BUS221ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND SOCIAL LIFE SKILLS2018-2019 ACADEMIC YEAR

DISTANT LEARNING COURSE PRESENTATION

Instructor: Prof. Dr. B. Aykut ARIKAN

baarikan@gelisim.edu.tr

Week 04Values Ed III: Morals, Self Perception, and Personal Goals

AgendaGeneral Framework;

Morals;

Self Perception;

Personal Goals;

SWOT Analysis.

General Framework Outcomes and Definitions

OutcomesAt the end of this course, students will be able to: Explain the importance of personal awareness; Define his or her personal values; Define his or her personal mission and vision as a person; Define his or her strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/threats; Identify key areas in their lives; Set priorities in the frame of key areas; Define short and long term goals; Apply the principles of goal setting; Explain the factors that will affect their achievement.

Outcomes● Young adults have to make many decisions to adjust their lives in the period

after puberty.● For instance, students who pass from K12 to university have to make choices in

various issues such as course selection, settlement, managing material resources and they have to cope with various difficulties.

● All of this can lead to feelings of confusion, discomfort, stress, and disability in young adults, and in stressful processes and transition periods, one’s self awareness will increase by making better decisions by discovering moral values, priorities, strengths and weaknesses;

● When we clearly define what we want, what kind of future we want, we will improve our ability to cope with problems and reduce our stress.

Morals● The word moral is used in the Latin word «mos», meaning «ethical, conforms to the

rules of morality«;● The word «ahlâk» used in Turkish comes from the root of «hulk» in Arabic and

expresses the meanings of tradition, custom and habit;● Morality: It means that one intentionally stays away from bad behaviour by

reflecting good behaviour with his own desire;● Undoubtedly, the influence of the super-ego and the mind is quite important for the

individual to be in this type of attitude;● Being virtuous, helping others, and being righteous are within the scope of morality;● Morality is a sincere force that depends on freewill, conscience and emotions,

leading the individual to the good.

Morals

Morals● While ethical rules that each society adopts as an understanding of morality

are called social ethics, we can refer to universal ethics as the generally accepted ethical rules globally.● For instance, bad behaviour such as cheating, harassment, and lie are

considered to be non-moral all over the World so staying away from them are classified under universal moral rules;

● When considered as a social order, morality is similar to the rules of law, tradition or etiquette.

● On the other hand, moral law can not be defined and can not be changed through legislative, judicial or executive power, such as legal laws.

● It can not be forced by the application of physical force, but it has various sanctions based on expressions that point out praise, reproach, reward, likeness, place.

Philosophical Schools of Morals

Happiness;

Hedonism;

Pragmatism;

Triviality;

Duty;

Liberty.

Morals of Happiness

Represented by:◦ Socrates;◦ Plato;◦ Aristotle;◦ Alpharabius (Farabî).

Socrates

According to him, man lives to be happy;

There are two conditions for happiness: «KNOWLEDGE and VIRTUE»;

Knowledge and virtue bring happiness;

Evil is caused by lack of knowledge;

Because no one knowingly does evil.

Plato

Plato's sense of morality is based on the theory of ideals;

According to him, one of the two highest ideals is «GOODNESS»;

The greater the share of good is, the better and happier one becomes;

According to Plato, the good is the ideal.

Aristotle

According to him, man acts to be happy;

The condition of happiness in Aristotle is «TEMPERANCE»;

His understanding of morality is also called the «mediocre way morality»;

According to him, the excess or the lack of something is bad;

The good is achieved by temper, balanced behaviour.

Alpharabius (Farabî)Ebû Nasr Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Tarhan bin Uzluğ el-Fârâbî et-Türkî

The moral objective is happiness;

The highest good is virtue;

Being virtuous is to be happy;

Being knowledgeable means being virtuous;

By divine knowledge, man achieves both good and happiness;

The compulsory existence (God) is merely goodness;

Goodness always comes from him;

He is the source of ones goodness.

Hedonism

Representatives: Aristippos; Epicure (Epicurus).

Aristippos

The aim of all actions is pleasure, which is the highest value and the best;

The person with access to bodily pleasure is happy;

All people should get pleasure and avoid pain.

Epicurus

Epicurus' understanding of pleasure is different from Aristippos who speaks of bodily pleasures;

According to Epicurus, the spiritual life providing happiness is pleasure.

Pragmatism

Representatives are BENTHAM and MILL:

The purpose of moral action is «BENEFIT»;

Only happiness is beneficial;

As many people as possible should be benefited;

Here, social benefit rather than individual benefit is the forerunner.

Triviality

Representatives are ANTISTHENES and DIOGENES:

The blessings of the world, luxury, fame and to pursue pleasure is deprivation;

Indifference to the blessings of the world brings virtue and happiness;

Diogenes said: «Yes, stand a little out of my sunshine».

Duty

Representative is the Germen philosopher «KANT»:

According to Kant, human happiness is not the purpose of behaviour;

According to him the criterion is «duty of morality» which is «wishing the good».

Duty

Duty is to act in accordance with the moral laws that apply to all people;

An action is moral if it is done with the feeling of duty by neglecting interests and expectations;

In Kant’s duty morality, intention is also an important factor.

Liberty

Representative is JEAN PAUL SARTRE:

Liberty is the only objective of Moral action;

Man finds himself essence-less in this world;

But he realises his own essence with his free will;

Liberty is only possible when responsibility is taken.

Self Perception

Self Perception● For perception or self-awareness, we need to recognize a «self» that is constantly

developing and changing;● Our personal and interpersonal activity is a necessity for our ability to understand

others and empathize with them;● We need to be well-informed about ourselves in order to determine values,

priorities and objectives, make plans according to these, and to manage our time;● We need to be aware of our values and our heritages in order to identify ourselves;● Our values are the origin of our behavioural dynamics;● Our decisions, our choices, our goals are all based on our values that enable us to

define "right" and "good«;● A life and career shaped in the direction of values allows us to realize ourselves.

Self Perception● We may build our personal mission and vision on them as we are aware of our values;● Our personal mission is the reason for our existence, and the great picture is the goal of

our life;● However, the foundation of a personal mission, which we will try to determine without

our values, will be weak, ● Our personal vision is made up by the actions that we will take to reach our mission.● Determining your personal mission is important for the determination of the values and

the use of the time and it is useful for the university students.● Research clearly demonstrates the importance of reflection of perception on behaviour

for the successful students, employees, managers and friends.● Once we are aware of it, it is likely for us to reach a life in which we are more satisfied

with priorities, goals and planning that are determined accordingly.

Personal Goals

Setting Personal Goals● Goal setting involves the cognitive and behavioural processes that the individual

uses to plan and implement his or her activities in order to achieve the desired outcome in the long run;

● Goals set during the young adulthood play an important role in personality development;

● Our target is what we want to reach;● Thus setting the target helps us determine the direction we will go, increases our

motivation, and enables us to use our resources thriftily;● Young adults may have imaginary, long-termed and ambiguous goals such as «I will

be a manager of a company», «I will travel the World», «I will graduate abroad»;● Research has proven that clear, challenging at some certain level, and well-defined

targets, are more achievable than easy, unclear or not existing targets.

Setting Personal Goals● In the culture of the Turkish society, expressions like «if God is willing»,

«expect the good», or «maybe» are often used for future plans;● This approach usually relaxes the person and may cause him to get distracted

while working towards the target;● In this way, it is left to chance to reach the target as it is not controlled

whether the target is clear and realistic;● What we need to do is to put realistic and clear targets in the first place, ● If we cannot achieve our goal and if it is due to us, we need to look back at

our goal, to reassess how we set the target and how we provide our motivation.

Key Areas and PrioritiesKey areas are main areas of our lives, which occupy a certain space and where we spend energy and time.

These areas are continuously in our lives, but one or more of them can come forward or go backward in different phases.

Relationships

Career

Money

Family

Personal Development

Health

Education

Social Responsibility

Key Areas and Priorities● All of these areas are important to us and we would like to spend time and

energy in some way for all of them;● Unfortunately, this is not possible;● This is where our priorities come into play;● Considering our priorities when looking at our key areas, we can answer the

question of what is important to us;● Knowing our priorities is important to allocate time to key areas according

their importance for us;● Our priorities may change over time or depending on the situation;● For this reason, we need to re-evaluate our priorities at certain intervals, set

targets accordingly and plan time.

SMART(ER) Targets● Often our goals can be confused with imaginations;● However, imaginings and goals are different from each other.● Goals should be defined more clearly so that the imaginations are

more long-term and general, and the targets are realized in a certain time period.

● Our goals can lead us to our imaginations;● However, we need to set clear and clear targets for these;● The goals that are set according to certain principles help you

achieve a higher performance.● These principles, which are known by the abbreviation

«SMART(ER)», which can be explained as follows:

SMART(ER) Targets

SMART(ER) Targets

● «I want to be good on the guitar.»

This statement does not comply with the SMART criteria, and this may constitute a major obstacle to its realization.

● «A year later I will play pieces of a higher difficulty level on the acoustic guitar.»

This statement is much more evident, and the duration is certain, attainable and measurable.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT AnalysisThe next step from a goal determined in accordance with the SMART(ER) criteria, is to generate a road map for this target;But the first thing we have to do when determining this roadmap is to determine the current situation, the opportunities and the difficulties that may arise;What we need is a SWOT Analysis of our SMART goal.With the SWOT analysis following issues are aimed: It enables to understand whether the target is realistic or not; It helps predicting possible problems when going to the target; By going to a specific target, we need to figure out in what directions we

need to improve; It is helpful to set these development areas as sub-targets and to start

working on them.

SWOT Analysis

Personality traits, habits or accumulations that can help me reach the target I have set.

Personality traits, habits, or shortcomings that can make it difficult for me to reach my targets.

They will be able to come to my target if I can stand up and evaluate the way to reach the target.

They are external factors that can prevent me from reaching my targets.

What is SWOT Analysis?Basically, it is a planning and organizing tool used to evaluate an institution or organization and the environment it is in, but it can also be applied to Individuals;

SWOT Analysis is introduced initially by Albert S. Humphrey in the 1960s still maintains its validity today;

It is a technique used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a technique, process, or situation and to identify opportunities and threats that originate from the outside world;

In this case, it is easily determined whether the current situation of the institution or the individual is correct or not.

Why SWOT Analysis?The aim is to develop plans and strategies that will minimize the impact of threats and weaknesses, taking into account internal and external factors, taking advantage of existing strengths and opportunities at the highest level.

SWOT analysis allows us to focus on areas where we are strong and where great opportunities exist.

Framework

INTERNAL IMPACTS

STRENGTHS: Strengths of the individual, organization, technique, process or situation examined. (positive issues)

WEAKNESSES: The weaknesses of the individual, organization, technique, process, or situation examined. (negative aspects)

EXTERNAL IMPACTS

OPPORTUNITIES: Conditions and opportunities in the external environment that support strong sides. (positive issues)

THREATS: Threats from the outside. (negative aspects).

The Importance of SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is a systematic planning (strategic planning) tool aimed at reducing the weak and threatening aspects of an organization or individual by identifying the strengths and matching them to the best opportunities for the purpose of developing a plan or resolving a problem.

GOALS OF SWOT ANALYSIS:

Current Situation Analysis (Depicting);

An Opinion, Project Evaluation (Decision Making).

Strengths What are the issues you are good at?

What circumstances should you prefer?

What are you doing wisely?

What do you at best?

On what issues you are better than others?

What's going well?

What do we need to feature?

Our directions that seem strong from the outside?

Weaknesses What are the directions you need to improve?

What circumstances should we avoid?

What are you doing badly?

What do you need to improve?

On what issues are others better than you?

What's not going well?

What do we need to fix?

Our directions that seem weak from the outside?

Opportunities What are good opportunities waiting for you?

How can you benefit from the latest changes in technology?

How can you benefit from the latest changes in the rules?

How can you transform your strengths into opportunities?

How can you turn your weaknesses into opportunities?

What are the current developments in the environment? Economic; Technological; Political; Socio-cultural; Environmental; Legal.

Threats What obstacles are there in front of you?

How are the recent changes in technology affecting you?

How are the recent changes in the rules affecting you?

Can your strengths turn into danger?

Can your weakness turn into a threat?

What kind of obstacles do you encounter?

Are the expected business, product, or service standards changing?

Does changing technology threaten your position?

Do you have financial problems?

What are the current obstacles?

SMART Goal: “A year later I will play pieces of a higher difficulty level on the acoustic guitar.”

Strengths● I have five years experience of guitar.● I am talented.● I have a good guitar.

Weaknesses● I do not have a teacher yet. ● My musical knowledge is underdeveloped. ● I do not have a score book.

Opportunities● I can get some support from the Music Club.● I can use the resources in the library.● I can imitate the artists coming to the live

festival.

Threats● I can not take the time because of the intensity

of the lessons.● I can not work as well at the dorm, as I work at

home.

SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis of different people working on the same target may also be

different, because everyone's strengths and weaknesses towards a goal, their opportunities and their threats, may differ.

After the SWOT analysis is done, the person gets tips on where to start working on that target.

Before making his or her strengths stronger, one can work towards the directions that need to be developed, take steps to prevent threats from being threatened, and evaluate the opportunities that occure.

Thank you…Instructor: Prof. Dr. B. Aykut ARIKAN

baarikan@gelisim.edu.tr