Bulletin 1 - KGOU · 2020. 9. 4. · Ganga Prasad Circulation Manager Brijesh C. Printed & Published by K. Vimalan President Kerala Gazetted Officers’ Union KGOU Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram

1KGOU Bulletin

2 KGOU Bulletin

3KGOU Bulletin

B-a-p-J-w

h-f-s-c k-t-´-m-j-t-¯-m-s-S-b-m-W-v t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b-s-â a-m-K-k-n³ ]-p-\-c-m-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-¨-p {-]-I-m-i-\-w s-N-¿-p-¶-X-v. C-X-p \-½-p-s-S I-q-«-m-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\ a-n-I-h-n-s-â k-m-£-m-X-v-I-m-c-a-m-I-p-¶-p. k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S h-n-h-n-[ X-«-n-e-p-Å {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä A-w-K-§Ä A-d-n-b-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w A-w-K-§-f-p-s-S kÀ-K-m-ß-I I-g-n-h-p-IÄ ]-c-n-t-]-m-j-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w k-a-I-m-e-n-I h-n-j-b-§-f-nÂ A-d-n-h-v t-\-S-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w, kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â {-]-[-m-\ D-¯-c-h-p-I-f-nÂ A-h-t-_-m-[-w k-r-ã-n-¡-m-\-p-w Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v C-u a-m-K-k-n³ k-l-m-b-I-a-m-I-p-w F-¶-v h-n-i-z-k-n-¡-p-¶-p.

H-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n-e-q-s-S-b-m-W-v C-u hÀ-¯-a-m-\ I-m-e-¯-v t-e-m-I-w I-S-¶-p t-]-m-b-n-s-¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. t-I-m-h-n-U-v 19 F-¶ a-l-m-a-m-c-n t-e-m-I-¯-p-Å F-Ã-m t-a-J-e-I-t-f-b-p-w {-]-X-n-I-q-e-a-m-b-n _-m-[-n-¨p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. \-m-f-s-¯ N-c-n-{-X-¯-n-s-â `-m-K-a-m-I-p-¶ hÀ-¯-a-m-\ I-m-e-¯-m-W-v \-m-w P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-u a-l-m-a-m-c-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w I-c-I-b-ä-p-¶-X-n-\-v IT-n-\-m-²-z-m-\-w s-N-¿-p-¶-X-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w {-]-[-m-\-s-¸-« h-n-`-m-K-w kÀ-¡-m³ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-m-W-v. k-z-´-w P-o-h-\-p X-s-¶ ̀ -o-j-W-n t-\-c-n-«-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v h-n-h-n-[ t-a-J-e-I-f-nÂ kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â \-nÀ-t-Z-i-w DÄ-s-¡-m-ï-p-s-I-m-ï-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. k-m-a-q-l-n-I {-]-X-n-_-²-X-t-b-m-s-S P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S B-ß-mÀ-°-a-m-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\ ^-e-a-m-b-n-«-m-W-v \-½-p-s-S k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-v t-I-m-h-U-v 19þs-â h-y-m-]-\-w H-c-f-h-p-h-s-c \-n-b-{-´-n-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-X-v.

C-S-X-p-]-£ kÀ-¡-mÀ A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-nÂh-¶-p \-m-e-phÀ-j-w ]-n-¶-n-S-p-t-¼-mÄ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S B-\-p-I-q-e-y-§Ä H-s¶m-¶-m-b-n C-Ã-m-X-m-b-n s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S c-ï-p a-m-k-s-¯ i-¼-f-w ]-n-S-n-s-¨-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w H-c-p a-m-k-s-¯ e-o-h-v k-d-ïÀ a-c-h-n-¸-n-¨-X-p-wh-g-n a-q-¶-v a-m-k-s-¯ i-¼-f-w \-n-t-j-[-n-¨-p-, c-ï-p hÀ-j-a-m-b-n U-n F C-Ã-, A-©-v hÀ-j-w I-q-S-p-t-¼-m-g-p-Å i-¼f ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w A-«-n-a-d-n-¨-p-, `h\ hm-bv-]m- ]²-Xn CÃm-Xmbn, B-t-c-m-K-y C³-j-p-d³-k-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S k-z-]-v-\-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n C-§-s-\ t-]-m-I-p-¶-p P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S s-]-m-X-p-h-m-b \-ã-§Ä. C-X-n-\-p-]-c-n a-m-\-Z-Þ-§Ä I-m-ä-nÂ ]-d-¯-n H-c-p h-n-`-m-K-w P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c Ø-e-w a-m-ä-p-¶-X-pI-m-c-W-w A-hÀ \-o-X-n-b-v-¡-p t-h-ï-n t-I-m-S-X-n-b-nÂ I-b-d-n C-d-t-§-ï [-\ s-N-e-h-p-w I-ã-¸-m-S-p-w. P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S \-y-m-b-a-m-b A-h-I-m-i-§Ä t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¯-h k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w F-¶-p-w a-p-¶-nÂ \-n-¶-v {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-b-m-W-v t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³. G-X-p {-]-X-n-k-Ô-n L-«-§-f-n-e-p-w P-\-§fpsS X-m-§-p-w X-W-e-p-a-m-b-n \-n-e-\-n-¶p {]hÀ-¯n-¡p¶ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S P-o-h-n-X-w H-t-c-m \-m-f-p-IÄ I-g-n-b-p-w t-X-m-d-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ Z-p-j-v-I-c-a-m-¡-p-¶ A-h-Ø-b-m-W-v C-S-X-v kÀ-¡-m-d-n-s-â \-m-e-p hÀ-j-s-¯ ̀ -c-W-w s-I-m-ï-v k-w-P-m-X-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ C-¶-v t-\-c-n-S-p-¶ I-ã-¸-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w I-c-I-b-ä-p-¶-X-n-\-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c h-n-i-z-m-k-¯-nÂ F-S-p-¯-p `-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶ kÀ-¡-m-d-n-s-â h-c-h-n-\-m-b-n i-à-a-m-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\-h-p-a-m-b-n a-p-t-¶-m-«-v t-]-m-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v F-Ã-m-h-s-c-b-p-w C-u A-h-k-c-¯-nÂ B-lz-m-\-w s-N-¿-p-¶-p.

H-c-p C-S-t-h-f-b-v-¡-p t-i-j-w {-]-I-m-i-\-w s-N-¿-p-¶ \-½-p-s-S a-m-K-k-n³ X-p-SÀ-¶-p-w {-]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-s-S-b-p-w k-l-I-c-W-w D-ï-m-I-W-s-a-¶-v A-`-yÀ-°-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-u a-m-K-k-n³ b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p t-h-ï-n IT-n-\-m-[-z-m-\-w s-N-b-v-X F-Ã-m-h-s-c-b-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\ I-½-n-ä-n-b-p-s-S t-]-c-nÂ R-m³ {-]-t-X-y-I-a-m-b-n A-`-n-\-µ-n-¡-p-¶-p.

sI. hn-ae³k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-Uâ-v

Chief EditorK. Vimalan

Managing EditorDr. Manoj Johnson

EditorDr. Babu Varghese

MembersV.M. SreekanthV.M ShineBeena PoovathilDr. R. RajeshGanga Prasad

Circulation ManagerBrijesh C.

Printed & Published byK. VimalanPresidentKerala Gazetted Officers’ UnionKGOU Bhavan,ThiruvananthapuramEmail: [email protected]

Layout : yasirdezignIllustration: Gireesh MoozhippadamPrinted at: Speed offset printers Areekode

2020 JulyVol 1 - Issue 1For Private Circulation Only

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4 KGOU Bulletin

H-m-t-c-m c-N-\-I-f-p-w \-m-w P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶ I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-t-e-¡-p-Å I-q-«-n-t-¨À-¡-e-p-I-f-p-w \-½-p-s-S {-]-hÀ-¯-\ t-a-J-e-I-f-n-s-e A-S-b-m-f-s-¸-S-p-¯-e-p-I-f-p-am-W-v. h-n-h-n-[ t-k-h-\-t-a-J-e-I-f-nÂ s-]-m-X-p k-a-q-l-¯-n-s-â D-¯-a-X-m-e-v-]-c-y-w k-w-c-£-n-¡-m³ F-¶-p-w a-p-¶-nÂ \-nÂ-t-¡-ï-h-c-m-W-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ. k-w-{-`-m-´-n-b-p-s-S-b-p-w P-m-{-K-X-b-p-s-S-b-p-w A-X-n-P-o-h-\-¯-n-t-â-b-p-w \-m-f-p-I-f-n-e-p-w kÀ-K-m-ß-I-t-_-m-[-¯-n-e-p-w k-w-L t-_-m-[-¯-n-e-p-w a-p-t-¶-d-m³ \-a-p-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-p F-¶-X-n-\-v s-X-f-n-h-m-W-v C-X-n-s-e c-N-\-IÄ. ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e-L-«-s-¯ N-p-h-S-p-d-t-¸-m-s-S k-a-o-]-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v \-½Ä. hÀ-¯-a-m-\-I-m-e-¯-n-s-â {-]-t-l-f-n-I-I-f-p-w k-¦-oÀ-® k-a-k-y-I-f-p-w G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ X-o-{-h-a-m-b-p-w h-y-à-a-m-b-p-w A-\-p-`-h-t-h-Z-y-a-m-h-p-I A-h-I-m-i k-w-c-£-W-¯-n-s-â ]-£-¯-p-\-n-¶-v {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-t-¼-m-g-m-W-v. P-\-a-\-Ê-p-I-f-nÂ\-n-¶-p-w Ø-m-\-w \-ã-a-m-b-n F-¶-d-n-ª-n-«-p-w B b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-m-s-X A-l-¦-m-c-¯-n-s-â I-n-c-o-S-h-p-w [-c-n-¨-v \-o-§-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v ]-p-X-n-b X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-p-I-f-nt-e-¡-p-Å ]-m-X H-c-p-§-p-I-b-m-W-v. t-aÂ-h-n-e-m-k-§Ä C-¡-q-«À-¡-v \-ã-s-¸-S-p-¶ I-m-e-w h-n-Z-q-c-a-Ã F-¶-d-n-b-p-I.

A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-e-p-I-ÄsImïpw {-]-X-n-t-e-m-a{-]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-p-ws-I-m-ïpw X-fÀ-¯-m-\-m-h-p-¶-X-Ã P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y t-_-m-[-a-p-Å P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S k-w-L-i-à-n. s-X-m-g-n-e-n-s-\ t-I-h-e-w D-]-P-o-h-\-a-m-b-n a-m-{-X-w I-m-W-m-¯-, l-r-Z-b-w-s-I-m-ï-v k-v-t-\-l-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶ H-c-p h-n-`-m-K-w C-¶-p-w t-I-c-f k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-v t-a-J-e-b-nÂ k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n D-s-ï-¶ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-m-W-v F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w t-h-ï-X-v. {-]-f-b-w I-hÀ-s-¶-S-p-¯-t-¸-m-g-p-w a-l-m-a-m-c-n ]-c-n-{-`-a-w ]-SÀ-¯-n-b-t-¸-m-g-p-w A-X-n-P-o-h-\-¯-n-s-â k-v-t-\-l-{-]-h-m-la-m-b-n a-m-d-m³ \-a-p-¡-m-b-X-v \-·-b-p-s-S]-£-¯-v \-n-e-b-p-d-¸-n-¨X-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v. ]-c-k-v-]-c-w I-c-w ]-n-S-n-¡-m³ \-a-p-¡-v I-g-n-ª-X-v k-v-t-\-lk-w-k--v-I-m-c-¯-n-s-â-, \-n-k-z-mÀ-Yt-k-h-\-¯-n-s-â \-nÀ-½-n-X-n-b-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-m³ B-b-X-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v. k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-v cwKs-¯ h-cÄ-¨-b-p-s-S C-u I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-e-p-w ]-q-¯-p-e-ª-p-\-nÂ-¡-m³ \-a-p-¡-mh-p-¶-X-v G-X-p {-]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-n-e-p-w ]-n-S-n-¨-p-\-nÂ-¡-m-\-p-Å B-ß-_-e-w \-a-p-¡-p-Å-X-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v.

P-\-]-£-¯-p \-n-¶-p-w k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-n-s-\ t-\-m-¡-n-¡-m-W-p-I-b-p-w G-ä-h-p-w a-n-I-¨ t-k-h-\-w s-]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-s-S I-q-«-m-b-v-a-b-m-W-v t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³. `-c-W-]-£ X-m-e-v-]-c-y-§Ä-¡-v A-\-p-k-c-W-a-m-b-n k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-n-s-\ D-]-t-b-m-K-s-¸-S-p-¯-m³ {-i-a-n-¡-p-t-¼-mÄ D-ï-m-I-p-¶ A-]-N-b-w C-¶-v ]-IÂ t-]-m-s-e h-y-à-a-m-W-v. C-X-n-s-\-X-n-s-c i-à-a-m-b-n \-o-§-m³ \-a-p-¡-m-h-p-w F-¶-p-d-¸-p-ï-v. k-w-Ø-m-\ k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-v t-a-J-e-s-b \-h-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w k-n-h-nÂ kÀ-h-o-k-vt-a-J-e-b-nÂ \-S-a-m-S-p-¶ A-]-N-b-§Ä-s-¡-X-n-s-c i-Ð-a-p-bÀ-¯-m-\-p-w D-uÀ-Ö-w ]-I-c-p-¶-X-m-h-s-« C-u k-w-c-w-`-w. C-u ]-{-X-n-I-b-n-s-e H-m-t-c-m h-c-n-I-f-p-w t-I-c-f-¯-n-s-â h-n-I-k-\ k-z-]-v-\-§Ä s-\-b-v-s-X-S-p-¡-p-¶ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-s-â B-i-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w B-i-¦-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w cq]w-sIm-ï-XmWv.

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5KGOU Bulletin

6 KGOU Bulletin

7KGOU Bulletin

P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y a-t-X-X-c h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S k-w-L-S-\-b-m-W-v t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³ (KGOU). P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S A-h-I-m-i-§Ä t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¯-h k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w t-h-ï-n F-¶-p-w a-p³ \-n-c-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-b-m-W-v KGOU. C-u k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S B-h-nÀ-`-m-h-w t-e-m-I-m-c-m-[-y-b-m-b C-µ-n-c-m {-]-n-b-ZÀ-i-n-\-n-b-p-s-S c-à-k-m-£-n-X-z-s-¯ X-p-SÀ-¶-m-W-v. \-½-p-s-S c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â {-]-[-m-\-a-{-´-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ {-i-o-a-X-n C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n X-s-â H-m-s-c-m X-p-Å-n c-à-h-p-w c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â s-F-I-y-¯-n-\-p-w A-J-Þ-X-b-¡-p-w A-`-n-h-r-²-n-b-v-¡-p-w t-h-ï-n k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-v ]-d-ª-p `-p-h-t-\-i-z-d-nÂ \-S-¯-n-b {-]-k-w-K-w C-¶-v C-´-y³ N-c-n-{-X-¯-n-s-â `-m-K-a-m-W-v. I-m-c-W-w A-X-p C-µ-n-c-m-P-n-b-q-s-S A-h-k-m-\-s-¯ {-]-k-w-K-w B-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-v C-´-y³ P-\-X H-c-n-¡-e-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-n-¨-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ B {-]-k-w-K-w A-\-zÀ-°-a-m-¡-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-S-p-¯ Z-n-h-k-w (31/10/1984, 9.29AM) a-X X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-w k-z-´-w a-\-Ê-nÂ k-q-£-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ A-w-K-c-£-I-c-p-s-S s-h-S-n-t-b-ä-v Z-m-c-p-W-a-m-b A-´-y-w t-e-m-I-m-c-m-[-y-b-m-b \-½-p-s-S c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â D-c-p-¡-v h-\-n-X F-¶ h-n-t-i-j-W-¯-nÂ A-d-n-b-s-¸-«-n-c-p-¶ {-]-[-m-\-a-{-´-n {-i-o-a-X-n C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n-¡-p k-w-`-h-n-¨-X-v. B k-w-`-h-w c-m-P-y-k-v-t-\-l-n-I-f-m-b H-m-t-c-m C-´-y-¡-m-c-s-\-b-p-w Z-p-x-J-¯-n-e-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w t-e-m-Ic-m-P-y-§Ä \-½-p-s-S c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â Z-p-x-J-¯-nÂ ]-¦-p-t-N-

c-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p.

C-u Z-p-x-J-I-c-a-m-b k-w-`-h-¯-n-\-p t-i-j-w t-I-c-f-¯-nÂ K-k-ä-U-v t-a-J-e-b-n-e-p-Å H-t-c-s-b-m-c-p k-w-L-S-\-b-m-b t-I-c-f- K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j-s-â k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-w 1985 G-{-]-nÂ a-m-k-w s-I-m-Ã-w P-n-Ã-b-nÂ \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-s-a-S-p-¯-p. k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-\-v a-p-t-¶-m-S-n-b-m-b-n P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-§Ä \-S-¶-p s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ I-m-e-w. 1985 s-^-{-_-p-h-c-n a-m-k-w B-e-¸-p-g-b-nÂ \-S-¶ P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ H-c-p I-q-«-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-mÀ C-´-y³ {-]-[-m-\-a-{-´-n {-i-o-a-X-n C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n-b-p-s-S Z-m-c-p-W-a-m-b A-´-y-¯-nÂ H-c-p A-\-p-t-i-m-N-\ {-]-t-a-b-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-W-s-a-¶-v P-n-Ã-m t-\-X-r-X-z-t-¯-m-S-v B-h-i-y-s-¸-«-p. F-¶-mÂ h-n-`-m-K-n-I N-n-´-mK-X-n-¡-m-c-m-b A-¶-s-¯ P-n-Ã-m t-\-X-r-X-z-w A-\-p-a-X-n \-n-t-j-[-n-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-u \-S-]-S-n XpSÀ¶v A-¶-v P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯ c-m-P-yk-v-t-\-l-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-mÀ {-]-X-n-t-j-[ k-z-c-h-p-a-m-b-n a-p-t-¶-m-«-v h-c-p-I-b-p-w P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-w a-p-t-¶-m-«-v s-I-m-ï-v t-]-m-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v X-S-k-w B-I-p-I-b-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-v k-t-½-f-\-w `-w-K-n-b-m-b-n ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯ k-m-l-N-c-y-h-p-w D-ï-m-b-n. X-p-SÀ-¶-v \-S-¶ NÀ-¨-b-nÂ k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«-nÂ t-e-m-I t-\-X-m-h-n-s-â Z-m-c-p-W-a-m-b A-´-y-¯-nÂ A-\-p-t-i-m-N-\-w t-c-J-s-¸-S-p-¯-m-w F-¶ [-m-c-W-b-nÂ

N-c-n-{-X-w C-X-p-h-s-c...

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8 KGOU Bulletin

s-I. h-n-a-e³ k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-Uâ-v

F-¯-n. C-u X-o-c-p-a-m-\-t-¯-m-s-S-b-m-W-v A-¶-v P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-w k-a-m-]-n-¨-X-v.

1985 G-{-]-nÂ a-m-k-w s-I-m-Ã-¯-v {-i-o. kn. t-I-i-h³ s-a-t-½-m-d-n-bÂ l-m-f-nÂ A-¶-s-¯ t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j-s-â k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-\-v X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-n-¨-p. B-Z-y-Z-n-\-w k-w-Ø-m-\ I-u¬-k-nÂ t-b-m-K-t-¯-m-s-S k-t-½-f-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¨-p. C-u I-u¬-k-nÂ t-b-m-K-¯-n-e-m-W-v k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S h-mÀ-j-n-I d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«-v A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-u h-mÀ-j-n-I d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«--p-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-m-s-c h-o-ï-p-w \-n-c-m-i-s-¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-W-v X-¿-m-d-m-¡-n-b-X-v F-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n H-c-p ]-ä-w I-u¬-k-nÂ A-w-K-§Ä t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-n-«-p-\-n-¶-p. C-h-n-s-S-b-p-w h-n-`-m-K-o-b N-n-´-m-K-X-n ]-p-eÀ-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-s-â a-t-\-m-`-m-h-w t-e-m-I-m-c-m-[-y-b-m-b C-µ-n-c-m-P-n-s-b \-n-µ-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. B-e-¸-p-g P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-d-ª I-m-c-y-w h-n-k-v-a-c-n-¨-p s-I-m-ï-v k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\ h-mÀ-j-n-I d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«-nÂ C-µ-n-c-m {-]-n-b-ZÀ-i-n-\-n-b-p-s-S c-à-k-m-£-n-X-z-¯-nÂ A-\-p-t-i-m-N-\-w t-c-J-s-¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ H-c-p h-c-n F-g-p-X-n t-NÀ-¡-m³ s-s-h-a-p-J-y-w I-m-W-n-¨ A-¶-s-¯ KGOA b-n-s-e k-w-Ø-m-\ t-\-X-m-¡Ä-¡-v N-c-n-{-X-w a-m-¸-v s-I-m-S-p-¡-n-Ã. {-i-o-a-X-n C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n F-¶ D-c-p-¡-v h-\-n-X t-e-m-I-w B-c-m-[-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ ̀ -c-W IÀ-¯-m-h-v F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-p-w C-´-y-b-p-s-S k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-fÀ-¨-b-v-¡-v A-S-n-¯-d ]-m-I-n-b `-c-W IÀ-¯-m-h-v-, c-m-P-y-¯-v `-£-y-k-p-c-£ D-d-¸-m-¡-n Z-m-c-n-{-Z-y-w C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-m³ I-mÀ-j-n-I h-n-¹-h-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b `-c-W IÀ-¯-m-h-v F-¶-\-n-e-b-n-e-p-w c-m-P-y-w C-¶-p-w h-f-s-c B-Z-c-t-h-m-s-S I-m-W-p-¶ alXv hyàn-bmWv. B c-m-P-yk-v-t-\-l-n-t-b-m-S-p F-§-s-\ A-¶-s-¯ KGOA t-\-X-r-X-z-w A-\-m-Z-c-h-v I-m-W-n-¨-p F-¶ t-N-m-Z-y-w C-¶-p-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S a-p-¼-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â c-ï-m-w Z-n-h-k-w D-Z-v-L-m-S-\ k-t-½-f-\-h-p-w {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n k-t-½-f-\-h-p-w I-g-n-ª-X-n-\-p t-i-j-w H-c-p {-]-t-a-b-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p t-h-ï-n P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-s-S {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-b-m-b-n {-i-o A-a-oÀ P-m³ t-h-Z-n-b-nÂ I-b-d-p-I-b-p-w t-e-m-I-m-c-m-[y t-\-X-m-h-v C-µ-n-c-m {-]-n-b-ZÀ-i-n-\-n-b-p-s-S t-hÀ-]-m-S-nÂ k-w-L-S-\ A-\-p-t-i-m-N-\-w t-c-J-s-¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ {-]-ta-b-a-m-W-v C-X-v F-¶-v ]d-ª-ps-I-m-ï-v {-]-t-a-b-w h-m-b-n-¨-p X-p-S-§-n. {-]-t-a-b A-h-X-c-W-s-¯ X-S-

Ês-¸-S-p-¯-n s-I-m-ï-v t-b-m-K-w \nb{´n-¨ k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-Uâ-vX-s-¶ a-p-t-¶-m-«-v h-c-p-I-b-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-v c-ï-v t-N-c-n-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v h-m-¡-pXÀ-¡-w D-ï-m-h-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v k-t-½-f-\-w k-w-LÀ-j-¯-nÂ F-¯-p-¶ Ø-n-X-n-b-m-b-n. C-u A-h-k-c-¯-nÂ k-w-LÀ-j-¯-n-\-p \-nÂ-¡-m-s-X C-µ-n-c-m{-]-n-b-ZÀ-i-n-\-n-t-b-m-S-p A-\-m-Z-c-h-v I-m-W-n-¨ KGOA k-w-Ø-m-\ t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-s-â [-n-¡-m-c \-S-]-S-n-b-nÂ {-]-X-n-t-j-[-n-¨-v H-c-p I-q-«-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-mÀ {-i-o s-I ]-n c-m-[-m-I-r-j-v-W³-, {-i-o F³ t-K-m-]-n-\-m-Y³ ]-n-Å-, {-i-o U-n N-n-Z-w-_-c³-, {-i-o F-k-v P-t-d-m-w-, {-i-o h-n s-I t-I-i-h³ \-m-bÀ-, {-i-o A-a-oÀ P-m³-, {-i-o F-w h-n I-p-c-y³-, {-i-o XÀ-aÂ \-m-c-m-b-W³-, {-i-o i-y-m-a-p-hÂ-, {-i-o s-a-m-b-v-X-o³ l-m-P-n-, {-i-o I-a-e-m-[-c ]-n-Å F-¶-n-h-c-p-s-S t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w C-d-§-n-t-¸-m-I-p-I-b-p-w `-m-h-n ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ B-k-q-{-X-W-w s-N-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v s-I-m-Ã-w PWD d-Ì-v l-u-k-nÂ t-b-m-K-w I-q-S-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S H-c-p X-m-e-v-]-c-y-h-p-w k-w-c-£-n-¡-m-s-X H-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I c-m-{-ã-o-b ]-mÀ-«-n-b-p-s-S \-n-d-w k-w-L-S-\-b-nÂ s-I-m-ï-p-h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p k-w-Ø-m-\ t-\-X-r-X-z-w \-n-c-´-c-w {-i-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-p-w C-§-s-\-b-p-Å t-\-X-r-X-z-t-¯ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¨-p C-\-n-b-p-w a-p-t-¶-m-«-v t-]-m-I-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã F-¶pw t-b-m-K-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-n. ̀ -m-h-n ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ B-k-q-{-X-W-w s-N-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v KGOA

tI-c-f K-k-ä-Uv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv bq-Wn-b³ an-I-hmÀ-¶ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS C-S-bnÂ Im-gv-N sh-¨p-sIm@v 35 hÀ-jw ]qÀ-¯n-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Nn-«-bm-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-eq-sS P-\m-[n-]-Xy hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS kw-L-S\I-fnÂ C¶v G-ä-hpw A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv sI Pn H bp. kw-Øm-\ I-½n-än, Pn-Ãm I-½n-än-IÄ, Xm-eq-¡v/{_m-©v I-½n-än-IÄ F-¶n kw-hn-[m-\w kw-L-S-\-sb Iq-Sp-XÂ I-cp-¯p-ä-Xm-¡p-¶p.

9KGOU Bulletin

b-p-s-S {-]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-nÂ A-X-r-]-v-X-c-m-b P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b t-\-X-m-¡-f-p-s-S H-c-p t-b-m-K-w F-d-W-m-I-p-f-¯-v s-h-¨-v I-q-S-p-¶-X-n-\-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w F-S-p-¯-p s-I-m-ï-m-W-v c-m-{-ã-o-b t-e-_-e-nÂ KGOA s-I-m-Ã-¯-v \-S-¶ k-t-½-f-\-t-¯-m-S-p h-n-S ]-d-ª-p s-I-m-ï-v C-\-n ]-p-X-n-b k-w-L-S-\ F-¶ Z-r-V-\-n-Ý-b-t-¯-m-s-S A-h-n-s-S \-n-¶-p-w b-m-{-X-b-m-b-X-v....

P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m- b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-m-s-c \-n-c-´-c-w h-©-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-h-t-l-f-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X KGOA b-v-¡-p _-Z-e-m-b-n H-c-p k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v P-n-Ã-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w F-¯-n-t-¨À-¶ {-]-[-m-\ t-\-X-m-¡-f-p-s-S t-b-m-K-w F-d-W-m-I-p-f-¯-v s-h-¨-v a-p³ \-n-Ý-b-n-¨ {-]-I-m-c-w \-S-¯-n. C-u t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ 13 t-\-X-m-¡Ä ]-s-¦-S-p-¯-p. C-u t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯-p s-I-m-ï-v ]-p-X-n-b k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-mÀ-K \-nÀ-t-Z-i-§Ä \Â-I-n-b A-¶-s-¯ F³ P-n H A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j-s-â k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-Uâ-v {-i-o I-c-p-W-m-I-c³ ]-n-Å k-m-d-n-s-\ C-u k-w-L-S-\-b-v-¡-v H-c-n-¡-e-p-w a-d-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã. k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-I-c-W-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-«-p I-q-S-n-b t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ \-S-¶ NÀ-¨-b-nÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-m-s-c H-c-p I-p-S-¡-o-g-nÂ s-I-m-ï-p-h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-v {-i-o s-I ]-n c-m-[-m-I-r-j-v-W-s-â t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ H-c-p t-^-m-d-w c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p {-]-hÀ-¯-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¡-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p. {-i-o s-I ]-n c-m-[-m-I-r-j-v-W³ F³ P-n H A-t-k-m-k-n-t-b-j-s-â a-p³ k-w-Ø-m-\ {-S-j-d-d-p-w s-k-b-nÂ-k-v S-m-I--v-k-v h-I-p-¸-n-s-e Câ-e-n-P³-k-v H-m-^-o-k-d-p-w B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w C-u t-^-m-d-¯-n-s-â {-]-hÀ-¯-\-w h-n-]-p-e-s-¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p P-n-Ã-m I¬-h-o-\À a-m-s-c-b-p-w t-b-m-K-¯-nÂ s-X-c-s-ª-S-p-¯-p.

t-I-c-f-¯-nÂ K-k-ä-U-v t-a-J-e-b-nÂ ]-p-X-n-b k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å {-]-hÀ-¯-\-w K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v t-^-m-d-¯-n-s-â B-`-n-a-p-J-y-¯-nÂ F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w i-à-a-m-b {-]-N-m-c-W ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-I-t-f-m-s-S B-c-w-`-n-¨-p. C-u {-]-hÀ-¯-\¯nÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-m-c-p-s-S G-I-o-I-c-W-w F-Ã-m

P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w {-]-I-S-a-m-b-n I-ï-p. C-X-p k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v A-\-p-I-q-e L-S-I-a-m-W-v F-¶-v t-\-X-m-¡Ä h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w ]-p-X-n-b k-w-L-S-\ Ø-m-]-n-¨-p s-I-m-ï-v Ø-m-]-I Z-n-\ k-t-½-f-\-w \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å X-o-c-p-a-m-\-¯-nÂ F-¯-nt-¨-c-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-Xp.

1985-, P-q-s-s-e 12þmw X-o-b-X-n k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-cWhp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸«v Ø-m-]-IZ-n-\ k-t-½-f-\-w F-d-W-m-I-p-f-¯-v {-_-t-Z-g-v-k-v t-l-m-«-e-n-s-e t-I-m¬-^-d³-k-v l-m-f-nÂs-h-¨-v \-S-¶-p-. k-t-½-f-\-w D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w s-N-¿-m³ s-I ]-n k-n k-n {-]-k-n-Uâ-v {-i-o F s-I Bâ-W-nsbb-m-W-v \-n-Ý-b-n-¨-s-X-¦-n-e-p-w A-t-±-l-¯-n-\-v s-]-s-«-¶-v D-ï-m-b A-k-u-I-c-y-w I-m-c-W-w s-I ]-n k-n k-n s-s-h-k-v {-]-k-n-Uâ-v {-i-o ]-n _-m-e-\-m-W-v C-u k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S \-m-a-w D-¨-c-n-¨-p s-I-m-ï-v \-n-e-h-n-f-¡-v s-I-m-f-p-¯-n D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w s-N-b-v-X-X-v. A-¶-v k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w D-¨-¯-nÂ h-n-f-n-¨-p ]-d-ª-p t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³ k-n-µ-m-_-m-Z-v...

k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p s-I-m-ï-v \-S-¯-n-b B-Z-y {-]-J-y-m-]-\-¯-nÂ X-s-¶ h-y-à-a-m-¡-n-b H-c-p I-m-c-y-w C-u k-w-L-S-\-s-b a-ä-p k-w-L-S-\-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. "`-c-n-¡-p-¶ I-£-n-b-p-s-S \-n-d-w t-\-m-¡-m-s-X P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S A-h-I-m-i-§Ä k-w-c-£-n-¡-m³ t-]-m-c-m-S-p-w' F¶ a-p-{-Z-m-h-m-I-y-w k-w-L-S-\-b-v-¡-v I-c-p-t-¯-I-p-¶-X-n-t\msSm ¸-w a-p-t-¶-m-«-v \-b-n-¡-m³ C-¶-p-w {-]-t-N-m-Z-\-w \Â-I-p-¶-p.

t-I-c-f-¯-nÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S A-h-I-m-i-§Ä k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v 1985-, P-q-s-s-e 12 \-v A-§-s-\ t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³ Ø-m-]-n-X-a-m-b-n. {-]-Y-a Ø-m-]-I Z-n-\ k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ X-s-¶ k-w-Ø-m-\ F-I--v-k-n-I-y-q-«-o-h-v I-½-n-ä-n c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w k-w-L-S-\-s-b \-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v {-i-o s-I ]-n c-m-[-m-I-r-j-v-W-s-\ k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-Uâ-m-b-p-w {-i-o. k-n F h-m-l-o-Z-n-s-\ P-\-dÂ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-b-m-b-p-w X-n-c-s-ª-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. k-w-L-S-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p s-I-m-ï-p \-S-¶ k-t-½-f-\-w t-I-c-f-¯-nÂ h-e-n-b h-mÀ-¯-m-{-]-m-[-m-\-y-w k-r-ã-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b K-k-ä-U-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b-s-â (s-I P-n H b-p-) s-I-m-S-n-¡-o-g-nÂ A-W-n-\-n-c-¶-p s-I-m-ï-v {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m³ 1985-, P-q-s-s-e 12 X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-n-¨-p.

t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b³ a-n-I-h-mÀ-¶ {-]-hÀ-

10 KGOU Bulletin

¯-\-§Ä P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S C-S-b-nÂ I-mg-v-N s-h-¨-p-s-I-m- ï-v 35 hÀ-j-w ]-qÀ-¯-oI -c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. N-n«-b-m-b {-]-h À-¯-\-¯-n-e-q-s-S P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-s-S k-w-L-S\I-fnÂ C¶v G-ä-h-p-w A-d-n-b-s-¸-S-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-b-m-W-v s-I P-n H b-p. k-w-Ø-m-\ I-½-n-ä-n-, P-n-Ã-m I-½-n-ä-n-IÄ-, X-m-e-q-¡-v/{-_-m-©-v I-½-n-ä-n-IÄ F-¶-n k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w k-w-L-S-\-s-b I-q-S-p-XÂ I-c-p-¯-p-ä-X-m-¡-p-¶-p.

P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S A-h-I-m-i-§Ä t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-s-\-m-¸-w k-m-a-q-l-n-I {-]-X-n-_-²-X-b-p-Å I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ C-S-s-]-S-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w C-¶-v k-w-L-S-\ a-p-³]-´-n- b-n-e-m-W-v. k-w-L-S-\ H-t-c-m I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-e-p-w I-g-n-h-n-s-â ]-c-a-m-h-[-n k-l-m-b-w k- a-q-l \-·-b-v-¡-v t-h-ï-n-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p h-c-p-¶-p. A-S-p-¯ I-m-e-§-f-nÂ s-N-b-v-X I-m-c-y-§Ä a-m-{-X-w C-h-n-s-S k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p.

2018þs-e {-]-f-b-¯-nÂ 5 e-£-w c-q-] a-p-J-y-a-{-´-n-b-p-s-S Z-p-c-n-X-m-i-z-m-k \-n-[-n-b-n-t-e-¡-v k-w-`-m-h-\ \Â-I-n. C-X-n-t-\-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v {-]-f- b-¯-nÂ h-o-S-p \-ã-s-¸-« 8 ]-m- h-s-¸-« I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-v h-o- S-v s-h-¨-v \Â-I-p-¶ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-a-m-b-n a-p-t-¶-m-«-v t-]-m-I-p-¶-p. C-X-nÂ aq¶-p h-o-S-p-I Ä C-X-n-\-I-w s-s-I-a-m-d-n _-m- ¡-n h-o-S-p-I-f-p-s-S ]-W-n ]-p-t-c-m -K-a-n-¡-p-¶-p.

2019 þ {-]-f-b-w _-m-[-n-¨ h-b-\-m-«-n-s-e ]-p-¯-p-a-e-b-n-e-p-w a-e-¸-p-d-s-¯ I-h-f-¸-m-d-b-n-e-p-w G-I-t-Z-i-w c-ï-p e-£-w c-q-] h-o-X-w h-n-e-a-X-n-¡-p-¶ h-o-«-p k-m-[-\-§Ä \Â-I-n.

2020þÂ-, C-t-¸-mÄ-, t-e-m -I c-m-P-y-§Ä a-p-g-p-h-\-p-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-v F-¶ a- l-m-a-m-c-n \-½-p-s-S k-w-Ø-m-\-h-p-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-b-m-W-v. C-X-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-«-v \-n-c-h-[-n I-m-c-p-W-y {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä k-w-L-S-\ \-S-

¯-n h-c-p-¶-p. CXnÂ G-ähpw {]-[m-\w PnÃm I-½n-än-I-fp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-¯nÂ \-S-¶ `-£y-[m-\y-In-äv hn-X-cWw, B-tcm-Ky {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡m-h-iy-am-b am-kvIv, km-\n-ssä-kÀ hn-X-cWw, Ip-«n-IÄ¡v Hm¬-sse³ ]T-\-¯n-\m-h-iyam-b sS-en-hn-j³ hn-Xc-Ww Xp-S-§n-b-h-bm-bn-cp¶p.

k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-v KGOU C-¶-v h-f-s-c s-I-«-p-d-¸-p-Å k-w-L-S-\-b-m-b-n h-fÀ-¶-p ]-´-e-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-u h-fÀ-¨-b-v-¡-v ]-n-¶-nÂ X-y-m-t-K-m-Ö-e {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä I-m-g-v-N s-h-¨ \-n-c-h-[-n {-]-hÀ-¯-I-c-p-ï-v, t-\-X-m-¡-f-p-ï-v. C-h-s-c-s-b-Ã-m-w h-f-s-c \-µ-n-t-b-m-s-S k-v-a-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. k-w-L-S-\ Ø-m-]-n-X-a-m-b-X-p a-p-XÂ k-w-L-S-\-s-b \-b-n-¨n«p-Å-hcpw Ct¸mÄ \-b-n-¨-ps-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-Ø-m-\ t-\-X-m-¡-f-m-b {-]-k-n-Uâ-p-a-m-s-c-b-p-w P\dÂ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-a-m-s-c-b-p-w H-¶-p ]-c-n-N-b-s-¸-S-p-¯-s-«....

