objectives, managers may make use of several pricing methods. Thesemethods include: Cost-plus pricing, Target return pricing, Value-basedpricing, Psychological pricing. We have chosen the Cost-plus pricing forour service. Under Cost-plus pricing - set the price at the production costplus a certain profit margin i.e. Production (cost + Profit = Sales).

    We have followed the Penetration strategy of pricing. Penetration pricingpursues the objective of quantity maximization by means of a low price. Itis most appropriate when:

    o Demand is expected to be highly elastic; that is, customersare price sensitive and the quantity demanded will increasesignificantly as price declines.o Large decreases in cost are expected as cumulativevolume increases.o The product is of the nature of something that can gainmass appeal fairly quickly.o There is a threat of impending competition.

    Pricing Strategy

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    As the product life-cycle progresses, there likely will be changes in thedemandcurve

    andcosts. Assuch, the pricing policy should be reevaluated over time.

    Promotional Strategy means choosing a target market and formulatingthe most appropriate promotion mix to influence it. Promotional mix ofthe cable car service involves Advertising and public relation. Our maintarget is to advertise via electronic and print media, posters, leaflets, adson billboard.

    AdvertisingAdvertising may be placed by an advertising agency on behalf of acompany or other organization. By advertising the company can provideinformation of the service and so as May able to attract more customers.It can create new customers and increase service recognition.

    Public Relations

    Public relations are a profession that includes the functions ofcommunication, community relations, customer relations, employee

    relations, government affairs, industry relations, media relations,publicity, and visitor relations. The main goal of a public relationsdepartment is to enhance a companys reputation. PR also helps thecompany to achieve its full potential. They provide feedback to thecompany from the public. This usually takes the form of researchregarding what areas the public is most happy and unhappy with. The roleof a public relations department can be seen as a reputation protector.

    Promotional Strategy

    http://www.netmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/target-market.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/promotion-mix.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/influence.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_agencyhttp://www.netmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/target-market.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/promotion-mix.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/influence.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_agency
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    FINANCIAL PLAN

    Current Financing

    Financial Forecast

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    We require a standard amount of money to invest a running purpose. Inour business we are five members. Our entire member investment sameamount of money.

    Internal source

    Name Investment Amount (Tk.)

    Sumailya Prosun DebChowdhury

    1,00,00,000

    Sheik Ismat Ara 1,00,00,000Bazlur Rahman Khan 1,00,00,000

    Azharul Jalil 1,00,00,000

    Farhana Sultana 1,00,00,000

    External Sources

    We have collected some money for friends & relatives = Tk. 1, 00, 00,000

    We have borrowed money from Bank = Tk. 3, 00, 00,000

    Current Financing

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    Great Eyes LimitedProject: Sky-Skimmer Cable Car

    Income statement

    For the year ended 31st

    December, 2009

    particulars Taka Taka Taka

    Revenue from serviceLess: Operational expenses

    SalariesGeneral expensesAdvertising expensesGas & Oil expensesRepairers

    Store supplies expensesDepreciation expenses(store

    equipment)

    18,00,000

    2,50,000

    38,00,0

    0016,36,0

    009,01,00

    06,88,00

    06,05,00

    0

    2,76,48,000

    Total operation expenses 96,80,000

    General & Administration Expenses

    Office salaries expensesInsurance expensesOffice supplies expensesRent expenses (office space)

    Deprecation:

    12,20,000

    20,00,500

    10,03,000

    Financial Forecast

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    CarLandMachineBuilding

    72,000

    15,77,750

    15,87,15025,90,0

    0010,05,0

    00General & Administration Expenses 1,10,56,0

    00Total Expenses 2,07,36,0

    00Net profit 69,12,00

    0

    Great Eyes LimitedProject: Sky-Skimmer Cable Car

    Balance SheetFor the year ended 31st December 2009

    Particulars Taka Taka TakaCurrent Assets:Cash in BankPrepaid expenses

    Store supplies (unused amount)Office supplies (unused amount)Advance Income tax

    2,00,00010,00,000

    8,50,0005,50,00021,22,50

    0Total Current Assets 1,47,22,5

    00Fixed Assets:Cable car2,00,00,000- Deprecation15,77,750

    Land2,00,00,000- Deprecation15,87,750

    Machine2,00,00,000- Deprecation

    1,84,22,250

    1,84,12,250

    1,74,10,000

    1,89,95,0

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    25,90,000

    Building1,00,00,000- Deprecation10,05,000

    00

    Total Fixed Assets 7,32,39,000

    Total Assets 8,79,62,000

    Liability & Equity SectionCurrent liability:

    Account payableNote payableSalaries payable

    1,00,0004,10,000

    50,40,000

    Total current liability 10,50,000

    Fixed liability:Bank loan 3,00,00,0

    00

    Total fixed liability 3,00,00,000Shareholder equity:CapitalRetain Earring

    5,00,00,000

    69,12,000

    Total Equity 5,69,12,000

    Total Liability & Equity 8,79,62,000

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    DECISION MAKING CRITERIA

    Accounting Rate of Return

    Accounting Rate of Return

    SWOT Analysis

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    SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternativesfrom a situation analysis. It is applicable to either the corporate level or

    the business unit level and frequently appears in marketing plans. SWOTstands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

    The following diagramshows how a SWOTanalysis fits into a

    strategic situation analysis

    Situation Analysis

    / \Internal Analysis External Analysis

    / \ / \

    Strengths Weaknesses

    Opportunities Threats

    |

    SWOT Profile

    Strengths of Cable Car Service-

    o Companys Power plant.o High quality cable.o Special VIP cabins.o Efficient managemento Entertainment facility inside the cabino Modern Technologyo Strong communication system

    SWOT Analysis

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    Weaknesses of Cable Car Services-

    o Limited weight liftingo Destruction of rollo The cable may be brokeno Supplier may provide faulty equipmentso Second-hand cable car may be provided from suppliero Limitations of raw-materials for power plant

    Opportunities of Cable Car Service-

    o Monopoly marketo Make contract with Indiao Cheap laboro Favorable legal constraintso Government subsidies

    Threats of Cable Car Service-

    o Competitiono Earthquakeo Political instabilityo High inflationo High tax & tariff

    .

    While useful for reducing a large quantity of situational factors into a

    more manageable profile, the SWOT framework has a tendency tooversimplify the situation by classifying the firm's environmental factorsinto categories in which they may not always fit. The classification ofsome factors as strengths or weaknesses, or as opportunities or threats issomewhat arbitrary. For example, a particular company culture can beeither strength or a weakness. A technological change can be a either athreat or an opportunity. Perhaps what are more important than thesuperficial classification of these factors are the firm's awareness of themand its development of a strategic plan to use them to its advantage.

    http://www.netmba.com/strategy/process/http://www.netmba.com/strategy/process/
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    1. Entrepreneurial development S.S. Khanka

    2. Human Resource Management- S. S. Khanka3. Human Resource Management- David A. Decenzo & Stephen P.

    Robbins4. Essentials of Human Resource Management- M. Omar Ali

    5. Principles of Marketing- Philip Kotler & Gary Armstrong6. Marketing Management- Philip Kotler & Kevin Lane Keller

    BIBLIOGRAPHY