Business Patronspansguide.com/docs/pans09.pdf · brink's canada ltd 90 br okville carriers and flatbed l.p. 80 ... kel-greg homes inc. 94 kellys luggage ltd. 112 khatter & khatter

POLICE ASSOCIATION OF NOVA SCOTIA 126

Business PatronsSPRYFIELD MASONRY LTD.ST ANDREWS PARISHST ANNE'S CHURCHST JAMES ANGLICAN CHURCHST JOSEPH’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHST JOSEPH'S CONVENTST PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCHST THERESA CONVENTST. ANDREW’S PARISHST. COLUMBA PARISHST. LEO'S & ST JOHN THE BAPTIST PARISHESST. MICHAELS PARISHST. PATRICK CATHOLIC CHURCHST. PETER’S PARISHSTANDARD DRAFTING SERVICESSTANDARD LIGHTINGSTEAM GENIE CLEANERSSTELLA MARIS PARISHSTEVE LEFORTSTEVE MORSE HEAVY TOWINGSTEVE’S 24-HR TOWINGSTEWART’S GARAGESTEWIACKE GIFT BOUTIQUESTONE’S RV & HOME CENTERSTRAIT ENGINEERING LTDSTRAITVIEW AUTOMOTIVESTUDIO 21 FINE ARTSUDS’N STUFF LAUNDROMATSUMNER PLUMBING SUPPLYSUN VALLEY MOTEL LTDSUNDIN / DR. JANSUNRISE & SALVAGESUNRISE VISION CARESUNSHINE PERSONAL HOME CARESUNTIME ENTERPRISESSUPERLINE FUELS INCSUPPLEMENT KINGSWALLOWS MACHINE SHOPSWEPCOT & J DEMEYERE PROPERTIES LTDT COADY ALARMS LTD.T O PLUMBING & HEATING LTDTARGET FOOD BROKERS LTDTARTAN BLADE BARBER SHOP

TAYLOR’S LTDTD BANK FINANCIAL GROUPTED SALMONTERRA MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LTDTERRY COLLETT PIANO TUNER-TECHTERRY SPRINKLER LTD.TERRY’S PLACETHAT’S THE LOOK HAIR STUDIOTHE FIRESIDE’S RESTAURANT & BARTHE OLD WAREHOUSE CAFETHE SUN ROOMTHE TINY TATTLER RESTAURANTTHOMAS SCOTT LUMBER LTD.TIBBETTS ELECTRICAL CONTRACTINGTIDY TAILS PET SUPPLIES & GROOMINGTIMOTHY A. REIDTRACTIONTRAMAR PRODUCTSTRAVEL UNIVERSAL VACATIONS LTD.TRI COUNTY CONST. LTD.TRI COUNTY VETERINARY SERVICES LTD.TRIDENT SERVICE BOOKKEEPINGTRIPLE S ENTERPRISES LTD.TROFELTROPHY HOUSETUDOR TILE COMPANYTULLOCH INNTURNER / DR GERALD GEORGETUTTLE COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTINGTWEED ENGINEERING SERVICESTWIN CITIES ENGRAVERSULTRA CLEAN CARPET & UPHOLSTERY CAREUNIVERSAL WOOD INDUSTRIESVALLEY MEADOWS LTD.VALLIE’S HAIR SHOPVANOOSTRUM FARM EQUIPMENT / JVANTAGE MOTORSVELOS PIZZA DONAIRS & SUBSVENUGOPAL ORTHOPEDICS INCVERNON GAUDETVICKY'S BEAUTY SALONVICTOR HAYMAN CHAINSAWSVICTORIA RIDGE HOMES LIMITEDVILLAGE EMPORIUM

VILLAGE GREEN MOTOR CAR CO. LTD.VILLAGE GROCERYVILLAGE VARIETYW ADAMS CONSTRUCTION SERVICESW. MACDONALD DIESEL MAINTENANCEWADE CORNELL VIDEOGRAPHERWAGNER REFRIGERATIONWALLACE QUARRIES LTD.WALLACE TAYLORWALLIN SCHOOL OF DANCEWAYNE GILES AUTO SALVAGEWAYNE PARTRIDGE CONST. LTD.WEALTH MANAGEMENTWEAR WELL GARMENTS CO.WEE FOLK KINDERGARTENWELLS FARGO FINANCIALWENTZELL’S BOTTLE RECYCLINGWEST PUBNICO SEAFOODWESTCOTT SERVICE CENTRE LTD.WHAT’S THE BUZZ BARBER SHOPWHITE HEAD CONSULTANTS LTD.WHITMAN INNWHYCOCOMAGH CO-OP & LIQUOR AGENCY STOREWILDCAT ENTERTAINMENTWILDLIFE CONTROLWILLIAM ALEXANDER & ASSOC LTDWILLIAM F. WHITE LTD.WILLIAM WITHERSWILLIAMS HEAVY HAULINGWILLOW HOUSE INNWILMAR ACRES LIMITEDWILSON FARMSWILSON’S HOME HARDWAREWINBRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONWONG’S TAILOR SHOPWOODLANDS PET RESORTWOODS CONCRETEWOODS WISE OUTFITTERSWOODVILLE AUTOBODY LTD.WORKSPACE BY DESIGNWORTH BROS WELDINGYARMOUTH PROFESSIONAL CTRYOUR HAIR ONLY DESIGNSYUILL CHISHOLM BARR & SOLCT.

AADD IINNDDEEXXA & A ROOFING LTD. 50A M L PAINTING LTD. 40A R B SCOTT MASONRY LTD. 78A R T S TROPHY HOUSE 74ACADIA ROOFING & CONTRACTING LTD. 60ACADIA SMALL BUSINESS 38ACADIA UNIVERSITY 28ACADIAN FISH PROCESSORS LTD 92ACUREN GROUP INC 84ADECCO 68AEL SECURITY LTD. 98ALL - WAYS EXCAVATION 80ALL MY PETS 64ALLSCO BUILDING PRODUCTS 76ALPHA CHEMICAL LTD. 74ALPINE A/C & REFRIGERATION LTD 88AMBER LITE CONSTRUCTION 54ANICOM SIGNS INC 84ARCHIBALD DRILLING & BLASTING 1986 LTD. 86ARMOUR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INC. 104ARMSTRONG AUTO SALES & SALVAGE LTD. 58ATHENS RESTAURANT CO. LTD. 80ATLANTIC AERO MARINE SUPPLY 82ATLANTIC ALARM & SOUND LTD. 106ATLANTIC DRIVER TRAINING 42ATLANTIC FUNERAL HOMES 44ATLANTIC HARDCHROME LIMITED 64ATLANTIC NEWS STAND 42ATLANTIC POLY LINERS INC. 56ATLANTIC SUPERSTORE 34AUSTIN CONTRACTING LTD 50AUTO TRIM DESIGN OF N. S. 80AUTOLOT COLLISION CTR. 46B J MACPHEE TRUCKING LTD. 52B. G. MAXX MANAGEMENT LTD. 42B. J. ELECTRIC MOTOR & CONTROL LTD. 46BANFIELD OCULAR PROSTHETICS 40BANK OF MONTREAL 8BASIL AUDIO VISUAL 94BEACH BREEZE DEVELOPEMENT LTD. 64

BEAUMONT GARAGE DOOR CO. 104BEDFORD / SACKVILLE WAL- MART 52BELL ALIANT 18BENOIT ELECTRIC 108BERGENGREN CREDIT UNION LTD. 92BERNARD H. MORASH INSURANCE 74BERNARD L. MAILMAN PROJECTS 46BEST TOYOTA INC. 106BEST WESTERN GLENGARRY 94BIO RECOVERY CANADA coverBIRD’S EYE BUILDERS LTD. 44BLACK & MCDONALD LTD. 30BLUE WATER BUSINESS DEV. CORP. 60BOMBERS CLUB 74BOND & COOLEN CONTRACTING 98BORCHERDT CONCRETE PRODUCTS 98BRENNAN'S SHUTTLE SERVICE LTD 60BRILUN CONSTRUCTION LTD. 12BRIMAC ROOFING LTD. 22BRINK'S CANADA LTD 90BROOKVILLE CARRIERS AND FLATBED L.P. 80BURCHELL MAC DOUGALL LAWYERS 82BURLOCK OPTICAL SERVICES LTD. 58BURNSIDE REALTY LTD. 22C C MAC DONALD LTD 96CABOT SHIPPING SUPPLIES LTD 96CAMBRIDGE SUITES HOTEL 108CAMPBELLVIEW ENTERPRISES 38CDN CANCER SOC NS DIV SMOKERS HELPLINE cover CANADIAN LINEN & UNIFORM SERV. 112CANADIAN SUPERIOR ENERGY INC 106CANSO CHEMICALS LTD. 94CAPE BRETON & CENTRAL N S RAILWAY 106CAPE BRETON BEVERAGES 70CAPE BRETON VICTORIA SCHOOL BOARD 28CAPITAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS LTD. 48CASA DANTE HAIRSTYLING LTD. 74CEDAR HOUSE BAKERY & RESTAURANT 48CENTRAL TILE & TERRAZZO CO LTD 48CHARM DIAMOND CENTRE 84CHATER MEAT MARKET 42

CHUCKWAGON FREIGHT INC. 38CITADEL AMATEUR BOXING CLUB 64CITADEL COINS 44CITY CENTRE ATLANTIC 26CITY PRINTERS LTD 44CLEAR CHOICE WATER SHOP 90CLEARWATER SEAFOODS 88COASTAL FINANCIAL CREDIT UNION LTD. 46COCA COLA BOTTLING LTD. 80COLLINS BARROW 12COMMISSIONAIRES NOVA SCOTIA 102COMMUNICATIONS NS ADVERTISING SVC 8COMM CREDIT UNION OF CUMB. COLCH. 38CONNORS DIESEL LTD. 50CONQUERALL ELECTRICAL 70CONRAD HURLBERT LEBLANC 68CONSEIL SCOLAIRE ACADIEN PROVINCIAL 28CORBY DISTILLERIES LTD. 62COUNTRY LIVING ESTATES SENIORS RES. 24CUSTOM SPRING & WELDING CO LTD 90D S S MARINE INC 40D. A. MACGREGOR ELECTRIC LTD. 102DARTMOUTH KENNEL SERVICES 106DAYS INNS 10DEFINITE FOOD SERVICES 66DELTA SYDNEY 16DICKINSON BROS. 34DIRECT ENERGY BUSINESS SVC 26DISMAS SOCIETY & LAVERS HOUSE 48DOOLEY’S PHARMACY 56DOUG BRAGG ENTERPRISES LTD. 108DOWNEAST COMMUNICATIONS LTD 74DR. CHERYL CONROD 62DR. DOUGLAS LEGAY 94E C ARMITAGE HARDWARE CO LTD 94E. BARNHILL TRUCKING LTD 54EAGLE NEST RECOVERY HOUSE 112EARL FRANCIS SPRYFIELD MEM. BR. #152 88EASSONS TRANSPORT LTD 100EAST SIDE FISHERIES LTD. 12EASTERN SIGN PRINT 108

EATON CORPORATION 52ELEGANT FLOORING LTD 92ELMSDALE SUBWAY LTD. 100EMBERLEY'S 90ENTERPRISE CAPE BRETON CORP. 98ESKASONI BAND COUNCIL 8ESKASONI FISH & WILDLIFE COMMISSION 18ESRI CANADA LTD 90EVANS MAC ISAAC MAC MILLAN 50F & K COMPUTER SALES & SERVICES 50FACTS ENGINEERING 68FADER AGENCIES 52FAIRLEY & STEVENS FORD LINCOLN 68FINBAR'S IRISH PUB 60FIVE STAR ROOFING & MASONRY 110FLOORSCAPES 62FORREST'S CONVENIENCE & VIDEO STORES 54FRASERWAY R V CENTRE LTD 54G M MACDONALD WELDING LTD. 98GASHA 76GEOFF REGAN MP HALIFAX WEST 60GEORGE MAC DONALD & SONS LTD. 24GERALD MITCHELL CONTRACTING LTD 14GHYSLAINE ROY, CENTURY 21 ACCLAIM LTD 68GIFFIN GROUP 40GILLIS & ASSOCIATES 54GILLIS D VENTILATION & A/C 102GIONET BOBBY PAINTING & DECORATING 70GLUBES SOUND STUDIO 108GOLD STAR REALTY 76GOOD VENTURE FISHING CO. INC. 38GORDON CHAPMAN PLUMBING & HEATING 82GREEN WAY CLAYMORE INN & ANTIGONISHCONFERENCE CTR. 82GREENHILLS DEV. SURFACE COAL MINE 78GREYTOP PROPERTY SERVICES INC 78GRIGGS ENGINEERING LTD. 66H P H MECHANICAL LTD. 58HAILEY’S APPLIANCE REPAIRS LTD. 100HALIFAX C & D RECYCLING LTD. 50HALIFAX PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES 86


HALIFAX REGIONAL FIRE & EMERGENCY 102HALTERM CONTAINER TERMINAL LTD 100HANDYMAN CONNECTION 62HARDING MEDICAL SUPPLIES 76HARRIS & ROOME SUPPLY, DIV. GRAYBARCANADA LTD 44HARRIS HOME & BUILDING CTR. 102HEFLER FOREST PRODUCTS LTD 66HIGH - CREST ENTERPRISES LTD 32HIGHLAND PULP LTD. 58HON JAMIE MUIR M L A 110HONEYWELL LTD. 50HONOURABLE MICHAEL BAKER 68HORSNELL INSURANCE 74HUSKILSON’S FUNERAL HOME 54HUSSMANN CANADA INC. 22I C T CANADA MARKETING INC 14ICI PAINTS 84IDEAL CONCRETE LTD. 82IN FOCUS OPTICAL LTD 40INSURANCE BROKERS ASSN. 6INT’L BR’HOOD ELECTRICAL WORKERS LOCAL 625 36INTERTAPE POLYMER GROUP 100INTL UNION OPERATING ENGINEERS 68IRVING EQUIPMENT 44IRVING SHIP BUILDING INC. 10ISLAND FRESH SEAFOODS 110ISLAND VIEW FAMILY RESTAURANT & BAKERY96J & H INDUSTRIES LTD 74J D UNIFORMS 82J E RAMSAY HEARING SERVICES 74J. CREEMER HOLDINGS LTD. 112J. D. IRVING LTD. 6J. DONALD SAMSON C. A. 68J. M. GIFFIN P. ENGINEERING INC. 44JAYMAR DIESEL LTD 44JENTRONICS LIMITED 42JIM'S WINDOW & DOOR SERVICE 94JOHN HAMILTON MEDICINE INC 80JOHN ROSS & SONS LTD. 36JOHN SWAINE & ASSOC 58JOHNNY ON THE SPOT 44JOHNSON INSURANCE 60K & N AUTO COMMERCIAL MARINE REPAIR 40K. CARLSEN MANUFACTURING LTD 82K. D. ROGERS WELL DRILLING LTD. 72KAULBACH HOUSE HISTORIC INN 78KEL-GREG HOMES INC. 94KELLYS LUGGAGE LTD. 112KHATTER & KHATTER BARRISTERS &SOLICITORS 4KIEL DEVELOPMENTS LTD 64KILLAM PROPERTIES INC 100KINGS REGIONAL REHAB CENTRE 68L & A ELECTRIC (A SOURCE ATLANTICCOMPANY) 86L J M ACCOUNTING SERVICES 104L. E. VEINOTTE & SONS LTD. 60LA HAVE DENTURE CLINIC LTD 84LA SHOPPE A'CAMILLE 76LAFARGE CANADA INC. 48LAPOINTE SEAFOOD INC 84LAST PORT MOTEL 54LESLIE EXCAVATING LTD. 56LIBERAL CAUCUS OFFICE 92LINDE CANADA LTD. 20LINDWOOD HOLDINGS 50LLOY’S DENTURE CLINIC 66LOGAN DRILLING GROUP INC. 62LOOK HO HO RESTAURANT 112LOUISIANA PACIFIC CANADA LTD. 98LUEDEY CONSULTANTS 4M & C AUTO SVC LTD 86M T P POWER ENTERPRISES INC 96M V OSPREY LTD 40MAC EAST 80MAC KENZIE’S TOWING & SVC CTR 84MAC LEOD GROUP 80MACAIR LTD 52MACKAY’S TRUCK & TRAILER CENTER LTD 88MADER’S ROOFING & MASONRY 14MAINLINE NEEDLE EXCHANGE 58MARINERS CENTRE 66MARITIME PAPER PRODUCTS LTD. 4MARITIME TRACTOR REPAIR LTD. 64MCLEOD SAFETY SERVICES 92MCGILLIVRAY V. J. FUNERAL HOMES 42

MEMBERTOU WELLNESS HOME 112METRO PAVING 78METRO SELF STORAGE 76MI'KMAQ GAS AND CONVENIENCE 32MI’KMAW FAMILY & CHILDREN’S SERVICES 114MIDTRAIL RESORT LTD 96MIKE MACDONALD ELECTRICAL CONTRACTING& APTS 44MILLEN FARMS LTD. 40MIME’J SEAFOODS LIMITED 52MISTY MEADOW FARMS 50MOLSON CANADA 4MONTE'S BAR & GRILL 24MORNEAU SOBECO 32MORRISON FUELS 40MUNICIPALITY OF ARGYLE 56MUNICIPALITY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY 36MUNICIPALITY OF THE COUNTY OF VICTORIA 50N D P CAUCUS OFFICE 56NS HIGHWAY WORKERS UNION CUPE LOCAL1867 102NAPOLI PIZZERIA 72NAPWICK HOLDINGS LTD. 40NATIONAL TRAILER SALES 48NEW GLASGOW POLICE 86NEW ROSS CREDIT UNION 104NIEFORTH STEEL PRODUCTS LTD. 96NORM SMITH ELECTRIC LTD. 42NORTH BAY FISHERMEN’S CO OP 106NOVA ENTERPRISES LTD. 88NOVA LEATHER LTD. 110NOVA SCOTIA FIREFIGHTERS SCHOOL 18NOVA SCOTIA LIQUOR CORP. 22NOVA SCOTIA LIQUOR CORP 62NOVA SCOTIA MI'KMAW KINA'MATNEWEY 84NS TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC WORKS 76NOVA TREE COMPANY INC. 110O' BRIENS R X PHARMA CHOICE 90O’ REGAN’S 108OFFICE INTERIORS 52OLYMPIA TILE INTERNATIONAL INC. 76ORIGINAL ROOFING & SIDING 46OUR NEIGHBOURHOOD LIVING SOCIETY 52OVER ALL COLLISION CUSTOM & RESTORATION104P & R MACLEAN'S WATER & TRUCKING CO 48P P G CANADA INC 48P&B KAULBACK BUILDING LTD 86P. A .W. ROOFING 78P. A. YEOMAN MARINE SERVICE INC. 100PAS AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR 46PAT DUNN MLA 34PELHAM ELECTRIC & REFRIGERATION 30PERRY’S AUTO BODY 110PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES 98PETRO-CANADA 114PEVERILL AND ASSOCIATES INC. 70PHIL LEIL ENTERPRISES LTD. 94PICTOU SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 20PIERCEY INVESTORS LTD. 108PITNEY BOWES CANADA 2PIVOTAL POWER 102PLENUS CONSULTANTS 104POLLETT DRUG STORES LTD. 110POLYTECH WINDOWS & DOORS 56PRINCESS CREDIT UNION LTD. 102PUBLIC SERVICE ALLIANCE OF CANADA 2R & D NICKERSON FISH PRODUCTS LTD 68R A CORKUM FUNERAL HOME 94R J F HEALTH CARE SERVICES LTD 92R K O STEEL LTD. 20R MACLEAN FORESTRY LTD 64RAINBOW MOTEL & HAMMOCKS 70REIGH’S SERVICE CTR. 84REMOTE ACCESS TECHNOLOGY INC. 72RENAISSANCE 88RIVERSIDE FUELS 86RIVERSIDE RESTAURANT 62RODD HOTELS & RESORTS 26ROGERS FURNITURE CO LTD 106ROOFING CONNECTION 76ROSE VALLEY TRUCKING EXCAVATING LTD. 56ROYAL LE PAGE ANCHOR REALTY 54ROYSONS’ FLOORING & WOODWORKING 54RX SECURITY 78S. ALLEN & SONS 72SABLE RIVER VIEW COTTAGES 70

SACKVILLE DRIVING SCHOOL 62SACKVILLE INSURANCE AGENCY INC. 60SACKVILLE RIVER ASSN RIVER WATCH PROGRAM 104SALVATORE’S 92SANDY & SONS FISHERIES LTD. 114SCANWOOD CANADA LTD 60SCOTIAMCLEOD 28SCOTSBURN DAIRY GROUP 110SEABOARD PAINTING & CONTRACTING 92SEARS CANADA 78SEAVIEW MANOR 66SEE- SAW CONSTRUCTION INC 84SENIORS FOR SENIORS 62SERVICE MASTER OF TRURO 96SEVEN SIGNS 86SHANNEX HEALTH CARE MGMT 98SHAW RESOURCES 112SHEAN CO OP LTD. 64SHELBURNE DIESEL SUPPLIES & SERVICE 96SHELBURNE MALL MERCHANTS ASSOC. 92SISTERS OF THE GOOD SHEPARD 110SKIPPER FISHERIES LTD. 14SNC LAVALIN INC 66SODEXHO CANADA 64SOURCE FOR SPACE PROPERTIES 58SOURDOUGH COUNTRY BAKERY 86SOUTH SHORE GLASS LTD. 106SOUTHWEST NOVA DISTRICT HEALTHAUTHORITY 56SOUTHSIDE FARMS C/O EYKING BROS 88SPERRY MARINE CANADA 90SPRING GARDEN PLACE 96ST. ANNE COMM & NURSING CARE CENTRE 110ST. LAWRENCE CEMENT INC. 70STAN DEMINGS & SONS FISHERIES LTD 46STANFIELD’S LTD 16STELLAR INDUSTRIAL SALES LTD. 86STELLARTON POLICE SERVICE 38STEVENS GROUP MANAGEMENT 112STEVIE CRETE FOUNDATIONS LTD. 48STIRLING FRUIT FARMS 46STONE BROTHERS PLUMBING & HEATING LTD 46STONE’S DRUG STORE LTD 70STRICTLY SALES AND SERVICES 72STUART PONTIAC BUICK LTD. 66STUDIO 177 HAIR DESIGN 66SUBWAY 100SUPERIOR FOUNDATIONS LTD 76SUPPORTIVE LIVING SOCIETY 100T & R TRUCK REPAIR LTD. 82T T L SUPPLY LTD 46TARA INN 108TATTLE TALES BOOKS TOYS & COLLECTIBLES 72TAYLOR & SILVER 102THE DRAGON BUFFET KING RESTAURANT coverTHE HEAD SHOPPE 74THE NEW PALACE CLUB 18THE SALVATION ARMY 58THE SMILING DRAGON 72THE UPS STORE 78THE VILLAGE GRILL OF INVERNESS 16THERMO CELL INDUSTRIES LTD. 72TIBBO'S ELECTRIC 64TOWN OF CANSO 102TOWN OF DIGBY 12TOWN OF KENTVILLE POLICE 38TOWN OF MULGRAVE 56TOWN OF NEW GLASGOW 82TOWN OF PORT HAWKESBURY 48TRADE CENTRE LIMITED 20TRUEFOAM 30TRURO HEIGHTS IRVING RESTAURANT 42TRURO INTERNATIONAL INC. 98TRURO VETERINARY HOSPITAL 90TWIN CITY INSULATION CONTRACTORS LTD 104ULTRAMAR HOME ENERGY 66ULTRAMAR LTD. 16UNICORN RESTORATIONS, AKA BATH FITTER 34UNITED ASSN. JOURNEYMEN PLUMBERS LOCAL56 112UNITED PLUMBERS & STEAMFITTERS LOCAL 682 90UPPER SACKVILLE AUTO BODY 108VALLEY SOD & LANDSCAPING 72VANCE HANES AUTO PARTS LTD. 52VERHAGEN DEMOLITION LTD. 58VI’S RESTAURANT LTD. 104VICTOR & DOUGLAS OICKLE BOTTLE &

ENVIRO DEPOT 88VILLAGE OF NEW MINAS 42W A LATIMER GENERAL CONTR LTD 56W B L I CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS 108W J POWER PLUMBING HEATING LTD. 72W R GRAHAM SERVICES LTD. 42W S LANGLEY CONCRETE & MATERIALS TECH. 94W. R. BOLIVAR TRANSPORT LTD. 90WACKY WHEATLEY’S T. V & STEREO 60WAL – MART 96WAL- MART 106WAL- MART 80WAL- MART ANTIGONISH 70WAL- MART BRIDGEWATER 62WAL- MART MUMFORD ROAD 38WAL- MART NEW MINAS 58WALKER'S GAS & ELECTRIC LTD. 98WATERBURY & NEWTON 112WAVES SEAFOOD & GRILL 36WEATHERFORD CANADA 82WELLS FARGO FINANCIAL 78WHYCOCOMAGH FIRST NATIONS 88WILLIAMS BROTHERS LTD. 104WILSON ELECTRONICS 70WILSON’S GAS STOP 30WILSON’S GAS STOP 106WINCHESTER DISPOSAL SERVICE 100WISDOM OF BEING 92WOLFVILLE NURSING HOMES LTD. 52WOOD - MIZER CANADA EAST 80WORLD LINK FOOD DISTRIBUTORS INC, 32X-WAVE 26YARMOUTH DEVELOPMENT CORP 54YUILLE AUTO WORKS 88ZINCK TREVOR DARTMOUTH NORTH MLA 24

PANS

2 POLICE ASSOCIATION OF NOVA SCOTIA

Pitney Bowes Canada

133 Ilsley Avenue, Unit M, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 1S9

T: 902.481.4006 . F: 902.425.3282www.pitneybowes.ca

The Public Service Alliance of Canada (PSAC)applauds the efforts of the Police Association of Nova Scotia

to educate children and inform the public about heinous crimes.

As a social justice oriented union,PSAC supports initiatives that address those who are victimized in society.

PSAC members work towards safe workplaces and safe communitiesin which we all can flourish.


1663 Brunswick St., Suite 200Halifax, NS B3J 2G3

990022..442200..11778866

Proud to supportPANS

KKhhaattttaarr && KKhhaattttaarrBBaarrrriisstteerrss && SSoolliicciittoorrss

378 Charlotte StreetSydney, Nova Scotia

B1P- 1E2

[email protected]

Serving Cape Bretonsince 1936

A Full Service Law Firm

5991 Spring Garden Rd. Suite 800Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1Y6www.luedeyconsultants.ca

Bill LuedeyVice President902 482-3642

Fax 902 [email protected]

ServicesGroup Insurance Consulting

Benefit PlansWorksite Wellness Programs

Providing Atlantic Canada WithQuality Corrugated Packaging

Since 1931

Premium White

StandardContainers

High Graphics

Full Range of ServicesCAD/CAM

Graphic DesignPackaging Analysis

DiecuttingSpecialty FoldingWax Cascading

Call Us Today At 1-800-565-5353Or Visit Our Website www.maritimepaper.com

MARITIME PAPER PRODUCTS LIMITED

We’re Packaging Innovation.