{]knUâv P-\. sk-{I«-dn hÀjw

{io. sI.]n. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W³ {io. kn.F. hm-ln-Zv 1985þ86

{io. sI.]n. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W³ {io. F³. tKm-]n-\m-Y³ 1986þ88

{io. sI.]n. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W³ {io. hn. k-Zm-in-h³ 1988þ92

{io. sI.]n. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W³ {io. Un. Nn-Z-_w-c³ 1992þ96

{io. sam-bv-Xo³-tIm-b {io. Un.Nn-Z-_w-c³ 1996þ02

{io. sam-bv-Xo³-tIm-b {io. F³.A-c-hn-µm-£³ 2002þ04

{io. tPm-kv Ip-cy³ Im-«p-Imc³ {io. F³.A-c-hn-µm-£³ 2004þ06

tUm. ]n.sI. tP¡-_v {io. Fw.]n. th-em-bp-[³ 2006þ08

tUm. ]n.sI. tP¡-_v {io. A-Ðp d-Òm³ 2008þ10

tUm. ]n.sI. tP¡-_v {io. kn.cm-P³ ]n-Å 2010þ13

{io. kn. cm-P³ ]n-Å {io. F³. c-ho-{µ³ 2013þ15

{io. kn. cm-P³ ]n-Å {io. Fv-k. A-P-b³ 2015þ17

{io. Fkv. A-P-b³ {io. C.Fw._m-_p 2017þ18

{io. Fkv. A-P-b³ {io. sI. hn-a-e³ 2018þ19

{io. sI. hn-a-e³ {io. Sn.F. ]-Zv-a-Ip-amÀ 2019þ20

{io. sI. hn-a-e³ tUm. a-t\m-Pv tPm¬-k¬ 2020 .....

XpSÀ¶pw P-\-tk-h-\-¯n-sâ ]m-X-bnÂ P-\-]-£-¯p-\n-¶p {]-hÀ-¯n¡p-¶Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS A-h-Im-i-§Ä kw-c-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thïn Cu {]-Øm-\w F¶pw ap-¶nÂ X-s¶-bp-ïm-Ipw.

11KGOU Bulletin

t-e-m-I-m-c-m-[-y-b-m-b {-i-o-a-X-n C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n-b-p-s-S k-v-a-c-W-IÄ-¡-v a-p³-]-nÂ A-{-i-p-]-p-j-v-]-§Ä AÀ-¸-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v 1985 Â KGOU c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-s-¸-«-X-v. I-g-n-ª 35 hÀ-j-§fm-b-n P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S \-y-m-b-a-m-b B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-w A-h-I-m-i-§Ä-¡-p-w t-h-ï-n ̀ -c-W-¯-nÂ B-s-c-¶-p t-\-m-¡-m-s-X {-]-t-£-m-` ]-m-Ù-m-h-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p k-w-L-S-\. H-m-t-c-m hÀ-j-§Ä I-g-n-b-p-t-¼-m-g-p-w A-w-K-_-e-w s-I-m-ï-p-w {-]-hÀ-¯-\ ]-c-n-N-b-k-¼-¶-X s-I-m-ï-p-w IÀ-¯-mÀ-Ö-n-¨-p a-p-t-¶-m-«-p s-]-m-b-v-s-¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-L-S-\-¡-v k-p-hÀ-® I-m-e-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p I-g-n-ª D-½³-N-m-ï-n kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â `-c-W-I-m-e-w

k-w-L-S-\-¡-v G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ]-c-n-K-W-\ I-n-«-n-b-X-n-\-p ]-p-d-s-a P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S F-Ã-m \-y-m-b-a-m-b B-h-i-y-§-f-p-w A-\-p-`-m-h-]-qÀ-Æ-w ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-s-¸-«-p . a-p³-kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â I-m-e-s-¯ i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«-v \-S-¸-m-¡-n-b-X-v I-q-S-m-s-X X-§-f-p-s-S I-m-e-s-¯ ]¯m-w i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W d-n-t-¸-mÀ-«-p-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n c-ï-p i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-§Ä {-]-m-_-e-y-¯-nÂ s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶ kÀ-¡-mÀ F-¶ J-y-m-X-n t-\-S-n-b-X-n-\-p t-i-j-a-m-W-p D-½³ N-m-ï-n kÀ-¡-mÀ I-m-e-m-h-[-n ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-n-b-X-v. \-S-¸-n-e-m-t-¡-ï X-o-b-X-n-¡-v 9 a-m-k-w a-p³-]-v X-s-¶ {-]-J-y-m-]-n-¨ ]¯m-w i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W I-½-o-j-\-n-e-q-s-S k-z-]-v-\-X-p-e-y-a-m-b i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-a-m-W-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v e-`-n-¨-X-v. G-ä-h-p-w I-p-d-ª i-¼-f-w 16500 c-q-]-b-m-¡-n D-bÀ-¯-n-b-X-p-w-, DCRG 7 e-£-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w 14 e-£-a-m-b-n D-b-¯-n-b-X-p-w-, h-o-«-p-h-m-S-I _-¯ I-m-t-e-m-N-n-X-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-n-¨-X-p-w-, k-a-{-K B-t-c-m-K-y C³-j-p-d³-k-v ]-²-X-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b-X-p-w-, LTC 6500 I-n-t-e-m-

a-o-äÀ B-¡-n A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-X-p-w a-ä-p-w A-X-n-s-e N-n-e {-]-a-p-J X-o-c-p-a-m-\-§Ä a-m-{-X-w. £-m-a-_-¯ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-h-m-\-m-b-n H-c-n-¡Â t-]-m-e-p-w {-]-t-£-m-`-c-w-K-t-¯-¡-v P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v C-d-t-§-ï-n-h-¶-n-Ã. F-Ã-m-hÀ-j-h-p-w D-Õ-h-_-¯ hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¨-p-, Ø-e-a-m-ä-§-f-nÂ A-\-p-`-m-]-qÀ-Æ-a-m-b k-a-o-]-\-w s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. A-§-s-\ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S kÀ-ÆtXm-·p-J-§fmb F-Ã-m I-m-c-y-§-f-n-e-p-w D-½³ N-m-ï-n kÀ-¡-mÀ {-]-t-X-y-I ]-c-n-K-W-\ \Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

X-p-SÀ-¶-p-h-¶ ]-n-W-d-m-b-n kÀ-¡-mÀ A-[-n-I-m-c-t-aÂ-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p a-p³-]-p-X-s-¶ c-m-{-ã-o-b-t-{-]-c-n-X-a-m-b Ø-e-w a-m-ä-§Ä \-S-¯-n. t-c-m-K-n-I-s-f-b-p-w a-ä-p _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-s-c-b-p-w H-c-p ]-c-n-K-W-\-b-p-w I-q-S-m-s-X c-m-{-ã-o-b-t-{-]-c-n-X-a-m-b-n Z-q-c-Z-n-¡-p-I-f-n-t-e-¡-v Ø-e-w-a-m-ä-n. B \-n-e-]-m-S-v C-t-¸-m-g-p-w X-p-S-¶-p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. h-n-aÀ-i-\-§-t-f-m-S-v A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X s-s-I-s-¡-m-ï-p. X-§-f-p-s-S s-X-ä-m-b X-n-c-p-a-m-\-§-s-f h-n-aÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶ P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c k-k-v-s-]³-U-v s-N-b-v-X-p-w, s-s-h-c-y-\-n-cyX-\-_-p-²-n-t-b-m-S-p-Å Ø-e-w-a-m-ä-§Ä \Â-I-n-b-p-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯Â {-i-a-§Ä X-p-SÀ-¶-p-s-I-m-t-ï-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. DA A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-n-«-p cïv hÀ-j-w I-g-n-ª-p. C-S-¡-m-e-m-i-z-m-k-h-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-w s-]³-j³ ]-ä-n-b-h-c-p-w H-t-«-s-d {-]-X-o-£-t-b-m-s-S D-ä-p-t-\-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶ k-a-{-K B-t-c-m-K-y C³-j-p-d³-k-v ]-²-X-n-b-m-b MEDISEP D-t-]-£-n-¨ a-«-m-W-v. 2019 P-q-s-s-e-b-nÂ I-c-K-X-a-m-t-I-ï ]Xn-s\m¶mw i-¼-f ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-\-S-]-S-n-IÄ F-§-p-s-a-¯-n-b-n-«-n-Ã-, e-o-h-v k-d-ïÀ X-S-ª-p-, {-]-f-b-Z-p-c-n-X I-m-e-¯-v k-m-e-d-n N-e-©-v h-g-n P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S H-c-p a-m-k-s-¯ i-¼-f-w ̀ -o-j-W-n-s-¸-S-p-¯-n ]-n-S-n-¨-p-]-d-n-¨-X-n-\-p ]-p-d-s-a C-u hÀ-j-h-p-w-, t-I-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-n-\-p-a-p-t-¼ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ k-m-¼-¯-n-I {-]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-p-s-S t-]-c-p-]-d-ª-p H-mÀ-U-n-\³-k-v s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶-p-, P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-s-â i-¼-f-w h-o-ï-p-w X-«-n-s-b-S-p-¯-p-, t-I-c-f-N-c-n-{-X-¯-nÂ B-Z-y-a-m-b-n i-¼-f-w s-h-«-n-¡-p-d-¨-p s-I-m-ï-v t-I-c-f-m kÀ-¡-mÀ P-o-h-\-¡-m-t-c-m-S-p-Å X-§-f-p-s-S a-t-\-m-`-m-h-w h-y-à-a-m-¡-n-, P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-\-v k-p-K-a-a-m-b-n e-`-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ LTC B-\-p-I-q-e-y-w k-¦-oÀ-W-a-m-¡-n-,

t\cmÀ-¶ tkh-\wI-cp-¯p-ä {]-hÀ¯\w

12 KGOU Bulletin

t‑U‑m. a‑t‑\‑m‑P‑v t‑P‑m¬‑k³P-\-dÂ s-k-{-I-«-d-n

`-h-\-h-m-b-v-] \-nÀ-¯-e-m-¡-n-, kÀ-h-o-k-nÂ C-c-n-s-¡ a-c-W-s-¸-« P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-\-v B-{-i-n-X-\-n-b-a-\-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-h-s-c a-p³ kÀ-¡-mÀ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨ B-\-p-I-q-e-y-w ap-¸-Xp-i-X-am-\-am¡n N-p-c-p-¡-n-, ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-s-]³-j³ P-o-h-\-¡-mÀ-¡-v DCRG C-Ã-m-s-X-b-m-¡-n-, DPC IÄ I-q-S-m-¯-X-v a-q-e-w s-{-]-m-t-a-m-j³ e-`-n-¡-m-s-X s-]³-j³ ]-ä-n-b-hÀ XpS§n C-u kÀ-¡-mÀ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c t-{-Z-m-l-n-¡-p-¶ \-S-]-S-n-I-f-p-s-S ]-«-n-I h-f-s-c h-e-p-X-m-W-v.

t-I-m-h-n-U-v {-]-X-n-t-c-m-[-¯-n-e-p-w kÀ-¡-mÀ A-t-¼ ]-c-m-P-b-s-¸-«-p. s-I-m-«-n-t-L-m-j-n-¨ t-I-c-f-m t-a-m-UÂ s-h-d-p-w \-oÀ-¡-p-a-n-f B-s-W-¶-v s-]-«-¶-v s-h-f-n-s-¸-«-p. a-p-g-p-h³ {-]-h-m-k-n-I-t-f-b-p-w DÄ-s-¡-m-Å-m\pÅ I-z-m-d-s-s-â³ k-u-I-c-y-w D-s-ï-¶-p-Å A-h-I-m-i-h-m-Z-h-p-w s-h-d-p-w s-]-m-f-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-s-¶-¶-p-w s-]-«-¶-v s-X-f-n-ª-p. C-u k-m-¼-¯-n-I {-]-X-n-k-Ô-n-¡-n-S-b-n-e-p-w ]n.BÀ. G-P³-k-n-I-s-f D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-p-Å kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â ]-c-k-y {-]-N-m-c-W-w A-]-l-m-k-y-a-m-W-v. A-S-n-¡-p-¶ h-g-n-¡-p t-]-m-b-n-s-Ã-¦-nÂ t-]-m-I-p-¶ h-g-n-¡-p A-S-n-¡-p-I F-¶ \-n-e-]-m-S-n-e-m-W-v t-I-m-h-n-U-v I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ t-I-c-f kÀ-¡-mÀ

s-]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-v G-ä-h-p-w K-p-W-{-]-Z-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ I-m-c-p-W-y s-_-\-h-s-eâ-v ]-²-X-n \-nÀ-¯-e-m-¡-n-, {-]-f-b-k-l-m-b-[-\-a-m-b 10000 c-q-] t-]-m-e-p-w C-t-¸-m-g-p-w I-n-«-m-¯ {-]-f-b-_-m-[-n-XÀ H-t-«-s-d-b-p-Å-t-¸-mÄ {-]-f-b-Z-p-c-n-X-m-i-z-m-k-\-n-[-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ̀ -c-W-m-\-p-I-q-e k-w-L-S-\-m-t-\-X-m-¡Ä c-m-{-ã-o-b-t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-s-â a-u-\-m-\-p-h-m-Z-t-¯-m-s-S t-I-m-S-n-IÄ X-«-n-¨-p-, b-p-h-P-\-§Ä {-]-X-o-£-t-b-m-s-S I-ï-n-c-p-¶ PSC b-p-s-S h-n-i-z-m-k-y-X I-f-ª-p-I-p-f-n-¨-p-, t-I-m-h-n-U-v {-]-X-n-t-c-m-[-{-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä A-¸-m-s-S X-I-n-S-w-a-d-n-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-, ]-p-X-n-b H-c-p h-n-I-k-\ ]-²-X-n t-]-m-e-p-w {-]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-m-s-X t-a-\-n-]-d-¨-nÂ a-m-{-X-a-m-b-n N-p-c-p-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p k-w-Ø-m-\ `-c-W-w.

a-p-s-¶-m-c-p-¡-§Ä C-Ã-m-s-X \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b t-\-m-«-v \-n-t-c-m-[-\-h-p-w-, A-i-m-k-v-{-X-n-b-a-m-b-n GST \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b-X-p-w C-´-y-s-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I a-m-µ-y-¯-n-t-e-¡-v I-q-¸-p-I-p-X-n-¨-p. a-X-]-c-a-m-b X-n-{-h-X-\-n-e-]-m-S-p-IÄ s-I-m-

ï-p-w P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b D-¨-\-o-N-X-z ]-o-U-\-§Ä s-I-m-ï-p-w _-n-s-P-]-n `-c-W-w c-m-P-y-s-¯ t-e-m-I-¯-n-\-p a-p-¶-nÂ A-]-l-m-k-y-b-m-¡-n. H-c-p ]-mÀ-«-n H-c-p t-\-X-m-h-v F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-Â K-q-V e-£-y-t-¯-m-S-p-I-q-S-n F-X-nÀ-¡-p-¶-h-s-c-s-b-Ã-m-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-n s-I-m-ï-v a-p-t-¶-m-«-p-t-]-m-I-p-I-b-m-W-v t-a-m-Z-n-kÀ-¡-mÀ. t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v ̀ -c-W-I-m-e-¯-p D-ï-m-¡-n-b s-]-m-X-p-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä F-Ã-m-w h-n-ä-p-X-p-e-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-m-Ø-m-]-\-§-s-f-b-p-w I-p-ä-m-t-\-z-j-W G-P³-k-n-I-s-f-b-p-w a-q-¡-p-I-bÀ C-«-p-s-I-m-ï-v c-m-{-ã-o-b ]-I-t-]-m-¡-e-p-IÄ-¡-p A-h-s-b D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-p. c-m-P-y-s-¯ ]-c-t-a-m-¶-X \-o-X-n-]-oT-w t-]-m-e-p-w k-w-i-b-¯-n-s-â \-n-g-e-nÂ B-W-v. A-´-m-c-m-{-ã h-n-]-W-n-b-nÂ {-I-q-t-U-m-b-nÂ h-n-e I-p-¯-s-\ I-p-d-ª-n-«-p-w `-m-c-X-¯-n-s-e C-Ô-\-h-n-e Z-n-h-t-k-\ I-q-«-n-s-¡-m-ï-p P-\-t-{-Z-m-l-\-S-]-S-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n t-I-{-µ-kÀ-¡-mÀ a-p-t-¶-m-«-p-t-]-m-I-p-¶-p ]-u-c-X-z \-n-b-a-w h-g-n hÀ-¤-n-b h-n-`-P-\-w \-S-¯-m³ X-p-\-n-ª t-I-{-µ-kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-\-X-n-s-c c-m-P-y-s-a-m-«-p-¡-v {-]-X-n-t-j-[-m-K-v-\-n B-f-n-¡-¯-n. P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-nÂ ]-u-c-X-z-\-n-b-a-s-¯ I-p-d-n-¨-p-Å A-h-t-_-m-[-w k-r-j-vT-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-b-n-s-e a-u-e-n-I-m-h-I-m-i-§-s-f I-p-d-n-¨-v t-_-m-[-hÂ-¡-c-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w

s-I-P-n-H-b-p F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w 2020 P-\-p-h-c-n 31 \-v s-k-a-n-\-m-d-p-IÄ \-S-¯-n.

C-u k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n Â t-I-c-f K-k-ä-U-v H-m-^-o-t-k-g-v-k-v b-q-W-n-b-s-â {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-v P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S C-S-b-n-e-p-w s-]-m-X-p-P-\-§-f-p-s-S C-S-b-n-e-p-w {-]-k-à-n-t-b-d-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

2018 s-e {-]-f-b-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-]-«-p k-w-L- S-\ {-]-f-b-_-m-[-n-XÀ-¡-p t-h-ï-n 8 h-o-S-p-IÄ \-nÀ-½-n-¨-v s-s-I-a-m-d-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-X-nÂ a-q-s-¶-®-w

h³ hn-P-b-am-bn-cp-¶ 34þmw kw-Øm-\ k-t½-f-\w F-¶pw HmÀ-¡m³ kp-J-ap-Å HmÀ-½-I-fm-Wv k-½m-\n-¨-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-sâ kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I X-e-Øm-\-am-b Xr-iq-cn-\v Xn-e-I-¡p-dn NmÀ-¯n-b k-t½-f-\w, {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS F-®w sIm-ïpw hn-in-ãm-Xn-Yn-I-fp-sS km-¶n-[yw sIm-ïpw {]u-V Kw-`o-c-am-bn-cp-¶p.

13KGOU Bulletin

\-nÀ-½-m-W-w ]-qÀ-¯-o-I-c-n-¨-p K-p-W-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-v s-s-I-a-m-d-n. 2 h-o-S-p-IÄ A-S-p-¯-a-m-k-w X-m-a-k-¯-n-\-m-b-n K-p-W-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-v s-s-I-a-m-d-m³ I-g-n-b-p-s-a-¶-v {-]-X-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-p. _-m-¡-n a-p-¶-v h-o-S-p-IÄ \-nÀ-½-m-W-¯-n-s-â hnhn[ L-«-§-f-n-e-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-p-]-p-d-s-a a-p-J-y-a-{-´-n-b-p-s-S Z-p-c-n-X-m-i-z-m-k \-n-[-n-b-n-t-e-¡-v 5 e-£-w c-q-] k-w-L-S-\- k-w-`-m-h-\ \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p.

2019 s-e {-]-f-b-¯-n-e-p-w k-w-L-S-\ Z-p-c-n-X-m-i-z-m-k {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-nÂ a-p³-]-´-n-b-nÂ X-s-¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ Z-p-c-´-w t-\-c-n-« a-e-¸-p-d-s-¯ I-h-f-¸-m-d-b-n-e-p-w h-b-\-m-«-n-s-e I-p-¯-p-a-e-b-n-e-p-w s-I-P-n-H-b-p P-n-Ã-m I-½-ä-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n k-l-I-c-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-v c-ï-p e-£-w c-q-]bpsS h-o-«-p-]-I-c-W-§-f-p-w ̀ -£-W-I-n-ä-p-I-f-p-w h-n-X-c-W-w s-N-b-v-X-p.

C-u t-I-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-p-w s-I-P-n-H-b-p X-§-f-p-s-S k-m-a-q-l-y {-]-X-n-_-²-X-m {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-nÂ a-p³-]-´-n-b-nÂ X-s-¶-b-m-Wv. F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w P-n-Ã-m I-½-ä-n-I-f-p-s-S t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ Z-p-c-n-X-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v `-£-W-I-n-ä-p-I-f-p-w-, a-m-k--v-I-p-w k-m-\-n-s-s-ä-k-d-p-w-, h-o-«-nÂ S-n-h-n C-Ã F-¶ I-m-c-W-¯-mÂ H-m¬-s-s-e³ ¢-m-Ê-p-I-f-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¡-m³ ]-ä-m-s-X h-n-j-a-X A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v S-n-h-n I-f-p-w h-n-X-c-W-w \-S-¯-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-p.

P-\-t-{-Z-m-l-]-c-h-p-w P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c A-h-K-W-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b k-a-o-]-\-w s-s-I-s-¡-m-ï-p a-p-t-¶-m-«-p t-]-m-b-n-s-¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ ]-n-W-d-m-b-n kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-\-X-n-s-c {-]-t-£-m-`-]-m-X-b-n-e-m-W-v G-s-d-¡-m-e-a-m-b-n k-w-L-S-\. c-m-{-ã-o-b Ø-e-w-a-m-ä-§Ä-¡-p-w A-`-n-{-]-m-b k-z-m-X-{-´-y-s-¯ A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-p-¶ \-n-e-]-m-S-p-IÄ-¡-p-s-a-X-n-s-c ]-e-{-]-m-h-i-y-w k-w-L-S-\-¡-p-w A-w-K-§Ä-¡-p-w t-I-m-S-X-n-s-b k-a-o-]-n-¨-p \-o-X-n D-d-¸-m-t-¡-ï-n-h-¶-p. P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-p-s-S A-t-¸-m-k-v-t-X-m-e-·-mÀ F-¶-v k-z-b-w A-h-I-m-i-s-¸-S-p-¶ ̀ -c-W-m-\-p-I-p-e kÀ-h-o-k-v k-w-L-S-\-IÄ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-s-â ]-n-¨-¨-«-n-b-nÂ I-¿-n-«-p-h-m-c-m³ ̀ -o-j-W-n-b-p-s-S k-z-c-h-p-a-m-b-n k-m-e-d-n N-e-©-p-a-m-b-n h-¶-p. \mev K-U-p Un.F. I-n-«-m-\-p-s-ï-¶-p-Å I-m-c-y-w t-]-m-e-p-w C-t-¸-mÄ C-hÀ a-d-¶ a-«-m-W-v. k-d-ïÀ B-\-p-I-q-e-y-w X-S-ª-t-¸-m-g-p-w H-mÀ-U-n-\³-k-v h-g-n H-c-p-a-m-k-s-¯ i-¼-f-w s-I-m-Å-b-S-n-¨-t-¸-m-g-p-w A-hÀ X-§-fpsS c-m-{-ã-o-b A-S-n-a-¯-w H-¶-p-I-q-s-S D-u-«-n-b-p-d-¸-n-¨-p. 5 hÀ-j-w I-q-S-p-t-¼-mÄ P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-\-v e-`-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-p-¶ i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w \-ã-s-]-S-p-s-a-¶ A-h-Ø-b-n-e-m-W-v. MEDISEP s-\ I-p-d-n-¨-v t-IÄ-¡-m-t-\ C-Ã.

I-g-n-ª H-¶-c h-c-v-j-¯-n-\-n-S-¡-v 3 a-m-k-i-¼-f-§Ä B-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ X-S-ª-p ]-n-S-n-¨-p-]-d-n-¨-X-v. C-u s-I-m-Å-s-¡-X-n-s-c k-w-L-S-\ s-s-l-t-¡-m-S-X-n-b-nÂ t-I-k-v s-I-m-S-p-¯-n-«-p-ï-v-, A-\-p-I-q-e-h-n-[-n {-]-X-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-p. s-a-U-n-s-k-]-v \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-¯-X-n-s-\-X-n-s-c

k-w-L-S-\ 2019 P-q-s-s-e 29 \-p P-n-Ã-m t-I-{-µ-§-f-n-e-p-w s-k-s-{-I-«-d-n-t-b-ä-n-e-p-w [À-®-b-p-w {-]-I-S-\-h-p-w-, C-¡-m-c-y-s-¯ A-[-n-I-c-n-¨-p F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w 2019 s-k-]-v-ä-w-_À 26 \-v-, s-a-U-n-s-k-]-v s-k-a-n-\-m-d-p-w \-S-¯-n.

h³ h-n-P-b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ap-¸-¯n-\m emw k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-w F-¶-p-w H-mÀ-¡-m³ k-p-J-a-p-Å H-mÀ-½-I-f-m-W-v k-½-m-\-n-¨-X-v. t-I-c-f-¯-n-s-â k-m-w-k--v- I-m-c-n-I X-e-Ø-m-\-a-m-b X-r-i-q-c-n-\-v X-n-e-I-¡-p-d-n N-mÀ-¯-n-b k-t-½-f-\-w-, {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-s-S F-®-w s-I-m-ï-p-w h-n-i-n-ã-m-X-n-Y-n-I-f-p-s-S k-m-¶-n-[-y-w s-I-m- ï-p-w {-]-u-VK-w-`-o-c-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â Bth-iw sI-«-S-§p-¶-Xn-\p-apt¼ t-I-m-h-n-U-v F-¶ a-l-m-a-m-c-n t-e-m-I-s-¯-s-a-m-¯-w \-n-Ý-e-a-m-¡-n. t-I -c-f-h-p-w c-ï-p a-m-k-t-¯-m-f-w ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w t-e-m-I-v-U-u-W-nÂ B-b-n. t-e-m-¡-v--U-u¬ I-m-e-¯-p-w k-w-L-S-\ {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä N-S-p-e-a-m-b-n X-s-¶ a-p-t-¶-m-«-p-s-I-m-ï-p-t-]-m-I-m³ k-w-Ø-m-\ k-a-n-X-n-¡-p k-m-[-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. P-o-h-\-¡-m-s-c _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶ F-Ã-m h-n-j-b-§-f-n-e-p-w I-r-X-y-k-a-b-¯-p C-S-s-]-S-m-\-p-w ]-c-n-l-m-c-w I-m-W-p-h-m-\-p-w I-g-n-ª-p. i-¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W I-½-o-j-s-â t-N-m-Z-y-m-h-e-n-IÄ-¡-v a-d-p-]-S-n \Â-I-p-h-m-\-p-w ]-¦-m-f-n-¯ s-]³-j³ ]-p-\-c-h-t-e-m-I-\ I-½-n-j-\-p-a-m-b-n NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¯-p-h-m-\-p-w I-g-n-ª-p. F-Ã-m B-g-v-N-b-n-e-p-w h-o-U-n-t-b-m t-I-m¬-^-d³-k-v h-g-n-b-p-Å a-o-ä-n-w-K-v \-S-¯-n P-n-Ã-I-f-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-§Ä D-u-«-n-b-p-d-¸-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-p {-]-h-¯-\-§Ä- kPo-h-am-¡m³ {-i-²-n-¨-p.

C-\-n-b-p-w \-m-w H-t-«-s-d a-p-t-¶-m-«-p t-]-m-t-I-ï-X-p-ï-v. X-S-b-s-¸-« 4 K-U-p DA, X-«-n-¸-d-n-¨ H-c-p-a-m-k-s-¯ i-¼-f-w-, ]-n³-h-e-n-¨ k-d-ïÀ B-\-p-I-q-e-y-w-, F-§-p-s-a-¯-m-s-X I-n-S-¡-p-¶ i- ¼-f-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w-, h-f-s-c-b-[-n-I-w {-]- X-o-£-t-b-m-s-S I-m-¯-n-c-p-¶ k-a-{-K B- t-c-m-K-y C³-j-p-d³-k-v ]-²-X-n a-p-X-e-m-b-h t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-t-¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. i-à-a-m-b {-]-t-£-m-`-]-m-X-b-n-e-m-W-v C-¡-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ k-w-L-S-\. H-s¯m-c-p-a-t-b-m-s-S G-I-a-\-t-Ê-m-s-S \-m-w A-S-c-m-S-n-b-mÂ I-c-K-X-a-m-I-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v C-u \-y-m-b-a-m-b A-h-I-m-i-§Ä. C-h t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-p-h-s-c h-n-{-i-a-a-n-Ã-m-s-X k-a-c-]-m-X-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w k-w-L-S-\. F-Ã-m-h-c-p-s-S-b-p-w A-I-a-g-n-ª k-l-I-c-W-h-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-h-p-w a-p³-I-m-e-§-f-nÂ \-e-v-I-n-b-X-p-t-]-m-s-e C-¡-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ C-\-n-b-p-w \Â-I-p-s-a-¶ h-n-i-z-m-k-t-¯-m-s-S-, H-c-p \-Ã \-m-s-f-¡-m-b-n H-s-¯-m-c-p-a-n-¨-p {]b-X-v-\-n-¡-m-w t-]-m-c-m-S-m-w.

14 KGOU Bulletin

The aim of quarantine is to prevent transmission of the disease from potentially infected persons to healthy persons during the incuba-tion period.

Quarantine (noun), a period of enforced isolation for a person, an-imal, or object suspected of carrying a communicable disease.

Usage: Wuhan has been placed under quarantine and people arriv-ing from China are also facing temporary isolation.

The epidemic of novel coronavirus (NCOVID) sweeping across China and potentially threatening the world has suddenly brought the word “quarantine” into widespread use. The term goes back to the 1660s, when disease was often carried across the seas on ships, and referred to the period a ship suspected of carrying disease was kept in isolation. Quarantine came from the Italian quarantinagiorni, literally “space of forty days,” from quaranta (forty) and giorni (days), in keep-ing with the Venetian policy (first enforced in 1377) of keeping ships from plague-stricken countries waiting off its port for 40 days to as-sure that no communicable cases were aboard, since no effective treat-ment or cure was known then. After three centuries of this practice in Italy, the broader sense of “any period of forced isolation” emerged. Initially, the Venetians reacted to the bubonic plague, known notori-ously as the Black Death, which was spreading through Europe be-

QUARANTINE

tween 1347-50 (it is es-timated that one-third of Europe’s population died). The Great Council of Ragusa passed a law establishing trentino, or a 30-day period of isolation for ships arriving from plague-affected areas. When in 1377 the isola-tion period was extend-ed from 30 to 40 days, the term changed from trentino to quarantino. Interestingly, in English the word quarantine had an earlier meaning, that of a period of 40 days in which a widow had the right (and some say, the obligation) to remain in her dead husband’s house (1520s), and even earlier, as quarentyne, it had re-ligious connotations, re-ferring to the time in the desert in which Christ fasted for 40 days, Moses’ time on Mount Sinai, and the Catholic observation of Lent, a 40-day period of spiritual purification. Now its usage is perhaps more common and more banal, as in “My dog had to be quarantined when I moved back to India.” Then Indian students evacuated from the Wu-han area are “in quaran-tine” in Manesar, along with the brave diplomats (one of them a nephew of mine) who went to ar-range their evacuation.

Dr. Shashi Tharoor MP

15KGOU Bulletin

When an outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syn-drome) moved through Can-ada in 2003, about 30,000 people in Toronto were quar-antined. Epidemiologists (ex-perts in the spread of disease) are still debating whether it effectively helped to control the spread of disease, but in any case, during the 2014 Eb-ola outbreak in West Africa, health workers returning to the United States from affect-ed areas were quarantined. The aim of quarantine is to prevent transmission of the disease from potentially in-fected persons to healthy per-sons during the incubation pe-riod. Quarantine can take two forms: absolute or complete quarantine, which consists of a limitation of freedom for a period equal to the longest usual incubation period of the disease; and modified quaran-tine, which involves selective or partial limitation of move-ment, such as the exclusion of children from school or the confining of military person-

nel to their base. It therefore involves infringing upon the liberty of outwardly healthy people, and this has both legal and ethical implications which should not be taken lightly. Few infectious diseases have an incubation time or infective period greater than forty days -- except rabies, which may not show up for several months. That is why animals that may have been exposed to rabies are quarantined for many months when they arrive in other countries. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) does have a longer incubation peri-od than SARS or NCOVID, but human rights advocates have ensured there is no quar-antine for potential carriers of that infection, which in any case cannot be spread as easily as SARS or NCOVID. In 1969 the World Health Or-ganization issued international health regulations for just four designated quarantinable dis-eases: cholera, plague, yellow fever, and smallpox. Smallpox was proclaimed eradicated by

WHO in 1979, and the other diseases on the list are rela-tively rare, so the quarantine stations that were formerly common in many seaports around the world have been abandoned, taken down, or converted into holiday resorts. Quarantine law and regula-tions still apply in many coun-tries, however, to protect ani-mals and plants of economic importance from exotic dis-eases. Animal and plant quar-antine procedures are often as important as human quar-antine. The economic impor-tance of agriculture and animal husbandry in many countries makes it vital for them to keep out diseases that might wipe out valuable cattle herds or destroy a season’s harvest. Quarantine is usually al-ways used literally, but that doesn’t prevent us from ap-plying the word metaphor-ically, as in: “I would love to quarantine his bigoted communal ideas to prevent them infecting more people.”

16 KGOU Bulletin

_n. tKm-]-Ip-amÀkwØm\ ssh-kv {]-knUâv

IY

kp-`m-jn-Xw

a-p-¯-È-n-b-p-s-S c-m-a-m-b-W ]-m-c-m-b-W-w t-I-«-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v k-p-`-m-j-v D-WÀ-¶-X-v.P-m-\-I-o-t-Z-h-n-t-b-m-S-p-w I-q-S-n c-m-L-h-þ\-m-\-µ-a-pÄ-s-I-m-ï-p c-m-P-t-`-m-K-¼-n-X-wA-i-z-t-a-[-m-Z-n-b-m-w b-m-K-h-p-w s-N-b-v-X-ph-n-i-z-]-h-n-{-X-b-m-w I-oÀ-¯-n-b-p-w s-]-m-§-n-¨-p\-n-t-È-j-k-u-J-y-w h-c-p-¯-n {-]-P-IÄ-¡-ph-n-i-z-s-a-Ã-m-w ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-¨-c-p-f-n-\-m³.a-p-¯-È-n C-¼-a-p-Å i-Ð-¯-nÂ c-m-a-c-m-P-y-s-¯-

¡-p-d-n-¨-p hÀ-®-n-¡-p-¶ c-m-a-m-b-W-`-m-K-w s-N-m-Ã-p-I-b-m-W-v. k-p-`-m-j-v I-p-d-¨-p-k-a-b-w A-X-p {-i-²-n-¨-p-I-n-S-¶-p.

s-]-s-«-¶-v A-h-s-â s-a-m-s-s-_Â t-^-m¬ d-n-w-K-v s-N-¿-m³ X-p-S-§-n. k-p-`-m-j-v t-^-m-s-W-S-p-¯-p. I-q-«-p-I-m-c-\-m-W-v.

l-t-e-m. F-S-m k-p-`-n C-¶-v H-c-p a-o-ä-n-w-K-v D-ï-v. S-u¬-l-m-f-nÂ h-¨-m-W-v. \-o t-h-K-w A-t-§-m-«-p-h-c-W-w s-I-t-«-m.

i-c-n. R-m³ h-t-¶-¡-m-w.A-h³ t-^-m¬ I-«-p s-N-b-v-X-n-«-p I-p-f-n-¨-p s-d-

U-n-b-m-b-n A-S-p-¡-f-b-nÂ F-¯-n. A-t-½-, h-Ã-X-p-w I-g-n-¡-m³ X-c-q..A-½ A-Û-p-X-t-¯-m-s-S A-h-s-â a-p-J-t-¯-¡-v

t-\-m-¡-n.\-o c-m-h-n-s-e X-s-¶ F-t-§-m-«-m? A-½ \-o-«-n-b t-¹-ä-n-s-e t-Z-m-i-b-p-w N-½-´-n-b-p-w

h-m-c-n h-n-g-p-§-p-¶-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ A-h³ ]-d-ª-p.C-¶-v ]-mÀ-«-n-b-p-s-S a-o-ä-n-w-K-v D-ï-v.A-½ A-h-s-\ t-Z-j-y-t-¯-m-s-S t-\-m-¡-n-s-¡-m-ï-v

]-d-ª-p.F-S-m-, \-o C-u ]-mÀ-«-n I-f-n-¨-p \-S-¡-p-¶-X-v

A-{-X \-Ã-X-n-\-Ã s-I-t-«-m. t-]-m-b-n h-Ã-X-p-w c-ï-£-c-w ]T-n-¡-m³ t-\-m-¡-v.

A-h³ A-h-s-c \-n-Ê-w-K-X-t-b-m-s-S H-¶-p t-\-m-¡-n.

H-¶-p-w a-n-ï-m-s-X t-¹-ä-v t-S-_-n-f-nÂ h-¨-n-«-v s-s-I-I-g-p-I-n.

k-p-`-m-j-v s-s-k-¡-nÄ I-b-d-n S-u¬-l-m-f-n-t-e-¡-v ]-m-ª-p.

17KGOU Bulletin

A-h-s-â b-p-h-X-z-¯-n-\-v A-½-b-p-s-S h-m-¡-p-IÄ DÄ-s-I-m-Å-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-Ã.

k-p-`-m-j-v F-¯-n-b-t-¸-mÄ a-o-ä-n-w-K-v X-p-S-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-mÀ-«-n-b-p-s-S b-p-h-t-\-X-m-h-v c-m-a-c-m-P-y-s-¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v t-L-m-c-t-L-m-c-w {-]-k-w-K-n-¡-p-¶-p. c-m-a-c-m-P-y-¯-n-\-p-t-h-ï-n {-]-hÀ-¯-n-t-¡-ï-X-n-s-â B-h-i-y-I-X t-\-X-m-h-v b-p-h-m-¡-s-f ]-d-ª-p-a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-n. H-c-p I-m-c-W-h-i-m-e-p-w B-c-p-s-S-b-p-w a-p-¶-nÂ a-p-«-p-a-S-¡-c-p-s-X-¶-p-w G-X-p X-S-Ê-h-p-w s-h-«-n-a-m-ä-n s-s-[-c-y-]-qÀ-h-w a-p-t-¶-d--W-s-a-¶-p-s-a-m-s-¡ t-\-X-m-h-v {-]-k-w-K-n-¨-p. A-h-c-p-s-S b-p-h-c-à-w X-n-f-¨-p. A-h³ B-t-h-i-t-¯-m-s-S A-X-p-t-I-«-n-c-p-¶-p.

A©p a-W-n-¡-v a-o-ä-n-w-K-v I-g-n-ª-p. t-\-X-m-h-v \-n-d-¨-p-s-I-m-S-p-¯ B-t-h-i-t-¯-m-s-S I-q-«-p-I-m-t-c-m-s-S-m-¸-w k-p-`-m-j-v s-s-k-¡-n-f-nÂ h-o-«-n-t-e-¡-v h-¨-p-]-n-S-n-¨-p. s-X-m-«-S-p-¯ I-h-e-b-n-s-e a-p-k-v-e-n-w-]-Å-n-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w {-I-n-k-v-X-y³ ]-Å-n-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w {-]-mÀ-°-\ I-g-n-ª-v B-Ä-¡-mÀ h-c-p-¶-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. s-]-s-«-¶-m-W-v A-X-v k-w-`-h-n-¨-X-v ]-Å-n-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w G-t-X-m l-m-P-n-b-mÀ H-S-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶ H-m-t-«-m-d-n-£-m k-p-`-m-j-n-s-â I-q-«-p-I-m-c-s-â s-s-k-¡-n-f-nÂ X-«-n. s-s-_-¡-p-w I-q-«-p-I-m-c-\-p-w t-d-m-U-n-t-e-¡-p h-o-W-p. F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w I-q-S-n A-h-s-\ ]-n-S-n-s-¨-g-p-

t-¶Â-]-n-¨-p. H-m-t-«-m H-m-S-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ l-m-P-n-b-mÀ C-d-§-n-sN-¶-v A-h-t-\-m-S-v £-a t-N-m-Z-n-¨-p. A-h-\-p h-e-n-b ]-c-n-s-¡-m-¶-p-w D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. k-p-`-m-j-n-s-â-b-p-w I-q-«-p-I-m-c-s-â-b-p-w c-à-w X-n-f-¨-p. t-\-X-m-h-n-s-â {-]-k-w-K-w X-oÀ-¯ B-t-h-i-¯-nÂ A-hÀ A-b-m-s-f X-Ã-m³ X-p-S§-n. a-ä-p-Å-hÀ A-h-s-c ]-n-S-n-¨-p-a-m-ä-m³ {-i-a-n-¨-p.

]-s-£ A-X-v A-h-n-S-w s-I-m-ï-h-k-m-\-n-¨-n-Ã. ]-n-t-ä-¶-v l-m-P-n-b-m-c-p-s-S BÄ-¡-mÀ k-p-`-m-j-n-s-â I-q-«-p-I-m-c-s-\ X-Ã-n.

k-p-`-m-j-p-w I-q-«-p-I-m-c-p-w a-\-¸-qÀ-h-w l-m-P-n-b-m-s-c X-Ã-n-s-b-¶-v h-c-p-¯-n-¯oÀ-¯-p. A-¶-v k-Ô-y-b-m-b-t-¸-m-t-g-¡-p-w X-Ã-v ]-c-k-v-]-c-a-p-Å s-h-«-p-w I-p-¯-p-a-m-b-n. k-p-`-m-j-n-s-â s-s-I-b-v-¡-p-w I-m-e-n-\-p-w s-h-t-«-ä-p. t-N-m-c h-mÀ-s-¶-m-g-p-I-n. t-]-m-e-o-k-v h-m-l-\-§Ä N-o-d-n-¸-m-ª-p. {-I-t-a-W A-h-s-â t-_-m-[-w a-d-ª-p.

t-_-m-[-w s-X-f-n-ª-t-¸-mÄ A-h³ B-i-p-]-{-X-n-¡-n-S-¡-b-nÂ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-S-p-¯-v a-p-¯-È-n-b-p-w F-Ã-m-hcpa-p-ï-v. A-h³ I-c-b-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-h-s-â s-s-I-b-n-e-p-w I-m-e-n-e-p-s-a-Ã-m-w _-m³-t-U-P-v B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-hÀ ]-g-b I-m-c-y-§Ä H-mÀ-s-¯-S-p-¡-p-h-m³ {-i-a-n-¨-p. ]-mÀ-«-n a-o-ä-n-w-K-p-w-, c-m-a-c-m-P-y-h-p-w-, t-\-X-m-h-n-s-â {-]-k-w-K-h-p-s-a-Ã-m-w A-h-s-â a-\-Ê-n-e-q-s-S I-S-¶-p-t-]-m-b-n.

k-p-`-m-j-v a-\-Ê-n-t-e-¡-v a-p-¯-È-n c-m-h-n-s-e h-m-b-n-¨ c-m-a-c-m-P-y-s-¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å h-c-n-IÄ H-g-p-I-n-s-b-¯-n.

t-\-X-m-h-n-s-â c-m-a-c-m-P-y-h-p-w c-m-a-m-b-W-¯-n-s-e c-m-a-c-m-P-y-h-p-w A-h-s-â a-\-Ê-n-e-q-s-S I-S-¶-p-t-]-m-b-n. A-h³ A-½-b-p-s-S-b-p-w a-p-¯-È-n-b-p-s-S-b-p-w \-n-d-ª a-n-g-n-I-f-n-t-e-¡-v t-\-m-¡-n. a-p-d-n-h-p-I-f-n-s-e t-h-Z-\ i-c-o-c-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w a-\-Ê-n-t-e-¡-p ]-SÀ-¶-t-¸-mÄ A-h-s-â I-®-p-IÄ \-n-d-ª-p-X-p-f-p-¼-n. A-h³ I-®-p-IÄ C-d-p-s-I A-S-¨-p-]-n-S-n-¨-p. A-t-¸-mÄ A-S-p-¯-p-Å G-t-X-m t-£-{-X-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w c-m-a-m-b-W-¯-n-s-e c-m-a-c-m-P-y-s-¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å i-o-e-p-IÄ H-g-p-I-n F-¯-p-¶-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

F-Ã-m-h-\-p-a-p-ï-m-\-p-I-¼ a-m-\-t-k\-Ã-s-X-m-g-n-s-ª-m-c-p N-n-´-b-n-Ã-mÀ-¡-p-t-at-\-m-¡-a-m-d-n-Ã-m-c-p-t-a ]-c-Z-m-ct-a-mÀ-¡-b-p-a-n-Ã ]-c-{-Z-h-y-a-m-c-p-t-aC-{-µ-n-b \-n-{-K-l-s-a-Ã-m-h-\-p-a-p-ï-v\-n-µ-b-p-a-n-Ã ]-c-k-v-]-c-a-mÀ-¡-p-t-a..

18 KGOU Bulletin

Ncn{Xw

N-c-¡-v t-k-h-\ \-n-I-p-X-n (P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n-) b-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-« B-t-e-m N-\-IÄ c-q-]-s-¸-«-X-p-w A-X-n-\-p-Å {-]-m- c-w-` {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä X-p-S-§-n-b-X-p-w cïm-bncm-a-m-ï-n-e-m-W-v. A-¶-s-¯ C³-U-y-b-p-s-S {-]-[-m-\ a-{-´-n B-b-n-c-p-¶ {-i-o. A-SÂ-_-n-l-m-c-n h-m-P-v-t-]-b-n C-X-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-«-v H-c-p F-w-]-t-hÀ-U-v I-½-n-ä-n c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p. \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b NÀ-¨-IÄ-, ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-b-nÂ h-c-p-t-¯-ï a-m-ä-§Ä-, \-n-b-a-§-f-p-s-S c-q-]-o-I-c-W-w-, N-«-§-f-p-s-S t-`-Z-K-X-n-IÄ X-p-S-§-n \-n-c-h-[-n I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-s-a-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v I-m-e-X-m-a-k-w t-\-c-n-«-p. 2004 a-p-XÂ 2014 h-s-c-b-p-Å t-U-m.a³-t-a-m-l³-k-n-§-n-s-â b-p.]-n.F.kÀ-¡-mÀ N-c-¡-v t-k-h-\-\-n-I-p-X-n-b-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-«-v X-p-SÀ NÀ-¨-I-f-p-a-m-b-n a-p-t-¶-m-«-v t-]-m-I-p-I-b-p-w-, k-m-[-c-W-¡-m-c-m-b C³-U-y³ P-\-X-b-p-s-S ]-p-t-c-m-K-X-n a-p-¶-nÂ I-ï-p-w-, h-n-e-¡-b-ä-w X-S-b-m-\-p-w-, ]-m-I-¯-nÂ P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³ {-i-a-w \-S-¯-n-s-b-¦-n-e-p-w-, c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b I-m-e-m-h-Ø A-\-p-I-q-e-a-Ã-m-¯-X-n-\-m-e-p-w-, {-]-X-n-]-£-I-£-n-I-f-p-s-S \-n-Ê-l-I-c-W-w a-q-e-h-p-w-, b-p.]-n.F kÀ-¡-m-c-n-\-v P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n. \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-h-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-m-s-X-t-]-m-b-n. 2000þÂ X-p-S-§-n-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \-n-ï 17 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p-t-i-j-w 2017 P-q-s-s-e 1 apXÂ Cu \nb-aw \-S-¸n-em-¡-¯-¡-hn-[-¯nÂ C³-U-y³ ]-mÀ-e-s-aâ-nÂ ]-m-k-m-¡-n.

P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n F-´-n-\-p-t-h-@-n

C³-U-y H-«-m-s-I-b-p-Å k-w-Ø-m-\-§-f-n-e-p-w-, t-I-{-µ-`-c-W {-]-t-Z-i-§-f-n-e-p-a-m-b-n t-I-{-µ-\-n-I-p-X-n-, k-w-Ø-m-\ \-n-I-p-X-n X-p-S-§-n h-n-h-n-[ DÂ-]-¶-§Ä-¡-p-w t-k-h-\-§Ä-¡-p-w B-b-n D-Å \-n-I-p-X-n-IÄ F-¶-n-§-s-\ B-s-I 500þÂ ]-c-w ]tcm£ \-n-I-p-X-n-IÄ B-W-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. "H-s-c-m-ä-c-m-P-y-w H-s-c-m-ä-\-n-I-p-X-n-' F-¶ B-i-b-¯-n-\-p-t-h-ï-n F-Ã-m-¯-c-w \-n-I-p-X-n-I-t-f-b-p-w G-I-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v

F. A‑_‑v‑Z‑pÂ l‑m‑c‑o‑k‑vk-w-Ø-m-\ s-s-h-k-v {-]-k-n-Uâ-v-

P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n-b-p-w C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-b-p-w

DÂ-]-¶-§-f-p-s-S h-n-e-I-p-d-b-p-I-t-b-m A-X-n-s-â t-\-«-w k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-n-t-e-¡-v G-¯-p-I-t-b-m s-N-b-v-X-n-Ã. \-n-b-a-w A-X-n-s-â A-´-x-k-¯-¡-v t-NÀ-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-¯-X-v a-q-e-h-p-w-, h-n-I-e-a-m-b- I-m-g-v-¨-¸-m-S-v a-q-e-h-p-w-, C-u \-n-b-a-¯n\v {-]-J-y-m-]-n-X e-£-y-¯-n-t-e-¡-v F-¯-n-t-¨-c-p-h-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-Ã F-¶-X-v H-c-p ]-c-a-mÀ-°-a-m-b-n \-½-p-s-S a-p-¶-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

s-N-b-v-X-X-v. DÂ-]-m-Z-\-N-n-e-h-v I-p-d-¨-p-w-, G-I-o-I-r-X-I-t-¼-m-f-w F-¶ B-i-b-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n-b-p-w k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-mÀ-¡-m-b-n s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶ C-u ]-c-n-j-v-I-m-c-w h-n-h-n-[ k-w-Ø-m-\ A-X-nÀ-¯-n-IÄ X-s-¶ C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-n. I-q-S-p-XÂ D-]-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ DÂ-]-¶-§Ä-¡-v I-p-d-ª-\-n-I-p-X-n \-n-c-¡-p-w-, I-p-d-¨-v D-]-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä D-Å DÂ-]-¶-§Ä-¡-v I-q-S-n-b- \-n-I-p-X-n \-n-c-¡-p-w GÀ-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-w F-¶-mÂ \-m-W-b-s-¸-c-p-¸-¯-n-e-p-w-, h-fÀ-¨-m-\-n-c-¡-n-e-p-a-p-Å A-]-I-S-m-h-Ø DÄ-s-¡-m-ï-p-w-, a-p-t-¶m-«-v \-o-§-n C³-U-y-b-p-s-S k-¼-Z-v-h-y-h-Ø I-m-¯-p-k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-h-m³ P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n \-S-¸-m-¡-n-b-X-n-e-q-s-S e-£-y-a-n-«-n-c-p-¶-p. \-n-I-p-X-n \-n-c-¡-n-e-p-w L-S-\-b-n-e-p-w D-ï-m-I-p-¶ H-m-t-c-m-a-m-ä-§-f-p-w t-\-c-n-t-«-m-, A-Ã-m-s-X-t-b-m I-q-S-p-XÂ _-m-[-n-¡-p-I k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-s-c-b-p-w H-¸-w

19KGOU Bulletin

t-\-c-n-«-v _-m-[-n-¡-p-I s-N-d-p-I-n-S-I-¨-h-S-¡-m-s-c-b-p-w-, t-k-h-\-Z-m-Z-m-¡-t-f-b-p-w B-W-v. I-mÀ-j-n-I DÂ-]-¶-§Ä-¡-v 0% \-n-I-p-X-n \-n-c-¡-p-w-, I-q-S-p-XÂ D-]-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä D-Å `-t-£-y-mÂ-]-¶-§Ä DÄ-¸-s-S 5% \-n-I-p-X-n \-n-c-¡-p-w GÀ-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-w k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-mÀ-¡-v K-p-W-^-e-w e-`-n-t-¡-ï-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ \-n-I-p-X-n-\-n-c-¡-p-IÄ 12%-, 18% F-¶-n-§-s-\ \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n-b-p-w s-]-t-{-S-m-f-n-b-w DÂ-]-¶-§Ä P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n-b-nÂ DÄ-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-w h-n-`-m-h-\-w s-N-b-v-X-n-c-p-s-¶-¦-nÂ F-Ã-m-h-n-`-m-K-w P-\-§Ä-¡-p-w K-p-W-^-e-w e-`-y-a-m-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n-b-p-s-S K-p-W-^-e-§Ä C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-b-nÂ

B-t-K-m-f k-¼-Z-v LS\ X-IÀ-¨-b-p-s-S h-¡-n-s-e-¯-n-b-t-¸-m-g-p-w ]-n-S-n-¨-p-\-n-¶ C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-s-b t-e-m-I-c-m-P-y-§Ä B-Ý-c-y-t-¯-m-s-S-b-m-W-v t-\-m-¡-n-I-ï-X-v. C-X-n-\-v I-m-c-W`-q-Xa-m-b-X-v C³-U-y³ \-m-j-WÂ-t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â Z-oÀ-L-h-o-£-W-a-p-Å k-m-¼-¯-n-I-\-b-§-f-p-w-, A-X-n-\-v N-p-¡-m³ ]-n-S-n-¨ t-U-m. a³-t-a-m-l³-k-n-§-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

b-Y-mÀ-°-¯-nÂ P-n.F-k-v.S-n \-n-b-a-w b-p.]-n.F. kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â k-r-j-v-S-n-X-s-¶ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ̂ -e-{-]-Z-a-m-b P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n \-n-b-a-w c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â k-m-¼-¯-n-I ]-p-t-c-m-K-X-n-b-p-s-S K-X-n-X-s-¶ a-m-ä-n-a-d-n-t-¨-s-\ F-¶-I-m-c-y-w XÀ-¡-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-v X-s-¶.

]-t-c-m-£-\-n-I-p-X-n-I-s-f-s-b-Ã-m-w e-b-n-¸-n-¨-v c-m-P-y-w a-p-g-p-h³ H-ä-\-n-I-p-X-n F-¶ B-i-b-¯-n-e-q-s-S N-c-¡-p-I-f-p-t-S-b-p-w t-k-h-\-§-f-p-t-S-b-p-w t-a-s-e t-I-{-µ-k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ N-p-a-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ \-n-I-p-X-n-I-s-f-s-b-Ã-m-w G-t-I-m-]-n-¸-n-¨-v H-ä \-n-I-p-X-n L-S-\-¡-v I-o-g-nÂ s-I-m-ï-v h-¶ \-½-p-s-S c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\ D-S-¨-v-h-mÀ-¡-p-¶ N-c-n-{-X {-]-[-m-\-a-m-b-X-p-w-, {-_-l-r-¯-m-b-X-p-a-m-b H-c-p \-n-b-a-w h-¶-X-n-e-q-s-S \-n-c-h-[-n e-£-y-§-f-m-W-v D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

1. h-n-h-n-[ X-e-¯-n-e-p-Å ]-t-c-m-£-\-n-I-p-X-n-I-f-m-b VAT, CST, Service Tax, CAD, SAD, Excise F-¶-n-h-s-b-Ã-m-w ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n H-g-n-h-m-¡-s-¸-«-p.

2. \-n-I-p-X-n-L-S-\ F-Ã-m-h-s-c-b-p-w B-IÀ-j-n-¡-¯-¡ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ e-f-n-X-a-m-¡-n.

3. C-c-« \-n-I-p-X-n ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w H-g-n-h-m-¡-n

4. \-nÀ-½-m-W N-n-e-h-v I-p-d-¡-p-¶ X-c-¯-nÂ \-nÀ-½-m-W-§Ä-¡-v t-aÂ N-p-a-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ h-n-h-n-[ \-n-I-p-X-n-IÄ G-I-o-I-c-n-¨-X-v a-q-e-w C-u t-a-J-e-b-n-s-e D-Z-v-]-m-Z-\-N-n-e-h-v

I-p-d-b-p-I-b-p-w D-]-t-`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-v I-p-d-ª h-n-e-¡-v k-m-[-\-§Ä e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-I.

5. a-p³-I-m-e-§-f-nÂ D-bÀ-¶ h-n-e-¡-v h-m-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶ DÂ-]-¶-§-f-p-s-S h-n-e h-n-]-W-n-b-nÂ I-p-d-b-p-I-b-p-w s-]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-v C-X-n-s-â {-]-t-b-m-P-\-w e-`-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w h-g-n DÂ-]-¶-§-f-p-s-S B-h-i-y-I-X hÀ-²-n-¡-p-¶p.

6. C-X-v DÂ-]-m-Z-\-t-a-J-e-s-b ]-c-n-t-]-m-j-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-X-m-g-nÂ A-h-k-c-§Ä hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-w.

7. X-m-s-g-X-«-nÂ ]-W-e-`-y-X D-d-¸-p h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w I-Å-¸-W-¯-n-s-â h-n-\-n-a-b-w I-p-d-b-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-w.

8. Z-oÀ-L-I-m-e-m-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ \-½-p-s-S k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\ h-fÀ-¶-p-s-I-m-t-ï-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. k-z-m-X-{-´-y-m-\-´-c ̀ -m-c-¯-n-s-e G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b ]-t-c-m-£-\-n-I-p-X-n ]-c-n-j-v-I-m-c-§-f-nÂ H-¶-m-b N-c-¡-v t-k-h-\ \-n-I-p-X-n-\-n-b-a-w C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-s-b a-p-I-f-nÂ ]-c-m-aÀ-i-n-¨ h-n-j-b-§-f-n-e-q-s-S D-¶-X-§-f-nÂ F-¯-n-t-¡-ï-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n \-n-b-a-w t-]-m-c-m-b-v-a-IÄ

\-½-p-s-S c-m-P-y-¯-v b-m-s-X-m-c-p a-p-s-¶-m-c-p-¡-h-p-w-, ]T-\-h-p-w C-Ã-m-s-X A-\-m-h-i-y-X-n-S-p-¡-t-¯-m-s-S \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n. C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-s-b k-m-c-a-m-b-n _-m-[-n-¨-p F-¶-p-X-s-¶ t-h-W-w I-c-p-X-m³. P-n.F-Ê-v.S-n \-n-c-¡-p-I-f-nÂ G-I-o-I-r-X-k-z-`-m-h-w C-Ã-m-¯-X-n-\-mÂ C³-U-y³ k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\-b-p-s-S h-fÀ-¨-s-b X-s-¶ A-X-v _-m-[-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

DÂ-]-¶-§-f-p-s-S h-n-e-I-p-d-b-p-I-t-b-m A-X-n-s-â t-\-«-w k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-n-t-e-¡-v G-¯-p-I-t-b-m s-N-b-v-X-n-Ã. \-n-b-a-w A-X-n-s-â A-´-x-k-¯-¡-v t-NÀ-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-¯-X-v a-q-e-h-p-w-, h-n-I-e-a-m-b I-m-g-v-¨-¸-m-S-v a-q-e-h-p-w-, C-u \-n-b-a-¯n\v {-]-J-y-m-]-n-X e-£-y-¯-n-t-e-¡-v F-¯-n-t-¨-c-p-h-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-Ã F-¶-X-v H-c-p ]-c-a-mÀ-°-a-m-b-n \-½-p-s-S a-p-¶-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. c-m-P-y-¯-n-s-â k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-fÀ-¨-m-\-n-c-¡-v I-p-¯-s-\ C-S-n-ª-p. s-X-m-g-n-e-n-Ã-m-b-v-a c-q-£-a-m-b-n \ne\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. P-n.F-k-v.S-n. \-n-c-¡-v G-I-o-I-c-n-¨-v s-]-t-{-S-m-f-n-b-w DÄ-¸-¶-§Ä I-q-S-n \-n-b-a-¯-n-\-v I-o-g-nÂ s-I-m-ï-v h-¶-v A-k-m-a-m-\-y-a-m-b h-n-e-¡-b-ä-w \-n-b-{-´-n-¨-v D-Z-v-]-m-Z-\ t-a-J-e-s-b ]-c-n-t-]-m-j-n-¸-n-¨-v D-X-v-]-¶-§-f-p-s-S B-h-i-y-I-X hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¨-v k-¼-Z-v-L-S-\ N-e-\-m-ß-I-a-m-¡-m³ D-X-I-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-IÄ B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-t-¡-ï-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

20 KGOU Bulletin

DÕh \Kcnbnse sI.Pn.H.bp kt½f\w

2020 P-\-p-h-c-n 10, 11, 12 X-n-¿-X-n-I-f-nÂ s-I I-c-p-W-m-I-c³ k-v-a-m-c-I S-u¬l-m-f-nÂ \-S-¶ 34þ-m-w k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-w H-c-p ]-q-c-w X-s-¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-t-½-f-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v Z-n-h-k-§Ä-¡-v a-p³-t-] h-S-¡-p-w-\-m-Y-\-v N-p-ä-p-w Z-o-]-m-ewIr-X]-m-X-b-nÂ s-I.P-n.H.b-p ]-X-m-IIÄ {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-s-f k-z-m-K-X-w s-N-b-v-X-p-s-I-m-ï-v ]-m-d-n ]-d-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. \-K-c-¯-n-s-â H-t-c-m a-p-¡-n-e-p-w a-p-e-b-n-e-p-w {-]-I-r-X-n-t-b-m-S-v C-W-§-nt-N-c-p-¶ t-_-mÀ-U-p-IÄ, I-a-m-\-§Ä F¶nh

hn.Fw. ssj³k-w-Ø-m-\ sk{I«dn

k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â {-]-u-V--n h-n-f-n-t-¨-m-X-n. t-I-c-f-w I-ï c-m-{-ã-n-b `-o-j-v-a-m-N-m-c-y³ s-I. I-c-p-W-m-I-c-s-â ]-qÀ-®-I-m-b {-]-X-n-a-t-b-m-S-v t-NÀ-¶ s-I-m-S-n-a-c-¯-nÂ c-P-X hÀ-W-¯-nÂ s-I.P-n.H.b-p. B-t-e-J-\-w s-N-b-v-X ]-X-m-I k-w-Ø-m-\ {-]-k-n-U-ï-v K-m-Ô-n s-X-m-¸-n [-c-n-¨ 101 s-I.P-n.H.b-p k-a-c-`-S³-a-m-c-p-s-S k-m-\-n-[-y-¯-nÂ D-bÀ-¯-n-t-b-m-s-S k-w-Ø-m-\ k-t-½-f-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¨-p.

k-t-½-f-\-§-f-p-w I-y-m-¼-p-I-f-p-w C-¶-v i-o-X-n-I-c-n-¨ a-p-

d-n-I-f-n-t-e-¡-p-w l-m-f-p-I-f-n-t-e-¡-p-w a-m-d-p-¶ C-u I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ c-m-Ps-]-c-p-a-b-p-s-S ]-g-a h-n-f-n-t-¨-m-X-p-¶ a-c-¯-n-s-â I-t-k-cI-f-p-w K-r-l-m-X-p-c-X-z-¯-n-s-â H-mÀ-½-IÄ h-n-f-n-t-¨-m-X-p-¶ h-mÄ ̂ -m-\-p-I-f-p-w s-\-ä-n ]-«-w s-I-«-n-b t-h-Z-n-b-p-w X-r-i-q-c-n-s-e k-t-½-f-\-w h-y-X-k-v-X-a-m-¡-n C-u a-m-ä-w {-]-I-r-X-n t-]-m-e-p-w k-z-m-K-X-w s-N-¿-v-X-p-t-h-m ]-m-e-¡-m-S³ N-p-c-w I-S-¶-v h-¶-n-c-p-¶ I-m-ä-v l-m-f-n-\-p-Å-n-e-p-s-S I-S-¶-v t-]-m-b-t-¸-mÄ I-r-{-X-n-a i-o-X-n-I-c-W-s-¯ k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-S-b-nÂ \-½Ä a-d-¶-p.

k-t-½-f-\ {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-s-f k-z-m-K-X-w s-N-b-v-X-v s-I-m-ï-v s-]-c-p-h-m-\-w h-n-\-p ]-c-t-a-i-z-c-a-m-c-mÀ H-c-p-¡-n-b ]-©-h-m-Z-y-h-p-w, {-]-t-a-m-Z-v \-m-b-c-p-s-S X-r-i-qÀ B-c-y-m-k-v H-c-p-¡-n-b \-m-S³ `-£-WwsIm-ïpw [-\yamb X-r-i-qÀ k-t-½-f-\-w C-¶-p-w a-\-k-nÂ s-I-S-m-s-X \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

21KGOU Bulletin

{-_-n-«-o-jp-I-m-c-p-s-S- t-\-c-n-«-p-Å ̀ -c-W-¯-n-\-v I-o-g-n-e-p-Å {-]-t-Z-i-a-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ X-n-c-p-h-n-X-m-w-I-qÀ s-I-m-¨-n \-m-«-p c-m-P-y-§-s-f A-t-]-£-n-¨-p a-e-_-m-d-nÂ t-Z-i-o-b {-]-Ø-m-\-w t-\-s-c-s-¯ X-s-¶ t-h-c-p-d-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. a-Z-n-c-m-i-n k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-n-s-â ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶- a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-b-n-s-e G-d-\-m-«-n-s-e- {-]-a-p-J ]-«-W-a-m-b a-t-©-c-n-b-nÂh¨v \-S-¶ A-©-m-a-X-p-w A-h-k-m-\-t¯-X-p-a-m-b a-e-_-mÀP-n-Ã t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- I-½-ä-n-b-p-s-S k-t-½-f-\-w \-S-¶-n-«-v 2020 G-{-]-nÂ 28 \-v \-q-d-p hÀ-j-w ]-n-¶-n-«-p.

B-Z-y-I-m-e-¯-v t-l-m-w d-qÄ e-o-K-p-w C-´-y³ \-m-j-WÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-p-w H-c-p-a-n-¨-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-e-_-m-d-nÂ {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. a-t-©-c-n c-m-a-¿À B-b-n-c-p-¶-p t-l-m-wd-qÄ e-o-K-n-s-â- a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m {-]-k-n-Uâ-v--. a-m-X-r-`-q-a-n ]-{-X-¯-n-s-â Ø-m-]-I ]-{-X-m-[-n-]-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶ s-I. ]-n t-I-i-h-t-a-t-\-m³ H-t-ck-a-b-w- a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â-b-p-w t-l-m-wd-qÄ e-o-K-n-s-â-b-p-w s-k-{-I-«-d-n ]-Z-w A-e-¦-c-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. t-l-m-wd-qÄ {-]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-s-â A-[-y-£ B-\-n _-kâ-v a-p-XÂ- s-I.]-n t-I-i-h-t-a-t-\-m³, -a-m-X-r-`-q-a-n ]-{-X-¯-n-s-â {-]-Y-a a-m-t-\-P-n-M-v U-b-d-Î-d-p-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v t-I-c-f s-{-]-m-h-n³-j-yÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- I-½-ä-n-b-p-s-S B-Z-y P-\-dÂ s-k-{-I-«-d-n-b-p-a-m-b a-t-©-c-n k-z-t-Z-i-n s-I. a-m-[-h³ \-m-bÀ-, a-t-©-c-n c-m-a-¿À-, I-«-n-e-t-È-c-n a-p-l-½-Z-v a-p-k-v--e-n-b-mÀ-, F-w ]-n \-m-c-m-b-W-t-a-t-\-m³ X-p-S-§-n {-]-a-p-J-c-p-w \-n-c-h-[-n- k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-p-w ]-s-¦-S-p-¯- a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v k-t-½-f-\-a-m-W-v G-d-\-m-S-n-s-â k-n-c-m-t-I-{-µ-a-m-b a-t-©-c-n-s-b k-z-m-X-{-´y k-a-c N-c-n-{-X-¯-nÂ {-i-t-²-b-a-m-¡-n-b-X-v. A-`-n-{-]-m-b-h-y-X-y-m-k-w I-m-c-W-w B-\-n-_-k³-d-v C-d-§-n-t-¸-m-b-X-m-W-v k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â a-s-ä-m-c-p N-c-n-{-X-{-]-m-[-m-\-y-w.

\-n-e-¼-qÀ a-m-\-t-h-Z³ c-m-P-b-p-s-S {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-b-m-b-n t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â h-S-I-c k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯ A-N-y-p-X-t-a-t-\-m\mWv- A-S-p-¯ k-t-½-f-\-w G-d-\-m-S-v-, h-Å-p-h-\-m-S-v X-m-e-q-¡-v-I-p-I-f-nÂ F-h-n-s-S-s-b-¦-n-e-p-w h-¨-v \-S-¯-W-w F-¶-v A-`-n-{-]-m-b-s-¸-«-Xv. \-n-e-¼-qÀ c-m-P-b-p-s-S \-nÀ-t-±-i-{-]-I-m-c-w- a-t-©-c-n-s-b- k-t-½-f-\ \-K-c-n-b-m-b-n X-n-c-s-ª-S-p-¯-p. a-t-©-c-n-s-]-m-X-p-P-\ h-m-b-\-i-m-e-b-nÂ I-q-S-n-b- k-z-m-K-X k-w-L t-b-m-K-w s-I.a-m-[-h³-\-m-bÀ. F-w.]-n.\-m-c-m-b-W t-a-t-\-m³-, I-«-n-e-t-È-c-n a-p-l-½-Z-v a-p-k-e-y-mÀ F-¶-n-hÀ-¡-p k-t-½-f-\ \-S-¯-n-¸-n-s-â a-p-J-y N-p-a-X-e \Â-I-n. a-e-_-m-d-n-s-e a-m-¸-n-f-a-m-c-pÄs-¸-s-S-b-p-Å k-m-[-m-c-W- P-\-§-f-p-w ]-m-«-I-p-S-n-b-·-m-c-p-w t-Z-i-o-b {-]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-t-e-¡-v h-e-n-b-t-X-m-X-nÂ B-IÀ-j-n-¡-s-]-«-X-v a-t-©-c-n-b-nÂ \-S-¶ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- k-t-½-f-\-t-¯-m-s-S-b-m-W-v. A-X-v h-s-c-b-p-Å k-t-½-f-\-§-f-nÂ P-·-n-a-m-c-p-w {-]-a-m-W-n-a-m-c-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ]-s-¦-S-p-¯-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-¶-s-¯ K-h-s-×â-v t-_-m-b-v-k-v k--v-I-qÄ {-K-u-ï-nÂ B-b-n-c-¡-W-¡-n-\-v {-]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯ a-l-m-k-t-½-f-\-w- a-t-©-c-n t-I-m¬-^-d³-k-v k-` F-¶-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s-¸-S-p-¶-X-v-

G-{-]-nÂ 28þ-\-v c-m-h-n-s-e U-n-k-v-{-S-n-I-v t-_-mÀ-U-v a-n-U-nÂ k--v-I-qÄ l-m-f-nÂ (C-¶-s-¯ K-h-s-×â-v- t-_-m-b-v-k-v s-s-l-k--v-I-qÄ-) X-n-t-b-m-k-^-n-¡Â s-^-U-t-d-j-s-â a-e-_-mÀ i-m-J B-\-n _-kâ-v D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w -s-N-b-v-X-p.

"Z l-n-µ-p'h-n-s-â ]-{-X-m-[-n-]-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶ I-k-v-X-p-c-n c-w-K-A-¿-¦-mÀ A-[-y-£-X h-l-n-¨ A-©ma-Xv a-e-_mÀ PnÃm k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ \-n-e-¼-qÀ c-m-P-b-m-W-v- k-z-m-K-X-w B-i-w-k-n-¨-X-v-. C-´-y³ c-m-{-ã-o-b-w G-s-d {-]-£-p-Ï-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ I-m-e-L-«-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-X-v. P-m-e-n-b³ h-m-e-m-_-m-K-v I-q-«-s-¡-m-e-, s-s-h-t-{-k-m-b-n-b-p-s-S F-I--v-k-n-I-y-p-«-o-h-v I-u¬-k-n-e-nÂ-\-n-¶-v a-e-b-m-f-n-b-p-w t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v a-p³ {-]-k-n-Uâ-p-a-m-b kÀ. k-n. i-¦-c³-\-m-b-c-p-s-S c-m-P-n-, ]-Þ-n-ä-v a-Z³ t-a-m-l³ a-m-f-h-y-, a-p-l-½-Z-e-n P-n-¶-, a-i-v-d-qÄ l-¡-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h-c-p-s-S k-m-{-a-m-P-y-k-`-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-Å c-m-P-n-, a-l-m-I-h-n c-h-o-{-µ-\-m-Y-v S-m-t-K-mÀ-, {-]-i-k-v-X i-m-k-v-{-X-Ú-\-m-b P-K-Z-o-i-v N-{-µ-t-_-m-k-v F-¶-n-h-c-p-s-S "kÀ-' Ø-m-\-w X-n-c-n-t-¨Â-¸-n-¡Â-, C-´-y-m s-k-{-I-«-d-n

\-q-ä-m@-v ]-n-¶-n-« a-e-_-mÀ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- k-t-½-f-\-w: H-c-p ]-p-\À-h-n-h-c-W-w-

kn. {_n‑tPjvPnÃm {]-knUâ v, ae¸pdw

P-·n-¯w C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-I F-¶-Xv C-´y³ \m-j-WÂ tIm¬-{K-kn-sâ- H-cp- A-P-@bm-¡n a-än-b-Xn-\v a-t©-cn k-t½-f-\-¯n-\v h-en-b ]-¦p-@v. 1945 se tIm¬-{K-kv-- hÀ-¡n-Mv I-½-än P-·n-¯w A-h-km-\n-¸n- ¡-Ww F-¶v ip-]mÀ-i-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-@p-Å {]-ta-bw sIm-@p-h-¶p.

POLITICAL CHRONICLE

22 KGOU Bulletin

t-a-m-t-ï-K-p-w s-s-h-t-{-k-m-b-n s-N-w-k-v-t-^-mÀ-U-p-w B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-¨ ]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-b A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-s-\-X-n-t-c-b-p-Å {-]-X-n-t-j-[-w-, P-\-h-n-I-m-c-§-s-f A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-n-s-¡-m-ï-p-Å d-u-e-Î-v B-Î-n-s-\-X-n-t-c D-bÀ-¶ k-a-c-§Ä-, {-_-n-«-o-j-v kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-e-w-L-\-¯-n-s-\-X-n-t-c a-p-kve-n-w k-a-p-Z-m-b-¯-n-s-â J-n-e-m-^-¯-v- {-]-X-n-t-j-[-w-, A-X-n-s-\-m-¸-w D-c-p-¯-n-c-n-ª-p-h-¶- l-n-µ-p-þ-a-p-É-n-w s-F-I-y-w. F-¶-o- ]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-n-e-m-W-v a-t-©-c-n-b-nÂ 1920 G-{-]-nÂ 28þ-\-v a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-w \-S-¶-X-v. C-´-y³ c-m-{-ã-o-b-¯-n-t-e-¡-p-Å a-l-m-ßm-K-m-Ô-n-b-p-s-S c-w-K {-]-t-h-i-\-h-p-w C-u I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-p-w H-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I-X B-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

{-_-n-«-o-j-v kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s-â ]-p-X-n-b ̀ -c-W-]-c-n-j-v-I-m-c-§-s-f A-\-p-I-q-e-n-¡-p-¶ t-l-m-w-d-qÄ ]-£-¡-m-c-p-w F-X-nÀ-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-w X-½-n-e-p-Å a-Õ-c-t-h-Z-n-I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n- k-t-½-f-\-w a-m-d-n.G-{-]-nÂ- 29-\-p c-m-h-n-s-e-, s-a-m-t-ï-K-p s-N-w-k-v t-^-mÀ-U-v ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w-, P-·-n I-p-S-n-b-m³ {-]-i-v-\-w-, J-n-e-m-^-m-¯-v F-¶-o a-q-¶-p {-]-t-a-b-§Ä s-I ]-n c-m-a³ t-a-t-\-m³ A-h-X-c-n-]-n-¨-t-¸-mÄ B-\-n _-k â-p-w- P-·-n-a-m-c-p-w F-X-nÀ-¯-p. t-h-m-s-«-S-p-¸-n-e-q-s-S- a-q-¶-v {-]-t-a-b-§-f-p-w- h-¼-n-¨ ̀ -q-c-n-] -£-t-¯-m-s-S ]-m-k-m-¡-n. A-t-X-m-s-S B-\-n-_-kâ-p-w, A-h-c-p-s-S A-\-p-b-m-b-n-I-f-p-w, P-·-n-a-m-c-p-w k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-v C-d-§-n-t-¸-m-b-n. H-cÀ-°-¯-nÂ- C-´-y³ c-m-{-ã-o-b-c-w-K-¯-p-\-n-¶-p-X-s-¶-b-p-Å B-\-n-_-kâ-n-s-â- X-n-t-c-m-[-m-\-¯-n-\-v B k-w-`-h-w I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n.

a-e-_-m-d-nÂ H-c-p t-I-m-f-P-v-, \-nÀ-_-Ô h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w-, a-t-©-c-n-b-nÂ s-s-l-k--v-I-qÄ-, a-e-_-m-d-n-s-â s-d-b-nÂ-t-h h-n-I-k-\-w-, _-m-e-t-h-e \-nÀ-¯-e-m-¡Â F-¶-n-h-b-nÂ-I-q-S-n- X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w F-S-p-¯-m-W-v k-t-½-f-\-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¨-X-v. t-I-c-f-¯-nÂ h-n-t-i-j-n-¨-p G-d-\-m-«-n-e-p-w-, h-Å-p-h-\-m-«-n-e-p-w J-n-e-m-^-¯-v k-a-c-¯-n-\-p-w t-Z-i-o-b-{-]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-\-p-w D-uÀ-Ö-a-m-b-X-v- a-t-©-c-n-b-n-s-e a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m c-m-{-ã-o-b-k-t-½-f-\-w B-s-W-¶-v ]-d-b-m-w. P-·-n-¯-w C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v C-´-y³ \-m-j-WÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â- H-c-p- A-P-ï-b-m-¡-n a-ä-n-b-X-n-\-v a-t-©-c-n k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-\-v h-e-n-b ]-¦-p-ï-v. 1945 s-e t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- hÀ-¡-n-M-v I-½-ä-n P-·-n-¯-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-W-w F-¶-v i-p-]-mÀ-i-s-N-b-v-X-p-s-I-m-ï-p-Å {-]-t-a-b-w s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. `-q-h-p-S-a-Ø-m-h-I-m-i-w ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n s-P.k-n I-p-a-m-c-¸-s-b B-[-y-£-\-m-¡-n H-c-p I-½-ä-n-s-b- ]-Þ-n-ä-v-- P-h-m-lÀ-e-mÂ s-\-l-v--d-p \-n-t-b-m-K-n-¨-p. `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w F-¶-X-v ]-©-h-Õ-c ]-²-X-n-b-p-s-S `-m-K-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-n. X-n-c-p-h-n-X-m-w-I-qÀ s-I-m-¨-n k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-p {-i-o ]-«-w X-m-W-p-]-n-Å b-p-s-S t-\-X-r-

X-z-¯-nÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- ]-n-´-p-W-t-b-m-s-S- A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-t-e-d-n-b {-]-P-m t-k-m-j-y-e-n-Ì-v K-h-s-×â-p-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v t-I-c-f k-w-Ø-m-\-w c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-t-¸-mÄ _-m-e-ä-v t-]-¸-d-n-e-q-s-S t-e-m-I-¯-p-X-s-¶ B-Z-y-w A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-t-e-d-n-b k-J-m-h-v C- F-w F-k-v- \-¼-q-X-n-c-n-¸-m-S-n-s-â t-\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-e-p-Å I-½-y-q-W-n-Ì-v-- kÀ-¡-m-c-p-w, X-p-SÀ-¶-v h-¶ kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\-X-v ̀ -q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-¯-n-\-v {-i-a-w X-p-S-§-n. t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- ]-n-´-p-W-t-b-m-s-S A-[-n-I-m-c-w G-s-ä-S-p-¯ A-N-y-p-X-t-a-t-\-m³ a-{-´-n k-`- 1970 P-\-p-h-c-n H-¶-n-\-v t-I-c-f `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W \-n-b-a-w {-]-m-hÀ-¯-n-I-a-m-¡-n-. B-b-X-n-s-â A³-]-X-m-w h-mÀ-j-n-I-w- 2020 P-\-p-h-c-n H-¶-n-\-v k-w-Ø-m-\ K-h-s-×â-v k-a-p-N-n-X-a-m-b-n s-I-m-ï-m-S-n. t-I-c-f ̀ -q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W \-n-b-a-s-¯ t-I-m-S-X-n h-y-h-l-m-c-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w k-w-c-£-W-w \Â-I-m³ ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-b-p-s-S- H³-]-X-m-w s-j-U-y-q-f-nÂ DÄ-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b A-¶-s-¯ t-I-{-µ K-h-s-×â-v \-S-]-S-n h-n-k-v-a-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã.

t-N-d-p-a-W-¡-p-¶ a-m-¸-n-f-a-mÀ k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-v a-t-©-c-n k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w C-d-§-n-t-]-m-b-hÀ ]-n-¶-o-S-v t-c-J-s-]-S-p-¯-n-b-X-m-b-n ]-d-b-s-¸-S-p-¶-p. a-p-É-n-we-o-K-nâ P-\-dÂ s-k-{-I-«-d-n ]-t-c-X-\-m-b s-I-m-c-¼-b-nÂ A-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n-b-p-s-S _-Ô-p-I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ a-s-ä-m-c-p s-I-m-c-¼-b-nÂ A-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n ]-X-n-\-©-p c-q-] -c-P-n-k-v-t-{-S-j³ ̂ -o-k-v \Â-I-n X-s-â k-t-l-m-Z-c³ s-a-m-b-v--X-o-\-p-s-a-m-¯-p k-t-½-f-\-¯-nÂ ]-s-¦-S-p-¯-X-ns-\-I-p-d-n-¨-p t-c-J-s-¸-S-p-¯-n-b U-b-d-n-I-p-d-n-¸-p-I-f-nÂ a-t-©-c-n k-t-½-f-\-¯-n-s-â {-X-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ H-mÀ-½-IÄ- C-t-¸-m-g-p-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. sIm-c-¼-bnÂ A-l-½-Zv lm-Pn 1927Â A-´-cn¨p. At±-l-¯nsâ U-b-d-n _-Ô-p A-U-z-t-¡-ä-v l-m-c-n-k-v _-m-_-p-h-n-s-â s-s-I-I-f-nÂ C-¶-p-w `-{-Z-a-m-b-p-ï-v. I-m-e-n-¡-ä-v kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e-b-n-s-e N-c-n-{-X h-n-`-m-K-w s-{-]-m-^-kÀ ]-n. i-n-h-Z-m-k³- B U-b-d-n-¡-p-d-n-¸-p-IÄ- ]T-\ h-n-t-[-b-a-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

H-¶-m-a-s-¯ a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m k-t-½-f-\-w tUm. B-\n-_-kân-sâ A-[y-£-X-bnÂ 1916 G-{-]-n-Â a-m-k-w ]-m-e-¡-m-«-p-w, c-ï-m-a-t-¯-X-v 1917 G-{-]-n-Â a-m-k-w ]nÂ-¡me-¯v Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ Zn-hm-\m-bn-cp¶ kÀ kn.]n.cm-a-kzm-an A-¿-cp-sS A-[y-£-X-bnÂ t-I-m-g-n-t-¡-m-«-p-w, a-q-¶-m-a-t-¯-X-v 1918 t-a-b-v a-m-k-w- anÀ B-km-Zv A-en-Jm³ _-lm-Zq-dn-sâ A-[y-£-X-bnÂ X-e-t-È-c-n-b-n-e-p-w, \-m-e-m-a-t-¯-X-v 1919 t-a-b-v a-m-k-w- sI.]n. cm-ata-t\m-sâ A-[y-£-X-bnÂ h-S-I-c-b-n-e-p-w, A-©-m-a-t-¯-X-v 1920 G-{-]-n-Â a-m-k-w- a-t-©-c-n-b-n-e-p-a-m-W-v \-S-¶-X-v. A-t-X-m-s-S a-e-_-mÀ P-n-Ã-m t-I-m¬-^-d³-k-p-IÄ A-h-k-m-\-n-¨-p. 1920 U-n-k-w-_-d-nÂ \-m-K-v-]-q-c-nÂ h-¨-p \-S-¶ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-n-s-â k-¼-qÀ-W k-t-½-f-\- X-o-c-p-a-m-\{-]-I-m-c-w- `-m-j A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ s-{-]-m-h-n³-j-yÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- I-½-ä-n-IÄ- c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p. AX-n³{-]-I-m-c-w a-e-_-mÀ-, s-I-m-¨-n-, X-n-c-p-h-n-X-m-w-I-qÀ {-]-t-Z-i-§Ä I-q-«-n-t-¨À-¯-v "t-I-c-f s-{-]-m-h-n³-j-yÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v I-½-n-ä-n-' \-n-e-h-nÂ-h-¶-p.

1921 G-{-]-nÂ 23 a-p-XÂ 27 h-s-c- H-ä-¸-m-e-¯-v ̀ -m-c-X-¸-p-g-b-p-s-S X-o-c-¯-v h-¨mWv s-I-]-n-k-n-k-n (t-I-c-f s-{-]-m-h-n³-jÂ t-I-m¬-{-K-k-v-- I-½-ä-n-)b-p-s-S- {-]-Y-a k-t-½-f-\-w \-S-¶Xv. 2021 G-{]nÂ am-kw sI.]n.kn.kn-bp-sS \qdmw P-·-hmÀ-jn-I-¯n-\v Xp-S-¡w Ip-dn-¡pw.

B\n-_kâv sI. am-[-h³ \mbÀ sI.]n. tI-i-h ta-t\m³

23KGOU Bulletin

N-n-´-m-]-c-a-m-b-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-a-m-b-p-w k-z-b-w i-m-à-o-I-c-n-¡-s-¸-S-p-¶ k-v-{-X-o-I-f-n-e-q-s-S a-m-{-X-t-a c-m-{-ã-o-b k-´-p-e-\-h-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c k-a-X-z-h-p-w s-s-I-h-c-n-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-p-s-h-¶-X-v N-c-n-{-X-]-c-a-m-b b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-W-v. A-[-n-I-m-c-]-Z-h-n-b-n-t-e-¡-v k-v-{-X-o-IÄ F-¯-n-t-¨-c-p-¶-X-n-\-v h-n-L-m-X-a-m-b-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v \-½-p-s-S k-m-a-q-l-y-t-_-m-[-¯-n-s-e {-]-i-v-\-a-m-s-W-¶-v I-m-W-m-w.

k-v-{-X-o-i-m-à-o-I-c-W-s-a-¶ h-n-j-b-w c-m-{-ã-o-b {-]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-s-â ̀ -m-K-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-h-m³ a-l-m-ß-m-K-m-Ô-n DÄ-s-¸-s-S-b-p-Å t-Z-i-o-b t-\-X-m-¡Ä h-n-`-m-h-\-w s-N-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. k-v-{-X-o-IÄ-¡-v A-h-c-p-s-S B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w D-bÀ-¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-v IÀ-½-t-a-J-e-b-nÂ h-y-m-]-c-n-¨-v k-m-¼-¯-n-I i-m-à-o-I-c-W-w D-d-¸-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w D-ï-m-¡-W-s-a-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p K-m-Ô-n-P-n-b-p-s-S e-£-y-w. k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S X-p-e-y-X-s-b-¶ e-£-y-w a-p³-\-nÀ-¯-n ]-Þ-n-ä-v P-h-lÀ-e-mÂ s-\-l-v-d-p h-n-h-n-[ ]-²-X-n-IÄ-¡-v c-q-]-w \Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. `-c-W-L-S-\-m i-n-e-v-]-n t-U-m. A-w-t-_-Z-v-IÀ-, k-v-{-X-o-IÄ k-z-b-w A-´-Ê-p-w B-Z-c-h-p-w t-\-S-W-s-a-¶-v N-n-´-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v {-]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-m

e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-w þ X-p-e-y-\-o-X-n D-S-¨-p-h-mÀ-t-¡@- k-m-a-q-l-y-t-_-m-[-w

\-nÀ-½-m-W-t-h-f-b-nÂ k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S t-£-a-¯-n-\-p-t-h-ï-n-b-p-Å N-«-§Ä-¡-p-t-h-ï-n \-n-e-b-p-d-¸-n-¨-h-c-nÂ {-]-[-m-\-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-w-t-_-Z-v-IÀ. C-´-y-b³ `-c-W-L-S-\-b-n-s-e BÀ-«-n-¡-nÄ 14þ16 N-«-§Ä c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-X-v C-u e-£-y-w s-h-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

\-n-c-h-[-n h-\-n-X-IÄ c-m-{-ã-o-b-þ-`-c-W D-t-Z-y-m-K-Ø X-e-§-f-nÂ C-X-n-\-I-w a-n-I-h-v s-X-f-n-b-n-¨-n-«-p-s-ï-¦-n-e-p-w F-Ã-m t-a-J-e-b-n-e-p-w e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-w F-¶-X-v F-¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯-{-X-b-p-w D-b-c-¯-n-e-m-W-v.

k-a-q-l-¯-n-s-â a-t-\-m-`-m-h-w X-s-¶-b-m-W-v C-X-n-\-v X-S-Ê-w \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v. ]-mÀ-e-s-aâ-nÂ h-\-n-X-m k-w-h-c-W _-nÂ s-I-m-ï-p-h-¶-mÂ a-m-ä-m-h-p-¶-X-Ã C-u a-t-\-m-`-m-h-w. e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-w X-p-S-t-§-ï-X-v h-o-«-I-§-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-m-W-v. ]-p-t-c-m-K-a-\-h-p-w e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-h-p-s-a-m-s-¡ {-]-k-w-K-n-¨-p-\-S-¡-p-¶ ]-p-c-p-j-·-mÀ t-]-m-e-p-w h-o-S-n-\-I-¯-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-w e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-¯-n-\-v {-]--m-[-m-\-y-w \Â-I-m-d-n-Ã s-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w. k-v-{-X-o X-e-s-b-S-p-t-¸-m-s-S I-g-n-h-v s-X-f-n-b-n-¨-v I-c-p-t-¯-m-s-S a-p³-\-n-c-b-n-t-e-¡-v h-c-p-¶-X-v B-ß-mÀ-°-X-t-b-m-s-S DÄ-s-¡-m-Å-m³ ]-p-c-p-j-k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã. A-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å A-h-f-p-s-S I-S-¶-p-h-c-h-v ]-p-c-p-j-t-e-m-I-w ̀ -b-s-¸-S-p-¶-p-ï-v. k-v-{-X-o-b-p-

24 KGOU Bulletin

_-o-\ ]-q-Æ-¯-nÂk-w-Ø-m-\ s-k-{-I-«-d-n

s-S \-n-e-v-]-v G-X-v c-w-K-¯-m-b-m-e-p-w ]-p-c-p-j-s-â ]-n-d-I-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-s-a-¶-p-Å N-n-´ ]-p-c-p-j a-\-Ê-nÂ c-q-V-a-q-e-a-m-b-n I-n-S-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. I-q-S-m-s-X ]-p-c-p-j \-n-b-{-´-W-¯-mÂ N-e-n-t-¡-ï-h-f-m-W-v k-v-{-X-o F-¶ t-_-m-[-w B-W-m-[-n-]-X-y-k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ B-g-¯-nÂ t-h-c-p-d-¨-p-t-]-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. C-u ]-p-c-p-j-t-_-m-[-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-s-I-m-ï-m-W-v A-hÀ k-v-{-X-o-s-b h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. C-u t-_-m-[-w k-v-{-X-o-¡-v k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ h-c-¨-p-s-I-m-S-p-¯ H-c-p ]-c-n-{-I-a-W ]-m-X-b-p-ï-v. B ]-m-X e-w-L-n-¨-v \-S-¡-p-¶-h-s-f X-t-â-S-n-b-m-b-n A-hÀ a-p-{-Z-I-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w ̀ -b-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶-p. H-c-p k-v-{-X-o t-\-X-r-\-n-c-b-n-t-e-¡-v I-b-d-n-h-c-p-¶-X-p-w-, k-z-´-w i-Ð-§Ä D-d-s-¡ a-ä-p-Å-h-s-c t-IÄ-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶-X-v ]-p-c-p-j-\-nÂ A-k-l-\-o-b-a-m-b A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶-p. C-u A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X k-v-{-X-o-s-b A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-p-¶-X-n-t-e-¡-p-w A-]-h-m-Z-{-]-N-c-W-¯-n-t-e-¡-p-w ]-p-c-p-j-s-\ s-I-m-ï-p-s-N-s-¶-¯-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-X-v I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-e-p-w {-]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-e-p-w s-X-m-g-n-e-n-S-§-f-n-e-p-s-a-Ã-m-w kÀ-Æ-k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-W-v.

B-W-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-s-â A-[-n-I-m-c X-m-e-v-]-c-y-§-s-f A-X-n-P-o-h-n-¨-v a-p-t-¶-d-m³ {-i-a-n-¡-m-¯-h-

c-m-W-v ̀ -q-c-n-`-m-K-w k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-w. I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-e-m-b-m-e-p-w s-X-m-g-n-e-n-S-§-f-n-e-m-b-m-e-p-w X-s-â k-a-m-[-m-\-¯-n-\-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X-X-z-¯-n-\-p-w A-`-n-I-m-a-y-a-m-b-X-v H-c-p-X-c-w DÄ-h-e-n-b-e-m-s-W-¶-v A-hÀ N-n-´-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-§-s-\-h-c-p-t-¼-mÄ C-X-v ]-p-c-p-j t-aÂ-t-¡-m-b-v-a-b-p-s-S X-m-e-v-]-c-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å A-w-K-o-I-m-c-a-m-b-n a-m-d-p-I-b-p-w e-n-w-K-\-o-X-n-, X-p-e-y-X F-¶-p-Å-s-X-m-s-¡ ]-m-g-v h-m-¡-p-I-f-m-b-n \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-I-b-p-w s-N-¿-p-¶-p.

B-W-m-[-n-I-m-c X-n-«-q-c-§-s-f-b-p-w A-X-nÀ-h-c-¼-p-I-s-f-b-p-w A-X-n-e-w-L-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-v X-t-â-X-m-b C-S-w I-s-ï-¯-n a-p-t-¶-m-«-p-h-c-p-¶ k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S F-®-w ]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-s-W-¦-n-e-p-w A-h-c-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ N-e-\-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v \Â-I-p-¶ k-t-µ-i-w h-f-s-c h-e-p-X-m-W-v. C-¯-c-w A-S-b-m-f-s-¸-S-p-¯-e-p-I-f-n-e-q-s-S a-m-{-X-t-a t-h-c-p-d-¨-p-t-]-m-b B¬-t-aÂ-t-¡-m-b-v-a-b-p-s-S-t-_-m-[-y-¯-n-\-v C-f-¡-w-X-«-p-I-b-p-Å-q. k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v a-m-d-n N-n-´-n-¡-m-\-p-Å t-{-]-c-W-I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v A-hÀ \Â-I-p-¶-X-v.

C-¯-c-w k-v-{-X-o-]-£ N-e-\-§-s-f k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w DÄ-s-¡-m-Å-m-\-p-w X-¿-m-d-m-b-mÂ a-m-{-X-t-a X-p-e-y-\-o-X-n-b-p-w e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-h-p-w C-h-n-s-S b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-Å-q.

kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS Xp-ey-X-sb-¶ e-£yw ap³-\nÀ-¯n ]-Þn-äv P-h-lÀ-emÂ s\-lv-dp hn-hn-[ ]-²-Xn-IÄ-¡v cq-]w \Â-In-bn-cp-¶p. `-c-W-L-S-\m in-ev-]n tUm. Aw-t_-Zv-IÀ, kv-{Xo-IÄ kz-bw A-´-Êpw B-Z-c-hpw t\-S-W-sa-¶v Nn-´n-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

25KGOU Bulletin

s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s-¸-«-v k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-p-w i-m-k-v-{-X-I-p-X-p-I-n-I-f-p-w H-c-p-t-]-m-s-e t-N-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p t-N-m-Z-y-a-m-W-v F-´-p-s-I-m-ï-v B-[-p-\-n-I i-m-k-v-{-X-¯-n-\-v C-u a-l-m-a-m-c-n-¡-v a-c-p-¶-p I-s-ï-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶-X-v. i-m-k-v-{-X-¯-n-s-â A-X-y-`-q-X-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b h-n-I-m-k-w I-m-c-W-w A-X-n-e-p-Å a-\-p-j-y-k-a-q-l-¯-n-s-â B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-s-¯-b-p-w {-]-X-y-m-i-s-b-b-p-a-m-W-v C-u t-N-m-Z-y-w k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-ä-b-m-b-p-w I-q-«-a-m-b-p-w i-m-k-v-{-X-k-a-q-l-§Ä `-K-o-c-Y-b-X-v-\-¯-nÂ X-s-¶-b-m-W-v. t-e-m-I-s-¯ h-n-h-n-[ ]-c-o-£-W-§-s-f-b-p-w k-a-o-]-\-§-s-f-b-p-w I-q-«-n-t-¨À-¯-v t-e-m-I-m-t-c-m-K-y k-w-L-S-\ {-]-J-y-m-]-n-¨-n-«-p-Å Solidartiy F-¶ ]-²-X-n H-c-p-Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-W-v. a-ä-m-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-m-b-n C-X-n-\-n-I-w X-s-¶ D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¶-X-p-w s-I-m-t-d-m-W-b-v-s-¡-X-n-s-c ̂ -e-{-]-Z-s-a-¶-v k-w-i-b-n-¡-s-¸-S-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b Remdesivir, Hydroxichlo-roquine, Ritonavir-Lopinavir k-w-b-p-à-w-, Ritonavir - Lopinavir - Interferon-beta k-w-b-p-à-w F-¶-n-h-b-p-w ]-c-o-£-n-¡-s-¸-S-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-X-n-\-p-]-p-d-t-a ]-p-X-n-b H-u-j-[-§Ä I-ï-p-]-n-S-n-¡-m-\-p-Å {-i-a-§Ä t-e-m-I-s-a-¼-m-S-p-w \-S-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. H-u-j-[-§Ä-¡-p ]-p-d-t-a {-]-X-n-t-c-m-[-w k-r-ã--n-¡-m-\-p-X-I-p-¶ h-m-I-v-k-n³ c-q-]-IÂ-¸-\-b-v-¡-p-Å {-i-a-h-p-w \-S-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. H-t-¶-m c-t-ï-m hÀ-j-¯-n-\-I-t-a-m a-\-p-j-y-k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-p ̀ -m-K-y-a-p-s-ï-¦-nÂ G-X-m-\-p-w a-m-k-§Ä-¡-I-t-a-m i-m-k-v-{-X-t-e-m-I-w C-u t-]-mÀ-a-p-J-§-f-n-s-e-m-¶-nÂ h-n-P-b-w I-t-ï-¡-m-w F-¶-m-W-v s-]-m-X-p-

h-m-b h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯Â. C-u {-i-a-§-f-n-s-e-m-s-¡-¯-s-¶ I-¼-y-q-«À k-m-t-¦-X-n-I-h-n-Z-y F-§-s-\ ]-¦-m-f-n-b-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-n-s-\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v e-f-n-X-a-m-b h-n-h-c-W-a-m-W-v C-u t-e-J-\-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-v.

s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-v H-c-p P-o-h-n-b-m-t-W-m F-¶ t-N-m-Z-y-¯-n-\-v I-W-n-i-a-m-b D-¯-c-w \Â-I-m-\-m-I-n-Ã. F-¶-mÂ P-o-h-n-IÄ-¡-v A-h-i-y-w t-h-ï-p-¶ P-o-t-\-m-w P-\-n-X-I c-l-k-y-§-f-p-s-S ]-p-k-v-X-I-w A-h-b-n-e-p-ï-v F-¶-X-v {-]-m-t-b-m-K-n-I-a-m-b-n A-h-s-b P-o-h-n-b-m-b-n I-W-¡-m-¡-m³ I-m-c-W-a-m-W-v. P-o-h-n-I-s-f-¡-p-d-n-¨-v-, P-o-h-s-\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]T-n-¡-p-¶-X-v H-c-p-I-m-e-¯-v P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-ÚÀ a-m-{-X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-hÀ P-o-h-n-I-f-p-s-S i-c-o-c-h-p-w A-h-b-p-s-S P-o-h-n-X-h-p-w k-q-£-v-a-a-m-b-n \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-m-W-v h-n-Ú-m-\-w t-{-I-m-U-o-I-c-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

F-¶-mÂ-, P-o-h³ F-¶ A-X-n-k-¦-oÀ-W-{-]-X-n-`-m-k-s-¯ B-g-¯-n-e-p-w h-o-£-W-t-I-m-W-n-e-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n-¡-m-W-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b-X-v G-I-t-Z-i-w 400 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p a-p-¼-v s-s-a-t-{-I-m-k-v-t-I-m-¸-n-s-â B-h-nÀ-`-m-h-t-¯-m-s-S-b-m-W-v. \-á-t-\-{-X-§Ä-¡-v I-m-W-m-\-m-I-m-¯ t-I-m-i-§-s-f s-s-a-t-{-I-m-k-v-t-I-m-¸-n-e-q-s-S I-m-W-m³ I-g-n-ª-t-X-m-s-S P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-w a-s-ä-m-c-p h-o-£-W-¯-n-\-p X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-n-¨-p. (C-¶-p \-m-w I-m-W-p-¶ s-I-m-t-d-m-W-b-p-s-S Z-r-i-y-m-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-w Transmission Electron Microscopee-q-s-S-b-p-Å s-s-h-d-k-n-s-â N-n-{-X-§-s-f B-[-m-c-a-m-¡-n-b-m-W-v.-) 20þ-m-w

s-I-m-h-n-U-v-þ19:

H-u-j-[-c-q-]-IÂ-¸-\-b-nÂ I-¼-y-q-«À k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-s-S D-]-t-b-m-K-w

26 KGOU Bulletin

s‑{‑]‑m‑^. A‑N‑y‑p‑X‑v i‑¦À F‑k‑v. \‑m‑bÀ

\-q-ä-m-ï-n-s-â a-ä-p-c-ï-p h-o-£-W-§Ä-I-q-S-n D-c-p-¯-n-c-n-ª-p. P-o-h-s-â c-k-X-{-´-w h-g-n-b-p-w `-u-X-n-I-i-m-k-v-{-X-w h-g-n-b-p-w P-o-h-s-â c-l-k-y-§-t-f-m-S-v I-q-S-p-XÂ A-S-p-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-u h-o-£-W-§-f-p-s-S Z-n-i. Bio-Chemistry, Bio-Physisc F-¶-o c-ï-p i-m-k-v-{-X-i-m-J-I-f-m-b-n A-h ]-c-n-W-a-n-¨-p. P-o-h-s-â c-l-k-y-t-c-J F-¶-p I-c-p-X-m-h-p-¶ DNAb-p-s-S L-S-\ P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-Ú-c-m-b Watsan, Crick F-¶-n-hÀ I-ï-p-]-n-S-n-¨-X-v t-I-w-{-_-n-U-v-P-v kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e-b-n-s-e `-u-X-n-I i-m-k-v-{-X-h-I-p-¸-n-e-m-W-v. (I-m-h³-U-n-j-v e-m-_-v-) F-¶-X-v B-I-k-v-a-n-I-a-Ã. A-X-m-b-X-v P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-w A-´À-s-s-h-Ú-m-\-n-I i-m-J-b-m-b-n a-m-d-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. _-l-p-s-s-h-Ú-m-\-n-I h-o-£-W-§-f-n-e-q-s-S A-X-n-\-p ]-p-X-n-b a-m-\-§-f-p-w ]-p-X-n-b h-n-Ú-m-\-h-p-w h-n-I-m-k-h-p-w D-ï-m-I-m³ X-p-S-§-n. C-¯-c-w ]-c-n-W--m-a-¯-n-s-â k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-b A-S-p-¯ \-S-]-S-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p 20þ-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-s-â A-h-k-m-\-w D-S-s-e-S-p-¯ C³-t-^-mÀ-a-m-ä-n-I-v-k-v h-o-£-W-w. P-o-h-s-\ A-]-{-K-Y-n-¡-m³ P-o-h-s-â c-l-k-y-t-c-J-b-nÂ (P-n-t-\-m-w A-Y-h-m DNA) A-S-¡-w s-N-b-v-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-h-c-§Ä h-g-n-b-p-w k-m-[-n-t-¨-¡-m-s-a-¶-p-Å X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-v 1990I-f-n-e-m-W-v i-à-a-m-b-X-v.

Human Genome t-{-]-m-P-Î-n-s-â I-p-X-n-¸-n-e-m-W-v P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-¯-n-s-â C-u a-m-\-w L-\-o-`-h-n-¨-X-v. DNAb-nÂ A-S-¡-w s-N-b-v-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-h-c-§-s-f B-[-p-\-n-I k-t-¦-X-§-f-p-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-p-I-g-n-ª-mÂ A-h-s-b H-c-p I-¼-y-q-«À t-U-ä-m-^-b-e-m-b-n a-m-ä-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-v a-p-XÂ a-\-p-j-y³ h-s-c F-Ã-m P-o-h-n-IÄ-¡-p-w C-h A-c-k-n-I-a-m-b-, 4 A-£-c-§Ä a-m-{-X-w D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¨-v I-p-¯-p-w t-I-m-a-b-p-w X-p-S-¡-h-p-w H-S-p-¡-h-p-a-n-Ã-m-¯ AÀ-Y-i-q-\-y-s-a-¶-p t-X-m-¶-m-h-p-¶ s-S-I-v-k-v-ä-v ̂ -b-e-p-I-f-m-W-v. a-\-p-j-y DNAb-nÂ 3-,000-,000-,000 A-£-c-§-f-p-Å-t-¸-mÄ s-I-m-t-d-m-W-b-p-s-S X-¯-p-e-y-t-i-J-c-¯-nÂ 30-,000 a-m-{-X-a-m-W-p-Å-X-v. (t-U-h-n-U-p-w t-K-m-e-n-b-m-¯-p-w-).

C-u c-l-k-y-t-c-J-b-nÂ A-X-m-X-p-P-o-h-n-IÄ-¡-v \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-m-\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b {-]-a-p-J X-·-m-{-X-IÄ DÂ-¸-m-Z-n-¸-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å \-nÀ-t-Z-i-§-f-p-ï-v. C-u \-nÀ-t-Z-i-§-s-f-b-m-W-v P-o-\-p-IÄ F-¶-p-]-d-b-p-I. a-\-p-j-y DNA b-nÂ H-c-p-e-£-¯-nÂ-¸-c-w t-{-]-m-«-o³ X-·-m-{-X-IÄ DÂ-¸-m-Z-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å c-l-k-y t-I-m-U-p-IÄ A-S-§-n-b 30-,000t-¯-m-f-w P-o-\-p-I-f-p-ï-v.

C-¶-p-w P-o-h-i-m-k-v-{-X-w H-c-p ]-p-X-n-b P-o-h-n-s-b-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]T-n-¡-m³ B-Z-y-w D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ k-a-o-]-\-w A-X-n-s-â P-o-t-\-m-w (DNA) ]-p-k-v-X-I-w h-m-b-n-s-¨-S-p-¡-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v. P-o-t-\-m-w k-o-I-z³-k-n-M-v F-¶-d-n-b-s-¸-S-p-¶ C-u k-m-t-¦-X-n-I-h-n-Z-y h-f-s-c h-n-I-k-n-¨-p-I-g-n-ª-p. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) F-¶ k-m-t-¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-b-m-W-v C-t-¸-mÄ \-m-w D-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. ]T-\-h-n-t-[-b-a-m-¡-p-¶ P-o-h-n-b-p-s-S P-\-n-X-I-c-

l-k-y-§Ä a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-n-¯-p-S-§-m³ C-X-n-e-q-s-S k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-n-s-\ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-p-w C-§-s-\ D-ï-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. C-u s-s-h-d-k-n-s-â P-o-t-\-m-w k-o-I-z³-k-v s-N-b-v-X-v X-p-SÀ-\-S-]-S-n-IÄ-¡-m-b-n t-e-m-I-¯-n-\-p e-`-y-a-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

s-s-h-d-k-p-I-f-p-s-S H-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I-X A-h-b-p-s-S P-o-t-\-m-w A-X-n-t-h-K-w ]-c-n-W-m-a-h-n-t-[-b-a-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v. P-o-t-\-m-a-n-\-p a-m-ä-w h-c-p-¶-t-X-m-s-S s-s-h-d-k-n-s-â {-]-hÀ-¯-\-c-o-X-n-b-p-w A-X-n-\-m-b-n A-X-p-]-t-b-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ X-·-m-{-X-m-k-m-a-{-K-n-IÄ-¡-p-w h-y-X-y-m-k-w h-c-m-w. A-X-n-\-mÂ s-I-m-t-d-m-W-b-v-¡-v a-c-p-¶-p-I-ï-p-]-n-S-n-¨-p-I-g-n-ª-m-e-p-w ]-c-n-W-m-a-w h-¶ A-`-n-\-h-s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-p-IÄ ]-p-X-n-b `-o-j-W-n-b-p-bÀ-¯-p-w. A-X-m-b-X-v s-s-h-d-k-n-s-\-X-n-c-m-b a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ c-q-]-IÂ-]-\ s-N-¿-p-I F-¶-X-v X-p-S-c-p-¶ H-c-p b-p-²-a-m-W-v.

C-´-y-b-nÂ ]-SÀ-¶ s-I-m-t-d-m-W s-s-h-d-k-p-I-s-f-b-p-w P-o-t-\-m-w k-o-I-z³-k-n-\-p h-n-t-[-b -a -m -¡- n -¡-g - n -ª-p . C-h-b-nÂ s-N-d-p-X-m-b-n-t-¸-m-e-p-w h-y-X-n-b-m-\-§Ä I-m-W-p-¶-p-t-ï-m F-¶-p ]-c-o-£-n-¡-m-\-m-W-n-X-v. N-n-e-t-¸-mÄ H-ä A-£-c-¯-n-s-â h-y-X-n-b-m-\-¯-nÂ s-s-h-d-k-v A-X-n-c-q-£-a-m-b-n a-m-d-p-I-t-b-m \-n-c-p-]-{-Z-h-I-m-c-n-b-m-b-n a-m-d-p-I-t-b-m s-N-b-v-t-X-¡-m-w. {-]-t-X-y-I-n-¨-v a-m-ä-s-a-m-¶-p-w {-]-I-S-a-m-I-m-s-X C-c-p-¶-p-s-h-¶-p h-c-m-w. (H-c-p {-]-m-N-o-\ \-m-S-I-¯-nÂ k-t-µ-i-h-m-l-I-\-v h-n-j-w s-I-m-S-p-¡-W-w F-¶ k-t-µ-i-¯-nÂ h-n-j-b F-¶-p t-]-c-p-Å c-m-P-I-p-a-m-c-n b F-¶ A-£-c-w X-n-c-p-¯-n-t-¨À-¶-v k-t-µ-i-h-m-lI-s-\ ̀ À-¯-m-h-m-¡-n-b I-Y H-mÀ-¡-p-I. F-¶-mÂ s-I-m-S-p-¡-W-w F-¶-X-p X-n-c-p-¯-n s-I-m-S-p-¡-q F-¶-m-¡-n-b-mÂ I-Y-b-nÂ a-m-ä-s-a-m-¶-p-w h-c-n-Ã-t-Ã-m-).

C-\-n \-a-p-¡-v A-k-p-J-§-f-p-s-S X-·-m-{-X-m-X-e-¯-n-e-p-Å e-f-n-X-hÂ-¡-c-n-¨ H-c-p N-n-{-X-w ]-c-n-N-b-s-¸-S-m-w. C-X-v {-]-m-Y-a-n-I A-d-n-h-n-\-p-Å-X-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ k-a-{-K-h-p-w k-¼-qÀ-W-h-p-a-m-b N-n-{-X-a-Ã F-¶-p {-]-t-X-y-I-w ]-d-b-s-«. t-I-m-S-m-\-p-t-I-m-S-n t-I-m-i-§-f-mÂ \-nÀ-a-n-X-a-m-b a-\-p-j-y-i-c-o-c-¯-n-s-e H-m-t-c-m t-I-m-i-h-p-w i-c-o-c-¯-n-s-â {-]-hÀ-¯-\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b B-b-c-n-¡-W-

Nn{Xw 2: sIm-tdmW ssh-d-knsâ RNA (DNAbv-¡v ]-I-c-ap-Å kw-hn-[m-\w)bnÂ tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶ hn-h-c-§Ä I-¼yq-«À ^-b-ep-I-fm-Ip-t¼mÄ

27KGOU Bulletin

¡-n-\-p X-·-m-{-X-I-s-f \-nÀ-a-n-¨-p-s-I-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. C-h t-h-ï A-f-h-nÂ-, t-h-ï k-a-b-¯-v-, t-h-ï C-S-¯-v D-ï-m-I-p-t-¼-mÄ k-m-[-m-c-W {-]-hÀ-¯-\-w \-S-¡-p-¶-p. A-k-p-J-w C-Ã-m-s-X-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. s-s-h-d-k-p-IÄ A-k-p-J-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ c-o-X-n e-f-n-X-a-m-b-n ]-d-ª-mÂ A-h i-c-o-c-t-I-m-i-§-f-nÂ I-S-¶-v A-h-b-p-t-S-X-m-b X-·-m-{-X-IÄ D-ï-m-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v

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Bulletin 1 - KGOU · 2020. 9. 4. · Ganga Prasad Circulation Manager Brijesh C. Printed & Published by K. Vimalan President Kerala Gazetted Officers’ Union KGOU Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram