Business Plan

Brief summary of Executive Summary and Business Plan

INSTRUCTIONS TO PREPARE A BUSINESS PLAN

The Business Plan is composed by three parties:

1. Executive Summary

2. Textual part

3. 5 years Financial Projections (including Breakeven Analysis and cash flow)

For each section suggestions follow. If applying to your Business take them in consideration developing your own paragraphs.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The summary is the doorway to the rest of the plan. Get it right or your target readers will go no further. Keep it short.

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SCHEME OF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (max 4 pages)

1. Location of Applicant (City, State/Province,Country) :

2. Location of Project (City, State/Province, Country) :

3. Project Description :4. Amount of Funding Requested :5. Funding Structure:6. Funding Type:7. Business Type :8. Financing Term Required:9. Usage of funds:10. Security Offered:11. Appraised Value of Security:12. Annualized Income Projection:13. Guarantees Available,if Any:14. Documents Available:

15. Full Legal Name Of Applicant:16. Corporate Status:17. Date and Place of Incorporation: (or

establishment of LLC;Etc.)18. Current Assets vs. Liabilities:19. Name, Address,Telephone,and

Telefax Numbers for Directors/Partners/Shareholders/Etc.

20. Name,Address,Telephone,and Telefax Numbers for Bank Reference(s):

21. Name,Address,Telephone,and Telefax Numbers for Accountants:

22. Name, Address,Telephone,and Telefax Numbers for Two (2) Commercial References:

22.a. Reference 1: 22.b. Reference 2:

23. Contact PartyExe

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Business Plan (Textual Part)

APPLICANT DATA (COMPLETE CAREFULLY!!!)

Company Name: Company address: Country: Kind of Company: Capital (total face value): Capital real value: Number of shares: Face Value of each share: Names of shareholders

specifying how many shares are owned by each one:

Capital to be raised in Round 1: Capital to be raised in Round 2: Capital to be raised in Round 3: Balance of capital to be raised

after Round 3: Number of Months before

reaching of Breakeven point: Annual Net (of taxes) Profit at

third year of future activity: Comments on data of this

section:

Specify the following information regarding your actual company:

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OBJECTIVES

Objectives are business goals. Companies need to set objectives and plan

to achieve them. Make sure your objectives are sure and

measurable. State specific goals.

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MISSION

The mission statement is like a business’ charter.

It should summarize your business goals, your business offering, and your target market.

What are you selling, and to whom? Why?G

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KEY TO SUCCESS

Every business has different keys to success.

These are a few key factors that make the difference between success and failure.

In a retail business, for example, location and parking might be keys to success.

Avoid listing more than three or four elements at the most. G

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COMPANY SUMMARY

Use this first paragraph to summarize the company-related information to follow in this chapter.

Be brief. Briefly explain what your company sells, through

what channels, and to whom. Think of this as writing to people who will only

read this summary, not the rest of the chapter. Gen

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COMPANY OWNERSHIP

In this paragraph, describe the ownership of the company.

Is it a corporation, publicly traded?Privately owned corporation, C or S? Is it a sole proprietorship, or a partnership?

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START-UP SUMMARY

Summarize your start-up plan. Explain an attached start-up table.Detail start-up costs.

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COMPANY SERVICES

Use this section to explain the services that your company sells.

Refer briefly to the most important needs satisfied, key product benefits, and important customer segments.

Don’t worry about repeating some information again later in the product section.G

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COMPANY LOCATION AND FACILITIES

Briefly describe offices and locations of your company, the nature and function of each one, square footage, lease arrangements, etc.

You may want to include more detail about facilities in your appendices. G

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FUNDS UTILISATION

Briefly describe how funds are utilised.

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RISKS FOR INVESTORS

Each investments has commercial, market, management, political, supplier and infrastructural risks such as

1. Commercial Risk, 2. Market Risk, 3. Management Risk, 4. Country/Government risk, 5. Supplier risk, 6. Infrastructure Risk, that Investors must know, please list them and explain how your Business reduces and manages the Investments risks. G

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RISKS OF THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

Each activity has specific risks such as 1. Completion cost 2. over-runs, 3. Start-up delays, 4. Direct competition, 5. Sales development, 6. Materials supplies, 7. Labor costs and disruptions,

Management has to face, please list them and explain how your Business reduces and manages the Risks of your specific activity. G

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SERVICES - PRODUCTS

Use this first paragraph to summarize the chapter to follow.

Emphasize the important points, such as

1. the main service(s) or product(s) and

2. the way that they address user needs.

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SERVICE – PRODUCTS DESCRIPTION

List and describe the service(s) or the product(s) your company offers.

As you do, think in terms of customers and customer needs.

How do you and your services fill the customers’ needs?

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COMPETITIVE COMPARISON

Compare your offerings to those of your competitors. Why do people buy yours instead of these others? What benefits do you offer?

1. At what price?2. To whom? 3. How does your mix compare to others.

Make a list of 1. benefits, 2. features, and 3. market groups,

comparing each element.

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SALES LITTERATURE

Include copies of

1. advertisements,

2. brochures,

3. direct mail pieces,

4. Catalogs, and

5. technical specifications.

This should be added to the appendices.

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SOURCING

Explain the costs of providing the benefits you offer, whether they be products, services, or both. – Manufacturers and assemblers should list

components and vendors. – Retailers or wholesalers should discuss their

product lines and margins. – Service providers should explain the costs of

providing the service.

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TECHNOLOGY

If applicable, what technology do you use to make your product or service?

Is this technology protected?

1. patent,

2. copyright,

3. trademark,

4. etc.

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FUTURE SERVICE - PRODUCT

Present an outlook for future services - products.

Is there a long-term Strategy? How are new services - products

established? Is there a relationship between market

segments, market demand, market needs, and service - product development?

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MARKET ANALYSIS SUMMARY

This first paragraph is a simple summary. Describe the different groups of target customers

included in your market analysis. In some major markets you may be able to include

projections of the total market, in units and dollars, plus recent market performance, and projected market growth.

In many smaller businesses you will simply define the kinds of people who will be your customers.

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MARKET SEGMENTATION

The market segmentation concept is crucial to market assessment and market strategy.

Divide the market into workable market segments—divided by

– age, – income, – service - product type, – geography, – buying patterns, – customer needs, – or other classification.

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INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

This section sets the scene for the market forecast that follows.

Produce industry information that will serve as important background material.

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INDUSTRY PARTECIPANTS

Who are the players, and how many? Is this a concentrated industry in which

there are only a few major players, or a dispersed industry in which many small companies take part.

Who are their suppliers?

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DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS

Explain how distribution works in this industry. Does it have regional distributors, as is the case

for computer products, or magazines, or auto parts?

Does it depend on direct sales to large industrial customers?

Do manufacturers support their own direct sales forces?

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COMPETITION AND BUYING PATTERNS

Explain the nature of competition in this market. What are the keys to success? What buying factors make the most difference?

– Price? – Product features? – Service? – Support? – Training?– Software? – Delivery dates? – Are brand names important?

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MAIN COMPETITORS

List the main competitors. What are the strengths and the weaknesses of each one. Consider their

1. product, 2. price, 3. distribution channels, 4. reputation, 5. management, 6. financial position, and 7. technology.

In what segments of the market do they operate?

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MARKET ANALYSIS

Use the text to describe and refer to

1. the detailed market analysis

2. that examines your total potential market,

3. focusing on different customer segments.

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STRATEGY SUMMARY

On which segments of the market will you focus, and why?

How does your business offering (including what you sell, at what price, how you sell, and where you sell) match the customer needs in your target segments?

How does this offering compare to competitors’ offerings?

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PRICING STRATEGY

Include

1. present price list,

2. discount structure, and

3. credit terms. Compare these to

1. the needs and wants of the customer, and

2. to the offerings of your competitors.

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SALES FORECAST

Use the text to summarize and highlight the Sales Forecast in a detailed sales forecast table.

Try to emphasize important points and explain assumptions to the sales forecast.

The monthly sales forecast chart and annual sales forecast chart should be drafted.

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STRATEGIC ALLIANCES

Explain

1. co-marketing,

2. co-development,

3. commission, and

4. cooperative arrangements. Is your fate tied to that of any other company? Can you link your promotion or distribution

strategies to another company in a way that improves your company’s position?

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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Use this first paragraph as a summary. Include

1. how many employees are in the company, and

2. how many members are there in the management team.

How many are founders of the company?Man

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Explain your organization structure.

If you can, include a diagram of the organization as an additional illustration in the appendices.

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MANAGEMENT TEAM

List the most important members of the management team.

Include summaries of their backgrounds and experience, using them like brief resumes.

Describe their functions with the company. M

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PERSONNEL PLAN

Prepare a personnel plan, projecting

1. employees,

2. salaries, and

3. departments. Explain

1. the plan,

2. assumptions,

3. personnel needs,

4. costs, and

5. benefits.

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FINANCIAL PLAN

Use this first section to summarize the financial plan in a few paragraphs.

How fast is the business expected to grow, and how do you intend to finance that growth?

Or are you growing slowly and producing profits?F

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IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS

Use this section to discuss important assumptions, including the assumptions covered in the attached spreadsheets.

Explain how key assumptions have affected your financial projections. F

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KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS

List the indicator values for the most important financial variables, comparing projected results to actual and past results.

Explain the projected performance in light of the past performance and specific business activities planned.F

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FIVE YEARS FINANCIAL PROJECTION

(Tables)

BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

Explain the break-even assumptions in the Break-even table from the Tables menu, and the break-even chart.

Divide your estimated annual fixed costs by your gross profit percentage to determine the amount of sales revenue you'll need to break even. For example, if Valerie's fixed costs are $6,000 per month, and her expected profit margin is 66.7%, her break-even point is $9,000 in sales revenue per month ($6,000 divided by .667). In other words, Valerie  must make $9,000 each month just to pay her fixed costs and her direct (product) costs. (This number does not include any profit, or even a salary for Valerie.)

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PROJECTED CASH FLOW

Use the text portion to explain the key elements of the pro forma cash flow, which presents projected changes in cash balances.

The cash flow chart shows month-by-month cash flow and cash balances.

Your cash flow shows where money comes from, how you're going to use it and when you'll need to get your next loan or investment.

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FIVE YEARS PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSSES

The profit and loss account is ‘a summary of the results of a business’s transactions for a period ending on the date of the balance sheet.

Use the text portion to explain the key elements of the pro forma income statement, which presents projected profits and losses.

The income statement table is called “Profit and Loss” in your Tables menu.

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PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET Use the text portion to explain projected changes in assets and liabilities. The balance amounts are shown in the Balance sheet table. The balance sheet shows the position which has been arrived at after a period’s

transactions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Assets Liabilities

Current Assets(what you have)

Current Liabilities (what you owe)

Intermediate Term Assets Intermediate Term Liabilities

Capital Assets Long Term Debt

 Equity (This is the "book

value" of what's left over after all debts are paid)

Total Assets Total Liabilities & Equity

BUSINESS RATIOS

There are two basic methods of using financial ratios. The first is by comparing the firm's ratios with those of other companies in the industry. The second method is to compare the firm's present ratios with their past performance ratios.

Use the text portion to explain the important business ratios calculated in a worksheet.

Note the key changes, and highlight the most important ratios.

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Business Ratios Samples

Profit Ratios Gross profit margin = Sales Revenue-

Cost of Goods Sold/Sales Revenue Net profit margin = Net Income/Sales

Revenue Return on total assets = Net Income

Available to Common Shareholders/Total Assets

Return on stockholders' equity = Net Income Available to Common Shareholders/Stockholders' equity

Liquidity ratios Current ratio = Current Assets/Current

Liabilities Quick ratio = (Current Assets -

Inventory)/Current LiabilitiesActivity ratios Inventory turnover = Cost of Goods

Sold/Inventory OR: = Beginning Inventory Plus Ending Inventory/2

Days sales outstanding (or Average collection period) = Accounts Receivable/(Total Sales/360)

Leverage ratios Debt to assets = Total Debt/Total Assets Debt to equity = Total Debt/Total Equity Times-covered = Profit Before Interest

and Tax/Total Interest ChargesShareholder-return ratios Total shareholder returns= Stock Price (t

+ 1) - Stock Price (t) + Sum of Annual Dividends Per Share/ Stock Price (t)

Price-earnings ratio = Market Price Per Share/Earnings Per Share

Market-to-book value = Market Price Per Share/Earnings Per Share

Dividend yield = Dividends Per Share/Market Price Per Share

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