Burj Al Arab (1)

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Burj Al Arab(Arabic: ,Tower of the Arabs) is a luxuryhotellocated inDubai,United Arab Emirates. At 321 m (1,053 ft), it is thefourth tallest hotel in the world. Burj AlArab stands on anartificial island280 m (920 ft) out fromJumeirahbeach, and is connectedto the mainland by a private curving bridge. The shape of the structure is designed to mimicthe sail of a ship. Sometimes described as "the world's only seven-Star hotel", itsstar rating

has been often debated.

Contents

[hide]

1 Site 2 Design and construction 3 Features

o 3.1 Rooms and suites

o 3.2 Restaurantso 3.3 Rating

4 Reviews by architecture critics 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links

[edit] Site

The beachfront area where Burj Al Arab andJumeirah Beach Hotelare located waspreviously calledChicago Beach.[6]The hotel is located on an island ofreclaimed land280meters offshore of the beach of the former Chicago Beach Hotel.[7]The locale's name had itsorigins in theChicago Bridge & Iron Companywhich at one time welded giantfloating oilstorage tankerson the site.[6]

The old name persisted after the old Hotel was demolished in 1997.Dubai Chicago BeachHotel remained as the Public Project Name for the construction phase of Burj Al Arab HoteluntilSheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoumannounced the new name.[8]

[edit] Design and construction

Burj Al Arab was designed by architect Tom Wright of WS Atkins PLC. The design andconstruction were managed by Canadian engineer Rick Gregory also of WS Atkins.Construction of the Island began in 1994. It was built to resemble the sail of adhow, a type ofArabian vessel. Two "wings" spread in a V to form a vast "mast", while the space betweenthem is enclosed in a massive atrium. The architectTom Wright[9]said "The client wanted abuilding that would become an iconic or symbolic statement for Dubai; this is very similar toSydneywith itsOpera House,LondonwithBig Ben, orPariswith theEiffel Tower. It neededto be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country."[10]
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The architect and engineering consultant for the project wasAtkins.Fletcher Constructionfrom New Zealand was the lead joint venture partner in the initial stages of pre-constructionand construction.[11]The hotel was built bySouth Africanconstruction contractorMurray &Roberts& Al Habtoor Engineering.[12]

The building opened in December 1999.

[edit] Features

Lobby

Looking down at the atrium

Several features of the hotel required complex engineering feats to achieve. The hotel rests onan artificial island constructed 280 m (920 ft) offshore. To secure a foundation, the buildersdrove 230 forty-meter (130 ft) long concretepilesinto the sand.[13]

Engineers created a surface layer of large rocks, which is circled with a concretehoneycombpattern, which serves to protect the foundation from erosion. It took three years toreclaimtheland from the sea, while it took fewer than three years to construct the building itself. Thebuilding contains over 70,000 m3 (92,000 cu yd) of concrete and 9,000 tons of steel.[13]
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Inside the building, theatriumis 180 m (590 ft) tall.

Burj Al Arab is the world's second tallest hotel (not including buildings with mixed use). Thestructure of theRose Rayhaan, also inDubai, is 11 m (36 ft) taller than Burj Al Arab.

[edit] Rooms and suites

The hotel is managed by theJumeirah Group. Despite its size, Burj Al Arab holds only 28double-story floors which accommodate 202 bedroom suites. The smallest suite occupies anarea of 169 m2 (1,820 sq ft), the largest covers 780 m2 (8,400 sq ft).[14]

Suites feature design details that juxtapose east and west. White columns show greatinfluence.[clarification needed] Bathrooms are accented by mosaic tile patterns.[citation needed]

Prices of rooms vary from approximately $1,000 to $27,000 per night.

[edit] Restaurants

Al Muntaha

Al Mahara
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Burj al arab and 360 degree club

Al Muntaha(Arabicfor "Highest" or "Ultimate"), is located 200 m (660 ft) above theArabian Gulf, offering a view of Dubai. It is supported by a full cantileverthat extends 27 m(89 ft) from either side of the mast, and is accessed to a panoramicelevator.

