Business Assitant

8/6/2019 Business Assitant

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Being able to describe facts and figures, trends and tendencies is an extremely useful skill in the workplace !

Here are some questions to think about before you start this unit:

What figures do you need to present in your job ? What figures are presented to you ? Can you say everything you need to say ?Can you understand everything that's explained to you ?

What causes difficulties for you when you need to explain figures, numbers, changes, trends and tendencies ? Why do you find thesethings difficult ?

Send your comments, thoughts, ideas and questions to us at [email protected]

Situation: The Chief Financial Officer is presenting the annual report to staff. CFO: I would like you to all look at the bar chart

for the last financial year. As you can see, turnover, sales and profits all fell slightly last year due to the difficult market conditions in

this sector after September 11th, although profits decreased more than we had expected. Market share was affected by growth in our

main competitor's expansion and went down by 1.7 per cent. Employee: Can you tell me a little more about why this has happened ?

CFO: Well, we think that inflation has affected consumer confidence and this, combined with rising unemployment, will mean our

figures remain the same again this year. The good news is that the usually weak first quarter of this year was a slight improvement

on the same period last year, mainly due to the increase in the m arketing budget. Employee: What's the corporate plan for the

following two quarters ? CFO: We want to ensure that the second and third quarter sales do not fall dramatically. In this way, we can

ensure that profits do not fall and that costs remain stable. We hope that the...

Diccionario Espasa Concise 2000 Espasa Calpe:hilarious [K OHU V]adjetivo divertidsimo,-a: the film was hilarious, la pelcula fue divertidsima

it is hilarious seeing

Hi!

How would you say 'it's hilarious seeing celebrities try to cook' in spanish?

Would you say 'es hilarante ver los famosos tratar de cocinar'?

Thank you!

Re: it is hilarious seeing

Yo dira: "Es graciossimo ver a los famosos tratando de cocinar".

es chistoso ver a los famosos tratando de cocinar

Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:

clog1NO J||NO Jsustantivozueco m


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clog2-gg-~ (up)verbo transitivo pipe/filter obstruir(conj.

), atascar

(conj.

);

wheels atascar(conj.

)

verbo intransitivo [pipe] obstruirse(conj.

), atascarse

(conj.

);

[wheel] atascarse(conj.

)

Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:doggedGJG||G J Gadjetivoobstinado, emperrado (fam

Diccionario Espasa Concise 2000 Espasa Calpe:dogged [G J G]adjetivo tenaz: he's a dogged writer, es un escritor tenaz

his face dogged wit incipient disappointment

How would you translate "his face dogged with incipient disappointment"Context: a conversation between two people, where one of them is trying to convincethe other one about the honorability of codebreakers.

My try: "Ceo fruncido con incipiente desacuerdo"

Hola, Paul.Desgraciadamente es un mal uso de la palabra "dogged.""His life was dogged by (or with) disappointment" (su vida fue marcada por muchasdesilusiones) es un uso correcto."Dogged by" quiere decir "afligido, o perseguido, por" (malos eventos)

Tu interpretacin de esta conversacin parece ser correcta, aunque el ingls no suenabien. "With" tiene una "h" al final. "Decepcin" es una palabra ms apropiada quizs(en vez de "desacuerdo."Sabes que "dogged" en tu frase es participio, no pretrito, verdad?

_________


drag1GUJ-gg-verbo transitivo

1.a. (haul) arrastrar, llevar a rastras;

to ~ sb's name o reputation through the mud o dirt cubrir(conj.

)de fango ormanchar el buen nombre de algn

b. (force) (colloq): I ~ged myself out of bed me forc a salir de la cama;how did I get ~ged into this ridiculous plan?cmo me dej meter en un plan tan absurdo?;I couldn't ~ myself away no tena fuerzas para irme

2. (allow to trail) tail/garment/anchor arrastrar;I don't want to ~ the kids around with me all dayno quiero andar con los nios a cuestas todo el da;to ~ one's feet o heels dar(le)* largas al asunto

_____

Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:draft1GUIW||GU IWsustantivo

1. countable (BrE)draught (cold air) corriente fde aire


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2. countable (formulation) versin f;the final ~ of my speech la versin final de mi discurso;a rough ~ un borrador;(before n)~ bill anteproyecto m de ley

3. (Fin) cheque morefecto m bancario

4. (AmE)the ~ (Mil) el llamamiento or(AmL tb) llamado a filas

draft2verbo transitivo

1. (formulate) document/contract/letter redactar el borrador de;speech preparar

2. (conscript) (AmE) reclutar, llamar a filas

draft dodgersustantivo (AmE) prfugo, -ga m,f, insumiso m (Esp), remiso m (Andes);draftproofadjetivo

hermtico

lie: English definition|in French|in Italian|in Portugueseconjugator|in context|images

Listen: US - UK

See 'lie' in the new Legal dictionary.

For the verb: "to lie"

Simple Past: lay, lied

Past Participle: lain, lied


lie1OD sustantivo (untruth) mentira f;

that's a ~! (eso es) mentira!;

to tell ~s decir(conj.) mentiras, mentir(conj.);

to give the ~ to sth desmentir(conj.) algo

lie2verbo intransitivo

I. (3rd pers sing preslies;pres plying;past & past plied) (tell untruths)

mentir(conj.);to ~ one's way out of/into sth salir(conj.) de un problema/conseguir(conj.) algo abase de mentiras


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II. (3rd pers sing preslies;pres plying;pastlay;past plain)

1.a. (lie down) echarse, acostarse(conj.), tenderse(conj.)

b. (be in lying position) estar(conj.) tendido, yacer(conj.) (liter);

he often ~s in bed until noon con frecuencia se queda en la cama hasta elmedioda;~ still! qudate quieto!;I lay awake for hours estuve horas sin poder dormir;to ~ low tratar de pasar inadvertido

c. (be buried) yacer(conj.) (liter), estar(conj.) sepultado (frml);(on signs)here lies John Brown aqu yacen los restos de John Brown

2. (be) [object] estar(conj.);the snow lay two feet deep la nieve tena dos pies de espesor;

the book lay open at page 304 el libro estaba abierto en la pgina 304;the factory still lay idle la fbrica segua parada;the ship lay at anchorel barco estaba fondeado oranclado

3.

a. (be located) [building/city] encontrarse(conj.), estar(conj.) (situado orubicado);a group of islands lying off the west coast un conjunto de islas situadas cerca

de la costa occidental

b. (stretch) extenderse(conj.)

4. [problem/difference] radicar(conj.), estribar, estar(conj.);[answer] estar(conj.);where do your sympathies ~? con quin simpatizas?;it's hard to see where the problem ~s es difcil ver en qu estriba orradica elproblema;victory lay within his grasp tena la victoria al alcance de la mano

Phrasal Verbs

lie about (BrE)See Also lie aroundlie aheadv + advto ~ ahead (OF sb/sth):

miles of desert lay ahead of us tenamos por delante millas de desierto;who knows what may ~ ahead? quin sabe qu nos depara el futuro!


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Parts of Speech Table

Thisis a summary of the 8 parts ofspeech*. Youcan find more detailif youclickon eachpart ofspeech.

part of

speech

function or

"job"

example

words

example

sentences

Verb action or

state

(to) be,

have, do,

like,

work,

sing,can,must

EnglishClub.co

mis a web site. I

likeEnglishClub.co

m.

Noun thing or

person

pen, dog,

work,

music,

town,

London,teacher,

John

Thisismy dog.

Helivesin my

house. Welive

in London.

Adjective describes a

noun

a/an, the,

69,some,

good,

big, red,well,

interestin

g

My dog isbig. I

likebig dogs.


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Adverb describes a

verb,

adjective or

adverb

quickly,

silently,

well,

badly,very,

really

My dog eats

quickly. When

heisvery

hungry,heeatsreally quickly.

Pronoun replaces a

noun

I, you,

he,she,

some

Tara is Indian.

Sheis beautiful.

Preposition links a

noun to

another

word

to, at,

after, on,

but

We went to

schoolon

Monday.

Conjunctio

n

joins

clauses or

sentences

or words

and, but,

when

I like dogsand I

likecats. I like

catsand dogs. I

like dogsbut I

don't likecats.

Interjection short

exclamatio

n,

sometimes

inserted

into a

sentence

oh!,

ouch!,

hi!, well

Ouch!That

hurts!Hi! How

are you?Well, I

don't know.


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* Some grammarsourcescategorize Englishinto 9 or10 parts ofspeech. At

EnglishClub.com, weuse the traditionalcategorization of8 parts ofspeech. Examples ofothercategorizations are:

y Verbsmay be treated as two different parts ofspeech:

o Lexical Verbs (work, like, run)

o Auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)

y Determinersmay be treated as a separate part ofspeech,

instead of being categorized under Adjectives

y Parts of Speech Examplesy Here aresomesentencesmade with different English parts ofspeech:

verb

Stop!

noun verb

John works.

noun verb verb

John is working.

y

pronoun verb noun

She loves animals.

noun verb adjective noun

Animals like kind people.

y

noun verb noun adverb

Tara speaks English well.

noun verb adjective noun

Tara speaks good English.

y

pronoun verb preposition adjective noun adverb

She ran to the station quickly.

y

pron. verb adj. noun conjunction pron. verb pron.

She likes big snakes but I hate them.


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y Hereis a sentence that containsevery part ofspeech:

interjection pron. conj. adj. noun verb prep. noun adverb

Well, she and young John walk to school slowly.

Words with More than One Job

Many wordsin Englishcan havemore than one job, or bemore than one part ofspeech.

Forexample, "work" can be a verb and a noun; "but" can be a conjunction and apreposition; "well" can be an adjective, an adverb and an interjection. In addition,many

nounscan act as adjectives.

To analyze the part ofspeech, askyourself: "Whatjobis this word doing in thissentence?"

In the table below youcan see a few examples. Ofcourse, there aremore,even forsome of

the wordsin the table. In fact,if youlookin a good dictionary you willsee that the wordbuthassix jobs to do:

y verb, noun, adverb, pronoun, preposition and conjuction!

word part of speech example

work noun My workiseasy.

verb I workin London.

but conjunction John camebut Mary didn't

come.

preposition Everyonecamebut Mary.

well adjective Are youwell?

adverb Shespeakswell.

interjection Well!That'sexpensive!afternoon noun We atein theafternoon.

noun acting as

adjective

Wehad afternoon tea.

Form of Adjectives


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Rules

1. Adjectives are invariable:

They do not change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun.

Ahotpotato Some hotpotatoes

2. To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective use 'very' or 'really':

Averyhot potato Some reallyhot potatoes.

(BUT see also Modifiers/Adverbs)

The present simple is used to talk about actions we see as long term orpermanent. It is very common and very important.

In these examples, we are talking about regular actions or events.

y I drive to work every day.y She doesn't come very often.y The games usually start at 8.00 in the evening.y

What do you usually have for breakfast?

In these examples, we are talking about facts.

y Water freezes at 0 C or 32 F.y I have three children.y What does this word mean?y I don't have any of my original teeth left.

In these examples, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.

y The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning.y Christmas Day falls on a Sunday this year.y Ramadan doesn't begin for another 2 weeks.y Does the class begin this week or next?

In these examples, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Notice that, althoughthese feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.

y I think you are wrong.y She doesn't want to do it.y They don't agree with us.


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y Do you understand what I am trying to say.

We use the active form to say what the subject does.

y He drove the car yesterday.y I clean my house once a week.

We use the passive form to say what happensto the subject.

y The car was driven by somebody elseyesterday.

y The house was cleaned only yesterday

Sometimes when we use the passive we do not knowwho did the action.

y My watch was made in Switzerland.y My car has been damaged.

Sometimes we know who did something but it

is not as important as what was done.

y It was sent by Harry yesterday.y I was told by Sarah.


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Often we use the passive to bring the topic weare interested in to the front of the sentence.

y The vegetables are all grown by localfarmers.

y This door should be replaced when youhave time.

Notice that the correct form is ' I was born' (not'I am born'.

y

I was born in 1987y You were born in the same year as me.

Notice that the passive of 'doing' is 'being done'.

y I don't like you staring at me.y I don't like being stared at.

y I hate people talking to me in clubs.y I hate being talked to in clubs.

When things happen or change, and especially in informal English, you can use 'get' instead of 'be' in the passive.

y There was an accident but nobody was hurty There was an accident but nobody got hurt

y I was offered the job but I didn't take it.y I got offered the job but I didn't take it.

We use the Present Simple

y for regular actions or eventsI watch TV most evenings.

y factsThe sun rises in the east

y facts know about the futureThe plane leaves at 5.00 in the morning.

y thoughts and feelings about the time of speakingI don't understand.


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We use the Present Continuous

y at the time of speaking ('now')I'm watching a movie on TV.

y things which are true at the moment but not alwaysI'm looking for a new job.

y

present plans for the futureI'm taking my husband to New York for his birthday.

Look at these sentences:

y I usually don't drink coffee but I'm having one this morning because there is nothing else.y I often drive to work but I'm taking the train this morning because my car is in for repair.y I'm thinking about dying my hair blonde but I don't think my wife will be very happy about it.y My parents live in New York but I'm just visiting.

Notice how in all these examples we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited intime and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed inthe past.

We can use it to talk about a specific pointin time.

y She came back last Friday.y I saw her in the street.y They didn't agree to the deal.

It can also be used to talk about a periodof time.

y She lived in Tokyo for seven years.y They were in London from Monday

to Thursday of last week.


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y When I was living in New York, Iwent to all the art exhibitions Icould.

You will often find the past simple usedwith time expressions such as these:

y Yesterdayy three weeks agoy last yeary in 2002y from March to Juney for a long timey for 6 weeksy in the 1980sy in the last century

y in the past

Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completedactions in the past.

Most of the time when we are talking aboutsuch actions, we use the past simple. This is byfar the most common way about talking aboutthe past.

y I lived there for 6 years.y I only found out a few moments ago.


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y I asked her but she didn't knowanything.

y The company made 100 people

redundant last year.

Only use the past continuous when youwant to emphasize the continuity of theaction.

y Everybody was talking about it all

evening.y They were really trying hard but

couldn't do it.y I was thinking about you the other

day.y Were you expecting that to happen?

When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the "background

action" and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action.

y It was raining hard when we left the building.y I was reading the report when you rang.y He was going out to lunch when I saw him.y The company was doing well when I last visited it.

First the good news - all new verbs in English are regular.

y I photocopied the report.y

She faxed it to me.

y They emailed everybody about it.

However, that doesn't help you to learn the approximately 180 irregular verbs which do exist. Luckily some of theseare extremely rare but many others are very useful and you need to know them.

So how do you learn them? Some teachers think you should learn a list of them 'by heart'. Other teachers think youshould not learn them at all you will just gradually acquire them over time.

One useful method is to note down new irregular verbs as you meet them. But how should you note them?


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It is useful to put these verbs (or any vocabulary you want to learn) into sentences and learn those rather than theindividual word.

Which do you think is easier to learn?

stick stuck stuck

I stuck the photo into my album.

Another good technique is to classify the irregular verbs into 4 categories.

1. All forms the same

cost cost cost

set set set

2. Similar sound groups

beat beat beaten

eat ate eaten

.

blow blew blown

throw threw thrown

.

drink drank drunk

sing sang sung

.

speak spoke spoken

wake woke woken

3. The second and third forms are the same.

bend bent bent

sleep slept slept

spend spent spent

.

bring brought brought

buy bought bought

teach taught taught


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.

have had had

pay paid paid

say said said

4. The "unclassifiables"

come came come

do did done

go went gone

show showed shown

As you meet new irregular verbs, try to decide in which category they fall.

(British English and American English have different rules for the

use of the present perfect. The comments being made here and the exercises state the correctgrammar for British English. However, in American English, it is often considered acceptable to use the past simplein some of these examples.)

We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.

We can use it to look back on the recent past.

y I've broken my watch.y She's taken my copy.y They have cancelled the meeting.y The company has doubled its turnover.

Often when we look back on the recent past we use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives andquestions only).

y I've just finished.y She's just arrived.y We've already spoken about that.y They've already met.y I haven't finished yet.y They don't know yet.y Have you spoken to him yet?y Has he got back to you yet?

We can also use it to look back on the more distant past.

y I've been to Singapore a lot over the years.


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y He's done this type of project several times before.y They've talked about it in the past.y We've spoken to them on several occasions over the years.

Often when we look back on the more distant past we use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.

y

Have you ever been to Indonesia?y Has he ever spoken to you about the problem?y I've never met him.y We've never considered investing in Canada.

(British English and American English have different rules for the use of the present perfect. The comments beingmade here and the exercises state the correct grammar for British English. However, in American English, it is oftenconsidered acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)

We use the past simple to talk about actions in the past that

have finished. It talks about 'then' and definitely excludes 'now'.

We use the present perfect simple to look back on actions in the

past from the present. It always includes 'now'.

These sentences are in the past with no connection to the present.

y I first met him 10 years ago.y I started work here in 1987.y I ate too much at lunchtime.

Now look at these same situations seen from the present.

y I've known him for 10 years.y I've worked here since 1987.y My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much.

Typical time phrases that we use with the past simple are 'yesterday', 'ago', 'last year', 'in 1999'.

y I spoke to him yesterday.y She came in a few moments ago.y We made our last purchase over a year ago.y He joined the company in 1999.

Typical time phrases that we use with the present perfect are 'ever', 'never', 'since'.

y I've never seen so many people.y Have you ever been more shocked?y I've done a lot since we last spoke.

Typical time phrases always used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple inAmerican English are 'already', 'just', 'yet'.

y I haven't done it yet. (UK)


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y I didn't do it yet. (US)y I've just done it. (UK)y I just did it. (US)y I've already done it. (UK)y I already did it. (US)

The time phrase 'for' can be used with both forms, but with different meanings.

y I went to Munich for the weekend but I came back on Sunday evening.y I've been in Munich for the weekend and I've brought you back some German sausages.

State how you want to deal with questions.

y If you have any questions, I'll be happyto answer them as we go along.

y Feel free to ask any questions.y Perhaps we can leave any questions you

have until the end?y There will be plenty of time for questions

at the end.y Vocabulary

Word

Part of speech

Meaning Example Sentence

absentadj

not present The vice president isabsentdue to unforeseen

circumstances.

accomplishverb

succeed in doing Wehave a lot to accomplish

today,so let's begin.


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addressverb

deal with; speakon I hope we do not have to

address thismatter again inthe future.

adjourn

verb

close a meeting If there are no further

comments, we willadjournthemeeting here.

agendanoun

list of objectives to coverin a

meeting

Please forward theagenda

to anyone who isspeaking atthemeeting.

AGMnoun(abbr.)

Annual (yearly) GeneralMeeting

We always vote for a newchairperson at theAGM.

allocateverb

assign roles/tasks to certainpeople

I forgot to allocatesomeoneto bring refreshments.

AOBnoun(abbr.)

Any Other Business(unspecified item on agenda)

Thelast item on the agendaisAOB.

apologiesnoun

item on agenda announcingpeople who are absent;

apologies for absence

Everyoneis present today,so wecan skip the

apologies.

ballotnoun

a type of vote,usually in

writing and usually secret

Please fold yourballotin

half before you placeit inthe box.

board of directorsnoun

group ofelected members of anorganization/company who

meet to make decisions

Theboard of directorsmeets once a month to

discuss the budget.

boardroomnoun

a largemeeting room, often has

onelong table and many chairs

Theboardroomis reserved

for a managers' meeting,sowe'llhave to meet in the

lounge.

brainstormverb

thinking to gatherideas Let's take a few minutes and

brainstormsome ways that

wecan cut costs.

casting votenoun

deciding vote (usually by thechairman) when the votes are

otherwiseequal

The role of treasurer wasdecided based on the

chairman'scasting vote.

chairperson/chair the person who leads or Aschair,it ismy pleasure


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noun presides at a meeting to introduce to you, Mr.

Allan Davis.

clarification/verification noun

explanation/proof that

something is true/understood

Before we address this

matter, I'll need some

clarification as to who wasinvolved.

closing remarksnoun

last thoughtsspoken in a

meeting (i.e. reminders, thankyous)

I just have a few closing

remarks and then you willall be free to go.

collaborateverb

worktogether as a pair/group The board fell apart becausethemembershad difficulty

collaborating.

commenceverb

begin We willcommence assoon

as thelast person signs theattendancesheet.

commentverb or noun

express one's opinions orthoughts

If youhave a comment,please raise yourhand rather

than speakout.

conferencenoun

formalmeeting for discussion,

esp. a regular oneheld by anorganisation

Before theconference there

will be a privatemeeting forboard members only.

conference callnoun

telephonemeeting betweenthree ormore peoplein

different locations

Pleasemakesure I have nointerruptions while I'm on

theconference call.

confidentialadjective

private; not to beshared Any financialinformation

shared during thismeetingshould bekept confidential.

consensusnoun

general agreement If wecannot come to a

consensus by theend of the

meeting we will put it to a

vote.

deadlinenoun

due date forcompletion Thedeadline for buyingtickets to theconferenceis

May 25th.

designateverb

assign If no one volunteers to take

theminutes I will be forced


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to designatesomeone.

formalitynoun

a procedure (often unnecessary)that has to be followed due to a

rule

Everyoneknows who isgoing to be the next vice

president,so this voteis

really just a formality.

grievancenoun

complaint The first item on the agendarelates to a grievance

reported by theinterns.

guest speakernoun

person who joins the group in

order to shareinformation ordeliver a speech

I am delighted to welcome

ourguest speaker Holly,who is going to be offering

somesales pitch tips.

implementverb

makesomething happen; follow

through

It's not a question of whether

or not we're going to use thisidea,it's whether or not we

know how to implementit.

mandatoryadjective

required It ismandatory that all

supervisors attend Friday'smeeting.

minutesnoun

a written record ofeverythingsaid at a meeting

Before we begin withtoday'smeeting,let's quickly

review theminutes from

last month.

motionnoun

a suggestion put to a vote Themotion to extend storehourshas been passed.

objectivesnoun

goals to accomplish I'm pleased that we wereable to cover all of the

objectives today within thedesignated time.

opening remarks

noun

chairperson orleader's first

words at a meeting (i.e.welcome,introductions)

As I mentioned in my

opening remarks, wehaveto clear this room before theend of thehour.

overhead projectornoun

machine with a speciallightthat projects a document onto a

screen or wallso that allcansee

I'm going to put a piecharton theoverhead projector

so that everyonecanvisualizehow our profits


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have declined.

participantnoun

person who attends and joinsinon an event

Can I have a show ofhandsof all of those who were

participantsin last year's

conference?

proxy votenoun

a votecast by one person for orin place of another

Theremust have been oneproxy vote because I count

twelve ballots but onlyeleven attendees.

punctualadjective

on time (not late) Firstly, I want to thankyouall for being punctual

despite thisearly meeting.

recommendverb

suggest I recommend that yousit

closer to the front if youhave troublehearing.

show of handsnoun

raised hands to express anopinion in a vote

From theshow of handsitappears that everyoneisin

favour of taking a shortbreak.

strategynoun

plan to makesomething work We need to comeup with astrategy that will allow us

to havemeetingsless

frequently.

unanimousadj

in complete agreement; unitedin opinion

The vote wasunanimous tocut workhours on Fridays.

voteverb or noun

to express (theexpression of)an opinion in a group by voice

orhand etc

We need to vote for a newvicechairperson now that

Jerry is retiring.

wrap upverb

finish Let'swrap uphereso that

wecan get backto our

desks.


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Table of Cardinal Numbers

Carcinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000

1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one 31 thirty-one

2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two 40 forty

3 three 13 thirteen 23 twenty-three 50 fifty

4 four 14 fourteen 24 twenty-four 60 sixty

5 five 15 fifteen 25 twenty-five 70 seventy

6 six 16 sixteen 26 twenty-six 80 eighty

7 seven 17 seventeen 27 twenty-seven 90 ninety

8 eight 18 eighteen 28 twenty-eight 100 a/onehundred

9 nine 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine 1,000 a/one thousand

10 ten 20 twenty 30 thirty 1,000,000 a/onemillion

Separation between hundreds and tens

Hundreds and tens areusually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary).

110 - onehundred andten

1,250 - one thousand, two hundred andfifty

2,001 - two thousand andone

Hundreds

Use 100 always with 'a' or 'one'.

100 - ahundred / onehundred

'a' can only stand at the beginning of a number.

100 - ahundred / onehundred2,100 - two thousand,onehundred


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Thousands andMillions

Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with 'a' or 'one'.

1,000 - a thousand / one thousand

201,000 - two hundred and one thousandUsecommas as a separator.

57,458,302

The Number 1,000,000,000

In English this numberis a billion. Thisis very tricky for nations

where 'a billion' has 12 zeros. 1,000,000,000,000 in English,

however,is a trillion.

But don't worry, these numbers areeven a bit problematic for native

speakers: for a long time the British 'billion' had 12 zeros (a number

with 9 zeros wascalled 'a thousand million'). Now,however, also inBritish English 'a billion' has 9 zeros. But from time to time this

numberstillcausesconfusion (just like this paragraph, I'm afraid).

;o)

Singular or Plural?

Numbers areusually written in singular.

two hundred Euros

several thousand light years

The pluralis only used withdozen,hundred,thousand,

million,billion,if they are not modified by another number

orexpression (e.g. a few / several).

hundreds of Eurosthousands oflight years

Speaking About Numbers


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3/8=>three eighths

NOTE: =>one quarter, 2/3 => two thirds,

one halfExpressions

Here are the descriptive names of a number ofimportant numerical expressions:

Speed 100 mph (miles per hour)Weight 80 kg (kilograms) OR42 lbs (pounds)

telephone number 0171 895 7056decimal .087date 12/04/65percentage 75%temperature 28 C (celsius) OR72 F (fahrenheit)height 1 m 89 cmprice $60fraction 8/13

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It's important to know the right math vocabulary whenspeaking about mathematics in class. This page providesmath vocabulary for basic calculations.

Basic Math Vocabulary

+ - plus

Example:

2 + 2

Two plus two


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- - minus

Example:

6 - 4Six minus four

x OR * - times

Example:

5 x 3 OR 5 * 3Five times three

= - equals

Example:

2 + 2 = 4Two plus two equals four.

Table of Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal Numbers from 1 through 1,000,000

1 st first 11 theleventh 21 st twenty-first 31 st thirty-first

2 nd second 12 th twelfth 22 nd twenty-second 40 th fortieth

3 rd third 13 th thirteenth 23 rd twenty-third 50 th fiftieth

4 th fourth 14 th fourteenth 24 th twenty-fourth 60 thsixtieth

5 th fifth 15 th fifteenth 25 th twenty-fifth 70 thseventieth

6 th sixth 16 thsixteenth 26 th twenty-sixth 80 theightieth

7 th seventh 17 thseventeenth 27 th twenty-seventh 90 th ninetieth

8 th eighth 18 theighteenth 28 th twenty-eighth 100 th onehundredth

9 th ninth 19 th nineteenth 29 th twenty-ninth 1,000 th one thousandth

10 th tenth 20 th twentieth 30 th thirtieth 1,000,000 th onemillionth

Form

Spelling of Ordinal Numbers


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Just add th to thecardinal number:

four - fourth

eleven - eleventh

Exceptions:

one - first

two - second

three - third

five - fifth

eight - eighth

nine - ninth

twelve - twelfth

In compound ordinal numbers, note that only thelast figureis written as an ordinal number:

421st = fourhundred and twenty-first

5,111th = five thousand, onehundred and eleventh

Figures

When expressed as figures, thelast two letters of the written

word are added to the ordinal number:

first = 1st

second = 2nd third = 3rd

fourth = 4th

twenty-sixth = 26th

hundred and first = 101st

Titles

In names forkings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in Roman numbers. In spoken English, the

definite articleisused before the ordinal number:

Charles II - Charles the Second

Edward VI - Edward the Sixth

Henry VIII - Henry the Eighth

Documents

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