Bulletin Issue 23

November 2013

Contents

GNU turns thirty 1Personal fitness and freesoftware

3

GNU 30th anniversaryitems now available

4

How can free softwareprotect us fromsurveillance?

5

Why the FSF mustoppose bulk surveillance

6

A short recap of RMS’srecent adventures

9

Licensing & ComplianceLab update

10

Recognizing aninspiring woman for AdaLovelace Day

10

of GNU30 Years

The new GNU head logo made for the 30th

anniversary.

GNU turns thirtyby Libby Reinish

Campaigns Manager

Thirty years ago, the founding of theGNU System sparked a conversa-

tion that has grown into the global freesoftware movement. On September 27,1983, Richard Stallman announced theplan to develop a free Unix-like op-erating system called GNU, short for“GNU’s not Unix.” GNU is the onlyoperating system developed specifi-cally for the sake of users’ freedom. To-day, the GNU System includes not onlya fully free operating system, but a uni-verse of software that serves a vast ar-ray of functions, from word processingto advanced scientific data manipula-tion, and everything in between.

The GNU System is more than acollection of software components; it’sa philosophy, a social movement. Theideas Richard Stallman later articu-lated in the GNU Manifesto spawnedsome of the most important ideas ofour time: copyleft and free culture.

In September, the FSF held aflagship celebration at MIT in Cam-bridge, MA, the original home of theGNU System before it became a world-wide phenomenon. The event fea-tured a hackathon focused on federatedpublishing and communication soft-ware, and tools to protect privacy andanonymity. Hackathon participantsaccessed the Internet through an ad-

1

hoc mesh network set up by folks fromCommotion Wireless. A cryptopartyhelped participants protect their in-formation online, and an F-Droid tu-torial and skillshare introduced atten-dees to free software for mobile de-vices. Aleph Objects used their Re-spects Your Freedom-certified Lulzbot3D printer to make GNU toppers forour birthday cupcakes, and an eagervolunteer wore the FSF’s gnu suit topose for photos. MIT’s Student In-formation Processing Board hosted theevent for us, and helped us get an an-imated birthday message displayed onthe side of a building.

MIT’s building 54 lit up to celebrate GNU’s

30th anniversary.

Ten free software projects joinedthe hackathon in Cambridge; Com-motion, coreboot, Gnash, GNOME,GNU FM, GNU MediaGoblin, GNUOctave, GNU social, Tahoe-LAFS, andTor, with Guix participating simulta-neously online. One of the most ex-citing outcomes of the hackathon was

the cross-pollination of skills that oc-cured between projects. Tor hackershelped Tahoe-LAFS identify some se-curity issues. Gnash tested a new re-lease on different distributions broughtin by hackathon attendees. Progresswas also made on Debian packagingfor GNU MediaGoblin. Other proj-ects had people stop by to fix bugs,and everyone enjoyed the rare oppor-tunity for in-person conversation be-tween contributors who hail from allover the globe.

Cupcakes being served at the Cambridge an-

niversary celebration.

The weekend culminated with anaddress by GNU founder RichardStallman, in which he announcedthat privacy and security—especiallyagainst government surveillance—arenow one of GNU’s primary priorities.Free software is one of the most ef-fective tools we have to protect our-selves against surveillance, and the ad-dress reflected an ongoing mobiliza-tion in the community to meet thesechallenges. The talk was livestreamedusing entirely free software and wasviewed by hundreds of people, manyof them outside the United States.

Though the Cambridge hackathonwas a roaring success, we’re not donecelebrating yet. An accomplishmentlike turning thirty deserves a whole

2

year of festivities. For the latest onGNU 30th celebrations, or to make adonation to honor three decades of freesoftware, visit gnu.org/gnu30.

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Personal fitness and free

softwareby Joshua Gay

Licensing and

Compliance Manager

The Center for Disease Control es-timates that as of 2010, 79 mil-

lion Americans aged twenty years orolder have prediabetes, a dangerouscondition that greatly increases a per-son’s risk of developing type 2 dia-betes, heart disease, and stroke. As of2010, the CDC estimates that 25.8 mil-lion people—8.3% of the population—currently have diabetes.1

The Diabetes Prevention Program(DPP) was a federally funded studyof more than three thousand peopleat high risk for diabetes. The DPPshowed that a 5—7% reduction inbody weight through diet and exercisecan delay and sometimes prevent type2 diabetes. Building on this study, theCDC’s National Diabetes PreventionProgram recommends the developmentof community-based, group lifestyle in-tervention programs for overweight or

1cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/research.

htm

obese people at high risk of developingtype 2 diabetes.2

Today we live in a world wherepeople seek solutions on their personalcomputers (big and small). Where weeat, where we go, who we collaboratewith, and how we coordinate and com-municate with each other, are stronglyinfluenced by the hardware and soft-ware we use. Therefore, it is no greatleap to speculate that many of the ap-proaches and solutions people come upwith when tackling this growing healthepidemic will involve computers andInternet technologies.

This issue is not simply a theoreti-cal one. Recently, wearable fitness de-vices have grown in popularity, offer-ing the possibility of weight and exer-cise management to those at risk fordiabetes. There are already rapidlygrowing companies, such as Jawboneand Fitbit, that sell hundreds of thou-sands of personal health and fitness de-vices each year. These devices monitorheart rate, temperature, sleep cycles,location, and more. Though this datacould be valuable in addressing the is-sue of diabetes and prediabetes, noneof these devices are designed to respecta user’s freedom. In my research ofthe numerous applications that are de-signed to interact with these devices,I was unable to find a single one thatwas free software.

At this moment, free software ad-vocates simply have no choices when itcomes to wearable computing devices.

This is not cause for despair. Asfree software activists we are powerfulagents for change. Join me in view-ing this explosion of fitness devices andsoftware as an opportunity to explainto people, with whole new examples,

2ibid.

3

the issue of computer user freedom andwhy it matters not just to each individ-ual, but to society at large.

Use this opportunity to find otheractivists that are coming at health careand fitness from other angles and arealso seeking to make a more just andfair world. When you explain what freesoftware is in relation to wearable fit-ness devices, explain that the freedomto share software is the freedom to giveyour neighbor a powerful tool that canhelp them monitor and improve theirpersonal health. The freedom to studya program and to make improvementsto it is the freedom for individuals tolearn and adapt technologies to meettheir unique health care needs. Thefreedom to share those improvementswith their communities and over theglobal Internet is the freedom to usetechnology to diminish the suffering ofhundreds of millions of people and tomake the world a more hospitable andprosperous place for all.

Though the group of metabolic dis-eases we call diabetes is a serious andimportant global health issue, it is justone of many. This new generation ofwearable personal fitness devices is justa tiny fraction of the myriad hardwareproducts and their associated softwaredesigned for medical, personal healthcare, or personal fitness. Just ask thecyborg lawyer and GNOME Founda-tion executive director, Karen Sandler,about the proprietary software sittingon her heart.3

What this means is that it is allthe more important that each of us, asfree software activists, talk to healthcare and fitness professionals about theimportance of computer-user freedom.

3tuxradar.com/content/

karen-sandler-full-interview

Whether you are in the doctor’s officeor just looking for a wearable devicethat can help you shed a few pounds,use this opportunity to discuss issues ofcomputer user freedom and make thecase that free software is essential tocreating a free, healthy, and prosper-ous society.

Free Software Jobs

Looking for employment in

the world of free software?

Visit fsf.org/jobs

GNU 30th anniversary

items now availableby Chrissie Himes

Operations Assistant

In honor of GNU’s 30th anniversarythis past September, GNU Press is

now carrying exclusive GNU 30 travelmugs and GNU logo polo shirts. Theseitems feature the new GNU logo thatwas unveiled at the GNU System’s30th anniversary hackathon in Cam-bridge, MA. To be notified of the lat-est news about the shop, please jointhe GNU Press mailing list.4 If youhave any suggestions for GNU Press,don’t hesitate to add them to our Ideaspage.5

We welcome volunteers to help outwith the GNU Press shop in ourBoston office. The FSF also offersinternships throughout the year insystem administration, licensing, andcampaigns. To learn more about in-terning and view deadlines for up-

4u.fsf.org/gnupresslist5u.fsf.org/ideas

4

Our new travel mug, featuring the new GNU

head logo, available at shop.fsf.org.

coming internship periods visit u.fsf.org/internships.

Even if you are not able to committo an internship, we are always lookingfor volunteers of all skill levels to helpus out with small tasks and larger proj-ects. Volunteer roles include passingout FSF materials at events, updatingthe Free Software Directory, stuffingenvelopes, writing articles about im-portant free software issues, and help-ing to answer questions about free soft-ware licensing. If you’re interested involunteering, check out the volunteerpage at fsf.org/volunteer, send amessage to info@fsf.org, or stop byour office if you can make it to Boston.

Get 10% off!

Visit shop.fsf.org and use

coupon code BulletinNov2013

How can free software

protect us from

surveillance?by Zak Rogoff

Campaigns Manager

We know that the NSA has beentrying for years to compromise

Tor, an Internet anonymity systemthat gives dissidents, whistleblowers,and other activists a fighting chance atevading government surveillance. De-spite the agency’s probing attacks, thecore security of the system has heldstrong, time after time.6 Stories likethis have drawn public interest; mostpeople are uncomfortable with exces-sive government surveillance and manydraw hope from knowing that Torstands between dissidents and the gov-ernment. But do people know that Toris robust to attacks largely because itis free software?

Free software is an important partof an effective resistance to today’srunaway surveillance states, becausefree software users are fundamentallyharder to surveil. The reasons for thisare baked into the four essential free-doms that all free programs guaranteetheir users.

Freedom 1 is the ability to studyhow a program works, and to changeit. This freedom denies surveillanceagencies some of their key strategiesfor snooping. Without the ability toexploit hidden vulnerabilities in pro-grams, they cannot maintain the kindof secret control that they can overproprietary software with unavailablesource code. This is why free soft-ware programs like Tor are the goldstandard in encryption and anonymity,

6theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/

nsa-gchq-attack-tor-network-encryption

5

even among those who are not other-wise concerned with software freedom.

Freedoms 2 and 3 grant the abil-ity to distribute identical and modi-fied copies of a program without lim-itation.7 This defangs another tacticused by agencies like the NSA: strong-arming software companies into writ-ing backdoors in software. This ishardly worth doing to a company orgroup that develops free software, be-cause the community can respond byforking their code and offering a safeversion.

The four freedoms mean that acommunity using free software for ev-eryday computing is much less vulner-able to surveillance than one using pro-prietary software. If we want to makefull use of this advantage, we need tomake using free software the norm. Weneed to focus on making free softwarereplacements for widely used programsjust as easy to use, as accessible, andas well known as their proprietary ver-sions.

While advocating for software free-dom, it’s also important for us to re-member that even if a program is free,we cannot actually modify its sourcecode without access to the computerrunning it. That’s why we need toavoid Service as a Software Substituteand instead do our computing on ourown machines.8

We also need to use decentralizedsystems instead of concentrating manypeople’s data, even for seemingly in-nocuous purposes. High concentra-tions of data create targets that are at-

7Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the pro-

gram for any purpose. Read more about

the four freedoms at gnu.org/philosophy/

free-sw8gnu.org/philosophy/

who-does-that-server-really-serve

tractive to surveillance agents lookingfor the fastest route to large amountsof information. This happened mostrecently with the PRISM program, inwhich the NSA tapped into giant datastores that tech companies were al-ready maintaining about their users.

Runaway surveillance states are acomplex problem and addressing themrequires a multifaceted approach com-bining activism, policy, and technol-ogy. The free software movement of-fers some of the programs and designphilosophies that will help people riseto meet the technical part of this chal-lenge. But we have another thing thatis at least as important to offer soci-ety: our culture of hacking. Taking ahands-on, inquisitive approach to thetechnology we use is the basis of tech-nological freedom, even more than anyparticular program, license, or devel-opment model. As we develop anduse free software, we must also fosterthis attitude amongst our friends andneighbors.

Why the FSF must

oppose bulk surveillanceby John Sullivan

Executive Director

In a letter mailed out to our support-ers around the world this past spring,

I highlighted the need for the FSFto respond to the revelations aboutthe U.S.’s National Security Agency(NSA) spying on the phones and elec-tronic activity of people both insideand outside of the United States.

The FSF sees this bulk surveillanceas a free software issue. These revela-tions are part of what inspired RMSto announce at the GNU 30th an-niversary hackathon and celebration in

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Cambridge, MA, that the GNU Sys-tem would be taking on a new prior-ity to help minimize the harm done tousers as they interact over networks.

Our organization helped pioneer aworldwide free software movement andprovides an umbrella of legal and tech-nical infrastructure for collaborativesoftware development internationally.We advocate for the freedom, privacy,and autonomy of computer users, pri-marily by making sure that the soft-ware running on their computers isfully under their control.

Free “as in freedom” softwareusers choose their software on ethicalgrounds according to these concerns,similar to the way many vegetariansreject meat or labor activists rejectsweatshop clothing. Because free soft-ware is developed collaboratively andoften by grassroots communities, it isa force for social change. Its devel-opers are very aware of what corpo-rate and government interests are be-ing challenged with their software.

The revelation of our phone recordsto the government will result in harass-ment, membership withdrawal, dis-couragement of new members, or otherconsequences that objectively suggestan impact on, or “chilling” of, ourmembers’ rights to associate freely.

Many of our supporters are soft-ware developers working on operatingsystems, such as GNU/Linux, to beused instead of operating systems de-veloped by Microsoft or Apple. Unlikethose proprietary operating systems,all of the code for GNU/Linux is pub-licly available for inspection and mod-ification. A widespread motivation fordeveloping software this way is to makeit very difficult for “backdoors,” suchas those now known to be part of Mi-crosoft Windows, to be introduced by

the government or corporations.Even though their work is legal,

because these developers know thattheir work may complicate governmentsurveillance efforts, they are concernedabout being targeted. A key organiza-tional function of the FSF is to serve asan important point of contact and co-ordination between developers. If wecannot promise the confidentiality ofour communications, this category ofour supporters will think twice beforeassociating with us or with other mem-bers through us.

Other of our software developermembers are working in areas thatare legally controversial. They workon free software to protect anonymityonline, or to circumvent technologicalprotection measures in order to accesscopyrighted works to which they havea legal right, or on encryption soft-ware that, while legal, may be used bycriminals as well. These members areeven more concerned about the privacyof their communications, living in fearthat their work may be misconstruedas illegal.

But, since one of the basic re-quirements of free software is that itssource code be available to its usersand since free software development sooften happens in public in order to fa-cilitate effective and efficient collabo-ration, why do we care if our commu-nications are monitored? As one of ourmembers has told us directly:

“While I do work very openly in my

day to day life in free software, and I

am quite clearly an outspoken advocate

of free software, and the free software

movement, the fact that private com-

munications may be turned over to the

government would result in a sort of

chilling effect.

For instance, I would be reluctant

7

to ask the FSF questions about the legal

status of code with federal regulation,

such as the implications of distribut-

ing cryptographic software under the

GNU GPL, or questions regarding pri-

vacy software, such as Tor, for fear it

may implicate me later, when someone

else misuses such software. It would

place me in an awkward situation, one

where I cannot ask a question about

software without being lumped into a

group which may misuse such software.

If I have misgivings about such things,

as an open and outspoken free software

contributor, I fear what the pseudo-

anonymous contributors to free soft-

ware communities must think.”

This chilling effect extends beyondour members who are software de-velopers, to members who are alsojust free software users and advocates.Many of our members, when theyjoined, have cited our work to sup-port software that respects their pri-vacy and freedom as a primary reasonfor their association. Any revelationthat their communication with us isbeing monitored discredits us as an or-ganization and a movement capable ofprotecting the very interest that moti-vated them to associate with us. Asa concrete example, some of our sup-porters are hesitant to attend the an-nual LibrePlanet conference we host inthe United States, explicitly becauseof surveillance. We are exploring op-tions to host it elsewhere and to en-courage remote participation, but wealso should work against the causes ofthis hesitation.

Finally, this chilling also affects ourcurrent staff and ability to hire newstaff, who accept modest pay rates inorder to do a job they feel can make apositive difference in the world. Know-ing that doing this job puts them in the

crosshairs of government surveillance isa powerful deterrent that threatens tomake working for us just not worth it.Anything that complicates our abilityto attract and retain quality staff di-rectly undercuts our mission of build-ing a strong association of free softwaresupporters.

Since the disclosure of the variousillegal NSA surveillance programs, wehave lost the ability to assure our mem-bers and constituents, as well as allothers who seek to communicate withus, that the fact of their communica-tions to and with us will be kept con-fidential. We were able to make as-surances of confidentiality prior to thedisclosure, but they were illusory.

Moreover, the pattern of distortionand lawless conduct by the NSA, ex-acerbated by the intense secrecy of itsactivities, has left us unable to reas-sure our members and associates thatadditional forms of surveillance, as yetunconfirmed or actively denied by thegovernment, are not also occurring,leaving us with no alternative formsof confidential communication. Thisis extremely damaging for us, becausethe success of our movement dependsconcretely on the ability for dispersedindividuals to collaborate freely andopenly.

Often there is a temptation for theFSF to get involved in social and po-litical causes that are unrelated to freesoftware. We avoid that, because weview free software as a necessary base-line for any kind of computer-using po-litical advocacy to be effective and au-tonomous. We make sure to take onlypositions that are necessary for the freesoftware movement.

Using both policy and technologyto resist the kinds of surveillance thathave been exposed is one of those fun-

8

damental positions. It is necessary totake this position in order to preservethe ability for free software developersand advocates to work safely and ef-fectively, and for us to do our job onbehalf of that movement as an organi-zation. To that end, we have joined theElectronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)in filing a lawsuit against the NSA, wehave announced new development pri-orities within the GNU System, andwe have stepped up our advocacy cam-paigns to show the computer-usingpublic around the world how using freesoftware is an important step towardprotecting their privacy and freedom.

If you are a current or potentialFSF member and are concerned aboutthis issue, I would really like to hearfirsthand about your concern. You canemail me directly at johns@fsf.org.

A short recap of RMS’s

recent adventuresby Jeanne Rasata

Assistant to the President

RMS continued to crisscross theglobe this past semester, visit-

ing over a dozen countries to meetwith free software activists, lobby forcomputer-user rights, and spread theword about ethical computing throughthe almost fifty speeches he gave toboth the initiated and the general pub-lic alike. Starting off in Italy andSpain, RMS then made his way fromCancun, Mexico, in late May, to PortoAlegre, Brazil, in early July, and thenon to Belgium and the United King-dom, speaking at universities and freesoftware conferences, and meeting withelected officials.

In August, he was inducted into the

RMS’s Internet Hall of Fame medal.

Internet Hall of Fame in recognition forhis work as an innovator, and duringhis brief acceptance speech, RMS ap-pealed to the audience to “fight hard”for network neutrality and an Inter-net that is “something good for humanfreedom—instead of the final curtaincall for human freedom.” While he wasin South Africa, he kickstarted Johan-nesburg’s Software Freedom Day cele-bration, and spoke in four other cities.In September, he marked the 30th an-niversary of the GNU System in bothFrance, at an event organized by April,and at the FSF-sponsored celebrationin Cambridge, MA. For the rest of theyear, he has plans to be in California,the United Kingdom, and Spain.

9

Licensing & Compliance

Lab updateby Donald Robertson, III

Copyright and Licensing

Associate

It’s that time of year again when weupdate everyone on the work that

we’ve been doing at the FSF Licenseand Compliance Lab.

Compliance investigationsand backlog reduction

We’ve made great strides in reducingour backlog of reports, handling overtwo hundred reports of violations onGNU software. We resolved severalopen cases, helping to bring compa-nies and individuals into compliance.We also opened many more cases, andcurrently have more than one hundredopen investigations. With our backlogof reports almost entirely gone, we arebetter able to respond to new reports,as well as move open compliance casesthrough to completion.

Copyright assignmentprocess updated

We were happy to announce a newway for U.S. contributors to makeassignment on FSF-copyrighted pack-ages: GPG signatures. Instead of hav-ing to send a form via the post, ortrack down a scanner, U.S. contribu-tors can now sign their assignments us-ing GPG. With growing concerns overprivacy and security, encouraging theuse of cryptographic tools is now moreimportant than ever. Being able tosign assignments with GPG also makesthe process much easier for contribu-tors.

LibreWRT added as an en-dorsed distribution

In June we announced the latest addi-tion to our list of fully free GNU/LinuxSystems, LibreWRT. LibreWRT is fordevices with limited capabilities, suchas wireless routers, and is the firstsmall system added to our endorseddistribution list.9

Team explosion!

We’ve added several new volunteers toour licensing volunteer squad, as wellas taking on two new interns for thefall internship program. With the ex-panded team we’re hoping to tacklesome larger projects in the comingmonths, including a licensing guide-book, updated FAQs, and better toolsfor helping people select a free license.

Recognizing an

inspiring woman for Ada

Lovelace Dayby Kyra

Campaigns Organizer

October 15, 2013, was Ada LovelaceDay, a day for highlighting women

making great contributions to science,technology, engineering, and mathe-matics. This is a holiday of particularimportance to the free software move-ment, to remind us that there are pow-erful social biases which permeate ourmovement, sexism and transmisogynybeing just two of these.

Ada Lovelace Day gives us an op-portunity to recognize contributors inour movement and show them the ap-preciation they deserve. A personal in-

9gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html

10

spiration I want to write about is Au-drey Tang, an astonishingly impressiveTaiwanese free software hacker.10

Tang most famously started andran the Pugs project, a Haskell im-plementation of the Perl 6 language,which grew into a large joint effortbetween the Haskell and Perl com-munities. Tang also served on theHaskell’ (pronounced “Haskell Prime”)2010 committee, working to shape thelanguage standard.11 Importantly, shehas contributed to many localizationefforts for both free software proj-ects and led many Traditional Chinesetranslation efforts for various books.

At age twelve, she began learn-ing Perl and has initiated an astound-ing number projects since then. Shedropped out of high school at fifteen,and by nineteen she had held positionsin multiple software companies. She isalso a vocal proponent of anarchism,as well as an autodidact (self-directedlearner).

In addition to the Pugs project,Tang started the popular Perl ArchiveToolkit (PAR), a cross-platform pack-aging and deployment tool for Perl 5.PAR is just one of over a hundred Perlprojects she initiated on CPAN, be-coming one of the first to make thatincredible achievement. More recentlyshe created EtherCalc, the popularcollaborative spreadsheet web applica-tion parallel to EtherPad.12 She hasalso been involved in politics, workingwith g0v.tw on using free software tobuild accountable and transparent in-frastructure for public participation.13

On a more literary front, she workedto build a popular web and mobile dic-

10pugs.blogs.com/about.html11ghc.haskell.org/trac/haskell-prime12ethercalc.net13g0v.tw/manifesto.html#en

tionary application for Chinese edu-cation that combines Mandarin, Tai-wanese Holok, and Hakka with En-glish, French, and German.14

As such a brilliant hacker, it’s nowonder that in 2006 she was describedby ETtoday as one of the “ten greatsof Taiwanese computing.” RecognizingTang and other women in our globalcommunity gives people who can iden-tify with her the ability to see theirown potential for contributing to freesoftware.

It’s important to consider the val-ues, ideologies, and behaviors that con-tribute to the exclusion of marginalizedgroups in our community. The Libre-Planet Women’s Caucus was startedin September 2010 to address issuesof gender in the free software move-ment.15 Women of color may also jointhe Empowermentors Collective to ad-dress white racism and other intersec-tional forms of oppression in relationto free culture and free software.16

We are honored to have supporterslike Audrey Tang and so many otherwomen in the free software movement.We hope you’ll take the time to rec-ognize the women who inspire you aswell.

14moedict.tw15libreplanet.org/wiki/WC16empowermentors.org

11

Visit u.fsf.org/internships to apply.

Copyright c©2013 Free Software

Foundation, Inc.

The articles in this bulletin are indi-vidually licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution No Deriva-

tive Works 3.0 United States Li-

cense. To view a copy of this license,visit http://creativecommons.org/

licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/ or send aletter to Creative Commons, 171 Sec-ond Street, Suite 300, San Francisco,California, 94105, USA.

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Published twice yearly by the FreeSoftware Foundation, 51 Franklin Street,5th Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,(617) 542-5942, info@fsf.org, www.

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