Al Mahara ("Oyster"), which is accessed via a simulated submarine voyage, features a largeseawateraquarium, holding roughly 9,900,000 L (350,000 cu ft) of water. The tank, made ofacrylic glassin order to withstand the water pressure, is about 18 cm (7.1 in) thick.[citationneeded]

[edit] Rating

The hotel is officially rated Five-Star Deluxe.[citation needed] However, it is frequently describedas "the world's only seven-Star hotel", although the hotel management claims to never havedone that themselves. In the words of a Jumeirah Group spokesperson: "There's not a lot wecan do to stop it. We're not encouraging the use of the term. We've never used it in ouradvertising."[15]According to the group, the "Seven-Star" notion was brought to being by aBritish journalist who visited the hotel on a pre-opening press trip. The journalist "describedBurj al Arab in her article as above and beyond anything she had ever seen and called it aseven-star hotel."[15]

[edit] Reviews by architecture critics

Burj Al Arab has attracted criticism as well as praise, described as "a contradiction of sorts,considering how well-designed and impressive the construction ultimately proves to be."[16]

The contradiction here seems to be related to the hotels decor. "This extraordinaryinvestment in state-of-the-art construction technology stretches the limits of the ambitiousurban imagination in an exercise that is largely due to the power of excessive wealth."Another critic includes negative critiques for the city of Dubai as well: "both the hotel and thecity, after all, are monuments to the triumph of money over practicality. Both elevate styleover substance."[16]Yet another: "Emulating the quality of palatial interiors, in an expressionof wealth for the mainstream, a theater of opulence is created in Burj Al Arab The result isa baroque effect".[16]

[edit] See also

W Barcelona(Hotel Vela) - skyscraper of similar appearance (sail) Vasco da Gama Tower- similar structure

[edit] References

1. ^"Burj Al Arab".Encyclopedia of Things. Glasssteelandstone. 3 January 2011.http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/.Retrieved 3 January 2011.

2. ^Burj Al ArabatEmporis

3. ^Burj Al ArabatSkyscraperPage4. ^Burj Al ArabatStructurae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Barcelonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Barcelonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com_0-0http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-1http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=107803http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=107803http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=107803http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-2http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyscraperPagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyscraperPagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyscraperPagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-3http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0001194http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0001194http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0001194http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0001194http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyscraperPagehttp://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporishttp://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=107803http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-1http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com/2008/02/23/burj-al-arab-construction/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-worldstallestskyscrapers.wordpress.com_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Barcelonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-arcUAE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_note-The_National-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language


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5. ^"Stay at Burj Al Arab". Jumeirah.http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/. Retrieved 4January 2010.

6. âbKrane, Jim City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism, page 103, St.Martin's Press (September 15, 2009)

7. ^http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/galleries/chicagohotel.shtm 8. ^http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/places/chicagohotel.shtm 9. ^"Burj Al Arab". Galinsky.http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htm .

Retrieved 2008-06-08.10.^"Dubai's Dream Palace - Burj Al-Arab Hotel".Megastructures. No. 70.11.^"Dubai Chicago Beach Hotel - Fletcher Construction Company".

http://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=ye .12.^"Murray & Roberts". Murray & Roberts. 2006-06-21.http://www.murrob.com/.

Retrieved 2007-01-24.13.âb"Burj Al Arab". EgyptEng.com engineering directory. 2000. Archived fromthe

originalon 2007-01-17.

http://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http://www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asp. Retrieved 2007-01-24.

14.^Damluji, Salma Samar, The Architecture of the U.A.E.. Reading, UK: 2006.15.âb"Hotel star ratings standards long overdue".The National. 2009-07-14.

http://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overdue. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

16.âbc[The Architecture of the U.A.E..]

[edit] Further reading
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Stay_4-0http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-6http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/galleries/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/galleries/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/galleries/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-7http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/places/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/places/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/places/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-8http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-megastructures70_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-megastructures70_9-0http://www.tvthrong.co.uk/megastructures/megastructures-the-worlds-tallest-hotel-monday-july-9http://www.tvthrong.co.uk/megastructures/megastructures-the-worlds-tallest-hotel-monday-july-9http://www.tvthrong.co.uk/megastructures/megastructures-the-worlds-tallest-hotel-monday-july-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megastructureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megastructureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megastructureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Fletcher_10-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Fletcher_10-0http://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test5_11-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test5_11-0http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-1http://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test7_13-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test7_13-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test7_13-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-1http://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Al_Arab&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-arcUAE_15-0http://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-tourism/hotel-star-ratings-standards-long-overduehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-The_National_14-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test7_13-0http://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070117194511/http:/www.egypteng.com/projectm/burj.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-egypteng1_12-0http://www.murrob.com/http://www.murrob.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-test5_11-0http://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/project.php?project_id=105&archived=yehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Fletcher_10-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megastructureshttp://www.tvthrong.co.uk/megastructures/megastructures-the-worlds-tallest-hotel-monday-july-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-megastructures70_9-0http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/burjalarab/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-8http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/places/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-7http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.com/pages/galleries/chicagohotel.shtmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Krane.2C_Jim_page_103_5-0http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://www.jumeirah.com/en/Hotels-and-Resorts/Destinations/Dubai/Burj-Al-Arab/Suites/Staying-with-Us1/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab#cite_ref-Stay_4-0


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Burj Al Arab Tower of the Arabs

architect

Tom Wills-Wright (WS Atkins)The interior was designed by Khuan Chew, Design Principal of KCA International (London).

location

PO Box 74147 Jumeirah Beach Road, Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates .

date

1994-1999

style

Postmodern

construction

321 m The Burj Al Arab is the world's tallest hotel. 5 stars* No. of rooms 202Antenna/Spire 321 m (1,053 ft) Roof 210 m (689 ft)Top floor 200 m (656 ft) Floor count 60Floor area 111,500 m (1,2000,000 sq ft)Elevator count 18

type
http://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-M12.htmhttp://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-M12.htmhttp://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-M12.htm


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Hotel
http://www.essential-architecture.com/TYPE/TYPE-18.htmhttp://www.essential-architecture.com/TYPE/TYPE-18.htmhttp://www.essential-architecture.com/TYPE/TYPE-18.htm


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atrium


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A front on view ofthe Burj Al Arab Hotel. The disk near the top of the tower is a helicopter landingpad.


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The base of the atrium with waterfountain


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One of the hotelsuites


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Sunset the exterior (click images for larger

versions)
http://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_al_Arab2_SvG.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_al_Arab2_SvG.jpg


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http://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(1).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(13).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_Al_Arab_on_19_March_2007.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Dubai_Burj_el_Arab.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(1).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(13).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_Al_Arab_on_19_March_2007.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Dubai_Burj_el_Arab.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(1).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(13).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_Al_Arab_on_19_March_2007.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Dubai_Burj_el_Arab.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(1).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/burj-arab(13).jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Burj_Al_Arab_on_19_March_2007.jpghttp://www.dubai-architecture.info/images/800px-Dubai_Burj_el_Arab.jpg


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the

interior (click images for larger versions)
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The Burj Al Arab (Arabic: ,

"Tower of the Arabs") is a luxury hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates managed by theJumeirah Group and built by Said Khalil. It was designed by Tom Wright of WS Atkins PLC.At 321 metres (1,053 ft), it is the tallest building used exclusively as a hotel.[2] However, theRose Tower, also in Dubai, which has already topped Burj Al Arab's height, will take awaythis title upon its opening in April 2008. The Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280metres (919 ft) out from Jumeirah beach, and is connected to the mainland by a privatecurving bridge. It is an iconic structure, designed to symbolize Dubai's urban transformationand to mimic the billowing sail of a boat.

ConstructionConstruction of Burj Al Arab began in 1994. It was built to resemble the sail of a dhow, atype of Arabian vessel. Two "wings" spread in a V to form a vast "mast", while the spacebetween them is enclosed in a massive atrium. Architect Tom Wright said "The client wanteda building that would become an iconic or symbolic statement for Dubai; this is very similarto Sydney with its Opera House, or Paris with the Eiffel Tower. It needed to be a buildingthat would become synonymous with the name of the country."

The architect and engineering consultant for the project was Atkins, the UK's largestmultidisciplinary consultancy. The hotel was built by South African construction contractorMurray & Roberts.The hotel cost $650 million to build.

FeaturesSeveral features of the hotel required complex engineering feats to achieve. The hotel rests on
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an artificial island constructed 280 meters offshore. To secure a foundation, the buildersdrove 230 40-meter long concrete piles into the sand. The foundation is held in place not bybedrock, but by the friction of the sand and silt along the length of the piles.[5]

Engineers created a surface layer of large rocks, which is circled with a concrete honey-comb

pattern, which serves to protect the foundation from erosion. It took three years to reclaim theland from the sea, but less than three years to construct the building itself. The buildingcontains over 70,000 cubic meters of concrete and 9,000 tons of steel.[5]

Inside the building, the atrium is 180 meters (590 ft) tall. During the construction phase, tolower the interior temperature, the building was cooled by half-degree increments over aperiod of three to six months. This was to prevent large amounts of "condensation or in facteven a rain cloud from forming in the hotel during the period of construction." This task wasaccomplished by several cold air nozzles, which point down from the top of the ceiling, andblast a 1 meter cold air pocket down the inside of the sail. This creates a buffer zone, which

controls the interior temperature without massive energy costs.[citations needed]

Burj Al Arab characterizes itself as the world's only "7-star" property, a designationconsidered by travel professionals to be hyperbole. All major travel guides and hotel ratingsystems have a 5-star maximum, which some hotels attempt to out-do by ascribingthemselves "6-star" status. Yet according to the Burj Al Arab's official site, the hotel is a "5-star deluxe hotel". It is the world's tallest structure with a membrane faade and the world'stallest hotel (not including buildings with mixed use) and was the first 5-star hotel to surpass1,000 ft (305 m) in height. Although it is characterized as the world's only 7-Star Hotel,several "7 Star" hotels are under construction. These include the Flower of the East underconstruction in Kish, Iran, The Centaurus Complex under construction in Islamabad, Pakistanand a complex planned for Metro Manila in the Philippines.

Exterior


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The Burj Al Arab artificial island

The building design features a steel exoskeleton wrapped around a reinforced concrete tower.Notably the building is shaped like the sail of a dhow, with two "wings" spread in a V to forma vast "mast". The space between the wings is enclosed by a Teflon-coated fibreglass sail,curving across the front of the building and creating an atrium inside. The sail is made of amaterial called Dyneon, spanning over 161,000 square feet (15,000 m), consists of twolayers, and is divided into twelve panels and installed vertically. The fabric is coated withDuPont Teflon to protect it from harsh desert heat, wind, and dirt; as a result, "the fabricatorsestimate that it will hold up for up to 50 years."[9]

During the day, the white fabric allows a soft, milky light inside the hotel, whereas a clearglass front would produce blinding amounts of glare and a constantly increasing temperature.

At night, both inside and outside, the fabric is lit by color-changing lights. During the periodof mourning following the death of Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum in January2006, the light show and some water features were turned off.

Near the top of the building is a suspended helipad supported by a cantilever. The helipad hasfeatured some of the hotel's notable publicity events. Irish singer Ronan Keating shot hismusic video Iris on the helipad. In March 2004, professional golfer Tiger Woods hit severalgolf balls from the helipad into the Persian Gulf, while in February 2005, professional tennisplayers Roger Federer and Andre Agassi played an unranked game on the helipad, which wastemporarily converted into a grass tennis court, at a height of 211 meters. The helipad has noborders or fences on the edges and if a player hit a winner the tennis balls would plunge down

to the ground.[10][11]
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Interior

The interior was designed by Khuan Chew, Design Principal of KCA International. Otherprojects by Khuan Chew include the Sultan of Brunei's Palace, Dubai International Airport,Jumeirah Beach Resort Development, Madinat Resort and much more.

The Burj Al Arab features the tallest atrium lobby in the world, at 180 meters (590 ft). Theatrium is formed between the building's V-shaped span. The atrium dominates the interior ofthe hotel, and takes up over one-third of interior space. It can accommodate the Dubai WorldTrade Center building, which, at 38 stories, was the tallest building in Dubai from the late1970s to the mid-1990s.

While the exterior of the Burj Al Arab is expressed in terms of ultra-modern sculpturaldesign, the interior guest space is a compilation of lavish and luxurious architectural stylesfrom both the east and the west. The hotel boasts 8,000 square meters of 22-carat gold leafand 24,000 square meters of 30 different types of marble.

In the mezzanine lobby, a fountain creates a "three-dimensional Islamic star pattern."[12]Pointed arches throughout, found in one of the hotels three restaurants, corridors betweenguest rooms, and at the top of the atrium recall a classic Arabian architectural design form.

Rooms and prices

Despite its size, the Burj Al Arab holds only 28 double-story floors which accommodate 202bedroom suites. The smallest suite occupies an area of 169 square meters (1,819 square ft),the largest covers 780 square meters (8,396 square ft). It is one of the most expensive hotelsin the world. The cost of staying in a suite begins at $1,000 per night and increases to over$15,000 per night; the Royal Suite is the most expensive, at $28,000 per night

Suites feature design details that juxtapose east and west. White Tuscan columns and a spiralstaircase covered in marble with a wrought-iron gold leaf railing show influence fromclassicism and art nouveau. Spa-like bathrooms are accented by mosaic tile patterns on thefloors and walls, with Arabian-influenced geometries, which are also found elsewhere in thebuilding.

Restaurants

One of its restaurants, Al Muntaha (Arabic meaning "Highest" or "Ultimate"), is located 200

meters above the Persian Gulf, offering a view of Dubai. It is supported by a full cantileverthat extends 27 meters from either side of the mast, and is accessed by a panoramic elevator.

Another restaurant, the Al Mahara (Arabic "The Oyster"), which is accessed via a simulatedsubmarine voyage, features a large seawater aquarium, holding roughly 35,000 cubic feet(over one million liters) of water. The tank, made of acrylic glass in order to reduce themagnification effect, is about 18 cm (7.5 inches) thick. The restaurant was also voted amongthe top ten best restaurants of the world by Cond Nast Traveler. They have recently hiredacclaimed chef Kevin McLaughlin.

Reviews by architecture critics

Burj Al Arab during sunsetThe Burj Al Arab has attracted criticism as well as praise,


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described as "a contradiction of sorts, considering how well-designed and impressive theconstruction ultimately proves to be."[13] The contradiction here seems to be related to thehotels extreme opulence. "This extraordinary investment in state-of-the-art constructiontechnology stretches the limits of the ambitious urban imagination in an exercise that islargely due to the power of excessive wealth." Another critic includes the city of Dubai as

well: "both the hotel and the city, after all, are monuments to the triumph of money overpracticality. Both elevate style over substance."[13] Yet another: "Emulating the quality ofpalatial interiors, in an expression of wealth for the mainstream, a theater of opulence iscreated in Burj Al Arab The result is a baroque effect".[13] Sam Wollaston writing in TheGuardian described the Burj as "...fabulous, hideous, and the very pinnacle of tackiness - likeVegas after a serious, no-expense-spared, sheik-over".

In Al Manakhthere are two projects from Dubai that keep appearing, without any argument why thesebuildings are so important. The first one is the Burj Al Arab hotel; the second one is theDubai Towers complex that will be discussed later in this series.

In architectural history the word prefiguration is an important one. In the case of majorinventions there are always predecessors that point in a certain direction, prefigure them,but do not take the idea yet as far as it will do later. Tube lighting was in the early twentieth

century for instance prefigured by light bulbs put in rows behind translucent glass panels.Mies van der Rohe did designs like that, without actually having tubes yet, which would take


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that idea into adolescence.

The prefiguration of Dubai is the Burj Al Arab. It was the first project to take the step into thewater. It is still a small step, a small island. But conceptually it meant everything; it openedup The Gulf for inhabitation. And just as the delirious New York used the functionalist

argument of land-value to justify its densification, so does Dubai use the functionalistargument of beach-length to justify its extension into the sea. The argument is in the end notso important, what counts is the end-result.

Another prefiguration is the metaphor of the sail. It is an iconography that has a triple virtue;contextual (the hotel is sited on an island in the water), timeless (sailing has been aroundforever) and pointing to leisure (which works like a duck-building for a duck-restaurant). It isbrilliant. Just one step further is the idea for an island in the form of a palm, and eventually agroup of islands that echo the map of the world.

In Al Manakh we also read that the concept of the Burj Al Arab was originally not

developed by the architect W.S. Atkins, but by the architect Carlos A. Ott. In an interviewwith Todd Reisz the architect says he made sketches for the hotel, but forgot to sign them.When his contact with the client got fired, the displacement found drawings without a name,and then turned to W.S. Atkins to develop the idea further.

My building was identical to Burj Al Arab, but a bit taller. Main concepts building in thewater, sail motif, a restaurant with an aquariumwere my ideas, Ott says. At about thesame time Ott designed a similar looking office building in Montevideo for ANTELCommunications. In the end Ott is the phantom father to the hotel, the anonymous spermdonor so to speak.

Now we also know that that the sail-iconography is an explicit one that has been there sincethe conception of the building. The back, facing the shore, reminds also to a roach, as Ott alsonotes.

It has been suggested that the front corner in combination with the meeting room in the skysecretly form a crucifix, a . That would be a scandal in the Muslim-country, but it merelyproves too much people have read Dan Brown. The horizontal line is just too narrow andplaced too low to really sustain that suggestion.

With 28 stories the Burj Al Arab is not the highest building around. It is not the size of the

building that makes a difference, but its form. Its main invention and feature is the whiteexoskeleton. The strong and sleek frame with its enormous circular sweep transforms thebuilding into a distinctive object. There is no building that tops this frame in beauty. Justmagnificent.

The cantilevering meeting room and hovering UFO-like helicopter platform are theaccessories to this composition, eloquently and very effectively showing off theluxuriousness of the hotel. It is the only 7-star hotel on earth.

The exterior is beautiful, but no show-off. Except for the two tiny clues to the wealth inside itis all very modest and decent. The interior however is a different story. It is a finite

Maximalism:


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- Maximum color- Maximum relief- Maximum form- Maximum difference

The bright colors and sharply cut patterns just blow you away Who made up this orgy?Does maximalism indeed equal the end of good taste, as Willem-Jan Neutelings hassuggested? It seems like it.

I have also to admit that after looking at the images for some days now, I start to like parts ofit. There is a cultural framework that excludes such a use of color. This might however in thefuture. Color is coming back. (Mark my words!)

Special thanks towww.eikongraphia.com Dubai's iconic building is a construction ofsuperlatives. The world's tallest hotel (321 meters) is also popularly described as the world'sonly 7-Star hotel - although its formal rating is 5 Star Deluxe, the highest the international

rating system offers.

Built on its own artificial island, the hotel can be reached by causeway (in one of its courtesywhite Rolls Royces) or by helicopter, straight to its heliport cantilevered out from its topfloor. (The heliport has also served as a grass tennis court for Andre Agassi and RogerFederer, and a golf green for Tiger Woods.)

Also extending from the top floor is the Skyview Bar, with sunset views over the Gulf,including the artificial Palm Jumeirah island and The World archipelago.

Inside, the superlatives mostly translate into extreme gaudiness, with gold leaf applied morefor quantity than design. There is little subtlety in the decor of the communal entrance areas,with the exception of the dramatic larger-than-life aquaria lining the escalators (top-rightpicture).

The front (shore-facing) facade is constructed of two tiers of huge, steel 'X' trusses. Belowthese, full-width windows provide panoramic views from two levels of entrance lobby,unencumbered by structural support.

Above these first two levels, the facade outside of the trusses is made up of translucent whitefabric stretched around the structural frame - the sail of the dhow that the building's shape is

inspired by. During the day, this white wall glows to illuminate the full-height atrium (at 180meters, the world's tallest). At night, a complex arrangement of changing projected lightingmakes Burj Al Arab a changing beacon seen from outside, while providing a dramaticilluminated show seen from the atrium within.

On the opposite side of the atrium, the floors are organized around corridor 'galleries' thatopen onto the atrium space.

How to visit

As its web site describes it, "Burj Al Arab is located in the Jumeirah Beach area of Dubai, 15

km. from the main city centre and 25 km. from Dubai International Airport. It is well servedby taxis and has its own fleet of 10 chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces. It stands proudly on a
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man-made island some 280m. offshore and is linked to the mainland by a slender, gentlycurving causeway."

To cross the causeway, however, you need a reservation at the hotel. Casual visitors are notadmitted, and reservations - even for a meal - require almost as much advance notice as they

do cash.

Even if you don't make it across the causeway, there are great views of the building from theshoreline, including the neighboring Jumeirah Beach hotel and Madinat Jumeirah, which areboth also luxury hotels but physically more accessible.

Books and other web sites

Burj Al Arab's web site is at www.burj-al-arab.com.

The architect's personal web site, with interesting details on the building's design and

construction, is at www.tomwrightdesign.com.

Thanks to galinsky.com.

In preparation for the Dubai Duty Free Mens Open, tennis legend, AndreAgassi and the world No. 1, Roger Federer, couldnt resist the temptation to

have a friendly knock about on the worlds highest tennis court, the helipadof Burj Al Arab, the worlds most luxurious hotel.

Both players are in Dubai to compete in the US$1 million Dubai Duty FreeMens Open, which is the first round of the two-week Dubai TennisChampionships.

Click on the images to enlarge them.


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links

http://www.burj-al-arab.com/

1. âbGuest ServiceBurj Al Arab official site.

2. ^"World's Tallest Hotels", Emporis,2006-06-01. Retrieved on2006-06-21.3. ^"Murray & Roberts", Murray & Roberts,2006-06-21. Retrieved on2006-06-21.

4. ^"Burj Al Arab", Forbes Traveler,2006. Retrieved on2007-01-24.

5. âb"Burj Al Arab", EgyptEng.com engineering directory,2000. Retrieved on2007-01-24.

6. Â mega tourism project to crown Kish by 2010. Flower of the East Project (2006-01-18). Retrieved on2007-09-12.

7. Âbout us. The Centaurus project. Retrieved on2007-10-12.

8. ^"AHN (Southeast Asia's First Seven Star Hotel to Rise in the Philippines)",AHN,2007-10-09. Retrieved on2007-10-09.

9. ^"Designing with Structural Fabrics", Architectural Record,2006-10-01. Retrievedon2007-01-24.

10.^"Tennis on the Burj", Gargles,2006-09-29. Retrieved on2007-01-24.

11.^"World's Top Tennis Stars at Burj Al Arab", Burj Al Arab online. Retrieved on2007-01-24.

12.âbDamluji, Salma Samar, The Architecture of the U.A.E.. Reading, UK: 2006.

13.âbc[The Architecture of the U.A.E..]

14.^http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv_and_radio/story/0,,2122525,00.html
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