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Business and Computing Deanery
Multimedia
Week 15 – Introduction to 3D modelling
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This weekLecture Software for
development and distribution of 3D
Hardware for 3D rendering
Geometric principles of parametric modelling
No supported session Organisation
Arrange presentations Discuss supported
sessions Discuss dates
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Last weekTwo types of 3D graphics Active
3D worlds
Advantages Immersive
environment Free movement
Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware?
Passive Movies
Advantages Level of detail
Disadvantages Restricted view
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Presentation 2You are to research 2D and 3D multimedia applications again with a common theme. For instance you could investigate the development of a game over time, techniques for displaying items such as mobile phones or films with associated games.
At least one application should be recent (within the last two years)
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Your presentation Are you in groups? What are you going to research? Where are you going to start? What are you going to compare and
contrast?
Remember to refer to the marking criteria
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3d modelling software Ranges from the free to the very
expensive Why might it be so expensive? What might you expect your 3d
software to do?
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Activity In pairs
Find 3 examples of ‘professional’ 3d software
http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Computers/Software/Graphics/3D/
http://www.google.co.uk/ What is the cost of one licence? Can you to make a video? Can you to make an interactive model? What is the recommended hardware for
this software?
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Working in the 3D world Most programs have a common
features Viewports Mouse-selected features
Use right click for context sensitive menus Type-in commands and parameters
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3ds max v7 (2005)
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Wireframe modelling Wireframe modelling requires less
computing power than any form of rendering
Default 3 viewports wireframe 1 viewport rendered
Will use either OpenGL or DirectX to achieve the rendered view
But not proper rendering with lighting and shadows Takes even more processing power
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3ds max v7 (2005)
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Different viewports 3ds max allows lots of different
viewport arrangements
3ds max v7 (2005)
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Important – name your objects Why? Default names are OK but what
about a big scene?
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Different creation methods More than one way to create an object
Click and drag Keyboard entry for precise dimensions Altering the object parameters
Objects with a different number of dimensions (parameters) require a difference number of clicks and drags How many for a sphere, box, cone?
Create method Edge or centre for a sphere
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Selection Select buttons Select by name Select by region Select by filter Paintbrush selection
Multiple selection Isolate selection
3ds max v7 (2005)
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Activity Start up 3ds max
Draw a primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’
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Units and scale English
Feet an inches Metric
Meters and centimetres Generic
Decimal numbers
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Activity Using 3ds max help
Help>User reference Find out how to alter the units
system Make sure that the software is set to
Metres
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3D space Rectangular coordinate
system Known as Cartesian
coordinates World or global
coordinate system Each object can have its
own local coordinate system
3ds max v7 (2005)
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Coordinate and axes Coordinates
Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates
X, Y, Z Width, height and depth
Axes Imaginary line in
cyberspace Width axis X runs
horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels
front to backY-
Y+
X- X+
Z-
Z+
Origin point0, 0, 0
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What are primitives? Basic building blocks Can be used to start any modelling
project First you need to create and move
things around Each object has a set or parameters
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Common 3D primitives Can you name
them? Cone Sphere GeoSphere Teapot Box Tube Cylinder Taurus
3ds max v7 (2005)
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Activity – Standard primitives Start up 3ds max
Draw a rectangular primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’
Draw a curved primitive shape Alter the number of segments
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Rendering You only ever see 3D objects as a
2D plane Rendering Paints pixels with colour, shadow,
lighting effects Onto a monitor – real time A file
A still image A video
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Exporting/importing your workFile conversion 3D Studio (3DS) Adobe Illustrator (AI) ASC Scene Export (ASE) AutoCAD (DWG) AutoCAD (DXF) Shockwave 3D FiLMBOX (FBX) Initial Graphics Exchange Standard
(IGES) Lightscape Material (ATR) Lightscape Blocks (BLK) Lightscape Parameter (DF) Lightscape Layers (LAY) Lightscape View (VW) Lightscape Preparation File (LP) Stereolithography (STL) VRML97 (WRL)
Rendering options AVI Files BMP Files CIN (Kodak Cineon) Files CWS (combustion Workspace) Files DDS Files EPS and PS (Encapsulated PostScript)
Files FLC Files GIF Files HDR Files IFL Files JPEG Files MOV (QuickTime Movie) Files MPEG Files PIC Files PNG Files PSD Files RLA Files RPF Files RGB (SGI Image) Files TGA (Targa) Files TIFF Files YUV Files
3ds max v7 (2005)
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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed
by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers
Cosmo Cortona Flux
Can be exported from most 3D modelling software
.wrl extension
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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language
Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML
World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994
VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995
VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97
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Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong?
Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content
“…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “
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X3D Developed collaboratively by the
Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds:
New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture
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X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by
browsers Inconsistent views
Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major
3D modelling software .x3d extension
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A cylinderVRML#VRML V2.0 utf8# A cylinderShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 }}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2"
radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
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A boxVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2
2"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
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A sphereVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8
Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 1 1 1}
}
geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 }
}
X3D<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material
diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere
radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>
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Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX
<object
classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"
width="50%" height="50%">
<param name="src“ value="tower.wrl">
</object>
Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content
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Plug-ins Cortona only VRML
<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1">
Cosmo Player only VRML
<OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-
9518-00c04fc2dd79"> FLUX VRML and X3D
<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58">
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Activity1. VRML
Export your model as VRML View the file
2. Render as an image
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Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling
3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage
Questions?
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Portfolio 2.1 Create a VRML model using 3ds
max of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a desk constructed of cylinders and boxes. A screen shot of your model rendered
in a browser, printed
More next week
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It should look something like…
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Question Hope has asked you to make a 3d
model of the campus What are your software options? What are the cost implications of the
various pieces of software? What type of 3D visualisation could be
generated? What are the hardware implications?
Discuss critically, comparing and draw a conclusion
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More questions What is the difference between
VRML and X3D Which would you choose to use to
display a 3D model, why? List the advantages and
disadvantages of VRML and X3D Describe the process of primitive
modelling
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For Next Week Work on your presentation Start on the 3ds max tutorials Directed reading chapters 1, 2 and 3
Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition
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References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation,
2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer
Animation and Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366
Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference