Upload
harshal-patil
View
325
Download
22
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Bus Reservation
1
SUBMITED BY
MAHAJAN MADHURI VIKAS
ADVANCE DEPLOMA IN SOFTWERE TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2004-2005
Bus Reservation
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project entitled “Travel Reservation
System” has satisfactory
completed in academic year 2004-2005 by towards partial
fulfillment of ADSTM
Guide Anupama chaudhari
Head Of Department
Of Computer Software
2
Bus Reservation
I.M.R.College, Jalgaon.
Examiner External Examiner
Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to express our sincere thank to the
management of the TRAVEL RESERVATION SYSTEM for
“SANGITAM TRAVEL’S” Jalgaon. for their kind permission for
allowing me to under go project work and for giving me whole hearted
co-operation for completing the project work. We are thankful to all
members of the organization help us guide Prof. Anupama Chaudhari.
for her valuable co-operation. very greatful Prof. Vilas Pawar. Finally
we express our gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly helped me
in completion of our project.
Miss. Madhuri V. Mahajan.
3
Bus Reservation
INDEX
Sr. No.
Name Page No.
1 Introduction.a) Introduction To Project.b) Introduction To Organization.
5
2 System Requirement Analysis.a) Study Of Existing System.b) Drawbacks And Limitations.c) Need For Computerization.
6
3 Feasibility Study.a) Introduction.b) Technical Feasibility.c) Operational Feasibility.d) Behavioral Feasibility.
9
4 System Analysis.a) Introduction.b) Entity Relationship Diagram.c) Data Flow Diagram.
11
5 System Design.a) Introduction.b) Database Normalization.c) Table Structure.d) Menu And Forms Design.
17
6 Testing.a) Introduction.b) White Box Testing.c) Black Box Testing.d) GUI Testing.
32
7 Conclusion.a) Strengths And Limitations Of Software.b) Future Enhancement.
35
8 Hardware And Software Requirements. 379 References. 38
10 Appendices. 39
4
Bus Reservation
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction To Project: - Travel Reservation can be
maintained.This application is helpful for keeping track of
reservation & maintain availability of the seats.In case of
reservation,everytime travel agent have to maintain the list how
many seats are vacant for each city.When person will come for
reservation,first check on require date the seats are free or
not.Again check whether the seats are arranged in proper manner
like the neighboure of the ladies should be ladies.This task is
maintained in this project.By using this application just by seeing all
list travel agent can book the ticket for customer.process
Thus this application is useful to reserve the seats for
particular city & on require date.
Introduction To Organization: - Mr. Vinod Deshmukh is the
owner of Travel agency named as “Sangitam Travels”. He is the
progressive person in his field. This Travel agency was by him about
9-10 years ago in Jalgaon.
Now a days computer are used for working it.And all data or
information entered in accurate manner.This system is very fastly
done work rather than manual working system.In this system all
works are done in only in computer & also noted down in a
notebook,like cashbook,reservation information book.But all data or
information about it is automatically entered in this book which
appears in computer.
5
Bus Reservation
In this system they are issued tickets with printer &
when this system is used,the working speed is increased.
6
Bus Reservation
Chapter 2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
About The Existing System: - In this section we are going to study
the existing system and analyze its manual working to find out the
requirements of the system. Analysis includes the studying the manual
working, listing and limitations, need of computerization and scope of
project.
1) Study Of Existing System: - Manual working of the petrol
pump comprises the following main modules that are handled
completely manually.
As per the analysis the detail working can be described as: -
a) Stock Remaining.
b) Employee Details.
a) Stock Remaining: -There are the special persons who checks
the stock and stores the record as stock remaining, and
calculates the total sales by total stock minus remaining stock.
This process is very lengthy and time consuming. There is also
need of calculating daily sail of oil. For this there is also a lengthy
method used by workers.
b) Employee Details: - In this storage process there is record
about employee. This is another important storage structure. In
this structure the overall detail of employee are consider such as
name, address, city, date of joining, monthly payment, their
borrowing amount, employees remaining balance etc are the
record about employee which is another remember able fact.
7
Bus Reservation
Need For Computerization: -
The need for computerized system in our 21st century. A
computer is needed in every field in every where and it is the fact that
the computerized system is much better than existing system. (Manual
system) In this system less time required. There is no risk of lost of
details. Also the data feeding and updating is easy. Previously it was
the job of more people at different departments. But by using this
system all above problems are overcome. Only few persons are
required to operate computerized system.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERIZATION: -
The computerized system is very useful because of following points
1) Economy: -
These systems can analysis the data at the lower cost than the
manual system.
2) Speed: -
Computers work at a very high speed.
3) Accuracy: -
Accurate result can achieve. Result of report generation is very
accurate.
4) Security: -
As the data stores in magnetic device such as hard disc and
floppy disc.
5) Reliability: -
As the data is saved one can add, modify and delete when
required. Machine is always reliable the human.
DRAWBACKS OF PREVIOUS SYSTEM: -
1) In the travel employee has to handle large number of entries
everyday.As the number of peoples journet from one place to
another place,it increases the burdan of clerical work.
2) The recording of the particulars of resevation,its availability &
the details of the members is a time consuming job.
8
Bus Reservation
3) For handling all the transactions such as booking,changing &
canceling is a need of more clerical staff.
4) The past data has to be kept carefully for the future reference,if
unfortunately accidents are there,then this information is used.
5) The major problem of existing system is, there is no security, an
anyone is able to see, change or delete existing data.
6) Finally the conclusion for existing system is it is completely
manual.
9
Bus Reservation
Chapter 3
FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTRODUCTION:
This is always essential to evaluate the various aspects before
we develop the system. Evaluation should always. Justify the cost and
benefit ratio. It is found that benefits are less as compared to the cost
of avoided going in for computerization.
Feasibility project is justify by: -
1. Economical feasibility.
2. Technical Feasibility.
3. Social and Operational feasibility.
4. Behavioral feasibility.
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY: -
This also called as COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS. Cost and benefit
analysis gives us for computerization, the cost will reduce in some
aspects and respective increase in not as much as compared to
reduction computerization will reduce the requirement staff. It will also
reduce the cost of non-reusable stationary; the computer stationary
will replace the various types of bills and registers.
10
Bus Reservation 11
Bus Reservation
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: -
In this type of feasibility we have to see that whatever existing
system in the organization supports the computerized systems or not.
In other words, is the computerized system working same as that of
the existing system?
The computerized system may not create any problem, if any
problem regarding to the system occurs, then the manner can contact
to the software consultancy firm, so that they can remove the
problems or bugs.
The system can also be expanded it the need arises. There are
technical guaranties of accuracy reliability and easy to access of data
and data security.
SOCIAL AND OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: -
As the new system involve less persons the confusion arising in
the process, the time lagged, the labor and other cost are reduced.
Operating with records in both situations in quite different.
Manual system was also disliked, because of completion and other
hassles involve maintaining records. After computerization it becomes
the job of single operator with no risk involved on posting and report
generation. Speed of the operator is also increased substantial.
BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY: -
As computer do the job of many people, less number of peoples
required. Replacing the existing system with the computerized system
will not affect the job employment of the existing employee as the
employee can be shifted to other departments. For this reason the
current staff does not oppose the computerized system. Users should
be trained through courses, so they will become familiar to the system
and operate the system easily.
12
Bus Reservation
Chapter 4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Data Objects: - A data object of almost any composite information
that can be understood by software. Composite information means
something that has a different number of different properties or
attributes.
A data object can be external entity defines in terms of set of
attributes. The data object description incorporates the data object and
all its attributes. Data objects are related to one another and
encapsulate data only; there is no reference to operation that act on
the data
E-R Diagrams: - E-R diagrams can express the overall logical
structure of a database graphically. The E-R model is one of the several
semantic data model. The semantic aspect of data model lies in
attempt to mapping the meaning and interaction of real world
enterprises into conceptual scheme.
Data Flow Diagrams: - A DFD is a graphical technique that
depicts information flow and transforms the data that moves from
input to output. The DFD is also known as Data Flow Graf or Bubble
Chart.
Shows the process in DFD
1)
13
Bus Reservation
Represents the
source or sink
14
Bus Reservation
Represents Changes in
file
Flow of bi-directional data
Entity Relationship Diagram: -
Entity Relationship Diagram Of Order
Entity Relationship Diagram Of Bank A/C
15
Name
Address
City Phone_No.
Cell_No.
Supplier Order
Oil
Type
Quantity
Bank_Name
Branch_Name
City
Bank
Accout_No
Balance
User A/CA/C
Customer
Bus Reservation
Entity Relationship Diagram Of
Sales
Entity Relationship Diagram Of Employee
Salary
16
CName
Address
CityOil_Type
Prc_Pr_Ltr Quantity
Ttl_Prc
SalesBill
Address
Name City
Employee
Salary_Amount
For_Month
Balance
SalaryEmp_Salary
Custome
Cust Info
New Cust
Permanent Cust
Record Saved
Comes For Oil Purchasing
Comes For Oil Purchasing
CustomerUpdating Record
New Customer
Cheque
Record Saved
SalesCash
Old Cust
Bill Pay
Cheque
SalesCash
Record Saved
Bus Reservation
Data Flow Diagram : -
a) Context Flow Diagram: -
b) 1st Level DFD: -
17
Petrol PumpManagement
System
Order
Oil Sale
Employee
Account No.
Supplier
Customer
Bill
Stock Refill
Salary
A/C Update
Oil Supplied
Balance
1.1Custome
r Info
Collection
Customer
1.0Checkin
g Custome
r Info.
1.2Oil
Selling
1.6Paymen
t
1.7Checkin
g Cheque
No
1.3Checkin
g Balance
1.4Bill
Receiving
1.5Checkin
g Cheque
No.
1.8Bill
Printing
Employee Salary
New Employee
Employee Record Employee
Details
Salary Payment
Record Stored
Salary
Old Employee Info
Calculating Balance
Record Stored
Stock Order
Supplier Info For Order
Order Gives To Supplier
Oil Received
Stock
Stock Info
Order
Stored In
Bus Reservation
c) 2nd Level DFD: -
c) 3rd Level DFD: -
18
Employee
2.1Add
Employee
2.4Paying Salary
2.2Checking Employee Info.
2.3Remaining Salary Payment
3.1Finding Supplier
Info
Order
3.2Supplier Sends
Oil Stock
3.3Stock Filling
Supplier Info NewInformation
Stored Supplier
Old SupplierIf Supplier Info Changed
Information Stored
Bus Reservation
d) 4th Level DFD: -
19
Supplier
4.1Add New
Supplier
4.2Checkin
g Supplier
Info
4.3UpdatingSupplier Info
Bus Reservation
Chapter 5
SYSTEM DESIGN
Database Normalization: -
The Normalization is the most essential part as per the database
management system is concerning that it is nothing but the simplest
form between the relation data and entity. The main considerable
function of the Normalization is the data redundancy.
The process known, as Normalization is the technique used to
group that attributes in several ways that eliminates these types of
problems. More specifically the goals of Normalization are to minimize
redundancy and functional dependency occurs when the value of one
attribute can be determined from the value of another attribute. By
definition all non-key attribute will b e functional dependent on the
primary key in every relation.
If we denormalise the tables we will face the problem of data
redundancy which will result in data inconsistency.
So to overcome these problems Normalization process is must
for future convenience. Thus we have tried our level best to normalize
the data to overcome these problems.
“Normalization can thus be defined as the process of restricting a
relation (table) for reducing it to a form where each domain would
consist of single non-composite values”. Normalization consists of four
Normal Forms: -
1. First Normal Form.
2. Second Normal Form.
3. Third Normal Form.
4. Boyce_Codd Normal Form.
20
Bus Reservation
Table Design: - This module is consisting the different tables that
are being utilized by the system. All the tables are normalized up to
third normal form. Their requirements of all the users sure taken
into consider deciding the actual data that needs to be stored in the
system. While designing the database records for the system proper
care has been taken for not allowing the duplicate records and
unnecessary redundancy of data.
1) Table Name:- Busdetails
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
BusNo Text 50 - Description Text 50 - Timing Text 50 - Noofseats Number 8 - bustype Text 50 -
This table is used for storing information about the Bus Details.
21
Bus Reservation
2) Table Name:- Employee
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
EmployeeNo Text 50 Primary KeyEmployee_Name Text 50 -Address Text 50 -Phone Text 50 -Salary Currency 8 -DateofJoing Date/Time 10 -DateofBirth Date/Time 10Qualification Text 50Designation Text 50Balance Currency 8
This table is used for storing information about the Employee.
3) Table Name:- Expenses
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
Date Date/Time 10 -Amount Currency 8 -Description Text 50 -
This table is used for storing information about the Expenses.
4) Table Name:- FareDetails
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
Fare Currency 8 -Destination Text 50 Primary KeyBusType Text 50 -
This table is used for storing information about the FareDetails
22
Bus Reservation
5) Table Name:- Login11
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
username Text 50 Primary Keypassword Text 50 -
This table is used for storing information about the Login11.
6) Table Name:- salary
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
EmployeeNo Text 50 -EmployeeName Text 50 -Date Date/Time 10 -Salary Number 50 -PaidAmount Currency 8 -ForMonth Text 50 -PhoneNo Number 8Balance Currency 8
This table is used for storing information about the Salary.
23
Bus Reservation
7) Table Name :- TicketBooking
FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints
Ticketno Text 50 -Date Text 50 Primary KeyDateOBooking Date/Time 10 Foreign KeyFare Currency 8 -NOOfPassenger Number 8 -Destination Text 50 -Busno Text 50 -Timing Date/Time 10 -PassengerName Text 50 -
This table is used for storing information about the Ticket
booking.
Menu And Forms Design: -
e) Login Form: -
24
Bus Reservation
f) MDI Form: –
25
Bus Reservation
g) Expences Details Form: -
26
Bus Reservation
h) Bus Details Form: -
27
Bus Reservation
i) Employee Details: -
28
Bus Reservation
j) Employee Salary Form: -
29
Bus Reservation
k) Fare Details Form: -
30
Bus Reservation
l) Ticket Booking Details: -
31
Bus Reservation 32
Bus Reservation 33
Bus Reservation
Chapter 6
TESTING
WHITE BOX TESTING: -
a) A complementary approach to Black - Box testing is sometimes
called structural or glass box testing.
b) As the name implies, the tester can analyses the code and use
knowledge about structure of a component to driven test data.
c) The advantage of structural testing is that an analysis of the code
can be used to find how many test cases are needed to guarantee
a given level of test coverage.
34
Bus Reservation
d) A dynamic analyzer can then be used to measure the extent of this
coverage and help with test case design.
Techniques of white-box testing are: -
1) Basic path of Testing.
2) Condition Testing.
3) Data Flow Testing.
BLACK BOX TESTING: -
a) Black box testing relies on the specification of the system or
component, which is being tested to drive test cases.
b) The system in a ‘Black-Box’ whose behavior can only be determined
by studying its inputs and the related outputs.
c) Another name for this is Functional Testing because mathematical
functions can be specified using only there inputs and outputs.
d) This model is same as that used for reliability testing.
e) The key problem for the defect tester is to select inputs that have a
high probability of being members of the set. In many cases, the
selection of these test cases is based on the previous experience of
test engineers. They use domain knowledge to identify test cases,
which are likely to reveal defects.
f) Objectives of Black-Box testing are to find out:
1) Incorrect or missing functions.
2) Interface errors.
3) Errors in data structure and external database access.
4) Performance errors.
5) Initialization and termination errors.
g) Techniques used for Black-Box are:
1) Equivalent partitioning and boundary value analysis.
TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION: -
1) Testing.
2) Integration Testing.
TESTING: -
35
Bus Reservation
Even through many tests are conducted at different levels there
remains some errors or weakness, which may not detected. System
testing is necessary to detect such type of errors when encountered at
time of program testing. In this stage each and every minute point is
considered. One can refer this stage as final touch to system. This test
takes in to account the actual involvement in which the user operates.
The system test is considered to check weather any changes have to
be made in the program that is in whole system.
After the system testing, working has been made the full
satisfaction of the user and known the system is full ready to be
implemented at the user place.
TEST RUN: -
After completion of designing stage of the system development,
next important stage is testing can be classified as-
a) Program Testing.
b) System Testing.
36
Bus Reservation
PROGRAM TESTING: -
When each module is completed. It has been tested in order to
the at time of execution of that module. For this purpose test data is
prepared and document to ensure that aspects of the program are
working properly. A program represents logical elements of the system
so that an error free program must be achieved programming testing
tests two types of errors.
a) Syntax Error.
b) Logical Error.
SYNTAX ERROR: -
Syntax error is one, which violate one or more rules of the
language in which module or program are written. This error shown
through error message generated by the computer at the time of
execution of program. Such error is to correct.
LOGICAL ERROR: -
A logical error with the incorrect data fields, out of range items,
invalid combinations and the error violating the logic of the program.
As the computer not detect such type of errors, it is better to take
maximum care to avoid such types of errors at the time of
programming. Flowchart of the program is good media to such types of
errors.
Considering all the above aspect each module is tested. When
the error free programming is executes, and then the actual output is
compared with the executed output.
SYSTEM TESTING: -
After having completed the design and coding phase, it is
essential to test the package to ensure that it perform in accordance
with the requirement. Also the software has to be ‘test run’ before it
can be adopted.
37
Bus Reservation
Chapter 7
CONCLUSION
Strength And Limitation Of Software: -
Now the time come when my project “Travel Reservation
System” is ready to work on the system of the Sangitam Travel
Agancy The software contains all the new and advance facility given
by the Visual Basic. The project has given to us for the ability to solve
the problems related to databases and by form designing we got much
more theoretical as well as practical knowledge. Now we have realize
the importance of the Software Development Life Cycle and the
various stages in it namely problem definition, analysis, design
implementation, testing ad debugging, maintenance.
Since, we have developed the software for organization, we have
to adapt their standard. Although the software is not build by the
single person. That are build by a team or several by teams together.
But I have tried by best to make this software all purpose user-friendly.
It is very rarely when there are no bugs in software. When you
run this first time every software has some error during there first
execution. I also have to face some errors in which some are removed
in fraction of minute and some of them take about whole day. But I
never felt frustrate. As we know “Where There Is Will There Is Way”
and it is so. I have never handle this type of software before. My guide
liner told me that it is not important that what is your software it is
most be error free. Well all is well when end is well; the entire project is
my lifetime achievement and full of knowledge experience.
38
Bus Reservation
Future Enhancement: -
As I have already mentioned that the system consist of all the
new and advanced facilities given by Visual Basic 6.0. But as the time
never stops and the man should change with time. As the man will
change their requirement will also be changed time by time. The most
important thing of this software is that it is further improved with
having change in its current setting. We can also change the security
of the software over the time, because by the time software will have
more and more secure as the data also secure.
39
Bus Reservation
Chapter 8
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
HARDWARE: -
a) Pentium Processor III or Higher.
b) Minimum 32 MB RAM.
c) 1.2 GB HDD.
d) 1.44 FDD.
e) EGA/VGA Graphics Adapter.
SOFTWARE: -
1. Win9X, XP, NT, 2000, SERVER etc Operating Systems (Any Of
These.)
2. As Backend of MS-Access.
40
Bus Reservation
Chapter 9
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. VISUAL BASIC 6 PROGRAMMING BLACK BOOK.
- STEVEN HOLZNER.
2. MASTERING VISUAL BASIC 6.
3. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
- SHASHANK D. JOSHI.
4. DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPT.
- HENRY F. KORTH.
5. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.
- SHASHANK D. JOSHI.
6. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.
- ROGER PRESSMAN.
41
Bus Reservation
Chapter 10
APPENDICES
End User Comment: -
In this system we know there are various forms o maintain
records such as –
1) Login Form.
2) Customer Master.
3) Quotation Master.
4) BO Master.
5) Delivery Master.
6) Category Master.
7) Product Master.
8) Company Master.
9) Rate Master.
In the above forms there are two types of forms one for Login Form
for master and second for registration of customer in Customer
Master Form.
User Manual: -
a) First check whether required package (MS-Access) is available or
not.
b) If not install it on your system.
c) Start database by using appropriate connection.
d) Connect Database.
e) After that Login screen appears.
42