Impaired Driving 39The Responsible Host 41Blood Alcohol Limits: Canada and the World 43Groundbreaking Research on DUI Offenders 47Alcohol-Crash Stats 49Why Have Impaired Driving Charges Dropped? 51Drunk Driving Quiz 53Progress and Problems 57How Pot Affects Driving 63Ignition Interlock 65If You’ve Been Drinking, You Have Options 67

Low BAC Drivers and the Law 69Would a Lower Criminal BAC Save Lives? 75A Hard Nut to Crack 77MADD Canada:News Release 81Youth and Impaired Driving in Canada 85Rating the Provinces 91

NS Gov’t: Road Safety Campaign Launched 99Alcohol is Alcohol 101

Crime, Punishment and Safety 105Drugs and the Older Driver 111

Table of Contents

38th Annual Crime Prevention Guide

POLICE ASSOCIATION OF NOVA SCOTIAThank You from PANS 1About PANS 3Publisher’s Page 7

43rd Annual PANS Conference 9Long Service Awards 17

Traffic Study Indicates Cell Phones Still Abused 21Truro Cops Cruisin’ in Style 21Keep a Sharp Eye 23Operation Impact 23Police Training Costs Time and Money 25

Area Police Plan to Step Up Traffic Patrols 27Charlottetown Police Choir 27Heading Back to School 29Tim Hortons All Stars Farewell Tour 31

ADVERTISER’S INDEX 126

ARTICLES OF INTEREST FROM AROUND THE PROVINCE…

IMPAIRED DRIVING AWARENESS & PREVENTION INFORMATION…


To locate an insurance broker closest to you, please visit ourweb site at: www.ibans.com or for more information

please call our office:

902-876-0526

Insurance Brokers’Association of Nova Scotia

Your best insurance is an insurance broker.


From the Publisher

M a r k e t i n gS e r v i c e s ( A t l . ) L t d .

“Providing quality, professional marketing and fund raising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.”This guide was proudly assembled and published by Fenety Marketing Services, with the help and co-operation of thePolice Association of Nova Scotia.

w w w . f e n e t y . c o m

1-800-561-4422

This 38th Annual Police Association of Nova Scotia Crime Prevention Guide focuses on thetopic of Impaired Driving. Each year, PANS publishes these Crime Prevention Guides as a resultof financial contributions from both residents of the province and business owners. With theirgenerous support of our annual campaign, PANS is able to give back to their communitiesthrough donations to various local charities and youth-oriented programs, in an effort to keepour youth from experiencing the negative effects of many of the topics discussed in theseannual guides.

On behalf of PANS, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and everycontributor to our 2008 Telephone Appeal, which allowed us to publish this Crime PreventionGuide.

This unique publication is distributed free-of-charge each year to schools, libraries and publicfacilities, and it is also available online at the PANS Guide website www.pansguide.com,making it easily accessible to everyone.

Your comments or suggestions are always welcome regarding these publications, and we lookforward to speaking with you again this year during our Annual Telephone Appeal.

Sincerely,

Mark T. FenetyPresidentFenety Marketing Services


ESKASONI BANDCOUNCIL

BOX 7040ESKASONI, NOVA SCOTIA

B1W 1A1TELEPHONE: (902) 379-2800

Proud supporter of the Police Association of

Nova Scotia

Visit us at …www.bmo.com


43RD AnnualPANS Conference

From left to right: Linda Redden (Administrator PANS), EdJoyce & Joe Ross. Mr. Joyce is being presented with aphotograph of himself as one of the oldest police officers todrive a “Paddy Wagon.” Mr. Joyce & Mr. Ross are retired andattended the Conference as Honorary Guests.

Held in Coldbrook, Nova Scotia

Linda Redden (left) presenting Doris Harknesswith a dozen roses. Doris is the wife of the lateSgt. Len Harkness, who was one of the foundingmembers of PANS.

In attendance: Mr. & Mrs. Rick Blouin (Kentville PoliceService).

George Dunfee & Wilfred Andrews, Kentville Police Service.

continued...


Days Inn - DartmouthHighway 111, exit 3, 20 Highfield Park Drive, Dartmouth, NS

Phone: (902) 465-6555Fax: (902) 469-0868 Toll Free: 1-877-466-6555

• Laundry Facilities• Complimentary Local Calls• Complimentary High Speed Internet

• On-site Restaurant• Fitness Centre• Complimentary Parking

www.daysinn.ca



Bryan Morrison (MC for the event) thanking Mr. Ross for hislong standing career with PANS spanning over 50 years. Mr.Morrison is a past member of the Kentville Police Service.


Left to right: Chief Delaney Chisholm (New Glasgow),Mr. Joe Ross - Honorary Guest, Chief Bob White (Trenton).Both Chiefs are presenting a gift to Mr. Ross at hisRetirement Dinner on behalf of the members in PictouCounty.

Presentations made to Joe Ross from Paul LeBlanc (TimHortons All Stars Hockey Team) and Mark Fenety (FenetyMarketing) at Mr. Rossʼ official Retirement Dinner during the43rd Annual PANS Conference.

Left to right: Linda Redden, presenting Sgt. Wayne Flynnwith an award for his years of service in policing. Sgt.Flynn is recently retired from the Police Service.

(...continued)

continued...


EAST SIDEFISHERIES LTD.Telephone N.S. (902) 762-2170

Fax: (902) 762-2666Email: [email protected]

Main Office: Lower East Pubnico, N.S.

B0W 2A0

SEAFOOD DEALER

HERMAN LEBLANCTERRY LEBLANC

TThhee TToowwnn ooff DDiiggbbyy iiss pprroouudd ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt

PPAANNSS

LUND SELF STORAGE UNITS LTD.

645 Keltic Dr., Sydney

Ph 567-0473Ph 578-5566www.brilun.ca

Office28 Cape Court

Sydney, [email protected]

P.O. BOX 283SYDNEY, N.S. B1P 6H1Tel.: (902) 567-0473Fax: (902) 562-3673

BRIAN LUNDOwnerCell.: (902) 578-5566

[email protected]



The Board of Directors of PANS at the 43rd Annual PANS Conference presenting Mr. Joe Ross withan award for his 50 years in policing and as Executive Director of PANS.


Sgt. Kelly Oickle (Westville Police Service)making a special presentation to Mr. Ross onbehalf of the members in Westville.

Deputy Chief Eric MacNeil and Chief Delaney Chisholmpresenting a gift of “Thanks” from the members of theNew Glasgow Police Services.

Wilfred Andrews,(area director PANS)and member of theKentville PoliceService, making apresentation to Mr.Ross on behalf of themembers in Kentville.

(...continued)

continued...


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From left to right: Staff Sergeant ScottWhite (Amherst Police Service); Sgt.Wilfred Andrews (Kentville PoliceService); and Sergeants Bill Blakney,Aubrey Armsworthy & David Lepper(Amherst Police Service).This Amherst Team of golfers wereone of the winners at the AnnualPANS Conference Golf Tournament.


Members of theAmherst PoliceService

Mr. and Mrs. Ward Beck (Bridgewater Police Service)The winners of the Annual PANS Golf Tournamenthosted by the Kentville Police Association held duringthe 43rd Annual PANS Conference this year inColdbrook. Left to right: members of the Kentville PoliceService.

(...continued)


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Members of the New Glasgow Police Service receiving “Long Service Awards”for their years of service in policing.

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Local Police Officers Honoured28 LOCAL OFFICERS RECEIVE LONG-SERVICE AWARDS IN HALIFAX

By Jennifer Vardy Little

STELLARTON – It wasOct. 14, 1971. It wasn’ta day that went down inhistory, but it’s amoment in time thatinspector Hugh Muirwill never forget.

For weeks before,he’d sat in thepassenger seat of apolice cruiser, watchingand learning from anexperienced officer. Buton that day 37 yearsago, Muir sat in thedriver’s seat and headedout on the streets ofToronto by himself.

“I remember it was avery busy day – nothingreally of consequence,but it was a day of pridefor me,” Muir recalled.

“There I was, ayoung fellow from asmall town in NovaScotia, driving aroundon my own in the big

Several Pictou County officers were honoured Tuesday in Halifax by thejustice minister. Some of the 25-year award recipients include, from left,in front: Westville Police Chief Don Hussher, Stellarton Inspector HughMuir and New Glasgow Police Chief Delaney Chisholm. In the middle roware: New Glasgow Sgt. Duane Rutledge, Westville Sgt. Robert Stewart andTrenton Police Chief Bob White. In the back are: Westville Sgt. HowardDunbar, Westville Const. Robert Chisholm and Trenton Const. HughiePalmer. CNS Photo

“These inaugural awards recognize ourlongest-serving members who deserveour support and thanks for their publicservice.” Premier Rodney MacDonald

streets of Toronto. I’d driven around before, but it wasthe first time I was in charge of the vehicle and makingall the decisions and couldn’t look across the seat to asenior man or woman and ask what they’d do.”

Back then, police officers only had to be five foot 10and have a Grade 12 education. Now, of course, that’s allchanged, Muir said, where the emphasis is more onbrains than brawn.

Trenton Police Chief Bob White was one of a dyingbreed of officers who joined the police force by walkingin off the street. It’s something that would never happentoday, but previously, they’d be hired first and trainedlater.

Police work has changed over the years as well, saysthe 38-year veteran officer. Over the past few decades,scientific innovations like DNA have opened new doors,while co-operation between agencies has changed thescope of the job.

“There’s a lot more co-operation and support now,”says White. “Between departments, between children’said, victim’s services, the court – and many more. Yearsago, you didn’t share that information, like you do today.That’s what gets the job done today.”

On Tuesday, Muir and White were among 28 PictouCounty police officers to receive long-service awards at aceremony in Halifax.

“These inauguralawards recognize ourl o n g e s t - s e r v i n gmembers whodeserve our supportand thanks for theirpublic service,” said Premier Rodney MacDonald.

The provincial program recognized officers who haveserved in the province for 15 and 25 straight years.

It also represents years of dedication said NewGlasgow Police Chief Delaney Chisholm, who has 35years of service.

“It’s certainly a privilege to be honoured for longservice by the province,” said Chisholm. “You don’t getinto police with the aspiration of getting a medal – youdo it with the hope that you can help people, just makesome little difference in society.”

And the recipients are…15-YEAR RECIPIENTS:New Glasgow Police ServiceSergeant Blair BannermanSergeant Stephen Joseph ChisholmCorporal Stephen J. CurleyConstable Frederick Gordon RutledgeSergeant Kevin Thomas Scott

Stellarton Police ServiceSergeant Paul Douglas Pentz

Trenton Police ServiceConstable Bruce MacPheeSergeant Walter Smith

Westville Police ServiceConstable Kenneth Robert PaquetConstable George Arthur Phillips

25-YEAR RECIPIENTS:New Glasgow Police ServiceChief James Delaney ChisholmSergeant Joseph Anthony DiPersioDeputy Chief Eric Roy MacNeilSergeant Donald Sifton McDavidSergeant Duane Malcolm Rutledge

Stellarton Police ServiceSergeant Wayne M. Crane Chief Ambrose James HeightonInspector Hugh Robert MuirSergeant G. Wayne Pembleton

Trenton Police ServiceConstable Hughie J. PalmerSergeant John D. WalshChief Robert G. White

Westville Police ServiceConstable Robert Anthony ChisholmSergeant Howard James DunbarChief Donald Edward HussherConstable Kelly Wayne OickleSergeant Robert Wayne Stewart

“You don’t get into police work with theaspiration of getting a medal – you do it withthe hope that you can help people, justmake some little difference in society.”

New Glasgow PoliceChief Delaney Chisholm

Originally Published Friday, October 24, 2008The News


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Traffic Study IndicatesCell Phones Still Abused

By Debbi HarvieWhen the new cell phone ban came into effect

April 1, prohibiting motorists in Nova Scotia fromusing a hand held cellular device while driving,many motorists began abiding by the new law.

A recent survey on East River Road in NewGlasgow, however, indicates that four months later,people are less conscious about abiding by the law.

“The number of cell phone infractions hasincreased; it may simply be due to the fact thatpeople think they won’t get caught, they think it’snot being enforced or they have just forgottenabout the law and it is a habit, as common asturning on the stereo in the car,” says Const. KenMacDonald of New Glasgow Police Service.

The survey was conducted by summer studentsat New Glasgow Police Service.

The survey, over four days last month at a busyintersection involved one hour each day during thelunchtime rush. Students counted the number ofvehicles driving through the intersection andrecorded the number of drivers using theirhandheld cell phones while driving.

Out of a little more than 3,000 vehicles, 56people over the four days were recorded using thedevices while driving. Originally Published August 6, 2008

Pictou Advocate

Truro Cops Cruisin’ in StyleVehicles win second place in beauty contest

Truro police service’s cruisers came in second for bestlooking police vehicle in a national contest featured inBlue Line Magazine, a monthly law-enforcementpublication.

“My Assistant put the magazine on my desk Mondayand pointed out the contest,” Truro Police Chief DavidMacNeil said. “I said our new detailing on our cruiserswas just as good as the first-place winner, and myassistant agreed.”

He paused.“Then we opened the magazine and saw our vehicles

were tied for second place across Canada,” ChiefMacNeil said with a laugh.

The Truro cruiser’s white body with swooping blackand blue lines across the sides tied with the Sûreté duQuébec vehicle, and the first-place winner was the YorkRegional Police (Ontario) cruiser. The Quebec andOntario designs also incorporate bands of colour asdistinguishing marks.

“Truro was recognized for its sweeping graphic designand excellent use of a drop-shadow effect while stillmaintaining readability,” the article says.

The design was devised with help from a local signcompany, Vi-Tech Signs.

“They did a really good job on the vehicles, and we’rereally pleased with the design,” Chief MacNeil said.

By Mary Ellen MacIntyreTruro Bureau

“That’s a very high number in terms of trafficsafety,” says MacDonald.

MacDonald says the reason the law was putinto place was because cell phones have beenattributed to causing motor vehicle collisionsbecause they cause a distraction for the driver.

“The Highway Safety Research Center conductstraffic studies across North America and foundpeople using cellular devices are two times as likelyto be involved in a motor vehicle collision thansomeone not on a cell phone because it creates adistraction,” says MacDonald.

He says many people will come to a stop signand begin talking on their cells. Although the car isnot in motion, it doesn’t mean you can use yourphone at a light or stop sign.

“We encourage people to pull to the side of theroad when and where it is safe,” he says.

Under the MVA, a first offense for using ahandheld cell phone while driving is a fine in theamount of $164.50, a second offence is $222 and athird and subsequent offences are $337.


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Originally Published Friday October 24, 2008

KEEP A SHARP EYEAllan Paquet, right, senior analyst for theBank of Canada, holds two Canadian $20notes, one counterfeit and the otherlegitimate. Heading into the Christmasshopping season, Paquet said the bank isadvising consumers and retailers to beaware of counterfeiting and the securityfeatures on modern Canadian currency. Atleft is Const. Ken MacDonald of the NewGlasgow Police Service. MacDonald saidmore than $1,000 in fake cash wasintercepted by local police last year, mostlyin small denominations of $20 or less.However, Paquet said with counterfeiting,the denominations change from year toyear. Sean Kelly – The News

The Advocate, Wednesday,October 15, 2008

New Glasgow Police Service’s traffic unitwere out in full force Thanksgiving weekendmaking sure the holiday weekend was assafe as possible. Operation Impact beganFriday morning and continued throughout the weekend at six different locations and will continue throughthe month of October, reminding people to wear their seat belts and drive safe. From left are Const. ChrisPitts and Sgt. Kevin Scott checking the inspection sticker and plates while Const. Ken MacDonald greets acar on the opposite side of the road. Over the weekend, New Glasgow police charged eight people withseat bet infractions, four with speeding, three for not having motor vehicle inspections, two for drivingunregistered vehicles and two for smoking in a vehicle with a child (under the Smoke Free Places Act).

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POLICE TRAINING COSTSTIME AND MONEY

By Frank Zakem commentaryI am old enough to remember that in order to get

hired on the city police force, you had to be over 200pounds, be a good hockey player and have a connectionat City Hall.

Thankfully things have changed over the years.Policing has become an important profession thatrequires unique qualifications of those desiring to enterthe field. When I was elected to city council in 1964,training for police officers in the region was inadequate.Police officers were often trained on the job or throughshort courses arranged by their departments.

At the annual meeting of the Maritime ProvincesChamber of Commerce in Charlottetown in June of 1970,the chief of police for te City of Chatham, N.B., DanAllan, put forward a resolution asking that support begiven to establish formal training for police officers in theregion.

I represented the city at the chamber meeting and Ibecame very interested and excited with Chief Allan’sresolution and the support the chamber gave. I was chairof the police committee at the time. Chief Sterns Websterand I were quite anxious to provide our police someformal training.

I joined Holland Collegein 1970 to set up thebusiness administrationprogram. Chief Webster andI approached Dr. Glendenning and discussed policetraining and Chief Allan’s resolution. We invited ChiefAllan to the college to discuss his vision, an advisorycommittee of the police was established, and an analysisof the skills required for municipal policing wereidentified.

The college moved quickly. It hired W.J.R (Mac)MacDonald who was able to professionally put togethera one-year program. In february 1971, The First 15students, including three females, began their training inthe new police technology program at Holland College.

The police program went through a lot of ‘growingpains’ but eventually became the Atlantic PoliceAcademy funded by the four provinces and is nowrecognized by the Canadian Association of Chiefs ofPolice and the Canadian Professional Police Association.

I was prompted to write this letter when I read thatthe Charlottetown Police Report identified that the policerequired more training. If you read the courses requiredfor the current cadet program you will find the followingoutline:

•Police vehicle operation and speed measurementdevices.

•Police reporting systems and computer literacy.•Occupational safety for police.•Intervention and use of force: restraints and

intermediate weapons.•Judgmental use of force simulation training.•Police firearm proficiency and tactical training.•Police physical abilities development.•On the job training workplace experience program.•Law; criminal code and Federal Statues 1 and 2.•Principals of traffic services.

•Psychology: Police applied social sciences.•Sociology: Police applied social sciences and

community based policing.•Criminal investigations 1 and 2.

This seems like a very comprehensive program andshould produce a good qualified police officer. I couldbe wrong, but the problem, as I see it, is that this is onlya 25-week program and 10 of those weeks are on-the-jobtraining. That leaves 15 weeks for all the other courses.There is no way you can do justice to the profession in25 weeks.

My recollection is that our first cadet program was aone-year program. Even that was too short 37 years ago.With more complex problems in our society such as drugproblems, family breakdown and disputes, sensitivity toour diverse population and the importance ofcommunications between the police and the public, onewould think that the 25 week program for police trainingwould be far from adequate.

One of the big problems is the cost of training. Itcosts $16,250 tuition. Add on room and board and thetotal comes to almost $25,000. Double the time of the

training and you can almostdouble the cost of training.

Next to our family, churchand school, the policeprofession will likely have the

most impact on our daily lives. We owe it to our citizensto have a well-trained proficient police department andwe owe it to our police to ensure they have theopportunity to keep up and improve their skills.

It’s time to think outside the box to see how the 25-week cadet program can be expanded to allow thecadets more time to cover their courses. At the same timethere should be, if it is not already in place, an in-houserefresher course to help our police to keep abreast of thelatest advances in the police field.

Frank Zakem is a former Mayor of Charlottetown.

Originally Published Tuesday,March 31, 2009 The Guardian

Next to our family, church and school, thepolice profession will likely have the most impact

on our daily lives

I D.A.R.E. youConstable GaryClow accepts adonation fromBlair Cutcliff,Charlottetown Y’sMen’s Club. TheY’s Men’s Clubmade a $2000donation towardsthe Drug AbuseR e s i s t a n c eE d u c a t i o n( D . A . R . E . )program forelementary schoolGrade 6 students.


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Area police plan to step uptraffic patrols as students head

back to schoolNew Glasgow – While dropping your child off at school

next week don’t be surprised if you get a tap on yourwindow by a man or woman in uniform.

With the start of the school year comes an increase in thenumber of pedestrians and vehicles on the road

You may notice over the next couple weeks an increasein police presence in and around schools. Extra police willbe assigned to monitor school zones, handing out tickets tomotorists who fail to yield to school buses and crosswalks.

It is all part of the launch of New Glasgow PoliceService’s Operation School Zone Safety.

“The safety of students returning to school is our toppriority this time of year,” says New Glasgow police officerConst. Ken MacDonald.

“The public hasn’t seen a school bus in two months, sothere is bound to be some violations.”

In fact, a 2006 study by Nova Scotia Safety Councilrevealed 401 incidents where a motorist passed a busillegally over a 10 day-period.

“That’s a huge number,” says MacDonald.Under the Motor Vehicle Act, failing to stop for flashing

red school bus has a first offence fine of $394.50, whichincreases to $682 for the second offence and $1,257 for thethird and subsequent offenses.

There’s a $279.50 fine for motorists found to exceed the50 kilometer speed limit through a school zone.

“The probability of an accident happening sharplyincreases with the start of the school,” says MacDonald. “Sobe on the lookout and pay closer attention when in areaspopulated by students.”

By Sarah ReganThe News

Fast facts about back to school trafficNumber of bus runs a day in Nova Scotia: . . . . . 4,447

Number of students transported daily: . . . . . . . . 95,969

Kilometers traveled daily: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,348(close to 30 million annually)

Source – Nova Scotia Safety Council

Const. Graham Purviswill be among officersassigned to monitorschool zones next week,issuing tickets tomotorists who fail toyield to school buses.

As originally publishedAugust, 2008

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HEADING BACK TO SCHOOLBy Sarah ReganThe News

New Glasgow - Students at North NovaEducation Centre will notice a new addition to theircommunity as they make their way back to classtoday.

A police officer has been assigned to the highschool full time. Const. Rebecca Heighton, who hasserved with the New Glasgow Police Service for thepast two years, is the new school resource officer.

Heighton’s job is to educate, mentor, counsel andadvise students on police-related matters. She willalso coach the girl’s hockey team and assist inintramural sports.

“I’m really excited to start,” says Heighton. “I gotto have lunch with a few of the students yesterdayand got the impression from them they are lookingforward to having an officer around to answer anylaw related questions they may have.”

Heighton’s first day will be today. She will beintroduced to faculty and staff during an assemblyFriday.

She will also work as a resource officer for thefeeder school at New Glasgow Junior High and theAdult High School.

“Rebecca is actually a perfect fit for this position,”says Con st. Ken MacDonald, New Glasgow PoliceService. “She is eager to work with youth, which iswhy she was chosen.”

Heighton is the ‘first police officer in PictouCounty to be assigned to work at a school full time.

Funding for her position came from theDepartment of Justice’s commitment to put at leastone police officer in all municipalities as part of theBoots to the Streets program.

“Const. Heighton is going to be very much a partof our school,” says principal Eileen English. “Ithink it will give students a chance see a policeofficer in a different light. Plus, maybe she can helpwhen we have parking issues.”

Const. RebeccaHeighton is the newschool resourceofficer at North NovaEducation Centre. Sheis the first officer inPictou County to beappointed to a schoolfull time.

In preparation for the start of the school year,RCMP have assigned part time school liaisonofficers to each of the 13 schools policed bythe RCMP within Pictou County and the Townof Pictou. The 18 RCMP members, includingtwo DARE officers, will work to strengthen therelationship between police and youth.


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Tim Hortons All Starsvs.

PANS All StarsFor fifteen years, the Tim Hortons All Stars have toured communities across the

Atlantic provinces to play exhibition hockey games against local police departments,raising funds for the police association’s activities and local charities. Sadly, they

decided to hang up their skates, so this past season was their Farewell Tour.

PANS would like to sincerely thank the Tim Hortons All Stars for the opportunity ofassembling their own All Star team to battle the Tim Hortons All Stars on a number of

occasions over the past 13 years, and helping PANS to raise over $300,000 forcommunities across Nova Scotia!

Some of the charities that have benefitted from these games are…

Annapolis Valley M.A.D.D. ChapterCanadian Cancer Society

Canadian Diabetes AssociationCanadian Heart and Stroke FoundationCanadian National Institute for the Blind

Canadian Paraplegic AssociationCape Breton Transition HouseChildren’s Wish Foundation

Colchester Community Workshop FoundationColchester Ground Search & Rescue

D.A.R.E. ProgramEastern Kings on the Move Youth Program

Feed Nova ScotiaFidelis House

Kings County SPCAPaediatric Unit Cape Breton Regional HospitalPalliative Care Unit of the Aberdeen Hospital

Pictou County Food BankPictou County Fuel Fund

Queen Elizabeth Hospital FoundationSalvation Army

Snap Buckle & Drive Car Seat Safety ProgramTearman House

Tim Horton Children’s FoundationTruro Figure Skating Club

Victoria Park Outdoor Swimming Pool Fund

THANK YOU, Tim Hortons All Stars, for making this all possible!


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Best wishes for another successful year!

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The 11th Annual Benefit Game in Wolfville on January 22, 2009raised over $7,000, allowing PANS to make generous contributions to such

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The 10th Annual Benefit Hockey Game in New Glasgowon February 4, 2009 raised over $6,000 in proceeds,

enabling PANS to give a generous contributions to the

Salvation Army, Pictou County Fuel Fund and the

Tim Horton Children's Foundation.

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The 13th Annual Benefit Game in Halifax on March 25, 2009,was another tremendous success with over $12,500 in proceeds raised,

allowing PANS to donate $4,000 to Feed Nova Scotia, whose immediategoal is to respond to people’s hunger,

and $1,000 to the Tim Horton Children’s Foundation.


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Impaired DrivingThe Facts:Impaired driving contributes significantly to injury and loss of life. It is a leading criminal cause of death in Canada.Over 34% of motor vehicle fatalities involve alcohol. Direct and indirect costs of alcohol-related crashes in Canadaare estimated to be $7.52 billion annually.

The operation of any motorized vehicle in Canada legally requires the driver have a blood alcohol concentrationunder the legal limit of .08 %. Results of a MADD Canada survey showed that 78% of Canadians personally haveknown someone who has driven a vehicle when they thought they were over the legal limit and 4 out of 10Canadians acknowledge that they have driven a vehicle when they believe that they were legally impaired.

That Was An Expensive Drink! (penalties and fines)Impaired driving can not only have deadly effects and cause suffering of individuals and their families, but perhapsnot so well-known is the actual cost to an impaired driver who is convicted for even a first offense. The followinginformation, taken from the Ministry of Transportationís “Break The Law Pay The Price” brochure (2003), itemizesthe costs involved in an impaired driving conviction:

PUBLIC HEALTHGrey Bruce Health Unit

ITEM COSTLEGAL COSTS (estimated range) $2000 - $10000CRIMINAL CODE FINE $600Back on track PROGRAM $475LICENSE REINSTATEMENT FEE $100INCREASED INSURANCE (estimate) $9000($3000 extra per year for 3 years)IGNITION INTERLOCK $1300TOTAL MINIMUM COST* $13475(plus applicable taxes on some items)

ACTUAL COSTS MAY BE HIGHER*Other potential costs include property damage, loss of employment income and insured and uninsured medicalcosts.

Ontario leads the way in combating drinking and driving through some of the toughest laws and programs inNorth America, including:• Immediate license suspension• Stiff fines• Longer suspension periods• Mandatory alcohol education and treatment program• Vehicle impoundment• Ignition Interlock program

(taken from MTO “Break The Law Pay The Price” brochure, 2003)


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P.O. Box 100Truro, NSB2N 5B6 (902) 895-1551

71 Wright Ave.BurnsideDartmouth, N.S.B3B 1H4

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F. Morrison & Sons Ent. Ltd.Ultramar Branded Distributor

P.O. Box 31Whycocomagh,Nova Scotia B0E 3M0

Tel: (902) 756-2336Fax: (902) 756-2772

M.V. OSPREY LTD.

385 Purves StreetD.O.T. Wharf, P.O. Box 188North Sydney, N.S. Tel: (902) 794-1600Canada B2A 3M3 Fax: (902) 794-1416

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AML Painting Ltd.Sand Blasting & Spray Painting Contractors

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The Responsible HostIn May 2006, the Supreme Court of Canada passed its decision on a tragic impaired driving case: social hosts ofparties do not owe a duty of care to members of the public who may be injured by an intoxicated guestʼs conduct.In the early hours of January 1, 1999, a drunk driver crashed head-on into a car, killing a young man and seriouslyinjuring a young woman, who is now a paraplegic. The woman tried to sue the hosts of the party which the driverhad just left.

The event that led to the crash was a New Yearʼs party. However, many other occasions trigger parties — forexample, the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup. In fact, impaired driving peaks in the summer, when people drink atoutdoor terraces, festivals, golf, barbecues and other vacation activities.

Whatever the Supreme Court decides, the Canada Safety Council recommends that party hosts monitor andsupervise the service and consumption of alcohol.

If you plan to host a party, check your insurance to see if it covers any incident that may occur on (or as a result ofactions on) your property. The Canada Safety Council offers some practical advice:

1. Either donʼt drink or limit your own consumption of alcohol so you can be aware of how much your guestsare drinking.

2. Know your guests – it is much easier to track the changes in behaviour of those you know. Inviting strangersincreases risk.

3. Monitor and supervise the serving of alcohol. Designate non-drinkers to do this. A “bartender” should controlthe size and number of drinks.

4. Keep the focus off alcohol. Serve a lot of food that has protein and fat – salt encourages more drinking andsugar does not mix well with alcohol. For drinks, offer non-alcoholic choices.

5. See guests in and out. Greet all guests on arrival and departure, taking the opportunity to assess theircondition.

6. If a guest is drunk, encourage him or her to give you their car keys. Buddy up with a friend to persuade theintoxicated person to take a cab.

7. Keep the phone numbers of cab companies handy and tell the guest that a cab has been ordered. Donʼt givethe option to refuse.

8. If the guest is very drunk, keep that person with you until they have sobered or can be left with a soberresponsible person.

9. Only time will sober the person, not more fluids or food. Offering a spare bed is a good recourse.

10. If the person refuses to hand over the car keys or spend the night at your house, call the police. This mayseem drastic, but it may be the choice between an upset friend or far more tragic consequences.

Having a plan helps you prevent problems (or at least handle them in the least unpleasant way) and hopefully enjoyyour own party.

© 2006 Canada Safety Council http://www.safety-council.org

Canada Safety CouncilC A N A D A ’ S V O I C E A N D R E S O U R C E F O R S A F E T Y


JENTRONICSElectronic Components & Industrial Controls

Tel.: (902) 468-7987 • 1-800-456-6598 • Fax: (902) 468-3430 www.jentronics.ns.ca

15 Weston Court, Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 2C8

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Truro Heights IrvingRestaurant

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Norm Smith Electric LimitedBox 172Kingston, Nova ScotiaB0P 1R0Tel: 902 756-4212 Email: [email protected]: 902 765-2999


Blood Alcohol Limits: Canada and the WorldThe federal government appears set to re-enter the longstanding debate about whether to reduce the blood alcoholconcentration (BAC) for impaired driving in the Criminal Code of Canada. The permissible BAC limit in the CriminalCode is .08 (80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood).Some advocate a lower criminal limit of .05 (50milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood). They argue that Canada lags behind other countries in its fightagainst impaired driving, and should follow an international trend to legislate a .05 limit.

Traffic Code or Criminal Code

In Canada, two levels of government deal with impaired driving. The federal Criminal Code is applied at BACs of.08 and over. In addition, nine of Canadaʼs 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions impose administrative licencesuspensions on drivers whose BAC is under .08. Those drivers immediately lose their licence for four to 24 hours,longer with subsequent violations.

Driving with a BAC of .05 is not permissible under the traffic acts in most provinces and territories. The real issueis whether drivers should be criminalized if their BAC is under .08.

“The priority must be to prevent alcohol-related crashes, not just to punish drinking drivers,” says Emile Therien,president of the Canada Safety Council. “Most drivers involved in alcohol-related fatal crashes have BACs over .15.Thatʼs the group the government should focus on.”

Therien notes the absence of evidence that charging low-BAC drivers criminally would prevent more deaths andinjuries than continuing to deal with them under provincial and territorial traffic regulations.

What is the international trend?

Is there an international trend to criminalize drivers at the .05 level? In 2002 the Canada Safety Councilcommissioned a study to provide a credible, detailed analysis of how Canadaʼs blood alcohol laws compare withother developed countries. The Council wanted a legal expert to examine Canadaʼs blood alcohol limits objectivelyin the international context.

Law professor David Paciocco, from the University of Ottawa, compared Canadaʼs blood alcohol legislation withsimilar laws in countries which have similar legal and political traditions. In Canadaís Blood Alcohol Laws - anInternational Perspective he found that approaches to BAC law internationally are complex and varied. The reportwas updated in March 2006 to determine whether recent developments affect its conclusions.

“There have been changes,” says Professor Paciocco, “but they do not alter the conclusions in my original report.Countries and jurisdictions with .05 limits still tend not to use criminal law approaches, which is what Canada wouldbe doing by amending the Criminal Code.”


continued...


Woodside, Canning, NSB0P 1H0

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Toll Free: 1-800-561-2726Telephone: (709) 726-8794Direct Line: (902) 494-5877

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Atlantic Canadaʼs Leading Electrical Distributor with18 fully stocked branches including:

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CityPrinters Ltd.180 Townsend Street

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Johnny on the SpotToilet Rentals

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ELROY M. MATTATALLGENERAL MANAGER

j. m. giffin engineering inc.structural consultants

James M. Giffin, P. Eng. B. John Green, P. Eng.President Vice President

21042 Lower LaPlanche StreetBox 189, Amherst, N.S. B4H 3Z2Tel. (902) 667-3300Fax. (902) 667-9399E-Mail [email protected]


Based on his analysis, Paciocco seriously questions arguments based on trends in foreign legislation to justifychanges in Canadaʼs blood alcohol law. “If international trends are going to be used at all,” he suggests, “it wouldbe more relevant to ask if Canadaís practice of not using criminal law for drivers under .08 is in line with the trend.Definitely it is.”

Of the 77 jurisdictions examined in the report, only eight, or slightly over 10 percent, see fit to treat .05 as a crime.

Canada Already Very Strict

A comparison of potential penalties at .09 for first offenders shows Canada treats BAC offenders very harshlycompared with other countries. Canadian law allows for the highest possible maximum prison sentence - five years.The next longest possible prison sentence, even in the United States where jail is more widely used, is two years.

A first offender in Canada at .09 would likely receive the minimum sentence of a $600 fine, which is significant byinternational standards. The Canadian suspension for a first BAC offender ranks among the strictest in the world.Our Criminal Code sanctions for .09 BAC offenders are already stricter than most jurisdictions internationally.

If the Criminal Code were to simply to substitute .05 for .08, it would treat drivers and those in care and control ofmotor vehicles at that level the same as it currently treats .09 BAC offenders. That would make Canada theharshest regime among comparative nations for .05 offenders.

“Quite simply,” concludes Professor Paciocco, “if we change the .08 BAC in the Criminal Code to .05, we will notbe doing so to keep up with the international Joneses, because .05 is not the standard of criminality internationally.We will instead be joining the minority of nations who criminalize this BAC, and imposing what would be the mostonerous sentencing regime among comparative countries.”

Dealing with Lower-BAC Drivers

“It is important to send a strong message to drinking drivers with BACs below the .08 level,” says Therien. “We wantto prevent them from causing harm and prevent them from joining the high-BAC group, but this can be done veryeffectively outside the Criminal Code.”

The Canada Safety Council advocates harmonization of provincial and territorial regulations, as well as enhancedintervention programs, enforcement and public education. The Council also recommends treating administrativelicence suspensions in a similar way to traffic violations.

Therien points out that Canada is making progress in its fight against impaired driving. In 2003, road crashesinvolving a driver who had been drinking took 902 lives, down 30 percent from 1995, when 1,296 motor vehicledeaths involved a drinking driver. He says over-use of the Criminal Code could compromise the effectiveness ofregulations which have contributed to this progress.


(...Blood Alcohol Limits: Canada and the World continued)


TTL Supply Ltd.

468-5202Fax 468-2041

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• Durabla Compressed Gasket Materials,Lamons Spiral Wound, Metallic GasketsRubber, Graphite, Intertex Fully ExpandedTeflon Products

• Specializing in Custom Cut Gasket WorkContinuing the family tradition“Growing apples since 1917”

Stirling Fruit Farms (2000) Ltd.10317 Highway 1Wolfville, N.S.Office: 542-3763Email: [email protected] Farm Markets serving you:Locations:Amherst 661-2998Bible Hill 895-4956 Blue Acres 7552458Enfield 883-8023Wolfville 542-2789 Watch for our specials at: www.stirlingfruitfarms.ca

Stan Demings & SonsFisheries Ltd.RR3 Shelburne, NS

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Email: [email protected] - DOORS - DECKS - GUTTERS - EXTERIOR & INTERIOR RENOVATIONS

Bernard L. MailmanProjects Ltd.

RR 2, Bridgewater, NS B4V 2W1

Trucking • Dozer • Excavator • Backhoe • CrushingBernard Mailman, President

Ph: (902) 543-3936 Fax: (902) 543-2714


Groundbreaking Research on DUI OffendersWhile small in number, chronic drinking drivers are responsible for most of the harm caused by drunk driving in thiscountry. New discoveries point to approaches that could help these offenders change their behaviour.

For the past three years, the Addiction Research Program (ARP), a research partnership between the Douglas HospitalResearch Center, Pavillon Foster Addiction Treatment Center and McGill University in Montreal, has turned its gaze tothe problem of drunk driving. A series of studies are currently supported by the Quebec Ministry of Transport, Sociétédʼassurance automobile du Québec (Quebec Automobile Insurance and Licensing Board), Fond québécois de larecherche sur la société et culture, the Canadian Psychiatric Association Foundation and the Canada Safety Council.Preliminary findings are now starting to emerge from these initiatives and are being reviewed for publication in scientificjournals.

The Most Effective Interventions

One pilot study looked at two types of intervention intended to reduce problematic drinking among 51 offenders convictedfor driving under the influence (DUI). The impact of an ultra-brief 20 minute intervention approach, called MotivationalInterviewing (MI), was compared to that of an information control condition which provided general statistics andinformation about the risks of DUI. Participants were randomly assigned to one of these interventions. The main outcomemeasures were percentage of days when hazardous drinking occurred (six or more standard drinks in a day), scores ona questionnaire of negative consequences related to excessive drinking, and participantsʼ use of health services.

Follow-up interviews were conducted three and six months after intervention. Results at six months follow-up indicatedthat exposure to MI resulted in a significantly greater reduction in hazardous drinking and fewer visits to healthprofessionals.

These results suggest that brief, low cost interventions like MI could have benefits when provided at “golden moments”of opportunity, such as at the time of a court appearance or driving fitness evaluation of a convicted DUI offender. Thisis important because DUI offenders are notorious for re-offending and not participating in sanctioned remedial programsfollowing their conviction. A larger study is now underway to more thoroughly test the potential of MI in this population.

Why Some Re-Offend, Others Donʼt

Another study, whose results will be published in an upcoming edition of Alcohol and Alcoholism, focused onunderstanding why some individuals are at higher risk for DUI offending than others. The ARP team consisted ofexperimental and neurocognitive psychologists, neurobiologists, and endocrinologists. They posed the question: otherthan excessive alcohol drinking, what other factors could explain why some individuals repeatedly drink and drive, whileothers do not?

Approximately 200 individuals with from one to eight DUI convictions were invited to the ARP laboratory for six hours oftesting and evaluation. Along with questionnaires probing drinking and drug use habits, information was gathered abouthealth, psychosocial adjustment, family background, memory and mental functioning. Moreover, blood, urine and salivarysamples were collected to test for signs of alcohol and drug use, as well as distinct measures of biologically andgenetically determined brain activity.

This unprecedented multidisciplinary study reveals that individuals who are repeatedly arrested for drinking and drivingmay possess markers of a more biologically or genetically based form of drinking. This may be harder to control by theusual intervention methods than other forms of drinking. If this finding is supported by further study, it would suggest thatsome individuals might benefit from specially tailored intervention approaches that take this factor into account.

Thomas G. Brown, Ph.D.Director, Addiction Research ProgramAssistant Professor, Dept. of PsychiatryDouglas Hospital Research Center/McGill University




CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS GROUP /ATLANTIC DIVISION

209 Kearney Lake Road, P.O. Box 2106,Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3B7

Phone: (902) 443-0440Fax: (902) 443-4817

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Town of Port Hawkesbury

625-2746

PROUD TOSUPPORT OURLOCAL POLICE

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Alcohol-Crash StatsIn 1998, the total number of alcohol-related crash deaths nation-wide dropped below 1,000 for the first time since statistics have beenavailable. Between 1988 and 2001, Ontario drinking and driving fatalities dropped by over half, from 439 to 204.

According to Transport Canada's report The Alcohol-Crash Problem in Canada: 2000, a total of 981 people died in alcohol-relatedcrashes in 2000. This includes off-road vehicles, as well as pedestrians with alcohol in their blood.

• Out of 420 pedestrian fatalities, 38 per cent of those tested for alcohol had been drinking, and most of these had BACs over 0.08.• Almost nine out of every 10 people killed in alcohol-related collisions (87.4 per cent) were in or on the drinking driver's vehicle

(i.e. drivers/operators or passengers).• Almost nine out of every 10 drivers killed in alcohol-related collisions (87.5 per cent) were male.• Of all injured snowmobile operators who were killed, 62 per cent had been drinking, as had 49 per cent of the deceased operators

of other off-road vehicles.• Over half (56 per cent) of the drivers killed in single-vehicle crashes tested positive for alcohol, compared to only 20 per cent of

those killed in multiple-vehicle crashes.

Drinking and driving is a subset of alcohol-related crashes. In 2000, road crashes involving a driver who had been drinking killed 864people, representing almost 30 per cent of all road fatalities. This is down by one-third from 1995, when 1,296 motor vehicle deathsinvolved a drinking driver. Of the drinking-driving road fatalities, almost half (422) were drivers whose blood alcohol concentration(BAC) was over 0.08.

In contrast, the United States has seen no substantial change in drink-driving fatalities over the past few years. In 1995, traffic fatalitiesinvolving a drinking driver represented 42 per cent of road fatalities (17,732 deaths); in 2000, they represented 41 per cent (17,380deaths).

Relatively few chronic hard core drinking drivers are responsible for most of the drunk driving problem in this country. High-BAC drivers(i.e. those with BACs over 0.15) represent about one per cent of the cars on the road at night and on weekends. Yet they account fornearly half of all drivers killed at those times. The hard core drinking driver is the biggest challenge to further progress.

Most provinces provide assessment and rehabilitation programs to prevent impaired drivers from continuing to endanger the public.Ontario's remedial measures program started in September 1998. According to a May 2003 report, of the approximately 21,000convicted impaired drivers who had gone through it, only 23 of the graduates had to repeat the course due to a subsequent conviction.

Provinces are also introducing alcohol ignition interlock, a small breath-testing unit linked to the ignition system. To operate the vehicle,the driver must provide a breath sample. The device, installed at the offender's expense, reduces recidivism by as much as 90 percent while in use. When combined with rehabilitation, interlock is a very effective countermeasure.

In December 2002, Manitoba introduced a new law believed to be the toughest of its kind in North America. The government will seizeand sell the vehicles of repeat drunk drivers.

The statistics show that Canada's approach to impaired driving is working. Criminal sanctions, combined with provincial and territorialcountermeasures, are deterring people from drinking and driving. Canada is a leader in the fight against impaired driving, but wecannot be complacent. Resources and hard work are needed to achieve further reductions.

UpdatesIn 2004, police reported about 79,000 incidents of impaired driving. The 2004 rate was stable compared to 2003, and 33 percent lowerthan a decade prior.

In 2003, road crashes involving a driver who had been drinking killed 902 people, of which half (450) were drivers who were legallyimpaired.

In a 2005 survey 6.7 percent of drivers said they had driven in the past year when they felt they were over the legal limit. That translatesinto 1.5 million drivers and over 7.8 million trips.

Updated May 2006

© 2006 Canada Safety Council http://www.safety-council.org/index.html



A & A Roofing Ltd.1459 Lakewood Rd.,

KAROL AALDERS

“We are your Professional Roofing Contractorserving the province of N.S.”

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EVANS, MacISAAC, MacMILLANBarristers & Solicitors

409 Granville StreetBus. (902) 625-0580 Port Hawkesbury, NSFax: (902) 625-2811 B9A 2M5

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Lindwood HoldingsKeith HallP.O. Box 2066Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3J 2Z1 Tel: (902) 429-6530

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Why Have Impaired Driving Charges Dropped?Impaired driving charges across Canada dropped by 22 per cent between 1990 and 1994. Yet research shows that the incidence ofimpaired driving was in fact increasing in this period. About 12 per cent of drivers on the road at night still take the wheel after drinking,and about one-third of all drivers killed in road crashes are impaired. A survey suggests front-line officers are laying fewer chargesbecause of difficulties in enforcing impaired driving laws.

In September, 1998, the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police and Transport Canada released a survey of front-line police officersacross Canada. The survey, which took place in the spring of 1997, asked the officers about their attitudes and perceptions regardingenforcement and prosecution of impaired drivers. Over 1,500 officers in municipalities, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, theOntario Provincial Police and the S˚retÈ du Quèbec responded to the mail-in questionnaire - a return rate of 71 per cent.

Following are some of the survey's key findings:

• On average, it takes almost three hours for an officer to complete the paperwork and go through the process to charge one personwith a Criminal Code impaired driving offence. It takes that same officer at least four more hours if that case goes to trial. Thesetime frames may account for the relatively few Driving While Impaired (DWI) charges being laid (about 7.5 charges per front-lineofficer over a one-year period). About half of all officers surveyed admitted they would lay more charges if it took less time toprocess and administer the charges.

• The amount of time officers can spend enforcing impaired driving laws may be diminishing because of demands for other services.Although most officers believe the arresting and prosecuting impaired drivers is a fairly high priority, they feel they do not alwayshave the full support of officers in management positions. Many also believe their agency does not have adequate humanresources to deal with the problem.

• Twenty to 30 per cent of officers use their own discretion when charging drivers who may be impaired over the federal legal limitof .08 (blood alcohol concentration or BAC over 80 mg per 100 ml). For example, instead of laying Criminal Code charges theymay allow a sober passenger to take over the driving, send the impaired driver home by taxi or give a 12 or 24 hour administrativelicence suspension. (See below.)

• Enforcement officers believe that in many cases, mainly due to heavy caseloads, Crown Attorneys are either not adequatelyprepared when impaired driving cases come to court or have not even had time to open the file before the first court appearance.

• The most frequent general comment received from the responding officers related to the lenient and/or inconsistent rulingshanded down by judges. They also commented on their concern about the lengthy processing time, the amount of paperwork theyare required to complete and the lack of human resources to deal with the problem.

• Over two-thirds agreed with the sanctions being implemented in many jurisdictions across Canada. They give greatest support toadministrative licence suspensions, vehicle impoundment and other provincial sanctions which take effect at BAC levels below .08.

Enforcement officers are the first line of defense in the fight against impaired driving. The Canada Safety Council believes the aboveissues must be addressed. The job of the enforcement officer must be made as easy as possible while ensuring the rights of theaccused are protected.

Publication # TP13161 E, Transport Canada, Safety and Security, Road Safety

Administrative Licence Suspensions:Public Good Versus Individual Freedom

On October 13, 1998, the Ontario Court of Appeal put on hold its decision on the legality of a provincial law passed in November 1996.That law removes impaired drivers from the road immediately and suspends their licenses for 90 days if they blow over the legal limitor refuse to give a breath test.The law is being challenged on the basis that it violates the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In the past, courts have upheld the legalityof measures to reduce impaired driving, such as RIDE and STEP programs, recognizing the right of the public to be protected againstdrunk drivers.The CACP-Transport Canada survey revealed that 30 per cent of officers prefer short term licence suspensions (similar to the Ontariolaw) to laying Criminal Code charges, as an effective way to take impaired drivers off the road.The Canada Safety Council has expressed concern that a decision to overturn this law will create a serious setback to the nationalfight against impaired driving.




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Drunk Driving QuizDo you know the facts about impaired driving?

True or false1) You can't be charged with a drinking-driving offence if your BAC is below the legal limit.

True False2) A police officer can suspend your driver's licence immediately for drinking and driving.

True False3) If you have one drink per hour, you don't have to worry about being over the legal limit.

True False4) You can't be charged with a drinking-driving offence if you are riding a snowmobile on your

own property.True False

5) An impaired driving charge isn't such a big deal. You simply pay the ticket andeverything's fine.

True False6) Only young drinking drivers are at higher risk of crashing.

True False7) The worst way to tell if someone has had too much to drink to drive safely is to ask them.

True False8) If you think you've had too much to drink to be able to drive safely, you'll be OK if you have

a cup of coffee or take a cold shower.True False



How did you do? see next page for answers...


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ANSWERS: Facts about Impaired Driving1. You can't be charged with a drinking-driving offence if your BAC is below the legal limit. False: You can be charged with a criminal offence for driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs, regardless of yourBAC.2. A police officer can suspend your driver's licence immediately for a drinking-driving offence.True: In most provinces, a police officer can suspend a driver's licence for 12 or 24 hours if you register a "Warn"on an approved screening device. In addition, in some provinces, a police officer can, on behalf of the registrar ofmotor vehicles, suspend your licence for 90 days if you fail a breath test or refuse to provide a breath sample.3. If you have one drink per hour, you don't have to worry about being over the legal limit.False: The "one drink per hour" rule only works for the first two or three hours. It does not work for women. Restrictyourself to no more than two drinks. Better yet, don't drink if you are going to drive.4. You can't be charged with a drinking-driving offence if you are riding a snowmobile on your own property.False: Impaired driving laws apply to all types of motor vehicles regardless of where they are being operated.5. An impaired driving charge isn't such a big deal. You simply pay the ticket and everything's fine.False: Impaired driving is a criminal offence. You will be photographed and fingerprinted. You must appear in court.Among other things, a conviction results in a criminal record. You can go to jail; for a second offence, you will go tojail.6. Only young drinking drivers are at higher risk of crashing.False: Drinking drivers of all ages have an increased risk of crash involvement. In general, risk increases with BAC.However, the risk for young drivers increases much more rapidly due to their inexperience as drivers, peer pressureand the impact of even small amounts of alcohol.7. The worst way to tell if someone has had too much to drink to drive safely is to ask them.True: This is one of the most unreliable ways to tell. A person's judgment is seriously affected by alcohol and theyoften overestimate their abilities.8. If you think you've had too much to drink to be able to drive safely, you'll be OK if you have a cup of coffee or takea cold shower.False: Time is the only way to reduce your BAC. Depending on how much you have had to drink, it can take manyhours for your BAC to return to zero.

Safety Canada, July 2000




Anthony Mui s e, CMAVP Operations

Yarmouth Regional Hospital 60 Vancouver StreetYarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Phone: (902) 742-3542 ext. 117Fax: (902) 742-0369

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Drunk Driving - Progress and ProblemsThe Future

The rate of impaired driving incidents dropped four per cent in 2002, resuming its 20-year downward trend after asmall increase in 2001, according to a November 2003 report from the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.

• The rate of impaired driving incidents reported by police was 65 per cent lower than its peak in 1981.• The number of deaths and injuries related to impaired driving have gone down by almost half since 1986

despite increasing numbers of drivers and vehicles.• Impaired driving accounted for about 12 per cent of all cases heard in court, making it the largest category

of offences (53,000 out of a total 452,000).• Impaired driving also had the highest conviction rate - 73 per cent, compared to 60 per cent for all Criminal

Code offences.

The Canada Safety Council credits the progress to several factors: strong commitment from all the stakeholders;changing attitudes and behaviours with respect to drinking and driving; effective public education and publicawareness programs; and the level of police enforcement.

The countryʼs aging population is another factor in the downward trend. Seniors over age 65 have the lowest ratesof impaired driving.

Who are the drunk drivers?

According to a national survey on drinking and driving released in December 2005 by the Traffic Injury ResearchFoundation (TIRF), 15 per cent of Canadian drivers reported driving a vehicle within two hours of consumingalcohol in the past 30 days.

The survey estimates that an alarming 1.5 million drivers drove when they thought they were impaired, of which 16per cent (about 2.3 per cent of all drivers) said they did so four or more times. Based on the findings, TIRFestimates that only three per cent of drivers account for 84 per cent of reported impaired driving trips in Canada.This is in line with a large body of research which shows that a small minority of drinking drivers accounts for mostof Canadaʼs impaired driving problem.

Younger drivers continued to show the highest rates of impaired driving. Data from 94 police departments founddrivers aged 19 to 24 represent 56 per cent of all reported criminal incidents. The Justice statistics show the rateof impaired driving peaks at age 21. The TIRF survey found that drivers aged 25 to 34 are most likely to report theyhave taken the wheel after drinking .

Younger drivers and chronic drinking drivers must remain a major target in efforts to eradicate impaired driving.

Canadaʼs national strategy

In Canada there is no national law covering all aspects of drinking and driving. This is because in our federalsystem, different levels of government have responsibility for different aspects of the problem. The Constitution ofCanada defines the powers of the federal and provincial or territorial levels of government.

continued...


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We do, however, have a national strategy. The Strategy to Reduce Impaired Driving (STRID) is a joint initiative byfederal, provincial and territorial governments as well as road safety organizations including the Canada SafetyCouncil. STRID is an initiative of the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators (CCMTA), which receivesits mandate from the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety. Since it began in1990, STRID has provided leadership for all jurisdictions in the fight against impaired driving.

All jurisdictions are united in the fight against drinking and driving. Specific sanctions for drinking drivers vary fromone part of the country to another, but in all cases they are strict.

Jurisdiction

The federal government has authority for the Criminal Code of Canada. Impaired driving is considered a crimebecause of the risk of death and injury related to alcohol consumption by drivers. Canada has, for example,criminalized driving or care and control of a vehicle with BACs exceeding 0.08. As a matter of constitutional law,this prevents provinces and territories from creating offences relating directly to BAC levels and to fine or jail driverswho exceed those limits; such offences fall under the Criminal Code.

Provincial and territorial legislation related to drinking and driving comes from the authority to enact laws relatingto property and civil rights, which includes the right to regulate driving on provincial roads. Provincial and territorialjurisdictions can legislate permissible levels of BAC for the purpose of imposing administrative licencesuspensions, but not for the purpose of creating ʻoffences.ʼ

Through their highway traffic acts, these jurisdictions use their licensing authority to suspend drivers who exceedprovincially or federally established BAC limits (PDF). Every jurisdiction in Canada has enacted legislation relatedto drinking and driving, short of creating offences. Provinces impose licence suspensions for drivers convicted ofcriminal blood alcohol offences, and most impose temporary suspensions at BACs below the criminal level of 0.08.

All Canadian jurisdictions except the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have a zero BAC for novice drivers. Forordinary drivers, most provinces in Canada make it impermissible (but not a criminal offence) to operate or havecare or control of a motor vehicle at levels around 0.05. However, many Canadians are not aware of thesemeasures. The TIRF survey found less than half of respondents knew there was a lower alcohol limit in theirprovince at which police can suspend driving privileges; only six per cent of all respondents knew what that limit is.

While provincial and territorial jurisdictions cannot create offences relating to BAC levels, they do have power toimpose administrative licence suspensions. Police officers can carry out these licence suspensions at the side ofthe road, protecting the public by a swift and certain response. Among the 13 provinces or territories of Canada,only Quebec and the Yukon do not have licence suspensions for drinking drivers with BACs lower than 0.08.

Penalties

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics reports that fines were the most common penalty imposed for impaireddriving offences in 2001/02. In about 77 per cent of cases a fine was the ʻmost seriousʼ sentence. However,provincial and territorial sanctions supplement the Criminal Code and often have more serious personalconsequences than a fine. The mere fact of having a criminal conviction carries a lifelong stigma that can limit joband travel opportunities.

Offenders were sentenced to prison in 14 per cent of cases. The average length of a prison sentence for cases ofimpaired driving was 73 days.

Prison sentences varied considerably across the country. For instance, in Prince Edward Island, 91 per cent ofthose convicted of impaired driving received a prison sentence, compared with only four per cent in Nova Scotia.However, provinces which imposed imprisonment more often also tended to use shorter sentences. For example,in Prince Edward Island the average sentence length was 17 days, while in Nova Scotia it was 182 days.

continued...

(...Drunk Driving - Progress and Problems continued)


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The Canada Safety Council prepared a chart showing provincial and territorial countermeasures related to driverBAC. Some of these measures are outside the Criminal Code, while others supplement the provisions of theCriminal Code by imposing additional measures under provincial and territorial jurisdiction. Not included aremeasures taken after an individual is convicted of a criminal offence related to impaired driving, such as long-termlicence suspensions. Some provincial/territorial sanctions are also not included, such as vehicle impoundment.

Most jurisdictions require a zero BAC for novice drivers. The high incidence of drinking and driving in the 19 to 21age group indicates that some see alcohol consumption as a restriction that is removed when a permanent licenceis obtained.

The Future

Despite the progress that has been made over the past 20 years, impaired driving is a complex problem with nosimple solutions. The current administrative and criminal sanctions provide a well thought-out mix of effectiveness,efficiency and severity. Building on this, STRID takes a multi-faceted approach in its strategy and objectives for2010.

STRIDʼs national target for 2010 is a 30 per cent decrease in the average number of road users killed and seriouslyinjured during the 2008-2010 period compared to 1996-2001 figures. The focus is on hardcore drinking drivers,new/young drivers, social drinkers, and first sanctioned drivers with recommendations in several categoriesincluding education and awareness, policing, legislation, rehabilitation, and evaluation.


(...Drunk Driving - Progress and Problems continued)


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How Pot Affects DrivingA survey released in November 2004 found that 14 percent of Canadians reported using cannabis in the past year.This is nearly double the rate reported in 1994 (7.4 percent). Almost 30 percent of youth 15-17 years old and justover 47 percent of those 18 to 19 had used cannabis in the past year.

The increase raises concerns that cannabis users may be taking the wheel. Current research indicates the effectsof cannabis on driving are more complex than many assume.

Not surprisingly, impairment increases with higher doses. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive chemicalin cannabis, reduces a driverʼs ability to keep in the centre of the lane, to maintain a constant following distance,and to make quick decisions about manoeuvres such as passing. Faced with an unexpected event, a cannabis-impaired driver may find it difficult to react quickly.

Alcohol causes more impairment than cannabis and carries a demonstrably higher crash risk. Drivers under theinfluence of cannabis are acutely aware of their impairment. They consciously try to drive more cautiously, forexample by slowing down, focusing their attention and avoiding risks. Drinking drivers show more risk taking andaggression in their driving, have no insight into their impairment, and do not try to compensate.

Some prescribed medications appear to make drivers more collision-prone than cannabis. A 2004 UK study on themedicinal use of cannabis concludes that impairment of driving ability from cannabis is within the range of (or lowerthan) that produced by medications commonly used for similar conditions. For example, benzodiazepene typemedications commonly prescribed to seniors increase crash risk. One study found a five-fold higher risk in peoplewho had used benzodiazepenes in the past three months.

Surprisingly, there seems to be little evidence that drivers who have used cannabis on its own are more likely tocause crashes than drug-free drivers. However, this does not mean itʼs safe to mix cannabis with driving.

Only fatalities and serious injuries have been analyzed in the available research. To what extent cannabis is a factorin less serious collisions still needs to be investigated.

THC can be detected in blood or urine for days after smoking. Surveys that establish recent use of cannabis showthat THC-positive drivers, especially at higher doses, are three to seven times more likely to be responsible for theircrash than drivers who had not used drugs or alcohol. In other words, recent use of cannabis may increase crashrisk, while past use of cannabis does not.

Few road fatalities test positive for THC alone. Most often, it is found in combination with alcohol. Controlled studiesshow this combination produces severe impairment. Driver casualty statistics confirm that using cannabis withalcohol dramatically increases crash risk.




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Ignition Interlock — Incentive or Punishment?An ignition interlock is a breath screening device which is installed in a vehicle. Before starting the car,the driver must blow into the device. The car will not start if the driverʼs blood alcohol concentration (BAC)is above a pre-set limit. As long as the car is running, the driver is required to blow periodically into thedevice. If the BAC rises above the pre-set limit, this will be recorded, a warning issued and emergencylights and sounds will ensue until the car is turned off.Ignition interlocks were designed to prevent drivers with an elevated BAC from operating a vehicle. Thedevices have been shown to interrupt drinking-driving behaviour — but not, in the long term, to changeit. Ideally, ignition interlock programs should be used in conjunction with treatment programs. Otherwise,a high proportion of the users continue to drink and drive after the device has been removed.Six Canadian provinces and 43 American states have legislation that permits ignition interlock devices.Some programs fall under the administrative authority of licensing agencies, while others are under theauthority of the courts. Some are mandatory, while others are discretionary. Duration, eligibility, andrequirements for reporting and monitoring all vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.The administrative-mandatory model is the most widespread and appears to be the most effective. Inthis model, offenders must participate in order to have their licence reinstated. In Ontario, for example,after serving provincial sanctions, those eligible to have their licence reinstated must have an ignitioninterlock device installed on their vehicle for at least one year. After the required period, the driver mustapply to the Ministry of Transportation to have the licence condition removed.Participation in voluntary ignition interlock programs tends to be low. According to the Traffic InjuryResearch Foundation (TIRF), less than 10 per cent of impaired driving offenders volunteer to participateif the program is not mandatory. One reason may be the cost, which is about $100 a month. Participantsmust pay for installation and maintenance of the ignition interlock device in addition to their higherinsurance rates, fines, licence reinstatement and rehabilitation fees.To increase participation in voluntary programs, the ignition interlock needs to be positioned as abeneficial alternative. In the mind of the drinking driver, it should be seen as an incentive rather than apunishment. One way to improve acceptance may be to reduce the length of licence suspension foroffenders who install the device.It is estimated that up to 75 per cent of those convicted of impaired driving disregard their licencesuspension. These individuals continue to take the wheel (often impaired) after their licence has beensuspended. Some choose not to apply for reinstatement, either because they do not plan to drive all —or because they find driving without a licence is easy and think they will never be caught. Lengthysuspensions have been found to increase the risk of the latter.An offender under the control of an interlock program is less dangerous than one who is undersuspension and drives anyway. Safety experts recommend more flexibility in sentencing, and the use ofinterlock programs as an incentive to keep offenders within the legal licensing system. In Quebec, adriver whose licence has been suspended may apply for a restricted licence before the end of thesuspension period, provided they meet certain criteria and install an ignition interlock in their vehicle.While ignition interlocks offer significant benefits, they are not a panacea. The factors that help themachieve their potential are known. Their success as a tool to reduce impaired driving will depend oninformed implementation, supported by appropriate legislation and treatment programs.




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If youʼve been drinking, you do have optionsToo many Canadians choose to take the wheel after theyʼve been drinking. A recent survey shows there may beover four million road trips a year during which the driver is impaired. Those between 19 and 34 are the most likelyto drive after drinking.

Not a smart choice. In 2003 there were 902 road fatalities that involved a drinking driver. Of these, drinking driversthemselves accounted for half (450). Over one-fifth of the fatalities were passengers of drinking drivers — in manycases also the result of an unwise personal choice.

The Canada Safety Council urges Canadians to drive sober — or plan on an alternate way to get home safely. Calla family member, a friend or a cab for a safe ride home. A designated driver is another good option, but choosingto ride with a driver whoʼs been drinking is not. Maybe you can stay overnight. But taking the wheel is absolutelynot an option if you think you may be impaired.

If youʼre stuck and donʼt have a phone number for a taxi, try calling 1-888-TAXIGUY (1-888-829-4489) to connectwith a taxicab company in your community. If youʼre using a payphone, you donʼt even need a quarter.

The Canada Safety Council officially endorses TAXIGUY, which has offered drinking and driving prevention toolssince 1998. Through its national network of 450 taxicab companies linked to an easy-to-remember toll-free number,1-888-TAXIGUY (English) and 1-888-TAXISVP (French), service is available in over 700 cities and towns acrossCanada. TAXIGUY, Inc. also operates SMART CALL™; a safe transportation strategy for licensed venues and theTAXI DOLLARS™ program, The National Taxicab Currency that allows businesses, charities and consumers toobtain taxicab fare for anyone, anywhere in Canada. On September 23, 2004, TAXIGUY celebrated its onemillionth safe ride home.

Sobering Stats• The Canada Safety Council is a sponsor of the Road Safety Monitor, a Canada-wide telephone survey

of Canadians drivers. In its December 2005 report on drinking and driving, 15 percent of respondents —an estimated 3.2 million — admitted to driving after drinking within the past month. Two-thirds did soonce or twice in the previous month but close to 16 percent of drinking drivers (about 2.3 percent of alldrivers) had done so more than four times.

• Moreover, 6.7 percent said they had driven in the past year when they felt they were over the legal limit.That translates into 1.5 million drivers. Drivers aged 25 to 34 are the most likely to driver after drinking;19 percent report doing so. A small group of drivers (less than three percent) accounted for 84 percentof all reported impaired driving trips.

• Only about one-third of drivers were aware of a lower alcohol limit in their province which can result in a12-or 24-hour licence suspension.

The Road Safety Monitor 2005 - Drinking and Driving,Traffic Injury Research Foundation

Updated December 2005

© 2006 Canada Safety Council h t t p : / / w w w . s a f e t y -council.org


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Low-BAC Drivers and the LawHow should the law treat drinking drivers whose blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is below the Criminal Code limitof 0.08?

Although impairment begins with the first drink, the majority of drivers involved in alcohol-related fatal crashes haveBACs over 0.15. These high-BAC drivers represent about one per cent of the cars on the road at night and onweekends, but nearly half of all drivers killed at those times. Most fall into one of two major categories: the young(ages 19 to 24) and the hardcore.

In Canadaʼs system, the federal government shares responsibility for impaired driving with the provinces andterritories. The federal Criminal Code, for example, addresses driving or care and control of a vehicle with BACsexceeding 0.08. The Canada Safety Council recommends dealing with lower-BAC drivers under provincial andterritorial highway traffic acts.

Prevention the goal

The priority must be to prevent alcohol-related traffic crashes, not merely to punish drinking drivers. Penalties fordrinking and driving are very tough across Canada. The problem is that many drinking drivers do not think aboutconsequences before taking the wheel.

Penalties, regardless of severity, have little preventive impact unless they are seen to be enforced. That is whyroadside checks and visible enforcement are very effective deterrents.

The gauge of progress should be the rate of deaths and injuries due to road crashes involving a drinking driver.Criteria such as the number of licence suspensions, severity of penalties and implementation of specific types oflegislation, while relevant, are not valid measures of prevention.

Highway traffic acts

Most jurisdictions impose administrative licence suspensions on drivers with BACs below the Criminal Code limitor if the officer believes the driver is affected by alcohol; durations vary. Some also have remedial and/orassessment programs for low-BAC drivers with repeat suspensions.

Administrative licence suspensions provide a measured response to the risk posed by low-BAC drivers. Theyprotect the public by taking potentially dangerous drivers off the road, and give those drivers a strong warning.These suspensions are an effective tool in the fight against impaired driving, in part because they impose swift andcertain consequences. Some provinces have licence reinstatement fees, and requirements for assessment andtreatment in the case of repeat suspensions.

Specific sanctions for drinking drivers with lower BACs vary from one part of the country to another. From a nationalperspective, this inconsistency makes it difficult to inform Canadians about those which apply in the jurisdictionwhere they live. Indeed, a 2003 survey found that less than half of respondents knew there is a lower alcohol limitin their province at which police can suspend driving privileges; only six per cent could identify that limit.


continued...


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Criminalization

There is no evidence that charging low-BAC drivers under the federal Criminal Code would prevent more deathsand injuries than dealing with them under provincial and territorial traffic regulations.

Making conduct criminal is societyʼs ultimate condemnation. The Criminal Code of Canada addresses offencessuch as murder, rape and assault, that violate basic societal norms. Criminal Code sanctions are very severe. Forexample, a criminal conviction, be it for armed robbery or for driving with a BAC over 0.08 limits travel and jobopportunities for the rest of the offenderʼs life. Justifiably the legal process to charge and convict a felon is intricateand costly.

Provincial and territorial transport officials, represented in the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators(CCMTA), have taken a position against lowering the criminal BAC to 0.05. According to CCMTA, this wouldhamper the ability of the police to detect drivers with a BAC greater than 0.08 (who are a greater crash risk), dueto the over-extending of enforcement resources. CCMTA says a move to criminalize drivers who are at lower riskof collision involvement would further burden an overtaxed criminal justice system without increasing the deterrenteffect of the law.

RecommendationsCanada is making impressive progress in its fight against impaired driving. Between 1995 and 2000, road fatalitiesinvolving a drinking driver dropped by one-third. The problem is far from solved, but this progress indicates thatcountermeasures now in place are working.

How to deal with drivers with BACs below the Criminal Code limit has been the subject of much debate. TheCanada Safety Council has developed the following recommendations to offer a realistic and practical direction forpublic policy.

1. Deal with low-BAC drivers under highway traffic acts.

Driving ability can be impaired at low BACs, although the incidence of fatalities rises dramatically starting at 0.15.The federal Criminal Code addresses higher BAC drivers starting at 0.08, who are implicated in the majority ofalcohol-related road fatalities.

It is important to deal firmly with individuals with BACs below the 0.08 level, both to prevent them from causingimmediate harm and to ensure they do not join the high-BAC group. The Canada Safety Council recommends thatthe responsibility to address drivers with BACs below 0.08 remain with the provinces and territories.

Highway traffic acts provide effective regulatory tools. For example, administrative licence suspensions enablepolice to apprehend low-BAC drivers, remove them from the road and give them a firm warning not to continuedrinking and driving. These acts also provide a means to mandate intervention programs, which can help preventthese people from becoming chronic drinking drivers.

2. Harmonize the BAC at which administrative licence suspensions are imposed.

Canadaʼs 13 jurisdictions vary widely in their criteria for administrative licence suspensions, as discussed in theJanuary 2004 issue of this newsletter. This inconsistency can create confusion and inequities.

The Canada Safety Council recommends a common BAC for short-term suspensions in all jurisdictions. This wouldprovide greater consistency across Canada, and would permit a stronger message to be sent to the Canadianpublic to increase awareness of penalties for drinking and driving.

continued...

(...Low BAC Drivers and the Law continued)


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(...Low BAC Drivers and the Law continued)

3. Treat administrative suspensions like traffic violations.

Currently, a number of jurisdictions do not record on the driverʼs record the short-term suspensions or prohibitionsimposed for violations of the lower BAC limit. This makes it difficult to identify recidivists so that appropriate actioncan be taken.

Inclusion of short-term suspensions on the driverʼs record will help police and licensing authorities identify thosewho repeatedly drink and drive. The Canada Safety Council recommends that BAC-related suspensions beretained on a driverʼs record along with demerit points, and shared with adjoining jurisdictions in the same way asother traffic violations such as speeding.

4. Provide intervention programs for repeat administrative suspensions.

Some jurisdictions already have requirements for assessment and treatment in the case of repeat suspensions.Such interventions are intended to address the root of the problem, such as alcohol dependency.

The Canada Safety Council recommends that Best Practices be established for such programs, and thatassessment / remedial programs be provided for drivers with repeat administrative suspensions within a specifiedperiod of time. These programs should be provided at the driverʼs expense.

5. Enhance enforcement through well-publicized and visible roadside checks by police

Visible, effective enforcement is critical in the fight against impaired driving. Roadside spot checks, in particular,have been shown to reduce the number of drunk drivers on the road.

Drivers with low BACs are difficult to detect through routine patrol or spot check programs because most show noobvious signs of impairment.

The Canada Safety Council recommends that police agencies be given resources and training to apprehend low-BAC drivers using roadside spot checks, and that they be authorized to use proven technologies such as passivealcohol sensors to detect drivers with low BACs.

6. Increase public awareness of countermeasures for low-BAC drivers.

Most Canadian drivers are unaware that BAC limits lower than that in the Criminal Code already exist in mostprovinces/territories. This lessens the potential deterrent effect of the lower limits. (If the public does not know whatthey are, how can they be expected to comply?) If the administrative licence suspensions at lower BACs are todeter drivers from operating a vehicle after they have been drinking, drivers need to know about them.

The Canada Safety Council recommends that substantial efforts be initiated to increase public awareness aboutexisting lower BAC limits and their associated sanctions, to enhance the potential deterrent effect of thesemeasures.



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Would a Lower Criminal BAC Save Lives?In Canada, any person with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 80 mg% (80 milligrams of alcohol in 100millilitres of blood, or 0.08) or over who is operating a motor vehicle can be charged with a criminal offense. Yet,for most people impairment starts much below that level. That is why some believe that lowering the per se limit inthe Criminal Code to 0.05 will reduce deaths and injuries from impaired driving.

All provinces except Quebec already have short-term administrative roadside suspensions at 0.05 or lower. Theprocedure is simple and can be carried out by police officers at the side of the road. If necessary and deemedwarranted by the officer, the vehicle is towed and stored at the driver's expense. Some provinces have licencereinstatement fees and requirements for assessment and treatment in the case of repeat suspensions. Theseadministrative measures are effective tools in the fight against impaired driving, in part because they provide swiftand certain punishment.

Would eliminating these successful administrative sanctions in favor of criminal sanctions at the 0.05 level have abeneficial impact on road safety?

A study sponsored by the Canada Safety Council found that Canada's law is among the strictest in the developedworld for BAC offenses (Safety Canada, April 2002). In most countries, drivers with BACs below 0.08 are simplyfined. Where license suspensions are possible, they tend to be much shorter in other countries than in Canada.BACs of 0.05 and lower are addressed mostly in motor vehicle acts with offenses such as speeding - not in criminallaw alongside murder, robbery, and sexual assault, as would be the case in Canada if the federal BAC limit werelowered to 0.05.

A study by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF), released in May 2002, found that lowering the BAC limit,in and of itself, would not have a substantial impact on the incidence of impaired driving or alcohol-related crashes.The study concluded that simply having and enforcing a per se BAC limit, regardless of the level, is an efficient andeffective way to deal with the impaired driving problem. The actual value of the BAC level may make little differencein the overall context of policies, programs and procedures implemented to enforce it.

Canada has seen a strong downward trend in deaths related to impaired driving, including a 30% drop between1995 and 1999. The nature of the problem is now quite different from 20 years ago. Today, the majority of driversinvolved in alcohol-related fatal crashes typically have BACs over 0.15 - about twice the legal limit. The TIRF studymaintains that if these offenders don't obey existing BAC limits, it would be simplistic and naive to expect them tocomply with a lower limit.

From the Canada Safety Council's perspective, resources are urgently needed to make existing laws work moreeffectively. New countermeasures should target the chronic high-BAC offender.

The 110 page report, entitled The Safety Impact of Lowering the BAC Limit for Drivers in Canada, can bedownloaded from TIRF's Web site.




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A Hard Nut to CrackThe Canada Safety Council is a sponsor of the Road Safety Monitor, a Canada-wide telephone surveyof Canadians drivers. In its December 2005 report on drinking and driving, 15 percent of respondents —an estimated 3.2 million — admitted to driving after drinking within the past month. Two-thirds did soonce or twice in the previous month but close to 16 percent of drinking drivers (about 2.3 percent of alldrivers) had done so more than four times.

Moreover, 6.7 percent said they had driven in the past year when they felt they were over the legal limit.That translates into 1.5 million drivers. Drivers aged 25 to 34 are the most likely to driver after drinking;19 percent report doing so. A small group of drivers (less than three percent) accounted for 84 percentof all reported impaired driving trips.

The fact is that a few hard core drinking drivers cause most of the drunk driving problem in this country.High-BAC drivers (i.e. those with BACs over 0.15) represent about one per cent of the cars on the roadat night and on weekends. Yet they account for nearly half of all drivers killed at those times.

These chronic offenders share several characteristics:

• They drink frequently, and often to excess. Many are alcohol dependent.• They repeatedly drive after drinking.• When they drink and drive, their BAC is two to three times the legal limit.• Many have previously been convicted for impaired driving and have driven while suspended.• They resist changing their behavior, and are insensitive to anti-drinking-driving campaigns.• Canada's penalties for impaired driving, among the harshest in the developed world, do not deter

them from drinking and driving.

The hard core drinking driver presents a complex and resistant safety challenge. He (most are men)does not believe his behavior poses a risk to his own safety or the safety of others. Those who study theproblem say most of these offenders tend to have menial employment (if employed at all), low educationand poor self esteem. Of all Quebec drivers convicted of criminal offenses such as those related toimpaired driving, only two percent earn more than $50,000 a year. Forty-one percent earn less than$30,000 a year, and a full 43 percent have no income.

Public policy must continue to target this hard core group in order to make significant gains in the fightagainst impaired driving.

Rehabilitation is an important part of the solution, because most hard core offenders have an alcoholdependency problem. Remedial measures programs reduce the number of convictions for impaireddriving, particularly when combined with licensing sanctions. Of 12,000 people who attended Ontario'sremedial program in its first year, only one returned due to a subsequent conviction.

Other measures prevent the offender from driving while impaired. These include license suspensions,vehicle impoundment and alcohol ignition interlock.


continued...


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(...A Hard Nut to Crack continued)

An Evaluation of the Alberta Administrative Licence Suspension Program released in August 2005 founda 24 per cent drop in the number of repeat impaired drivers and a 19 per cent reduction in the numberof repeat offenders involved in alcohol-related collisions that cause injury or death. The study also foundthere was a drop in the percentage of fatal collisions that involved drinking drivers, from 23 per centbefore the licence suspension program came into effect to 19 per cent afterward.

The alcohol ignition interlock is a small breath-testing unit installed under the dash and linked to thevehicle's ignition system. To operate the vehicle, the driver must provide a breath sample. The CriminalCode of Canada allows reduction of the mandatory driving suspension for a first offence from one yearto three months if the offender participates in an interlock program for the remainder of the one-yearperiod. The device is installed at the offender's expense. Interlock programs reduce recidivism by asmuch as 90 per cent while the device is in the vehicle. Used in conjunction with rehabilitation they areproving to be a very effective countermeasure.

In 2003, road crashes involving a driver who had been drinking killed 902 people. This is down 30percent from 1995, when there were 1,296 motor vehicle deaths involving a drinking driver - despite an11 percent increase in the number of licensed drivers. Of the drinking-driving road fatalities, half (450)were drivers whose blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was over 0.08 - not innocent victims by anyone'sdefinition. Many of these were in the hard core group.

In sharp contrast to Canada's progress, the number of impaired driving fatalities has not changed since1994 in the United States. The fact fewer Canadians are being killed in crashes involving alcohol isencouraging, but we can't let our guard down.

Drunk driving still causes far too many unnecessary and preventable tragedies on our roads. The hardcore drinking driver is the biggest challenge to further progress.

Updated January 2006


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MADD Canada Releases

January 8, 2007

Proposed Nova Scotia Impaired DrivingLegislation ʻExcellentʼ: MADD Canada“This will save lives and reduce the incidentsof impaired driving”

Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Canadapraised Nova Scotia legislators today for theirefforts in proposing new impaired drivingmeasures that will ensure the Provinceís roads aresafer. Representatives from MADD Canadaʼs NovaScotia Chapters joined with MLA Kevin Deveaux tocall on the Government to quickly pass a packageof impaired driving laws announced today by theN.D.P.

The proposed new impaired driving laws includean enhanced graduated licence program with azero-BAC limit for the first five years of driving, aswell as a zero-BAC limit for all supervising drivers;and, an increase from the current 24-hour to a 7-day administrative licence suspension for driverswho register 0.05% BAC, or over, on abreathalyzer test.

“We would like to see these measures become lawin this Session of Parliament,” says SusanMacAskill, Windsor resident and former NationalPresident of MADD Canada. “The initiatives comedirectly from MADD Canadaʼs recommendations tothis Government and they are excellent measuresthat are proven effective. We know this packagewill save lives and reduce the incidents of impaireddriving in Nova Scotia.”

Mrs. MacAskill explains that MADD Canada hashad numerous meetings with MLAs on impaireddriving legislative recommendations from theorganizationʼs Rating the Provinces: The 2006Report Card and its youth study, Opportunities forProgress. “Our recommendations are made basedon the best empirical evidence and on currentinternational experience in reducing impaired

driving fatalities and injuries. We are veryencouraged that Nova Scotia legislators are takingup our recommendations and proposing moreeffective laws.”

On the issue of MADD Canadaʼs endorsement ofthe N.D.P. impaired driving package, Mrs.MacAskill was clear and emphatic. “Impaireddriving is a non-partisan issue and, across thecountry, MADD Canada representatives work withall political stripes to achieve safer roads forCanadians. In this Province, we have heldmeetings and exchanged information with MLAsfrom all Parties and we have an on-going dialoguewith government officials. So, whether it is aGovernment initiative or, in this case a N.D.P.initiative, MADD Canada is just happy to see new,effective legislation being introduced and passed.”

“MADD Canada was recently in Manitoba to praisethat Government on enacting similar initiatives withrespect to their graduated licence program.” Mrs.MacAskill adds, “We are working withgovernments to introduce effective and provenimpaired driving legislation and we areencouraging all provincial governments to take alook at what is being done in Canadian jurisdictionsand around the world to save lives.”

“The answer to safer roads can be found in theresearch and findings of the document Rating theProvinces,” says Mrs. MacAskill.

MADD Canada released its comprehensive studyof provincial and territorial impaired drivinglegislation on October 19, 2006. Rating theProvinces: The 2006 Report Card presents fivecore elements as being essential in provincial andterritorial efforts to reduce impaired driving:

• a comprehensive graduated licensing programfor all new drivers, including express policepowers to enforce it;

• a .00% BAC limit for all drivers under 21 or withless than five years driving experience;

continued...


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• express police powers to stop vehicles, establishsobriety checkpoints, and demand field sobrietytesting from suspected alcohol and/or drugimpaired drivers;

• strengthening the existing short-term roadsidelicence suspension programs for drivers withBACs of .05% or higher, to include a 7-14 daylicence suspension, a $150 - $300 licencereinstatement fee, the recording of thesuspension on the driverʼs record, andmandatory remedial measures for repeatviolations; and

• mandatory alcohol interlock, vehicle impoundmentand forfeiture, and remedial programs.

Manitoba scored the highest grade in the studywith an A -. At the time of the studyís release,MADD Canada lauded Manitoba for its introductionof new legislative reforms including a five-year,zero-BAC for new drivers.

Full details of the comprehensive study and itsrecommendations, including a podcast interviewwith study co-author Professor Robert Solomon,can be found on www.madd.ca. Visit: http://www.madd.ca/english/research/rtp.html

For further information, call:

Susan MacAskill,MADD Canadaʼs Atlantic Region Manager1-866-798-6233

Professor Robert Solomon,MADD Canada Legal AffairsDirector (and co-author of Rating the Provinces:The 2006 Report Card)(519) 661-3603

Please!donʼt drink and drive...

(...MADD continued)


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Despite the progress that was made between 1980and the mid-90s, traffic crashes remain the largestcause of death among 15-24 year old Canadians,accounting for 31% of their deaths in 2003.*Young people have the highest rates of traffic deathand injury per capita among all age groups, and thehighest death rate per kilometre driven among alldrivers under 75 years of age. In 2004, trafficcrashes killed 695 young people and injuredanother 53,600. Even conservatively estimated,over 45% of these deaths were alcohol related.Although more research is required, it is clear thatan additional percentage of youth crash deaths aredrug related. The projected increase in Canada’syouth population over the next five years will, inand of itself, increase impairment-related trafficdeaths and injuries among 15-24 year olds. Thus,effective action is required to achieve even the verymodest goal of preventing the number of suchdeaths and injuries from increasing. The purposeof this study is to provide a broad survey oflegislative measures that the provincial andterritorial governments can implement to betterprotect young Canadians. We have taken a broader perspective than someearlier studies. First, we have examined theproblem in terms of not only beginning drivers (16-19 year olds), but also young adult drivers (20-24year olds). Second, we have defined the youthcrash problem as encompassing pedestrians,cyclists, and operators of snowmobiles and ATVs,as well as drivers and passengers. Third, while themajority of the report deals with alcohol-relatedcrashes, we have also addressed the apparentlyincreasing rates of drug-impaired driving. Fourth,in addition to recommendations relating directly todriving, we have proposed measures to reduce thehazardous patterns of alcohol and drugconsumption that generate impairment-relatedcrash deaths among youth. In preparing ourrecommendations, we have been cognizant of thelikely level of public and political support forvarious measures, as this is often a critical factor in

determiningif proposedreforms will beenacted. Thus, ourrecommendations drawheavily on current bestpractices in Canada andother similar democracies.We have also taken intoaccount the requirements ofthe Canadian Charter ofRights and Freedoms. Since any law that is foundto be in violation of the Charter will be struckdown, our recommendations have been drafted toaccord with Charter values. The report is divided into five sections. The firstprovides the detailed statistical background uponwhich the remainder of the report is based. Amongother things, information has been provided on thenumber of young drivers, patterns of alcohol anddrug use among youth, characteristics of youthcrashes, statistics on total youth crashes, andstatistics on alcohol and/or drug involvement inthese crashes.Young people have the highest reported rates ofdrug use, and weekly, monthly and total bingedrinking (typically defined as consuming five ormore standard drinks on a single occasion). Theyalso have high rates of driving after drinking anddrug use, and of being a passenger of a driver whohas been drinking or taking drugs. Young peopleexhibit driving characteristics that greatly increasetheir crash risks. Beginning drivers are immature,and lack both driving experience and the skillsnecessary to avoid potentially hazardous situations.Young people, particularly males, tend to be risktakers, in that they have relatively high rates ofspeeding and aggressive driving, and lower rates ofseatbelt use. It is young people’s patterns ofalcohol and drug consumption, coupled with theirdriving behaviours, that explain why they aredramatically overrepresented in all categories of

* The studies we refer to in this report did not use the same age groupings for young people. While manysources divided the youth population into 16-19 and 20-24 year olds, others used a 15-19 and 20-24 yearold grouping. Finally, some of the data were reported in terms of 16-19 and 20-25 year olds.

Youth and ImpairedDriving in Canada:Opportunities for Progress

continued...


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impairment-related traffic deaths. For example, 16-25 year olds constituted only 13.7% of theCanadian population in 2003, but accounted for32.1% of the alcohol-related traffic fatalities.While young people are overrepresented as driversof passenger vehicles in alcohol-related deaths,they are overrepresented to an even greater degreeamong passengers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and ATVand snowmobile operators. The impaired crashproblem among youth is not simply a function oftheir immaturity and lack of driving experience; italso reflects their hazardous patterns of alcohol anddrug use.The second section examines the range ofregulatory controls that the provinces andterritories can implement over the availability,marketing and consumption of alcohol. Our focusis on measures that will most directly impact bingeand underage drinking among youth, and thealcohol-related crash deaths that result. Researchhas established that levels of hazardousconsumption are related to elevated rates ofalcohol-related harms, including traffic crashes.Moreover, the early onset of drinking among youthis associated with increased alcohol-relatedproblems and injuries both during adolescence andlater in life.MADD Canada recommends that the minimumdrinking age be increased to 19 in Alberta,Manitoba and Québec. All jurisdictions should:increase beer prices to bring them into line withliquor prices on a per standard drink basis;standardize prices within beverage types in terms ofalcohol content; and index alcohol prices toinflation. The provinces should establish/maintaingovernment monopolies over off-premise alcoholsales and alcohol delivery services, and implementkeg registration laws. The various underage-drinking offences (e.g. illicit sales, provision andpossession, and the production and use of forgedIDs) should be more rigorously enforced andsanctioned. The provinces need to increase publicawareness of the existing prohibitions againstselling, giving or providing alcohol to underage orintoxicated individuals, and the potential civilliability consequences of breaching theseprohibitions. A tiered program of mandatory serverand management training should be introduced forall licensed establishments. Furthermore, theprovinces need to enforce the existing alcoholadvertising laws, particularly the regulations

governing lifestyle advertising that targets youth. Of particular concern is the need to dramaticallyincrease enforcement of the liquor licencelegislation, especially in licensed premises cateringto youth. Older teens and young adults do adisproportionate share of their drinking in arelatively small number of establishments, whichare typically well known to the police and licensingauthorities. The underage and over-serviceprohibitions are routinely ignored by many of thesevenues. The existing licensing laws need to be farmore frequently and rigorously enforced. As longas there are very large numbers of intoxicated youthleaving bars, taverns and similar licensed premisesevery weekend night, they will continue todominate the statistics on alcohol-related driver,passenger and pedestrian traffic deaths.The third section of the study examines severaldriver-licensing measures that have been shown toreduce youth traffic deaths and injuries. We beginby outlining the case for a minimum driving age of16. Currently, a majority of Canadian jurisdictionspermit individuals to obtain a learning permit priorto the age of 16, but in some cases, only if they areenrolled in a driver education program. Researchindicates that a driving age below 16 is associatedwith higher crash risks, and that increasing theminimum driving age reduces crashes amongyounger drivers. We also propose that all jurisdictions establish acomprehensive graduated licensing program(GLP). Studies from Ontario, Nova Scotia,Québec, the United States, and New Zealand haveconsistently shown that GLPs significantly reducecrash deaths and injuries among the affectedpopulation. GLPs allow new drivers to gain on-the-road experience in low-risk circumstances, andgradually introduce them to more challengingsituations. Since the elevated crash risks ofbeginning drivers are related to their inexperienceand not just their age, the GLP should apply tobeginning drivers of all ages.MADD Canada advocates that a comprehensivethree-stage GLP be established for all new drivers,irrespective of age. Stage 1 should be 12 months inlength, during which novice drivers must beaccompanied by a supervisor, who is at least 21 andhas been fully licensed for two or more years.Stage-1 drivers should also be subject to nighttimedriving, high-speed road, and passenger

continued...

(...Youth and Impaired continued)


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restrictions. Drivers should have to pass a road testbefore proceeding to the next stage of the program.Stage 2 should also be 12 months in length. Duringthis stage, supervision would not be required,except for nighttime driving, driving on high-speedroads, or driving with more than one teenagepassenger. In order to proceed, stage-2 driversshould be required to pass a second road test. Stage3 should be a 24-month probationary period, duringwhich the driver would have full driving privileges,but would be subject to closer scrutiny by thelicensing authorities than more experienced drivers.All drivers and supervisors in the GLP should berequired to maintain a zero BAC, and be free ofpotentially impairing drugs. The stages of the GLPshould not be shortened for those who have taken adriver education course.MADD Canada also recommends that all driversunder the age of 21 be subject to a zero BAC limit.This provision should apply even if the driver hassuccessfully completed the entire GLP. Youngdrivers are already disadvantaged due to theirinexperience, and they should not have theirjudgment further impaired by alcohol. Thisrecommendation addresses the high rates ofalcohol-related fatalities among 18-20 year olddrivers and the fact that, under the current law, theyare first permitted to drive unsupervised at aboutthe same time they reach the legal drinking age.Such BAC limits, which have been adoptedthroughout the United States, have proven to bevery effective in reducing alcohol-related crashesamong those under the age of 21. The fourth section examines the policeenforcement powers that are required to implementeffective youth impaired driving policies. If theprovince or territory has not already done so, itshould give the police express statutory authority tostop vehicles and demand documentation from bothbeginning drivers and any supervising adult.Moreover, the police need to be given expressstatutory authority to demand roadside breathtesting from drivers and supervisors who aresubject to a zero BAC restriction. Such measureshave been shown to have significant traffic safetybenefits, in that they deter drinking and driving, byincreasing the perceived risks of detection and

sanction. Drivers who violate the zero BACrestriction should be subject to an immediatelicence suspension and other appropriateadministrative sanctions. MADD Canada alsorecommends establishing systematic sobrietycheckpoint programs in areas that routinelygenerate large numbers of young impaired driversand pedestrians.Measures are also needed to address the fact thatyoung people have the highest reported rates ofdriving under the influence of cannabis and otherillicit drugs. We recommend that the police begiven express statutory authority to demandparticipation in a standard field sobriety test fromany driver they reasonably suspect has drugs in hisor her body. These and similar powers are essentialif the police are to effectively enforce the existingfederal criminal prohibition on driving while one’sability to do so is impaired by drugs. The fifthsection of the study begins with a summary of ourrecommendations, and then identifies five prioritiesfor immediate action. Our priorities reflect theneed to address both the hazardous patterns ofalcohol and drug consumption among Canadianyouth, and their lack of driving skills andexperience. These priorities are:• More rigorous enforcement of the existing liquorlicence prohibitions against selling, serving orgiving alcohol to minors or intoxicatedindividuals, particularly in licensedestablishments catering to youth;

• Implementation of a comprehensive GLPcomprised of three licensing stages;

• Enactment of a zero BAC limit for all driversunder the age of 21;

• Enactment of express statutory authoritypermitting the police to stop vehicles and inspectdocumentation, to demand breath samples fromdrivers and supervisors who are subject to aGLP, and to demand breath samples from driverssubject to an age-related zero BAC restriction; and

• Introduction of systematic sobriety checkpointprograms in areas that traditionally have highconcentrations of young impaired drivers andpedestrians.

(...Youth and Impaired continued)


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Rating The Provinces And Territories:

continued...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY• MADD Canada has released this comprehensive

study to provide the provinces and territories withinformation on realistic and effective measures thatwill reduce impaired driving in their jurisdiction.Rating The Provinces And Territories: The 2006Report Card serves as the basis for MADD Canada’songoing discussions with the provincial andterritorial governments on the critical role that theycan play in reducing impaired driving.

• A legislative summary was prepared for eachprovince and territory. The summaries examinedfour subject areas: licensing; police enforcementpowers; licence suspensions and revocations; andvehicle sanctions and remedial programs.

• Jurisdictions were rated against The 2006 RatingScale. It was based on the comprehensive review ofthe traffic safety research undertaken in preparingthree recent MADD Canada documents, namely:The 2003 MADD Canada Model; Youth andImpaired Driving in Canada: Opportunities forProgress; and Alcohol, Trauma and ImpairedDriving, 3rd ed. All three background documentshave been published and are also available onMADD Canada’s website.

• The 2006 Rating Scale identified traffic safetymeasures that hold the greatest promise forsubstantial reductions in impaired driving. It alsoserved as the basis for the assessments of theprovincial and territorial legislative summaries thatwere conducted by two independent traffic safetyresearch experts.

• As in the past, The 2006 Rating Scale reflects thefollowing underlying principles:

-Obtaining and holding a licence is aprivilege and not a right;-Traffic authorities must be empowered to

take action to prevent tragedies, not justreact after the event by sanctioning thoseresponsible;

-The police need broader investigatoryauthority to efficiently detect impaireddrivers and obtain admissible evidence;-Administrative proceedings are far moreexpedient, efficient and inexpensive thanpenal sanctions, and more appropriate forthe regulatory issues relating to the

The 2006 Report CardA Comprehensive Review of Provincial and Territorial Impaired Driving Laws

Manitoba A-

Ontario B

Newfoundland and Labrador B-

Alberta B-

Saskatchewan B-

Northwest Territories B-

Yukon C+

British Columbia C+

Quebec C

Prince Edward Island D+

Nova Scotia D+

New Brunswick D

Nunavut F


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licensing of drivers, vehicle sanctions andremedial programs; and

-Public safety should be given the highestpriority in framing provincial andterritorial impaired driving legislation.

• Consistent with the expressed preference ofmost of the provinces and territories,MADD Canada has narrowed the scope ofThe 2006 Report Card relative to its 2000and 2003 counterpart. In selecting the fivecore elements of The 2006 Rating Scale,priority was given to measures that willgarner the greatest public support andhave the most significant impact inreducing impaired driving crashes. Thefive core elements are outlined below:

-a comprehensive graduated licensingprogram for all new drivers, includingexpress police powers to enforce it;- a .00% BAC limit for all drivers under 21or with less than five years drivingexperience;

- express police powers to stop vehicles,establish sobriety checkpoints, anddemand Standard Field Sobriety Testingfrom suspected alcohol and/or drug-impaired drivers;

- a strengthening of the existing short-termroadside licence suspension programs fordrivers with BACs of .05% or higher toinclude a 7-14 day licence suspension, a$150-$300 licence reinstatement fee, therecording of the suspension on the driver’srecord, and mandatory remedial measuresfor repeat violations; and

- mandatory alcohol interlock, vehicleimpoundment and forfeiture, and remedialprograms.

• MADD Canada is generally pleased with theprogress that has been made since 2003, and this isreflected in the fact that a majority of jurisdictionswere awarded at least marginally higher grades in2006 than in 2003. Almost all of the provinces andterritories have introduced some measures tostrengthen their impaired driving legislation sinceThe 2003 Report Card. However, while some

jurisdictions have made major strides, others havedone relatively little.

• Manitoba has again led the way in introducingimportant legislative reforms, and Newfoundlandand Labrador, the Northwest Territories and Albertahave also made significant progress.

• In contrast, Nova Scotia and Québec have fallensharply in the rankings, and New Brunswick,Nunavut and Prince Edward Island have made littleprogress from their poor showing in 2003.

• In the seven years since MADD Canada initiatedthis project, considerable progress has been madewith respect to graduated licensing programs,provincial suspensions for federal impaired drivingoffences, and alcohol interlock, vehicleimpoundment and remedial programs. On the otherhand, the lack of progress in regard to policeenforcement powers has been disappointing.

• The provincial and territorial legislative summariesincorporated all relevant statutes and regulations,legislation that had been enacted but not yetproclaimed in force, and related information ongovernment websites. We also took into accountany pertinent administrative practices or policiesthat government officials brought to our attentionprior to August 24, 2006.

• Despite the considerable legislative improvementsthat some jurisdictions have made, impaired trafficdeaths are rising in Canada. This troubling trend,coupled with the expected increase in younginexperienced drivers on our roads, highlights theneed for continued strengthening of the provincialand territorial laws.

• The chart on the following page summarizes theoverall performance of the provinces and territoriesin 2006 and their ranking and grade from theprevious comprehensive reviews. For a moredetailed discussion of each jurisdiction’s 2006ranking and grade, readers are encouraged to reviewthe individual provincial and territorial summarieswhich start on page 20 of this report.

(...Rating the Provinces continued)

continued...


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SYNOPSIS: Nova Scotia scored well for its minimumdriving age. It scored poorly on its graduated licensingprogram, police enforcement powers, and alcoholinterlock and vehicle impoundment programs. Inaddition, it needs to introduce a 24-hour suspension forunfitness, improve its short-term administrative licencesuspension and introduce vehicle forfeiture.

GRADE AND RANKING: Nova Scotia received a D+and ranked eleventh in the 2006 Report, down six placesfrom the 2003 Report.

LICENSING: The minimum age of licensed driving inNova Scotia is 16. Nova Scotia has a graduatedlicensing system which includes passenger and time-of-day restrictions, but no high-speed roadway restrictions.The minimum length of the program is two years andthree months, during which learners and newly-licenseddrivers are subject to a .00% BAC restriction. There isno BAC restriction on supervising drivers. Nova Scotiadoes not impose a .00% BAC limit on fully-licenseddrivers under the age of 21 or in their first five years ofdriving. It is an offence for a learner or newly-licensed

driver to have a BAC over .00% or to fail to provide asample. Under Nova Scotia’s demerit point system,learners and newly-licensed drivers are subject to lowerpoint thresholds than other drivers.

POLICE ENFORCEMENT POWERS: The policedo not have express statutory authority to demand thatdrivers stop their vehicle or to demand that driversprovide documentation. Nova Scotia does not give thepolice statutory authority to demand that a driver whothey reasonably suspect has alcohol or drugs in his orher body participate in Standard Field Sobriety Testing.The police do not have authority to demand a breath,blood, saliva, or urine sample from a person reasonablysuspected of having been a driver in a fatal or personalinjury crash.

LICENCE SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS:Nova Scotia legislation does not authorize police tosuspend a driver’s licence for 24 hours because thedriver is unfit to drive for reasons other than alcohol ordrug impairment. The police in Nova Scotia are notauthorized to issue a 7-14 day administrative licencesuspension to a driver if they: (i) reasonably believe that


continued...

CHART I: OVERALL RANKINGS AND GRADES

JURISDICTION

Manitoba 1st A- 1st B 4th COntario 2nd B 2nd B 1st C+Newfoundland and Labrador 3rd B- 9t D+ 10th D+Alberta 4th B- 7th C- 6th C- Saskatchewan 5th B- 4th C 5th C- Northwest Territories 6th B- 12th D- 12th F Yukon 7th C+ 6th C- 9th D+British Columbia 8th C+ 8th D+ 2nd C+Québec 9th C 3rd C+ 7th C-Prince Edward Island 10th D+ 11th D+ 8th D+ Nova Scotia 11th D+ 5th C 3rd CNew Brunswick 12th D 10th D+ 11th DNunavut 13th F 13th F N/A N/A

RANKINGS AND GRADES2006 2003 2000


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his or her ability to drive is impaired by alcohol ordrugs; or (ii) the driver registers a BAC of .05% or higher on a breath, blood or urine test. However, NovaScotia does have a less comprehensive shorttermsuspension. If a driver registers a BAC of .05% ormore, the police are authorized to request the surrenderof his or her licence. Similarly, the police may demandthe surrender of the licence of any driver who is chargedwith impaired driving, driving with a BAC above .08%,or refusing to provide breath or blood samples, withouta reasonable excuse. The driver is required to surrenderhis or her licence, and the police request triggers alicence revocation and a 24-hour suspension. It appearsto be police policy to forward a record of the suspensionto the Registrar, but not the surrendered licence. Thereare no standard consequences for accumulating 24-hoursuspensions. However, the Registrar does have broadgeneral powers to require a driver to submit to anexamination and to successfully complete a driverimprovement program. If the police have reasonableand probable grounds to believe, by reason of breath orblood analysis, that a driver has a BAC above .08%,they must seize the driver’s licence. Similarly, theymust seize the licence of a driver who they havereasonable and probable grounds to believe has failed toprovide a sample without a reasonable excuse. Thedriver is allowed to drive for 7 days on a temporarylicence and is then prohibited from driving for 90 days.Drivers are required to successfully complete an alcoholrehabilitation program prior to reinstatement. There areno prescribed consequences for drivers who accumulate90-day prohibitions. However, as indicated, theRegistrar has broad general powers to require a driver tosubmit to an examination and to successfully completea driver improvement program.

VEHICLE AND REMEDIAL PROGRAMS: NovaScotia does not yet have an alcohol interlock program.However, amendments which are currently scheduled tocome into force by no later than January 1, 2007, wouldcreate a program. Under the proposed amendments,every driver whose licence is revoked or suspended fora federal impaired driving offence, and every driverwho receives a 90-day administrative licencesuspension, would be required to participate in analcohol interlock and monitoring program prior toreinstatement. Specific vehicle impoundmentlegislation was enacted in 1998, but it has still not beenproclaimed in force. Under it, the police will berequired to detain the vehicle of a person driving whilehis or her licence or privilege to obtain a licence has

been revoked under certain circumstances. The policewill then notify the Registrar, who will have theauthority to order the vehicle impounded for 90 days fora first occurrence. Nova Scotia legislation does notauthorize the forfeiture of a driver’s vehicle. Everydriver whose licence is revoked or suspended for afederal impaired driving offence, and every driver whoreceives a 90-day administrative licence suspension,must participate in a rehabilitation program prior tolicence reinstatement. Federal impaired drivingoffenders who re-offend or receive a 90-day suspensionare required to attend an assessment with AddictionServices.

continued...

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GOVERNMENT OF NOVA SCOTIAgov.ns.ca

ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGN LAUNCHEDDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKS (TO OCT. 23 2007)

FEBRUARY 27, 2007 10:09 AM

Young men will be asked to give drinking anddriving a sober second thought the next time theygo to a movie theatre or bar in Nova Scotia.

A new road safety campaign was launched today,Feb. 27, with an emphasis on educating youngmen about the dangers of this behaviour.

Angus MacIsaac, Minister of Transportation andPublic Works, said male drivers aged 20 to 25account for a disproportionately high percentage ofdrinking and driving casualties in Nova Scotia.

"The campaign is aimed at saving lives andpreventing injuries due to drinking and driving,"said Mr. MacIsaac. "It will play a part in a largerstrategy to make our province a better place."

Movie theatre advertising was selected becauseabout 75 per cent of men aged 20 to 25 attend amovie at least once per month. The campaign willalso reach the target audience in bars anduniversities.

The campaign is funded by the departments ofTransportation and Public Works and HealthPromotion and Protection.

"Drinking and driving is dangerous andirresponsible," said Barry Barnet, Minister ofHealth Promotion and Protection. "It is my hopethat this campaign will help young men make the

right decision when it comes to drinking anddriving and decrease the suffering caused byfatalities and preventable injuries."

Murray Scott, Minister of Justice, said police madea major contribution to the campaign by providingtime and resources to its development.

"Law enforcement officers are on the front lines inthe fight to stop impaired driving," said Mr. Scott."I'd like to thank representatives from the lawenforcement community for their importantcontribution to the development of this campaign."

The ads were developed by Halifax-basedExtreme Group. A 37-second ad will play beforemovies on 55 movie screens across the provinceover the next five weeks. The ad will be shown onnine video screens at Nova Scotia universitiesduring the same time period. A posteradvertisement will be placed on 125 mini boards inbars across the province.

Mr. MacIsaac said this is the first phase of acampaign to create increased awareness aboutthe dangers of drinking and driving, and otherimportant road safety issues.

The campaign ads can be seen on the Departmentof Transportation and Public Works website at

www.gov.ns.ca/tran


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It's About ControlAlcohol-induced impairment is the greatest contributingfactor in many motor vehicle fatalities. The basic ruleunderlying all safe driving is to keep your vehicle undercontrol at all times.Drivers who have consumed alcohol do not havecomplete control over themselves, and therefore cannotbe in control of a vehicle. They are a danger tothemselves and others.

What Alcohol DoesAlcohol is not a stimulant. From the first drink itdepresses the central nervous system. The feeling ofstimulation is because the higher functions of the brain,including social restraints and judgement, are impaired.When alcohol enters the stomach, it does not have to bedigested. It is absorbed through the walls of the stomachand the small intestine into the bloodstream whichcarries it throughout the body.In the brain, alcohol first depresses the area of higherfunction. Next it attacks the simple motor functions,reaction time and vision. Balance, co-ordination andsensory perception are the next faculties to be impaired.Concentrated drinking will eventually lead to stupor,coma and even, if continued steadily, death.The most important factors contributing to alcoholicimpairment are the amount of alcohol absorbed into theblood and the amount of time allowed for theelimination of this alcohol. The human body works tochange alcohol into nourishment and/or to pass it out ofthe body, but it can only do this at a slow rate. This rateis affected by such other factors as body weight, thequantity and type of food in the stomach and the type ofalcoholic beverage consumed.

How the Body Handles AlcoholThe liver breaks down about 90 per cent of the alcohola person consumes into usable food. The lungs andkidneys eliminate most of the remainder. But these human body processes need time to removealcohol from one's system. In terms of usual alcoholicbeverages, it takes more than an hour to eliminate each340 ml bottle of beer or 40 ml drink or 80 ml ofunfortified wine.Some people seem to be able to "hold their liquor" betterthan others, and this excuse is often used by those whodo not want to believe that a few drinks can seriouslyimpair driving ability. Because of body weight, fatigue,emotional condition, or a number of other reasons,individuals may show differing effects from drinking

the same amount of alcohol. However, they may beequally impaired.Another danger develops when the alcohol starts to"wear off". You can easily convince yourself that you nolonger feel the effects and are perfectly sober. This stateof mind is a delusion. You are comparing your peakfeeling of impairment with the declining impairmentthat you feel as your body eliminates the alcohol fromthe blood. But you are not sober. You are only making adangerous comparison.FallaciesMost of us have tried them at one time or another --black coffee, cold showers, taking a jog around theblock. But we must recognize them for what they are --ineffective. There is only one thing that can sober aperson: time.Drugs and/or MedicationWhile alcohol is the most common cause of driverimpairment, there are other substances, such as illegaldrugs or medications that can create a safety hazard.Many illegal drugs are extremely dangerous to use,especially when driving. As well, some medications,either prescription or over-the-counter drugs, are knownto cause inattention and drowsiness. Take great care not to drive while taking these drugs.Examples of Prescription Drugs That May AffectDriving Skills:

• Analgesics- Codeine- Other narcotics

• Antidepressants- Tricyclic antidepressants

• Antiemetic agents• Antihistamines• Antipsychotic drugs

- Haloperidol- Major tranquillizers- Phenothiazines (i.e., chlorpromazine)

• Ophthalmic preparations• Sedatives and anxiolytics

- Barbiturates- Benzodiazepines

• Skeletal muscle relaxants• Other

- Antihypertensive drugs - Antineoplastic agents

Alcohol and DrivingAlcohol is Alcohol, Don’t Drink and DriveNova Scotia’s road safety social marketing campaign is reaching young drivers with a message about drinking and driving.

continued...


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Alcohol and the LawEven if you are well below the .08 level of alcohol in theblood that is accepted as the legal level in law, you canstill be impaired; and the courts recognize this. Beingcaught at above .08 per cent blood alcohol in thebloodstream, in itself, is a criminal offense. But you canbe impaired on one drink and can be charged andconvicted with less than .08 in your bloodstream if youshow other symptoms of impairment.The average blood alcohol content of convictedalcohol-involved drivers in Nova Scotia is .16 per cent-- twice the legal level.FAILURE OR REFUSAL TO PROVIDE A SAMPLE:The courts will convict a person who, without areasonable excuse, fails or refuses to provide a sampleof their breath or blood to a peace officer.The Criminal Code of CanadaUnder the Criminal Code of Canada a person commitsan offense when operating or in care or control of amotor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or drugs eventhough their blood alcohol level is less than 80milligrams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood (.08 per cent).Penalties can include fines, imprisonment, or both, anda prohibition from driving. Convictions may result inthe loss of insurance, higher insurance rates, and loss ofemployment.If a peace officer has "reasonable and probablegrounds" to suspect the presence of alcohol, the driverof a vehicle may be demanded to supply a sample ofbreath in an approved screening device (ALERT), or toaccompany the peace officer to provide a breath samplefor analysis (Breathalyzer). If the person is unable toprovide a breath sample, the peace officer may demanda sample of blood be taken by a qualified medicalpractitioner for analysis. It is an offense to refuse toprovide these samples.Penalties in Nova Scotia Penalties in Nova Scotia for driving while impaired areoutlined below, and all fines and assessment fees mustbe paid by the driver. The judge's decision andsentencing is based upon the specific facts of each case.Fines and jail terms can also be affected by whether anydeaths, bodily harm or dangerous driving resulted fromthe motorist's actions.

1ST OFFENCE:• a fine of $600 to $2000 • revocation of driving privileges for one year from thedate of conviction (not the date of being charged) • completion of an Addiction/Drug DependencyServices assessment program ($366, your cost) • licence reinstatement fee of $100 (your cost)• you might also be required to be re-take any and allof your driver's tests, including written, road, andvision tests.

2ND OFFENCE, WITHIN A 10-YEAR PERIOD:• a fine of $600 to $2000• possible prison term of at least 14 days* • revocation of driving privileges for three years fromthe date of conviction (not the date of being charged) • completion of an Addiction/Drug DependencyServices assessment program ($366) • licence reinstatement fee ($100) • you must re-take your driver's tests: written, road,and vision tests.

3RD OFFENCE, WITHIN A 10-YEAR PERIOD:• a fine of $600 to $2000 • prison term of at least 90 days* • revocation of driving privileges is indefinite(minimum of ten years) from the date of conviction(not the date you were charged)• completion of an Addiction/Drug DependencyServices assessment program ($366) • licence reinstatement fee ($100) • you must re-take your driver's tests: written, road,and vision tests.

4TH OFFENCE, WITHIN A 10-YEAR PERIOD:• permanent revocation in addition to all of thepenalties provided under the Criminal Code ofCanada

* Persons prosecuted by indictment for offences underSections 253, 254 of the Criminal Code (Canada) areliable to receive a prison term of up to five years.Persons prosecuted by way of summary convictionunder these sections are liable to receive a prison termof up to six months.

(...Alcohol and Driving continued)

www.gov.ns.ca


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Crime, Punishment and SafetyMaking conduct criminal is society's ultimate condemnation. The purpose of criminal law was originallyto punish the perpetrators of serious misdeeds such as assault, robbery, rape and murder.

Canadaʼs prison statistics reflect a rising use of criminal law. Since the mid 1980s, this country ísincarceration rate has become one of the highest among Western-style democracies, second only to theUS. More and more people are going to jail, but crime rates have been dropping.

There is pressure to use the Criminal Code of Canada as a preventive tool on the premise that criminalpenalties act as a deterrent. The “spanking law” is a recent example. In 2003, the Supreme Court ofCanada upheld a decision by the Ontario Court of Appeal to allow parents to use reasonable force todiscipline children. The appeal court said that no other country in the world has criminalized all forms ofphysical punishment by parents.

The push to criminalize unsafe or potentially harmful behaviour raises important public policy issues. Arecriminal penalties a more effective tool than less severe regulatory sanctions to prevent unsafe acts? Isthe public better protected when unsafe behaviour is treated as a criminal offence rather than aregulatory or administrative matter? Do harsher punishments for unsafe behaviour bring correspondingimprovements in public safety?

Criminal Offences and Regulatory Violations

Under Canadaʼs constitution, the federal government is responsible for criminal law. On the other hand,provincial and territorial regulations cover many aspects of day-to-day safety. This division of powers isunique to our country, making international comparisons difficult.

Occupational health and safety has always been regulated by provincial and territorial legislation.However, in 2003 the federal government stepped in, to make organizations and individuals criminallyliable for harm caused at work. Bill C-45 was a response to the deaths of 26 miners in May 1992 in anexplosion at the Westray Mine in Nova Scotia.

Provincial and territorial highway traffic acts regulate driving violations such as speeding and failure tostop at a red light. However, impaired driving offences are crimes. In fact, impaired operation of a vehicleis the single largest category of charges under the Criminal Code of Canada, accounting for 12 per centof all criminal offences.

Drivers with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) above 0.08 are subject to criminal penalties becauseof the likelihood that they will cause harm. Drinking drivers with BACs below 0.08 are subject to roadsidelicence suspensions under most highway traffic acts.

Regulatory and administrative sanctions, such as fines and licence suspensions, protect the public byproviding a swift and certain response. In contrast, criminal justice is a complex process. In cases whichwould be straightforward if a regulatory approach were used, a criminal court may not be able to convict.


continued...


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(...Crime, Punishment and Safety continued)

Justifiably, the legal process to charge and convict someone is intricate and costly. Criminal Codepenalties can be imposed only if guilt is proven beyond a doubt, and many safeguards apply to protectthe rights of the accused and to prevent wrongful conviction. (David Milgaard, for example, wassentenced to life in prison for a murder he did not commit.)

Individuals charged with criminal offences often choose to defend themselves rather than pleading guilty,due to the devastating personal consequences of a conviction. Even though criminal sanctions areharsh, the sentence itself is only part of the actual punishment. A criminal record is a lifelong stigma thatbrings ongoing restrictions on travel outside Canada and limits job opportunities.

Do Criminal Penalties Prevent Unsafe Acts?

A study in the May 2004 issue of the American Journal of Public Health casts grave doubt on the ideathat criminal sanctions are in fact an effective deterrent. Researchers found no evidence that usingcriminal law either decreases or increases use of marijuana. Patterns of use in Amsterdam and SanFrancisco were similar, despite very different national drug policies. Highly punitive criminal sanctions inthe US have not resulted in lower use of the drug.

This study has implications for public policy. The idea that criminal penalties deter unsafe behaviourmore effectively than less severe sanctions should be seriously questioned.

Research clearly shows that people are less likely to offend when they believe they will be caught. Mostchronic offenders ó the ones who cause the most harmó do not believe they will be caught. Penalties,regardless of severity, have little preventive effect unless they are seen to be enforced. Visibleenforcement has a greater impact on safety than simply having tough penalties on the books.

Certainty of punishment has a greater deterrent effect than severity of punishment. Hence, from aprevention standpoint, the critical factors are enforcement and conviction, rather than the nature of thepenalty itself.

Bill C-45 imposes criminal liability for workplace safety. While this may satisfy a desire to punish thoseresponsible, the Canada Safety Councilʼs question is, will it prevent workplace casualties? Nova Scotiamade comprehensive changes to its workplace health and safety laws after Westray. In the 12 yearssince, no workplace disaster of this magnitude has occurred anywhere in Canada. Lessons werelearned, and action was taken. It will be hard to measure the preventive impact, if any, of criminal law incomparison with properly enforced regulations.

The Purpose of Sentencing: Punishment or Prevention?

There is little evidence that harsh penalties are the best way to prevent further offences.

In 1998, the Australian state of New South Wales doubled the maximum penalties for most drink-drivingoffences. An analysis of the impact of these harsher penalties was released in June 2004. It found thatafter the tougher penalties went into effect, there was a slight reduction in recidivism rates for drinkingdrivers. However, the changes were not substantial, and no reductions were seen in Sydney, the largesturban area in the state.

If stricter punishment is the most effective deterrent, offenders who go to jail should be less likely to re-offend when released than those sentenced to the milder penalty of probation. Yet the two groups tendto re-offend at about the same rates. There is evidence that long prison sentences without other remedialprograms may actually increase the chances of re-offending after release. Very brief incarceration doesappear to reduce recidivism with first-time offenders.

continued...


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(...Crime, Punishment and Safety continued)

Canadaʼs growing prison population, mounting evidence that jail time does not reduce the chances of re-offending, and other factors have led to increasing use of conditional sentences. While the public tendsto view such sentences as ìsoftî, they allow the judge to tailor the sentence to fit the crime and theindividual. A recent study found that offenders preferred house arrest but found it no easier than closedcustody. Conditional sentences can establish an environment for positive behaviour change.

Some want to eliminate conditional sentences for impaired driving causing death or serious injury, infavour of jail time. This demand may be driven by a sense of justice based on punishing offenders forthe devastation they have caused. However, if the primary objective is to prevent them from continuingto drink and drive after their sentence has been completed, house arrest offers more potential.Conditions can be set, for example, to address drinking problems, limit the people with whom theoffender can associate, and ensure the licence suspension is observed. If an offender can berehabilitated, conditional sentencing makes sense from a safety standpoint.

Judges determine the right balance of punishment and prevention within limits set by the law. Legislatorstherefore must allow sanctions to address risk factors which led to the offence in the first place, such asalcohol dependency, relationships and attitude. For crimes related to impaired driving, removingsentencing options could compromise public safety.

Put Safety First

Prior to the June 2004 federal election, the justice minister introduced criminal legislation to deal withdrivers impaired by drugs. However, drug-impaired driving is a very complicated issue.

Defensible criminal impairment levels have not been established for substances other than alcohol. Tocomplicate the matter, some drugs, such as cannabis, can be detected in the body long after their effecthas worn off. If and when criminal impairment levels can be set, tools will have to be approved tomeasure those levels, and police trained to use those tools.

Criminal legislation is premature. Yet immediate action is needed to protect the public. The CanadaSafety Council has urged provincial and territorial governments to consider imposing administrativelicence suspensions when police have reason to believe a driverís ability is being adversely affected byany drug, legal or illegal. Highway traffic acts could easily incorporate such a measure to take druggeddrivers off the road in the interest of public safety.

Prevention is a more challenging goal than punishment. Yet in the long term, it is far more cost effective.Regulatory approaches often provide the most effective tools to prevent unsafe behaviour, provided themeasures are well-enforced and supported by public education. To achieve some safety outcomes,legislation may not be needed at all; for example, increased public awareness may lead to the desiredoutcome. Where there is malicious intent or wanton disregard for safety, criminal law is appropriate.

Positive change is achieved by approaches that apply human psychology to an objective analysis of theproblem - not by laws based on fear, retribution or political expediency.



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Drugs and the Older DriverNo matter what your age, being able to drive means independence. This independence comes with theresponsibility to drive safely.

"If you've driven for most of your life, you'll want to keep driving as long as possible," says Emile Therien,president of the Canada Safety Council. He points out that drivers over 80 are the fastest-growingsegment of the driving population. However, based on kilometres driven, older drivers have morecollisions than any other age group.

Can seniors be safe drivers? Definitely yes, maintains Therien, if they recognize age-related changesand adapt to them.

"Older drivers are also very likely to be taking several medications, some of which may affect drivingskills," he continues. "To be a safe driver, you need to use your medication correctly and know how it canaffect your ability to drive."

According to the Canada Safety Council, the main factors in collisions involving older drivers are slowresponse, not seeing a sign, car, or pedestrian, and interaction with other drivers. Medications can makea driver more susceptible to any of these factors - and Canadians over age 65 take an average of ninemedications daily, including prescription, over-the-counter and herbal.1

How Medications Affect Driving

Medication can have a positive or negative effect on driving ability. Some people, such as epileptics, maynot be able to drive at all without medication. An older driver with untreated depression is at high risk due to decreased concentration and slower decision making. However, treatment may also carry a risk - 10milligrams of ValiumÆ (an anti-anxiety medication) can produce more driving impairment than a bloodalcohol concentration of 0.10; the Criminal Code limit in Canada is 0.08.

Physicians prescribe benzodiazepines, to combat anxiety and insomnia among seniors. They can haveside effects such as drowsiness, impaired motor function and confusion. A Montreal study of more than224,000 drivers aged from 67 to 84 found that those on a long-acting form of benzodiazepine had 45 per cent more injury-related collisions.2

Drugs that slow you down also reduce your ability to make decisions and process information rapidly.Seniors taking painkillers which contain codeine or propoxyphene may experience sedation and mildimpairment. Even over-the-counter drugs can reduce driving ability. Antihistamines can causedrowsiness and poor concentration. Tranquilizers or cold remedies, such as cold tablets, cough syrup,and sleeping pills, can reduce driving ability. Most seniors do not discuss their over-the-counter drugswith their doctor.

Combinations of drugs can produce unexpected side effects and bad reactions. If you have more thanone doctor prescribing medications without knowing what the others are prescribing, or if your doctordoes not know about the over-the-counter drugs you are taking, you could be in danger.



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41 Thornhill Dr. Dartmouth Tel: 902 468-7520

CONGRATULATIONS TO PANS IN CELEBRATING 38 YEARS IN SERVICE TO OUR MARITIME COMMUNITIES

20 MacDonald Avenue, Burnside Industrial ParkDartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 1C5t: 468.8040 f: 468.4839www.stevensgroup.ca

WATERBURY NEWTONBarristers & SolicitorsFull service law firm

www.wnns.ca

469 Main StreetKentville, NSP.O. Box 98B4N 3V9Tel: (902) 678-3257Fax: (902) 678-7727

188 Commercial St.Berwick, NSP.O. BoxB0P 1E0Tel: (902) 538-3168Fax: (902) 538-8680

Kentville office Toll free 1-877-559-8585

Jeff NewtonSite ManagerKeddy Aggregate

e-mail: [email protected]

Keddy Aggregate OperationGeneral Delivery, ColdbrookKings Co. N.S. B4R 1B6Ph: (902) 679-6604Ph: (902) 679-6606Fax: (902) 679-6679A MEMBER OF THE SHAW GROUP LIMITED


(...Drugs and the Older Driver continued)

Alcohol has a powerful impact on the body, physically and psychologically. With age, tolerance foralcohol decreases steadily, and the body processes it less efficiently. Combining alcohol withmedications is risky whether or not you are behind the wheel. For instance, it can lead to falls. The onlysafe practice is to avoid alcohol completely if there is any chance that you will have to drive.

Impaired driving, whether due to medications, alcohol or a combination, is not only dangerous andsocially unacceptable. It is also a criminal offence.

Tips for Older Drivers on Medications

Driving is a complicated task, so don't let yourself be impaired by any kind of medication, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal or alternative remedies.

• Take all medications according to the instructions. • Ask your doctor or pharmacist about the effects of prescribed medications on driving, and

whether even a small amount of alcohol will increase the effect. • Make sure the combination of your medications does not impair your driving skills. If you have

more than one doctor, make sure all of them know everything you are taking. • Never mix medications, share them with another person, or take them in combination with

alcohol. • If the label says "Do not use while operating heavy machinery" let someone else drive. With

some medications, you may not be able to drive at all. If in doubt, choose not to drive • Take a driver improvement course, such as the Canada Safety Council's 55 Alive. Aging brings

changes in hearing, vision, flexibility and reaction time. You can learn to compensate for thosechanges.

Some Medication Effects For The Older DriverOlder drivers need to know how prescription medicines and over-the-counter drugs can affect theirdriving ability. Here are some examples.


Medical Condition Type Of Medication Potential Effects

Anxiety Sedatives Drowsiness, staggering,blurred vision

Arthritis and rheumatism Analgesics (pain relievers) Drowsiness, inability toconcentrate, ringing in ears

Common cold Antihistamines, Antitussive(cough suppressants)

Drowsiness, blurred vision,dizziness

Fatigue Stimulants Overexcitability, false sense ofalertness, dizziness

Heart Arrhythmia Antiarrhythmics Blurred vision, dizziness

Hypertension Antihypertensives(blood pressure drugs)

Drowsiness, blurred vision,dizziness

1. Prescriptions for Health: Report of the Pharmaceutical Inquiry of Ontario, (The Lowy Commission Report), Toronto, 1990.2. Benzodiazepine Use and Crash Risk in Older Patients by Samy Suissa, Ph.D., of McGill University and Montreal's RoyalVictoria Hospital. JAMA . 1998 279: 113-115.

A D E METRO MIDTOWN TAXI LTD.138 ARCHIMEDES STNEW GLASGOW(902) 752-5451

ALDERWOOD REST HOMEPO BOX 218BADDECK(902) 295-2644

ALTUS GROUP1969 UPPER WATER ST STE 901HALIFAX(902) 420-8880

ANGELIKA WELLER AND DR A. MOMIN KHALIFA2085 HILLSIDE BOULARDERIE RDHILLSIDE BOULARDERIE(902) 736-1521

ANGUS H W FUNERAL HOME LTD.256 KING ST.NEW GLASGOW(902) 752-2545

APPLE AUTO GLASS41- A ILSLEY AVE.DARTMOUTH(902) 468-8201

ATIK UPHOLSTERY287 MAIN STDARTMOUTH(902) 469-9679

ATLANTIC WHOLESALERS120 EILEEN STUBBSDARTMOUTH(902) 468-8866

ATLAS COLD STORAGE20 PETTIPAS DRDARTMOUTH(902) 468-4622

ATLAS COLD STORAGE20 PETTIPAS DRDARTMOUTH(902) 468-4622

AVON VIEW HIGH SCHOOLPO BOX 700WINDSOR(902) 792-6740

B CLEAN MOBILE WASH LTD.100 SPIDER LAKE RDWAVERLEY(902) 435-6323

BAYERS LAKE LAW OFFICE102 CHAIN LAKE DRHALIFAX(902) 405-3040

BIRCHWOOD CAMPGROUNDS & CABINSHIGHWAY 376PICTOU(902) 485-8565

BOB CAMERONRR #7ANTIGONISH(902) 863-2061

C EDWIN SPERRY ELECTRICAL LIMITEDRR #1PETITE RIVIERE(902) 688-2175

CAMPBELL & MACKEEN BARRISTER & SOLICITORSPO BOX 200GUYSBOROUGH(902) 533-2644

CANADIAN SALT CO. LTD.P.O. BOX 160PUGWASH(902) 243-2511

CANADIAN TIRE699 WESTVILLE RDNEW GLASGOW(902) 752-4125

CARE CHOICES STRAIGHT FROM THE HEART INC.PO BOX 183 STN MAINBRIDGEWATER(902) 527-1622

CENTURY HYUNDAI138 MAIN ST.TRURO(902) 895-1900


Sandy & SonsFisheries Ltd.

Box 43 Port MoutonQueens Co., N.S. Canada BOT 1T0

Ph: 902-683-2781Fax: 902-683-2420

GreenwoodPetro-Canada

PO Box 1749Greenwood, NS

B0P 1N0

902.765.8111

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Professional ListingsCLANSMAN MOTEL LTD.PO BOX 216NORTH SYDNEY(902) 794-7226

COBEQUID RUST CHECK LTD.123 COBEQUID RDLOWER SACKVILLE(902) 830-7950

COLBOURNES SPORTS & TROPHIES190 GREY STSYDNEY(902) 539-4874

COLE B DR SURGC/O ABERDEEN HOSP 835 EAST RIVER RD., NEW GLASGOW(902) 752-6534

CONCERTIA TECHNOLOGIES INC.1869 UPPER WATER ST 1ST FLOORHALIFAX(902) 491-4496

CREATIVE SUNROOMS OF NS LTD.63 MCQUADE LAKE CRESHALIFAX(902) 455-7866

CROWELL DENTURE CLINIC114 WOODLAWN RD.DARTMOUTH(902) 435-9905

DR. MICHAEL GALLIVAN65 MINTOGLACE BAY(902) 849-0300

DUPUIS AUTO SRV. & SALES272 WINDMILL ROADDARTMOUTH(902) 461-2818

DYNASTY PLAZA381 ALEXANDERSYDNEY(902) 539-8770

EUROWERKS BY BURT PAGE3470 KEMPT. RDHALIFAX(902) 453-9310

EVANGELINE EXCAVATINGBOX 179HANTSPORT(902) 542-5577

FERGUSON’S PHARMACY LTD.35 STIRLING ROADGLACE BAY(902) 849-0500

FIRST RATE MACHINING31 RADDALL AVE., UNIT 3DARTMOUTH(902) 468-1073

FIRST STUDENT CANADA LTDPO BOX 124WATERVILLE(902) 679-1418

FLYER SERVICES LTD.21 CHIPMAN DRKENTVILLE(902) 678-9217

FORTIS PROPERTIES CORP.1505 BARRINGTON ST., SUITE 1201HALIFAX(902) 429-3210

GALANTE'S EUROPEAN HAIR DESIGN114 WOODLAWN RD #4DARTMOUTH(902) 434-7123

GLASGOW PUB BEVERAGE ROOM300 STEWART STNEW GLASGOW(902) 755-9788

GLEN HAVEN MANOR739 EASTRIVER RDNEW GLASGOW(902) 752-2588

GLENHOLME TRANSPORTBOX 273DEBERT(902) 662-3828

GOLDEN DAWN FARMS AUTOMOTIVERR #1LAHAVE(902) 688-2960

GOW’S HOME HARDWARE LIMITED450 LAHAVE ST., EASTSIDE PLAZABRIDGEWATER(902) 543-7121

GUARANTEED SIDINGBOX 6, SITE 2LOWER L’ARDOISE(902) 587-2895

H & R MUSIC LTD.115 MACLEAN ST., BRIDGEVIEW SQ.NEW GLASGOW(902) 752-8717

HALIFAX WEST HIGH SCHOOL283 THOMAS RIDDALL DRHALIFAX(902) 457-8900

HAROLD’S SERVICE CTRRR#1 SIMS SETTLEMENTHUBBARDS(902) 857-9604

HODGSON’S CHIPPING LTD.1429 PICTOU RD. RR#2TRURO(902) 895-4579

HOWARD LITTLE EXCAVATING LTD.CAMBRIDGE STATION(902) 538-3275

HUBTOWN CRANE SERVICE LTD.716 TRURO HEIGHTS ROAD, R R #1TRURO(902) 893-7715

HYDROSTONE AUTO5684 WEST STREETHALIFAX(902) 454-9773

ISNER’S STABLES1060 OLD SAMBRO RDHALIFAX(902) 430-5731

J J BARRINGTON LTD.137 KINGS RDSYDNEY(902) 564-8150

JARDINE'S TAXI LTD67 PLEASANT STNORTH SYDNEY(902) 794-2414

JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY PO BOX 889WESTVILLE(902) 396-1999

JOUDREY’S AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE415 DUFFERINBRIDGEWATER(902) 543-7684


Professional ListingsKENWORTH NOVA SCOTIA35 MACGREGORNEW GLASGOW(902) 752-5502

LAWRENCE SARTY GARAGE4528 GRANVILLE ROADGRANVILLE FERRY(902) 532-2988

LIGHTHOUSE TRANSPORT CO.150 WRIGHT AVE.DARTMOUTH(902) 468-3696

LUNENBURG OCEANVIEW CHALETS78 OLD BLUE ROCKS RDLUNENBURG(902) 640-3344

MACK RESTAURANT EQUIPMENT LTD.STELLARTON(902) 752-4484

MARSHALL SMITH CONTRACTINGRR #2 SITE8 BOX2NEW GLASGOW(902) 923-2276

MAXWELL'S PLUM ENGLISH PUB1600 GRAFTON STHALIFAX(902) 423-5090

MAXWELL'S SERVICE CTR277 LOWER TRURO RDTRURO(902) 895-7444

MECO CONSTRUCTION/DISASTER KLEAN UP189 UNION STGLACE BAY(902) 849-0617

MOORE MANUFACTURINGNEW GERMANY(902) 644-1286

NEW ROSS HOME HARDWAREPO BOX 100NEW ROSS(902) 689-2026

ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORT MEDICINE5595 FENWICK ST #311HALIFAX(902) 421-7512

PAUL HASHEM SCRAPYARD 2002 LTD.81 BROOKLAND STSYDNEY(902) 564-6346

PIPER’S PUB33 COLLEGE STREETANTIGONISH(902) 863-2590

RAYWORTH & ROBERTS SURVEYS LTD.73 SPRING STREETAMHERST(902) 667-9254

S. G. TRASK & SONS LTD. WELL DRILLINGRR #1, SITE 2, COMP. 33CAMBRIDGE STATION(902) 538-3761

SAF-WAY AUTO PARTS LTD.361 GEORGE STREETSYDNEY(902) 539-9970

SALMAC DEVELOPMENTS INCRR#1NEWPORT(902) 497-5233

SCOTIA MASSAGE DIRECT BILLING AVAILABLE1600 BEDFORD HWY SUITE 421BEDFORD B4A 1E8(902) 431-1040

SEA CREST FISHERIES LTD.P.O. BOX 94SAULNIERVILLE(902) 769-2816

SENTINEL SECURITY SERVICES450 LAHAVE ST SUITE 207BRIDGEWATER(902) 527-8727

SOUTH SHORE READY MIX LTD.P.O. BOX 247BRIDGEWATER(902) 543-4639

STAIRS DIESEL SUPPLY LTD.12 WADDELL AVEDARTMOUTH(902) 468-5626

STEVE’S SATELLITE SALES5 CONLEY ROADSHUBENACADIE(902) 758-2309

SYDNEY VIDEO55 TOWNSEND ST.SYDNEY(902) 539-3334

THE ECONOMICAL INSURANCE GROUP200 WATERFRONT DR., SUITE 300BEDFORD(902) 835-6214

THIRD WAVE CONSULTING1326 LOWER WATER ST #604HALIFAX(902) 446-4732

TIM HORTONS PICTOU COUNTY687 EAST RIVER RD.NEW GLASGOW(902) 752-4471

TOWN & COUNTRY AUTO SALVAGE902 SIBLEY RDMIDDLE MUSQUODOBOIT(902) 384-3170

URBAN ORANGE6265 QUINPOOL RDHALIFAX(902) 444-4867

VALLEY STOVE & CYCLE LTD.360 MAIN ST SUITE 20WOLFVILLE(902) 542-7280

VEN REZ PRODUCTS LTD.PO BOX 399, 380 SANDY POINT RDSHELBURNE(902) 875-3178

W J DOOLEY FUNERAL SRV. LTD.107 PLEASANT STNORTH SYDNEY(902) 794-3418

WALLACE RITE STOPPO BOX 165WALLACE(902) 257-2022

WAYNE WHITE’S CONSTRUCTIONGENERAL DELIVERYCARLETON(902) 761-2734

WEDGEPORT LOBSTER LTD.BOX 400LOWER WEDGEPORT(902) 663-2551


Professional ListingsWEDGEPORT LOBSTER LTD.BOX 400LOWER WEDGEPORT(902) 663-2551

WELD PRO LTD1 WESTON CRTDARTMOUTH(902) 468-7191

WILDWOOD MOTELPO BOX 358SHELBURNE(902) 875-2964

WILSON’S HARDWARE LTD.(BUILDING CENTER)103 WARWICK STREETDIGBY(902) 245-4731

WYNN PUMPS & EQUIPMENT LTD2584 WESTVILLE RD.STELLARTON(902) 755-3680

Booster BoxesA & C AUTO REPAIRSHELBURNE (902) 875-2307

A B B INC.DARTMOUTH (902) 468-9295

ACADIA REFRIGERATIONKENTVILLE (902) 678-7868

ACADIAN CREDIT UNION LTDCHETICAMP (902) 224-2055

ACROPOLE PUB & GRILLWESTVILLE (902) 396-1504

ADVANCED SCREEN PRINTING LTD.HALIFAX (902) 454-2580

ADVANCED WILDLIFE CONTROLBEAR COVE (902) 497-2582

ADVENT ART INCMILL VILLAGE (902) 688-1870

ALEX A. MORRISON FUNERAL HOMEST. PETERS (902) 535-2119

ALEX CANFIELD PAINTINGTATAMAGOUCHE (902) 890-6849

ALLAN'S CONSTRUCTION LTD.SYDNEY (902) 564-6900

ANDY’S TIRE SHOP LTDKINGSTON (902) 765-6348

ANTHONY’S PLUMBING & HEATING LTD.BRIDGEWATER (902) 543-4431

ASBESTOS ABATEMENT LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 468-5275

ASSANTE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTLUNENBURG (902) 634-8175

AT TECH APPRAISAL CONSULTANTSDARTMOUTH (902) 468-3677

ATLANTIC AVIONICS INC.ENFIELD (902) 873-3534

ATLANTIC GARAGE DOORSLAKESIDE PARK (902) 876-2227

ATLANTIC SAVE EASYMIDDLETON (902) 825-3461

ATLANTIC STOCKYARD LIMITEDTRURO (902) 893-9603

AUCOIN’S ELECTRICAL & PLUMBING CO. LTD.CHETICAMP (902) 224-2100

AUTO TRIM DESIGN NORTH EASTSTELLARTON (902) 922-2915

B & R PET SUPPLIESWINDSOR JUNCTION (902) 860-3332

B A WATSON CONSTRUCTION LTDINVERNESS (902) 258-2625

B. A. ROSS BACKHOE & TRUCKINGMERIGOMISH (902) 926-2177

BADDECK CABOT TRAIL CAMPGROUNDBADDECK (902) 295-2288

BARR’S SMALL ENGINE SALES & SERVICEWEYMOUTH (902) 837-5304

BAYSWATER CONSTRUCTION LTD.HUBBARDS (902) 228-2752

BELL BUOY RESTAURANTBADDECK (902) 295-2581

BENNETT CEMENT FINISHING / C WANTIGONISH (902) 234-2598

BIRD ISLAND BOAT TOURSBRAS D’OR (902) 674-2384

BLAINE MAC LANE EXCAVATION LTDTHORBURN (902) 922-3233

BLOMIDON GARDEN CTRWOLFVILLE (902) 542-2295

BLUENOSE WELL DRILLING LTD.MINESVILLE (902) 829-2474

BLUEWAVE ENERGYDARTMOUTH (902) 481-6205

BOB ALLEN'S AUTO SALESNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-7110

BOWL MORE 1987 LTDBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-3324

BRENT GERRITS COLLISION & REFINISHINGPORT WILLIAMS (902) 542-7867

BRIAN C ISNOR ELECTRICALWOLFVILLE (902) 542-5905

BRIDGETOWN HOME HARDWAREBRIDGETOWN (902) 665-4359

BRIDGEWATER MALL ADMIN. OFFICEBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-6314

BRIDGEWATER METAL INDUSTRIESBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-2446

BRIDGEWATER SAVE-EASYBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-4661

BRIGHT IDEAS SCRAP BOOKING & STUFFBRIDGEWATER (902) 530-3050

BRUCE CHEV OLDS LTDMIDDLETON (902) 825-3494


Booster BoxesBRUCE MARSHBRAS D’OR (902) 544-0157

BUFFETTS OFFICE SUPPLIES LTD.NORTH SYDNEY (902) 794-2317

BURNSIDE SHEET METAL CO. LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 468-2066

BURNSIDE WINDOWS & DOORS LTDDARTMOUTH (902) 468-7114

BUTTS AUTO SERVICE LTDKENTVILLE (902) 678-4778

C. G. FULTON PHARMACYTATAMAGOUCHE (902) 657-2545

CABINETWORKS LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 468-8118

CALVIN MACDONALD FORMINGRIVER DENYS (902) 756-3298

CDN INFORMATICS CONSULTANTS LTDHALIFAX (902) 405-3120

CAPE BRETON BOAT YARD LTD.BADDECK (902) 295-2664

CAR QUESTMIDDLETON (902) 825-1653

CAR QUEST AUTO PARTSBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-5068

CARL’S STORETUSKET (902) 648-2212

CARQUEST HALIFAXHALIFAX (902) 493-8344

CATCH A CABHALIFAX (902) 405-2020

CENTENNIAL PHARMACYKENTVILLE (902) 678-2799

CENTRAL CABSNEW GLASGOW (902) 755-6074

CHAPMAN'S UPHOLSTERYSTEWIACKE (902) 639-1710

CHARLIE’S MUSIC STORECHETICAMP (902) 224-3782

CHASE’S LOBSTER LTD.PORT HOWE (902) 243-2408

CHEBOGUE FISHERIES LTD.YARMOUTH (902) 742-9238

CHEDABUCTO HOME CONSTRUCTION LTDBOYLSTON. (902) 533-3361

CHIASSON BROS. LTD.CHETICAMP (902) 224-2016

CHIASSON FINANCIAL SERVICESCHETICAMP (902) 224-1953

CHICKEN FARMERS OF NSKENTVILLE (902) 681-7400

CHIGNECTO MANOR CO-OP LTDADVOCATE HARBOUR (902) 392-2028

CHILDREN'S CORNER DAY CARE CTRDARTMOUTH (902) 462-7200

CHRIS SCOTT AUTOMOTIVEMIDDLE SACKVILLE (902) 865-2043

CHRISTINE’S TAILOR SHOPDARTMOUTH (902) 469-2861

CITY DRUG STORE LTD.YARMOUTH (902) 742-3579

CLARE MACHINE WORKS LTD.METEGHAN CTR DIGBY CO (902) 645-2216

CLEARLY COMPUTERSHALIFAX (902) 430-7656

COFFILL’S AUTO REPAIR LTDCANNING (902) 582-3375

CONTRAST ENGINEERINGBEDFORD (902) 835-2175

CO-OPERATORS PAUL K. MCPHEE INSURANCE LTD.GLACE BAY (902) 849-4547

CUMBERLAND HONDAAMHERST (902) 667-3844

CUMBERLAND JOINT SERV MGMT. AUTHORITYAMHERST (902) 667-5141

CUREGGIO GENERAL CONST LTDWALLACE (902) 243-2243

D & E ENERGY CONSERVERSTRURO (902) 895-5567

D & G CONSTRUCTIONWESTVILLE (902) 396-4513

D. W. MATHESON & SONS LTD.LITTLE NARROWS (902) 756-3033

D. J. ALEXANDER CONSTRUCTIONWINDSOR (902) 798-5383

DANNY BURBINE SALESAMHERST (902) 667-2487

DAVE’S VACUUM CLINICBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-6024

DAVIDSON INSURANCE LTD.PLEASANTVILLE (902) 543-5800

DAYSPRING ELECTRIC LIMITEDDAYSPRING (902) 543-4723

DECOSTE KITCHENSKINGSTON (902) 765-2466

DEMINGS CONSULTINGSPRINGHILL (902) 597-8118

DESLAURIERS DISTRIBUTORSHAVRE BOUCHER (902) 234-2921

DEVEAU INSURANCE 1964 LTD / J HMETEGHAN (902) 645-2413

DISCO TIRE LTD.SYDNEY (902) 539-4070

DOOLY'S BILLIARD ROOMAMHERST (902) 661-4028

DOOLY'S BILLIARD ROOMNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-4212

DOWN EAST STARTER & ALTERNATOR SER.EAST CHEZZETCOOK (902) 827-4500

DREWAN ENGINEERING LTDHALIFAX (902) 876-8378

DURON ATLANTIC LTDDARTMOUTH (902) 468-6671

E.Y.E. MARINE CONSULTANTSDARTMOUTH (902) 463-8940

EARTH CRAFT LANDSCAPE LTD.BEDFORD (902) 835-0505

EAST COAST SHUTTLENORTH SYDNEY (902) 794-1512

EASTERN PASSAGE VILLAGE VET. CLINICDARTMOUTH (902) 463-7785


Booster BoxesEBM TRUCKLOWER SACKVILLE (902) 864-5167

ED STEWART WELL DRILLING LTDTHORBURN (902) 922-2280

EMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS SOCIETYBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-2479

ENGINE ROOMTRURO (902) 895-5151

ERIC GRIFFIN AGRI. EQUIP. LTD.KENTVILLE (902) 679-1910

ESTATE JEWELERY & PAWNBROKERSTRURO (902) 893-1090

ETOL CORP INC.HALIFAX (902) 442-0123

EVELINAS RAPPIE PIESAULNIERVILLE (902) 769-0702

EXCELLULAR COMMUNICATIONSDARTMOUTH (902) 469-5892

FAIRLANESHALIFAX (902) 455-5446

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH HALIFAXHALIFAX (902) 422-5203

FOUR SEASONS RETREAT (YEAR ROUND COTTAGES)ECONOMY (902) 647-2628

FOYER PERE FISETCHETICAMP (902) 224-2087

FRENCHY’S USED CLOTHINGCOLDBROOK (902) 679-3553

FUNDY COMPOST INCORPORATEDBROOKFIELD (902) 673-3020

FUNDY TRAINING GROUPTRURO (902) 897-4703

FUSION YOUTH MINISTRIES/TRENTON YOUTH CTRNEW GLASGOW (902) 755-1500

G. E. COLLINS & SONS LTD.AMHERST (902) 546-2003

GARDEN VIEW BED & BREAKFASTHALIFAX (902) 423-2943

GERALD W. DELONG CONST. & TRUCKINGBARSS CORNERS (902) 644-2523

GLADYS M MANNING RETIREMENTWINDSOR (902) 798-2392

GLENHOLME PETRO-CANADA SVC CTRDEBERT (902) 662-2806

GREENWOOD PHYSIOTHERAPYGREENWOOD (902) 765-3034

GREYBEARD’S BEDLUNENBURG (902) 634-9696

H J S CONSULTANTS LTD.ANTIGONISH (902) 735-3080

H. REEVES SALVAGE YARDCAMBRIDGE STATION (902) 538-3919

HALIFAX STUDENT HOUSINGHALIFAX (902) 494-6888

HALL OF FRAME/SECORD GALLERYHALIFAX (902) 423-6644

HANK’S VARIETY STORELIVERPOOL (902) 354-2260

HAPPY HOLLOW PRESCHOOLHALIFAX (902) 455-8268

HARRIS REBARDARTMOUTH (902) 468-2526

HEALING OUR NATIONSDARTMOUTH (902) 492-4255

HEBBVILLE RADIATOR SERVICEBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-3423

HIGHFIELD VIDEO & VARIETYDARTMOUTH (902) 466-4800

HORYL'S SUPERIOR SAUSAGE CO. LTD.NEW WATERFORD (902) 862-7177

HOUSEWIDE CLEANINGMIDDLETON (902) 765-2090

I C S MOBILE WASH LTD.WAVERLEY (902) 456-0137

IMPACT AUTO AUCTIONSENFIELD (902) 873-3933

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY WORLD INCNEW GLASGOW (902) 755-2060

ISLAND LOCK & SAFE INCSYDNEY (902) 567-1277

JACK BOUTILIER'S J & E AUTO SALESDARTMOUTH (902) 482-0200

JADE PALACE RESTAURANTSPRINGHILL (902) 597-3009

JASON MULLEN MINK RANCHWEYMOUTH (902) 837-4180

KAIZER SERVICE STN.NEW ROSS (902) 275-2544

KAREN’S RECYCLING LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 435-7811

KAREN’S UNISEX BEAUTY SALONWESTVILLE (902) 396-3636

KELTIC HAIR KREATIONSSYDNEY (902) 564-2076

KEMPTON APPRAISALSBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-3000

KENT MACDOUGALL INC.NEW GLASGOW (902) 755-1356

KOZY KORNER FLOWER SHOPBERWICK (902) 538-8600

KVM CONSULTANTS LTD.SACKVILLE (902) 864-3788

L & E MCGRATH CONTRACTINGASPEN (902) 833-2343

L. M. COMPUTERSNEW GLASGOW (902) 928-0189

L. MASON MATTATALL CONSTRUCTIONGREENFIELD (902) 893-9627

L. BOUDRO FISHERIES LTDARMOUTH (902) 742-8035

LAKEVILLE GENERAL STORELAKEVILLE (902) 678-4446

LANGLEY ACCOUNTING LTD.TRURO (902) 895-7312

LEGAL EXPRESS COURIERDARTMOUTH (902) 434-2600

LES CARABINSYDNEY (902) 564-9080

LITECOBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-6800


Booster BoxesLONDON RUBBER STAMP CO LTDHALIFAX (902) 423-7602

LOST CREEK GOLF CLUB & VILLAGEBEAVERBANK (902) 865-4653

LOVITT/STONE DENTURE CLINICDARTMOUTH (902) 434-1477

LOWER ARGYLE FISHERMAN’S CO OPGLENWOOD (902) 643-2976

LOWER MAIN MARKETOXFORD (902) 447-3490

LYONS BROOK PIPING & WELDINGPICTOU (902) 485-5460

M & R ENGINEERING LTDHALIFAX (902) 422-7393

M. WALTERS & SONS CONTRACTINGLUNENBURG (902) 634-3040

MACKENZIE SECURITYYARMOUTH (902) 742-8405

MACPHEE BRIAN DIESEL SERVICESSHUBENACADIE (902) 758-1563

MAHONE AUTO SERVICE (1985) LTD.BLOCKHOUSE (902) 624-8315

MANSOUR’S LTD.AMHERST (902) 667-8577

MAPLE HILL MANORNEW WATERFORD (902) 862-6495

MAPLEWOOD MANORTATAMAGOUCHE (902) 657-2876

MARITIME BATTERYDARTMOUTH (902) 468-8488

MARITIME TRANSLATIONHALIFAX (902) 420-9158

MARK LIVELY WELDING LIMITEDLOWER SACKVILLE (902) 864-4442

MARY’S PLACE CAFEHALIFAX (902) 454-2558

MATTATALL-VARNER FUNERAL HOMETRURO (902) 893-3177

MAURICE LEBLANC ASSURANCESAULNIERVILLE (902) 769-2152

MEINEKE CAR CARE CENTERDARTMOUTH (902) 468-7711

MERCATOR GEOLOGICAL SVC LTEEDARTMOUTH (902) 463-0078

MERLIN’S AUTO SALVAGEWINDSOR (902) 757-3171

MERLYN CORKUM AUTOBODY & TOWING LTD. 24HRLUNENBURG (902) 634-4972

METCALF & COMPANY BARRISTERSHALIFAX (902) 420-1990

MFI ADVERTISING SPECIALISTSLAWRENCETOWN (902) 584-2252

MILFORD HAVEN NURSING HOMEGUYSBOROUGH (902) 533-2828

MILLER’S TOWINGSHUBENACADIE (902) 758-4242

MINAS REALTIES LTDPORT WILLIAMS, KINGS CO. (902) 798-3157

MOORE NICKELS & DIMES FOR YOU RECOXFORD (902) 447-3739

MRS. P’S HOMESTYLE BAKERYHALIFAX, (902) 479-1293

MULLINS RITE STOPALBERT BRIDGE (902) 562-1070

NEIL’S HARBOUR CO OPNEILS HARBOUR (902) 336-2827

NEW WATERFORD HOMEMAKERS SRVS.NEW WATERFORD (902) 862-7554

NICHOLS KWIK WAYKENTVILLE (902) 679-3505

NORTH END GENERAL STORESYDNEY (902) 539-6030

NORTHERN CONTRACTING LTDSYDNEY MINES (902) 565-8321

NORTHSIDE HOMEMAKERS SERV. SOCIETYSYDNEY MINES (902) 736-2701

NORTHUMBERLAND SILO INC.TRURO (902) 662-3772

NORVAL S. HIGGINS NS LAND SURVEYORWOLFVILLE (902) 542-9621

NOVA AGRI INC.CENTREVILLE (902) 582-1445

NOVA VETERINARY CLINICBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-7255

O’FARRELL GMNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-8491

OCTANE AUTO SALESYARMOUTH (902) 742-6401

ORCHARD QUEEN MOTEL & R V PARKMIDDLETON (902) 825-4801

PALS GARDEN CENTREMULGRAVE (902) 747-2434

PAPA’S PUB & EATERYPORT HAWKESBURY (902) 625-3270

PAQTNKEK FIRST NATIONANTIGONISH COUNTY (902) 386-2781

PARKER’S SATELLITE & TECH SHOP INCCOLDBROOK (902) 678-2280

PARKS END AUTOBRIDGEWATER (902) 527-0258

PAT BOUDREAU SERVICE CENTRECHETICAMP (902) 224-2200

PATTI’S KITCHEN & BATH DESIGNHALIFAX (902) 455-3445

PEARLES' IN PARADISE TAKE OUTPARADISE (902) 665-4706

PETE’S AUTO SOUNDANTIGONISH (902) 863-6681

PETER'S AUTO CLINICNEW MINAS, (902) 681-0068

PETRO CANADADARTMOUTH (902) 462-1823

PHOENIX AGRITECH (CANADA) LTDTRURO (902) 662-2444

PINCHIN LEBLANC ENVIRONMENTAL LTDDARTMOUTH (902) 461-9999

PLEASANT REST HOMEBRIDGEWATER (902) 543-2675

POLYSTEEL ATLANTIC LTDEDWARDSVILLE (902) 562-8889


Booster BoxesPORT HAWKESBURY NURSING HOMEPORT HAWKESBURY (902) 625-1460

PRESIDENTIAL VENTILATIONBEDFORD (902) 832-1067

PRICE COBBLESTONE 2007CHESTER (902) 275-5780

PRIVATEER SECURITY HARDWARELIVERPOOL (902) 350-0409

PROCOPIO & SONS MASONRY LTD.SYDNEY (902) 564-6103

PROSPECT AUTO BODYWHITE’S LAKE (902) 852-4999

PURDY RESOURCES LTD.COLLINGWOOD CORNER (902) 686-3322

R B PAVING CO. LTD.WILMOT STATION (902) 825-6550

R H PORTER FUNERAL HOMES LTDNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-4122

R. A. GOLLAN INSURANCE SERVICEWINDSOR (902) 798-3287

RAVEN ARCHERYKENTVILLE (902) 678-2601

RAY MACDONALD INSURANCE AGENCY LTD.TRURO (902) 895-1568

REMAX BANNER REAL ESTATEMIDDLETON (902) 825-4679

REMAX FAIRLANE REALTYTRURO (902) 893-7500

RENOVATIONS (CONSULTANT/CONTRACTOR)TRURO (902) 895-2218

REYNO FISHERIESSAMBRO (902) 868-2256

RGM COMMUNICATION LTD.CANNING (KINGSPORT) (902) 582-7983

RICHARD R. STEVENS, CADARTMOUTH (902) 434-1700

RIDGE HILTZ DEV PROGRAM SERV. LTDYARMOUTH (902) 742-1337

RIGHT WAY FAMILY HAIR SALONGLACE BAY (902) 849-4500

RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLALBERT BRIDGE (902) 563-4535

RIVERVIEW HOME CORPSTELLARTON (902) 755-4884

ROACH PERRY ANDERSONSYDNEY (902) 539-1870

ROBERT ARCHIBALD GEN. CONTRACTING LTD.ANTIGONISH (902) 863-3935

RON BAKER & SONRIVER HEBERT (902) 251-2712

ROYAL BANKDARTMOUTH (902) 421-8842

ROYALE PRINT AND PACKAGINGDARTMOUTH (902) 468-2030

RUSSELL ELECTRICNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-8405

SAMSON’S PLUMBING & HEATINGPETIT DEGRAT (902) 226-2776

SANSOM EQUIPMENT LTDTRURO (902) 895-2885

SAULNIERVILLE PHARMACY LTDSAULNIERVILLE (902) 769-0893

SCOTIA TECH FLUID SERVICES LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 468-2777

SEAWINDS MOTELDIGBY (902) 245-2573

SHAW’S WHOLESALE FISHGLACE BAY (902) 849-3020

SMITH’S AUTO & SAFETY GLASSSCOTCH VILLAGE (902) 757-2652

SPARTAN ATHLETIC PRODUCTSDARTMOUTH (902) 860-1545

SPECIALTY STEEL INC.DEBERT (902) 662-3069

SPINNEY'S GARAGEGLENWOOD (902) 643-2831

ST PETER'S GLEBEINGONISH BEACH (902) 285-2015

STANLEY’S CLOTHING LTD.BARRINGTON PASSAGE (902) 637-3407

STELLA MARIS PARISHCREIGNISH (902) 625-2919

STEPHEN KENNEDY’S BAILIFF SRVSHALIFAX (902) 456-1222

STEWIACKE HARDWARE & SUPPLIESSTEWIACKE (902) 639-2347

STUDIO 63GLACE BAY (902) 849-1021

SULLIVAN FUELS LTDSYDNEY (902) 564-8213

SWISS CHALET ROTISSERIE & GRILLLOWER SACKVILLE (902) 864-1886

SYDNEY HARBOUR FORTIFICATION SOCIETYNEW WATERFORD (902) 862-8367

T N T RECYCLING DEPOTSHUBENACADIE EAST (902) 758-2708

TARANTULA AUTO REPAIRKINGSTON (902) 765-3901

TARGET MAZDANEW GLASGOW (902) 752-0442

TAX 2000STELLARTON (902) 928-2850

TELEGRAPH HOUSE & MOTELBADDECK (902) 295-1100

THE ART FLO SHOPPE CUSTOM FRAMINGKENTVILLE (902) 679-1420

THE THIRD PLACE TRANSITION HOUSETRURO (902) 893-4844

THOMPSON ENGINEERING CO. LTD.TRURO (902) 893-8455

TIBBETTS HOME FOR SPECIAL CAREWILLMOT (902) 765-6614

TIM HORTONS ANTIGONISHANTIGONISH (902) 863-2244

TIMOTHY R WALKER PHDHALIFAX (902) 431-4097

TIPAC FARMS LTD.BRIDGETOWN (902) 665-2206

TOAD’S CYCLE WORKS LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 462-0681


Booster BoxesTOMPKINS MEMORIAL SCHOOLRESERVE MINES (902) 849-3803

TOWN OF TRENTONTRENTON (902) 752-5311

TRADITIONAL TRADING POST STOREDARTMOUTH (902) 462-8163

TRAKER SYSTEMS LTD.DARTMOUTH (902) 463-0545

TRI-LITE ELECTRICAL PLUMBING & HTG LTDYARMOUTH (902) 742-8292

TRI COUNTY TOWINGNEW GLASGOW (902) 752-2833

TRI MAR PROMOTIONSDARTMOUTH (902) 468-2508

TWIN CITY MANAGEMENTDARTMOUTH (902) 468-9830

UNEEDA CUSTOM FRAMING & SEWMACHINE SALES & SRV.TRURO (902) 895-0308

UNITED DENTAL LAB LTD.HALIFAX (902) 423-7922

VEINOTTE’S HEARTH HOME & LEISURE LTD.BRIDGEWATER (902) 543-1460

VICTORIA HAVEN NURSING HOMEGLACE BAY (902) 849-4127

VOYAGEUR MOTELYARMOUTH (902) 742-7157

WALTON PUBWALTON (902) 528-2670

WATER & WINETRURO (902) 895-2266

WATER ‘N WINENEW GLASGOW (902) 755-9463

WEBBER LAKESIDE PARK / E & FJEDDORE OYSTER PONDS (902) 845-2340

WEBSTER’S TRUCKING & EXCAVATION LTDTRURO (902) 895-5638

WEST HANTS MIDDLE SCHOOLNEWPORT (902) 757-4100

WEST NOVA FUELS LTD./GATES PETROLEUMKINGSTON (902) 765-2769

WETLANDS ENGINEERING & CONST. LTDPUGWASH (902) 243-2201

WINDING RIVER FARMS LTD.STEWIACKE (902) 639-2670

WOODYS CRANE RENTALS LTD.PORT HASTINGS (902) 625-2212

YURMAC ELECTRICAL LTD.SYDNEY RIVER (902) 564-2278

Business PatronsA & B CONVENIENCE STOREA & D AUTO SALESA & J AUTOMOTIVE & MACHINE LTDA A A TAXI & LIMOUSINE SERVICEA C CAMPBELL CONTRACTORS LTD.A F A FOREST PRODUCTSA R I SABE’S FURNITURE LTD.ACADIAN MOTELACADIAN SEAPLANTS LTD.ACTION SNOW REMOVALSADAMS TRANSPORT LTD.ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTSAFTER WARRANTY AUTOMOTIVE RPR.AINSLIE VILLAGE TENT & TRAILER PARKAIRSYS ENGINEERING LTDALBIE’S AUTO SALESALICE’S PIZZASALL OCCASIONS CELEBRATIONSALLEN BRYDEN INSURANCE SERVICEALSTAR INSULATIONANCHORAGE HOUSE & CABINSANNA MCNEEANNAPOLIS PRIDE ‘N JOY DAYCAREANSTRUM’S FRUIT & VEGETABLESANTIGONISH INSURANCE AGENCIES LTDAPPLIANCE MARITIME SALESARCADIA HAIR DESIGNARCHIE’S WELDING INC.ARMVIEW FOOD SHOPARNOLDIN FORM WORK LTD.ATLANTIC DAY CALENDARSATLANTIC DUTCH SHOPATLANTIC FIRE EQUIPMENT SALESATLANTIC INDUSTRIAL CLEANERSATLANTIC INDUSTRIAL MACHININGATLANTIC PUMP SHOPB & F BARRINGTON'S SVC CTR LTDB & G TAXI 2000B & R ROOFING LTD.B F ARCHIBALD CONSTRUCTION LTDBMO NESBITT BURNSB. G. RAYMOND WELDING LTD.B. SHIELDS WOODWORKING & SIGN SHOPBADDECK TOWINGBALANCED BOOKS ACCOUNTING SRVSBANK OF NOVA SCOTIABARE ESSENTIALS AESTHETICS

BARNES INSURANCE AGENCY LTD.BARRY T. ARTHUR BARR.BATTIST AUTO SALESBAY BYE SPORTBAY SIDE DRIVE IN LTD.BAY VIEW AUTO PARTS LTD.BAYSHORE CONTRACTING LTD.BEARLY’S BAR & GRILLBEATON & SONS LTD / HUGHBECK L. J. EXCAVATING LTD.BEDFORD-SACKVILLE PHYSTHRPYBENVIE'S TAXIBERNARD SCHELEWBERNFIELD KENNELS PET CARE CTR.BERRYMAN'S AUTO SPECIALTIESBEST PRINTBEST VIEW CABINSBESTWAY TV LTD.BIANCHINI’S PIZZERIABIG BARGAIN AUTO PARTSBIG POND HOUSEKEEPING COTTAGESBIG TOP TENT RENTALSBILL OULTONBITTER ENDBLACK MARKET BOUTIQUEBLADE LAWN CARE LANDSCAPINGBLANCHARD PLUMBING LTD / R SBLESSED HOPE BAPTIST CHURCHBLOM SIGNSBLUENOSE ELECTRONICSBLUENOSE MINI MARKETBOND'S APPLIANCE WORKSBONE'S BODY & FENDERBOUDREAU DENTURE CLINICBOYD & PICK PSYCHOLOGICAL SERV. INC.BRAD’S RADIO SHACKBRAS D’OR AUTO BODYBRIAN E. MCCONNELLBRIDGEWATER HEARING AID CTRBRITE ‘N KLEEN LAUNDROMATBROWN’S HOUSEKEEPING SUITES & COTTAGESBRUCE’S DISTRIBUTORSBRUCE’S GARAGEBUHARIWALLA R J DR.BUTLER’S SCAFFOLDING RENTAL SALES LTD.BUTLERS SMALL ENGINES & REPAIRSBYRON’S AUTO SERVICEC & C FLOORING LTD.

C & J R. CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LTD.C. DIXON FUELSC.F. ANGEVINE ROOFING/SIDINGCAJUN TRADING COMPANYCALDER M.G. REPAIR SERVICECALVIN’S TV SALES & SERVICECAMDEN STABLESCAMERON MUSIC SALESCAMPBELL’S FUNERAL HOMECANADIAN PIONEER ESTATES LTDCANDLE INN THE WINDOW BED & BREAKFASTCANTON FAMILY RESTAURANTCAPE BRETON FENCING LTD.CAPER CANINE'S SPA & KENNELSCARMEL LAVIGNE BARRISTERCAROL’S HAIR STYLINGCASS-ANN COFFEE SHOPCELTICCUTS TOTAL FAMILY HAIRCARECENTRE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLCENTURY 21 TRIDENT REALTY LTDCERTIFIED SALESCHANDLER & DAVISCHARADE GIFTSCHARLOTTE GOODWINCHEBUCTO ELECTRIC LTDCHESTER BEAUTY SALONCHETICAMP FLOWER & GIFT SHOPCHIASSON DANIEL T L BARRISTERCHRISTA’S QUALITY CUTS HAIR DESIGNCHRISTOPHER ROBINS LEARNING CTR.CHURCH STREET SERVICES LIMITED PARTNERSHIPCIRCLE H. EQUIPMENT LTD.CLARE FISHERIES LTD.CLARK MORRIS LTD.CLAYT’S OFF ROAD & AUTOCLEARLAND CONTRACTING LTD.CLYDE PAUL & ASSOCIATESCOADY’S REALTYCOASTAL CONST. & EXCAVATING LTD.COASTAL POOL & SPASCOLBOURNE HEBER REVCOLDWELL BANKER DAVID BUTTSCOLDWELL BANKER M B GREEN REALTYCOLLINS MGMT CONSULTING LTD.COLONIAL SCIENTIFIC LTDCOMPLETE ACCOUNTING SYSTEMSCOMPU-CLONE COMPUTER SOLUTIONSCONCORD TRAVEL & TOURS


Business PatronsCONNIE HAWESCONRAD’S PRO PLUMBING HEATING LTD.CORBETT / REV J. RAYCOSTELLO CAFECRAFTED BY THE SEACRANTON COTTAGESCREIGHTON, SHATFORD, AND DRYSDALECRITICAL CARE SERVICESCROSSROADS HAIR & ESTHETICSCROWN ADVERTISING SPECIALTIESCUSTOM MACHINE & TOOL COM. LTD.CUTTING EDGE APPLIED TECHNOLOGIESCUTTING LOOSE HAIR DESIGNCYRIL LOHNESD & M SPORTSCARDS LTD.D.H. SHATFORD & SONS LTDD.J. AVERY ACCOUNTINGD.A. MORRISON AUTO BODYD.E. BARRY LIGHT METAL WORKSD’ENTREMONT & BOUDREAUD’EON PERSONAL COUNSELLINGDALE THOMAS EXCAVATINGDALEY PROGRESS INCDAN MACKAY CONSTRUCTIONDAN’S ICE CREAM SHOPDARREN WEAVERDAVE DOOLITTLE'S SPORTS BARDAVES SERVICE STATION LTD.DAVID BENT DENTAL LABDAVID SANFORDDAVID ZWICKERDEALS AUTO CLINICDECOSTE ENTERTAINMENT CENTREDEEBEE DESIGNSDEL’S HOME HARDWAREDENIS LOMBARDDERRICK HAYES ACCOUNTINGDIGBY CONVENIENCE STOREDINE & DASH DINERDINO’S 2 FOR 1 PIZZADOFSY’S GRILLDONALD KOSZKULICS EXCAVATINGDONALD ROBERTSONDONNA AUCOINDONNA'S FLOWERS & GIFT BASKETDOUBLE S INVESTMENTS LTD.DOUCETTE’S VARIETY STORE LTD.DOUG WHITEDOVER CRANEDOWNEAST CLEANING SERVICESDR DAVID M. MOOREDR ELWOOD C. MACMULLINDR. A. MUNRODR. AL-MANE FAISALDR. ALYRE COMEAUDR. B. D. GROVERDR. BLAKE A. CREASERDR. COLIN DAVEYDR. COLIN DODDSDR. D. MUSCHENHEIMDR. ERLAND HENDERSONDR. FRANK LOVELYDR. G. ROSS LANGLEYDR. HUMBERT REINER(RETIRED)DR. JAMES PERKINDR. JODI NICKERSONDR. KIM MADDISONDR. LYNNE MOYLESDR. M. GIVNERDR. MICHAEL A. DRISCOLLDR. P.C. HANDFORTHDR. PETER L. COMSTOCKDR. PHILLIP J. WELLSDR. RIA MACKAYDR. THOMAS P. CORKUMDR. V. CHENGAPA G C IDR. WALTER J. AUSSERLEITNERDR. WILLIAM ADAMSDRAGON INN RESTAURANTDUFFY'S AUTO CENTREE F R DISPOSALEAGLE BEACH CONTRACTORS LTDEAST LAKE AINSLIE UNITED CHURCHEASTERN COUNTIES REGL LIBRARYEASTERN FENCEEASTERN LIGHTS TRANSPORTEASTERN SHORE CARTAGEECLIPSEED TURBITTS SERVICE CTR. LTD.EDDY’S VARIETYEDGAR D’ENTREMONTEDUCATIONAL CONSULTING SERVICESELEGANCE FROM ELMWOOD BEAUTY SALON

ELIZABETH’S FAMILY HAIR CAREEMERY SMITH FISHERIES LTD.ENVIROSPHERE CONSULTANTS LTD.EPR RESOURCESERIC’S ENGINE SHOPETALIER SALWAEUGENE NEWELL & SONS CONSTRUCTIONEUROPEAN PANTRYEVANGELINE CHILD CARE CENTREEVANGELINE PLUMBING & HEATINGFEATHERED EDGE UNISEX / THEFELTMATE CONSULTING SERV.FENNELL & ASSOCIATES APPRAISERFERRY ST LAUNDROMAT & CONVENIENCEFIELD EXPERTS LTD.FILMWORKS PRODUCTION SERVICESFINISH COAT PAINTING LTD.FIRST CHOICE SPORTSWEAR LTD.FISHER LAKE ESTATES LTDFLAGSHIP CONSTRUCTIONFOLEY HOUSE INNFONG’S RESTAURANT LTDFOORD STREET LAUNDROMAT & TANNINGFOOTE FAMILY FARMFORT ANNE CAFEFOSTER’S FIRE & SAFETYFOUR WINDS CHARTERSFOXY SOUVENIRSFRAMEWORK CYCLE & FITNESSFRAN’S HAIR DESIGNFREEDOM 55 FINANCIAL FREEDOM FOUNDATIONFRENCH RUSSIAN TRANSLATION SRVFRENCHY'S CLOTHING STOREFRIED / DR. LASZLO FRIES & CO.FULL BAY SCALLOP ASSN & ATLANTIC HERRING CO-OPFURMAR FURNITURE UPHOLSTERYFURRY ANGELS GROOMING & PET SUPPLYFUTURE MARKETING LTD.FUTURE UNISEX HAIRSTYLINGG & M INSULATION & SIDING LTDG & R KELLY ENTERPRISES LTD.G.A. FLOORINGG.H. SMITH & SON GENERAL STOREGABRIEL HOME MAINTENANCEGAIL KIRK DESIGNSGASTON CHAGNON PROPERTY LTDGATEWAY CIGAR STOREGCR TIRE CENTRESGERALD BATTIST TRUCKING LTD.GERALD LEBLANCGERD’S TAILOR SHOPGERTRUDE BENTGIFFINS ESSOGILBERT / MARY IGILBERT’S RADIO & TVGINGERBREAD HOUSE INNGLASSMANGLENDON STARRATTGLENNIE HATTGLOOSCAP TRADING POSTGO MERCHANDISING INC.GOLD ‘N WATCH+GOLDEN ANCHOR BED & BREAKFASTGOLDEN TAN SALONGOOD ENOUGH FISHERIESGRACE HAVENGRAHAM BROTHERS FARMSGRAMAC LTDGRAND ST. INN BED & BREAKFASTGRANT MOTORS LTDGRANT’S GROCERYGREAT VALLEY JUICESGREEN CREEK AUTO BODY & SALESGREEN WORKS LANDSCAPING LTD.GREENWOOD ANIMAL HOSPITALGREG CORKUM EXCAVATION LTDGREG WHITNEYGREG'S DODGE AUTO REPAIRGUARANTEE CO OF NORTH AMERICAGULF SHORE CAMPING PARKGUPPY’S PLACE FAMILY RESTAURANTH & R BLOCKH B & J CONTRACTORS LTD.H.W. LONGARD ENTERPRISES LTDHAGGETTS DAIRYHALDANE ELIZABETH BARRISTERHALIFAX HEATING & AIR CONDITIONINGHALLMARK DENTALHALLMARK FLOORS CARPET ONE FLOOR & HOMEHANDMADE SHOES

HARBOUR CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD.HARBOUR DEVELOPMENTHARBOUR METAL RECYCLING LTD.HARBOURSIDE COTTAGESHARDY WAYNE NS LAND SURVEYORHARLOW CONSTRUCTION LTDHARLOW SATELLITEHAROLD LEWIS REPAIRSHAROLD RAFUSEHAROLD’S BAKERYHARRIS & ROOME SUPPLY LTDHARTLEN’S ESSOHAVE A YARNHAWES TRUCKING & EXCAVATING LTDHCH VIDEOHEAD SHOPPEHECTOR BUILDING SUPPLIESHEISLER BOAT YARDHENDERSON PLUMBING / J DHERITAGE CARPENTRY AND RESTORATIONHERMAN & TRUDYHERRING CHOKER DELI/BAKERYHI-LINER FISHING GEAR & TACKLE LTD.HIGHFIELD PARK APARTMENTSHIGHLANDS PHARMASAVEHIGHROLLER TRANSPORTHILLSIDE COTTAGESHIMMELMAN’S TROPHIES & GIFTSHISTORIC GROUNDS COFFEE HOUSEHLM REALTIESHOLY REDEEMER CONVENTHOLY ROSARY CHURCHHOME LOANS CANADAHOME SWEET HOME INSPECTIONS LTDHOPEHORACE GARDNIERHORTON INSURANCE AGENCY LTDHOUSE OF HAIR DESIGNHOUSTON NORTH GALLERYHOWIE CTR. IRVING MAINWAYHUBTOWN CONTRACTING, TRUROHULL ELECTRICAL SERVICE LTD.IAN A. (SANDY) MACKAYIMAGE HOUSE DIGITAL INC.IMMACULATE CONCEPTION CHURCHINTERGRATED LAWN CARE SYSTEMSINVISIBLE FENCING OF NSISLAND WELL DRILLERS LTDISLANDVIEW BEAUTY SALONISLE ROYALE BEAUTY SALONJ. CONLEY & SONS ENTERPRISEJ.H. MCKAY MARINE RAILWAY LTD.J.B. AUTOMOTIVE LTD.J. CHIASSON SERVICE STATIONJ.L. DUFOUR ROOFING SERVICES LTD.JACK LOWE’S AUTO REPAIRJAMES HEIGHTJAN GNEMMIJANET MACLEOD ROYAL LEPAGE ATL.JANET’S FLOWERS LTDJANIE CASHELJEDDORE LODGE AND CABINSJEDDORE VARIETYJEN'S L'IL KIDS PLACEJERRY S. COULTER LTD.JERRY’S RV TRAILER SALES & SRVJIM & MARY RHYNOLDJOE’S PIZZERIAJOHN B. HENLEYJOHN GILROY GENERAL CONTRACTORSJOHN MCSTAYJOHN’S LUNCHJONEL JIM CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONJORDAN BRANCH VETERINARY CLINICJOST VINEYARDSJUDY’S BEAUTY SALONJUNE RONDEAUKAREN BENTKEN’S APPLIANCE REPAIRKEN’S GROCERY LTDKENT & DUFFETT CHARTD ACCTNTSKENT FIELDS ESTATES LIMITEDKIN - EXCEL FITNESS CTR.KINGS KROWN CO LTDKINGS MUTUAL INSURANCE CO.KINGSTON DINERKIP WALKER HLC MORTGAGESKNIGHTS OF COLUMBUSL & B SILVI LTD.L & C CLEANING SUPPLIESL & D SAUNDERS AUTO & SVC CTRL E SHEA AUTO SALES LTDLABRADOR FEA


Business PatronsLAKEFRONT GROCERY & VIDEOLAKEPORT EXCAVATING LTD.LAKESIDE VARIETY STORE LTD.LASTING IMPRESSIONS LANDSCAPELAURIE’S COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE SERVICELAVINIA’S BEAUTY BOUTIQUELAW OFFICE OF J. PATRICK MORRIS QC.LAWRENCE BONDLAWRENCE S. VEINOTTE ENT. LTD.LE TROIS PIGNONSLEBLANC DIESEL REPAIR LTD.LEO'S SUPERMARKETLESLIE FINERYLEVIN DENTURE CLINICLIBERTY ENTERPRISES LTDLINUS AUCOIN, C.G.A.LIONSTONE INN, THELITTLE PEOPLE’S PLACELITTLE RIVER TRADING CO LTD.LITTLE SALES & SERVICELIVERPOOL PIZZERIALOCKEPORT PENTECOSTAL CHURCHLOCKPORT FIREFIGHTERS ASSNLOGIX MARINELONGMIRE AUTO SALESLOOK OFF CAFE + MINI GOLFLOTUS GARDEN RESTAURANTLOUISBOURG DOLLHOUSE EMPORIUMLUCKY RABBIT POTTERYLUNENBURG FRENCHYS USED CLOTHINGLYLE TILLEY DAVIDSONLYNWOOD INNM & B TRANSMISSIONM & B WHOLESALE LTD.M & G CABM & J TAXIM & M MEAT SHOPS - STORE 128M WELLS CONSTRUCTIONM. WRIGHT FARM & FOREST LTD.MABOU BEAUTY SALONMAC AULAY'S SVC STATIONMACLEOD & GRANT LTD.MACCALLUM’S PRODUCEMACDONALD’S BACKHOE & TRUCKINGMACEACHERN ALEXANDER DR.MACGILLIVARY & SON LUMBERINGMACINNIS SERVICE CTRMACINTOSH DENTURE CLINICMACKINNON JOHN REVMACLEAN CONCRETE CONST. LTD.MACPHEE’S WELDING & SERVICESMACRAE ALVIN DR PHYSMAIN ST. ULTRAMARMAIN STREET RESTAURANT & BAKERYMALLETT RESEARCH SVC.MALONE'S BOAT REPAIRMANZER CONSTRUCTIONMAPLE GROVE GREENHOUSES & FARMMAPLETON SURVEYSMARGAREE FORKS IRVINGMARGAREE HARBOUR CRAFTS & GIFTMARGIE ROBSONMARGOT WALSH MEDIAMARINER FORGE ENTERPRISES LTDMARITIME AUTO SALVAGEMARITIME CAR WASH SALES & SVC LTD.MARITIME INNS & RESORTSMARK WINDFIELDMARKLAND ASSOCIATES LTD.MARSH CANADAMARSHALL’S ROOFING AND SIDINGMARSHALL'S GIFTS & SOUVENIRSMARY JANES HEMP SHOPMASON WILLIAM DR.MASON’S SERVICE STATIONMASTER FURNITURE REPAIR & REFINISHINGMATTATALL SIGNS LTD.MCLENNAN SALESMCNAIR BROS PLUMBING & HEATINGMCINTYRE COTTAGESMCKILLOP FLOWERSMCLELLAN RICHARDS & BEGINMCNUTT AUTO BODYMEDICAL HALL MACKAY DRUGS LTDMELVIN FARMS LTDMEMORIES TROPHIES ENGRAVINGMETALINE GRAPHICS LTD.MICHAEL F. FEINDELMICHAEL FORD FOUNDATION LTD.MIDAS CAR CAREMIDWAY MOTORS LTD./PORT HASTINGSMIKE HECIMOVICHMIKE HIMMLEMAN

MIKE LE RUE’S AUTOBODYMIKE MILLS ROOFING & CONSTRUCTIONMIKE RANDALLMIKE’S LUNCHMILLENIUM SAFETY & DRIVING ACADEMY LTD.MILLER’S CAR BRITE AUTO CLEANMING’S RESTAURANTMOOREHEAD WILLIAM REVMORAN DAN PRODUCTIONSMORSE CONSTRUCTION INCMOSHER LIMESTONE CO. LTD.MOWBRAY / DR ROBERTMR. CHICKENMR. FI’S CUSTOM FRAMINGMR. GAVRICMR. VINCENT A. GILLIS, BARR. & SOL.MRS ANNA GUZDZIOLMRS. H. TEMPLE/HILLMRS. MARIATTE AMIRAULTMUG & ANCHOR PUBMULGRAVE MACHINE WORKS LTDMURIEL M. SUTHERLANDMURRAY MUNROE RENOVATIONSN S RADIATOR & HEAT EXCHANGENANCY STEWART CGANAPA AUTO PARTSNATURE BOOK STORENEIL FISHERNEW GRAFTON VARIETYNEWFOUNDLAND GROCERY STORE LTDNEXANS CANADA INC.NICKERSON / REV ERNEST HNICKERSON PERRY SEAFOODS LTD.NORTH END COMMUNITY DAY CARE CTRNORTHSIDE COMMUNITY GUEST HOMENORTHSIDE TROPHIES & CRAFTSNOVA STAIRCRAFTNOVAWAY KENNELSOCEAN VIEW CHILDREN CTROCEANSIDE DESIGN & INSPECTION SVCSOLD BRIDGE AUTOMOTIVE LIMITEDORCHARD AWAY DAY CAREOTTO STRONG'S BURNER SVCOXFORD FROZEN FOODS LTDP J S MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTDP M SPICER CONTRACTINGPAT BOUDREAU PLUMBING & HEATINGPAT MORRISON C/O CBCI TELECOMPAT’S MENS HAIRSTYLINGPATTEN FUNERAL HOME (1987) LTDPAUL’S WATER SERVICEPEGG’S RECYCLINGPENDLETON'S CORNER STOREPERMACRETE CAPE BRETONPERRY’S GYM & FITNESS CENTREPETE’S MARINE ELECTRONICS 1989 LTDPETER A LOHNESPHARMASAVE WEST PUBNICOPHYSIOTHERAPY ALTERNATIVESPIZZA DELIGHT NORTH SYDNEYPLAY TO LEARN DAYCAREPLETTNER PORT MOUTON PROPERTYPORTS SEAFOODPOTTIER GERALD A SURVYRPOULAIN’S PHARMACYPRECISION ENTERPRISESPREMIERE VAN LINESPREMIUM SEAFOODSPREMIUM VENTURES INC.PRESCOTT & ASSOCIATESPRICE CHOPPERSPROVINCE HOUSE CREDIT UNIONPUGWASH CONVENIENCE STOREPUGWASH HOME HARDWAREQDS SOFTWARE INC.QUILTS BY THE SEAR A WILSON INSURANCER G ENTERPRISES INCR V WHEEL ESTATER W S DISTRIBUTORSRAYMOND E. HARVEY, CARAYMOND YUILLRAYPORT CAMP GROUNDSRE/MAX LIFESTYLE REALTYRECOVERED TREASURESREG LAFFIN BURNER SERVICEREMAX SOUTH SHORE REALTY 1989RENT A WRECK BADDECKRESTAURANT EVANGELINE \ PIZZA SHACKREV ED FLANDERREV GEORGE MACLEANREV JAMES H MACINTOSHREV RON MCLEAN

REV SHARON BUDDREV. CAROL R. ARMSTRONG "THREE RIVERS"REV. HAROLD BEAUMONTREV. SIDNEY SNOWREV. WILLIAM GUSTAFSONRH WINMILL ELECTRIC LTD.RHODENIZER SALVAGE ENTERPRISESRICK’S AUTO BODYRICKY SLOCUM TRUCKING LTDRIDEOUTRINGER’S GARAGERIVERSIDE CONVENIENCERJP LANDSCAPING LTDROAD WORTHY DRIVER TRAININGROBERT BLAIR TRUCKING LTD.ROBERT MORTON FIN.SERVICE LTDROBERT NEWCOMBEROBERT OLSONROBERT PETERSON WELL DRILLINGROBIN HENNIGARROCKINGHAM HARDWARE LTD.ROCKVILLE CARRIERS LTD.RON BAINROSE ARBOR CAF…ROSE REAL ESTATE LTDROSS LAWN CAREROY B MATTINSON AND SONS TRUCKINGROYAL BANKROYAL CANADIAN LEGION #67ROYAL CANADIAN LEGION BRANCH 106ROYAL DIAPER & ACCESSORIESRUDOLPH TRANSFERRUM RUNNER INNRUSSELL’S SERVICE STATIONRYFAS INCS & L BAKERYS.J. MACRAE & SON LTD.SABLE FISH PACKERS (1988) LTD.SALVATION ARMY YOUTH RESOURCE CENTERSALZMAN’S CARPET & TILESANDERS TREE FARM SUPPLIES LTD.SANDRA VOEGELESANFORD STORE / DOUGLAS D.SATURN SAAB OF HALIFAXSCANLAN / GERARD PSCOTIA BANKSCOTIA BANK & TRUSTSCOTIA BEST XMAS TREE LTD.SCOTIA POULTRY FARM LTDSCOTIA RECOVERY SERVICESSCOTIA VACUUMSSCOTIABANKSEA SIDE SEA FOODSSEABREEZE COTTAGES & MOTELSEASCAPE BUILDING MAINTENANCESEASIDE CAMPING GROUNDSSEASIDE FUELS & CONVENIENCESEASONS MOTOR INNSEAWAY INTL. FOODS LTD.SEW INCLINEDSHAMBALA INTERNATIONAL CENTRESHAMBHALA INSTITUTESHARP / REV DONALDSHELBURNE FURNITURE & APPLIANCES LTD.SHERBROOKE GARAGE LTDSIDETRACK BEVERAGE ROOMSIGNATURE REALTY LTD.SIMPSON INSTALLATIONS LTDSINCLAIR DENTURE CLINICSISSIBOO HOME HARDWARE BLDG CTR SISSIBOO FARM SUPPLIESSISSIBOO VETERINARY SVC LTD.SISTERS OF CHARITYSISTERS OF ST MARTHASISTERS OF THE ASSUMPTIONSKOKE'S HAIR STYLISTSKYVIEW HOMES LTD.SKYWAYS TAXI LIMOSMITH & MCCARTHY PAINTING LTDSMITH & WATT LTDSOBEY’S PRIMROSESOBEYS INCSOOTY FOOT CHIMNEY SWEEPSOUTH BERWICK AUTOMOTIVE LTD.SOUTH POINT CONSTRUCTION LTD.SOUTH SHORE OPTICALSOUTHDALE DAY CARE CENTERSPECIAL PROJECTS LTDSPERRY & PARTNERS LTDSPOTTED FROGSPRINGHILL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLSPRINGVALE NURSERIES LTDSPRUCE TOP RUG HOOKING STUDIO


DESIGNATE a

SOBER DRIVER or

we will DESIGNATEONE FOR YOU!

ThankYou!

38TH ANNUALCRIME PREVENTION GUIDE

IMPAIRED DRIVINGAWARENESS

Immediate Emergency Response within the MaritimesDiscretion assured, unmarked vehicles dispatched upon requestStructural decontamination and sanitizationOdor removal performed with hi-tech Ozone generators (not masking agents)Vehicle decontamination and restorationBio-recovery technicians trained certified in blood borne pathogensChemicals utilized are certified for all possible pathogens and virusesMost insurance policies cover cleanups of this natureInsured for your protectionFully compliant with federal and provincial regulations

Death by suicideDecompositionsDrug house cleanupBuildings with racoon or rodent fecesIndustrial accidents involving traumaMold remediation in basements, air ductsPet odor removal from homes, vehiclesOffensive odor removal from older homesSharps and medical waste removal serviceFire and smoke remediation

Death by homicideUnattended deathsDwellings for the terminally illDwellings contaminated with urine, fecesPolice Vehicles and holding cells decontaminatedRefrigeration breakdowns and decontaminationDwellings contaminated with bird droppingsIllegal methamphetamine type drug labsBio Terrorism decontamination ie: AnthraxWater and sewer back-up remediation

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BBiioo RReeccoovveerryy IInncc.. iiss aa mmeemmbbeerr ccoommppaannyy ooff tthhee ""AAmmeerriiccaann BBiioo RReeccoovveerryy AAssssoocciiaattiioonn""

AAllll bbiioo--hhaazzaarrddoouuss aanndd bbiioo--mmeeddiiccaall wwaassttee iiss pprrooppeerrllyy hhaannddlleedd aanndd iinncciinneerraatteeddaatt aa lliicceennsseedd bbiioo--mmeeddiiccaall wwaassttee ffaacciilliittyy

Crime, death and trauma scene cleaning, disinfection,property reclamation and bio-hazardous waste removalEmergency Service 1-800-331-9090

www.traumacleaners.com

BBiioo--hhaazzaarrddoouuss cclleeaann uupp,, rreemmoovvaall aanndd rreessttoorraattiioonn

Bio Recovery Canada

38

thAnnual Crim

e Prevention Guide PP

AANNSS

Impaired D

riving Awareness

38TH ANNUALCRIME PREVENTION GUIDE

IMPAIRED DRIVINGAWARENESS

DESIGNATE a

SOBER DRIVER or

we will DESIGNATEONE FOR YOU!

“DON’T DRINK & DRIVE”

Documents

Business Patronspansguide.com/docs/pans09.pdf · brink's canada ltd 90 br okville carriers and flatbed l.p. 80 ... kel-greg homes inc. 94 kellys luggage ltd. 112 khatter & khatter