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UN_ITED STA TES
DEPARTMENT OF TH[ INTERIOR
BUR EAU OF RECLAMATION
BULGE AND LEAKAGE OF THE RUBBER -SEALS FOR THE CONTRACTION JOINTS OF THE STEEL-LINED CONCRETE PIPE, SCHEDULE NO. 2, SPECIFICATIONS NO. 2411--SOAP LAKE (INVERTED) SIPHON--WEST
CANAL--COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT
Hydraulic Laboratory Report No. Hyd.-281
RESEARCH AND GEOLOGY DIVISION
BRANCH OF DESIGN AND CONSTRU CTION DENVER. COLORADO
AUGUST 29, 1950
• Purpose • • • • • • Conclusions • • • • � Introduction
CONTENTS
Description of the Contraction Joints • • Description of the Test Equipment . Test Procedure and Results • • • . •
FIGURE LIST
Soap Lake Siphon Location Map • • • • • • • • Soap Lake Siphon--General Plan and Profiles
. . . .
. . . .
Section at a Contraction Joint • • • • • • • • · • • • • • General Views of the Test Fixture • • • • • • • • • • • • Dismantled-View of the Test Fixture . • ••••• Test Fixture End View • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hydrostatic Head vs Bulge of Seal for 1-inch
Clear Opening at the Contraction Joint . Hydrostatic Head vs Bulge of Seal for 1/2-inch
Clear Opening at the Contraction Joint • • •
1 1 2 2 3 4
Figure
1 2 3 4
7
8
•
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
Branch of Design and Construction Research and Geology Division Denver
.9 Colorado
Laboratory Report Noo Hyd-281 Hydraulic Laboratory Compiled by: J. G. Norman Reviewed by: w. C. Case August 29 .9 1950
J. W. Ball
Subjectg Bulge and leakage of the rubber seals for the contraction joints of the steel=lined concrete pipe, Schedule Noo 2, Specifications No. 2411--Soap Lake (inverted) Siphon-West Canal--Columbia Basin Project
PURPOSE
To determine the amount of bulge and leakage of the above rubber seal when subjected to Soap Lake Siphon head (225 feet) and with 1/2-inch and 1-inch clear openings at the contraction joints of the steel-+ined concrete pipe o
CONCLUSIONS
lo The amount of bulge of the rubber seal at 225-foot hydrostatic head 9 with and without the elastic fillers behind the seal, and at 1/2-inch clear opening at the pipe joint is as follows (see Figures 3 and 8):
Pine wood filler Self-expanding cork filler
per Specifications Noo 2411
Oo74 inch
No filler
L29 inches
The bulge increases to Oo90 inch using the cork filler per Specifications No. 2411 and at hydrostatic head of 370 feet .9 which was the maximum head for the test equipment. Using the same cork filler.SI the bulge increased approximately O. 2 inch for all heads after the seal had been subjected to a hydrostatic head of 171 feet for 120 hours (Figure 8).
2o The amount of bulge of the rubber seal at 225 feet of head with a self=expanding type of cork filler (not conforming to Specifications No • 2411) behind. the seal and at 1-inch clear pipe joint opening is L31 inches (Figure 7)o
3. Visual observations disclosed no water leakage attributable to the seal design during any of the tests.
4o If the bulge of the seal is considered excessive, replace the elastic filler with mortaro
INTRODUCTION
This report concerns the rubber seal used at the contraction joints of the steel-lined concrete pipe, Schedule No. 2, Specifications No. 2411, in Soap Lake (inverted) Siphon which is a part of the West Canal in the Columbia Basin Project (Figures land 2)o Large expansion joint clear openings existed during the latter stages of construction due to low winter temperatures encountered before the pipe line was earth coveredo Also, the pipe line was to be filled with water during the spring of the year. These facts made it probable that the contraction joints would be subjected to Soap Lake Siphon head with clear openings greater than the normal 1/4 incho Therefore, the Canals Division requested that tests be made to determine the amount of water leakage and seal bulge with clear openings of 1/2 inch and 1 inch at the contraction joints. More emphasis was placed on the 1/2-inch opening since this amount was more representative of opening observed in the field. The rubber seals used in this study represent a section from a typical seal as used in the contraction joints of the 22-foot 4-inch steel-lined pipe line. The maximum head at the lowest point in the siphon is 225 feet of water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTRACTION JOINTS
A section drawing of a contraction joint for the 22-foot 4-inchdiameter steel-lined concrete pipe as used in the Soap Lake Siphon is shown in Figure J. The joints are made by forming concrete on one side of the joint and allowing it to set before concrete is placed on the other side of the joint. The surface of the concrete first placed at the contraction joint is coated with a sealing compound except the surfaces against which the elastic filler contacts. The seal coat is applied befor� the concrete on the other side of the joint is placed. The elastic filler is dehydrated cork studded with copper nails. The cork is held securely by the copper nails against the previously placed nonhardened concrete before the concrete on the other side of the joint is placed. The dehydrated cork conforms to Federal Specification HH-F-341, Type II (self=expanding), and it is furnished in strips not less than two feet long. Two rows of 3/4-inch-diameter stud bolts spaced circumferentially on 6-inch centers are tapped and welded to the angles of the steel liner. Clamp plates are of lengths convenient for installation. Open joints between the ends of the clamp plates are 1/4 inch or less. Pneumatically applied mortar is placed in the contraction joints of the steel-lined concrete pipe to the dimensions shown in Figure Jo Convenient lengths
" of wire mesh are embedded in the mortar.
The rubber seal is a single straight strip 1/2 inch thick by 7-1/2 inches wideo The strip is spliced to form a closed ring at the contraction joint. One-inch diameter holes are either molded or cut on
2
6,..inch centers in two rows, the rows being 4-3/4 inches apart. The holes in the seal are larger in diameter than the 3/4-inch stud bolts to facilitate the installation of the seal in the event of misalignment. The rubber seal is fitted over the 3/4-inch stud bolts and then clamped tight against the joint angles by plates. The rubber seal is fabricated from a high-grade, tread-type compound made of nevi plantation rubber, reinforcing carbon black, zinc oxide, accelerators, antioxidants, vulcanizing agents, copper inhibitors, and plasticizers, but contains no factice. The compound, according to Specifications No. 2411, shall contain not less than 72 percent by volume of new plantation rubber and has the following physical characteristics. The physical characteristics of the Gates Rubber Company sample, their Compound No. 1564, used in the tests are shown for comparisong
Characteristic
Tensile strength, psi, min. Elongation at break, percent, min. Shore durometer {Type A) Specific gravity Absorption of water, by weight,
percent, mine Compression set {constant deflection)
percent of original deflection, max.
Tensile strength after oxygen bomb aging (48 hours, 70° C, JOO psi) percent of tensile strength before aging, min.
Specifications No. 2411
3,300 500
60 to 70 1. 15 + 0.03
5
30
65
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST EQUIPMENT
Gates' sample
3,500 500
60 to 70 1.14 3.7
23
80
The test fixture consisted of a pressure-tight steel box of 1/2-inch steel plates whose over-all dimensions were approximately 24 by 14 by 5 incheso The fixture accommodated a full size seal section 20 inches long (Figures 4, 5 and 6). Figure 5 shows a new test sample as well as one in place in the fixture. The fixture was bolted between two cover plates, approximately 28 by 7 by 1/2 inches, to provide greater strength for the higher pressures. End. clamps were used to hold the ends of the sample fixed (Figure 5). The 1/2-inch radius on the end of the long leg of the angle iron (Figure 3) near the outside rubber seal surface was omitted on the fixture because flat-parting surfaces were required to seal the end clamps. If no slippage took place between the seal and the contraction joint clamp plates, the amount of clear opening at the joint would represent the amount of stretch in the rubber seal. However, during these tests, slippage did appear to take place between the seal and clamp plates, and, therefore, the seal was stretched less than the amount of the clear opening. The fixture was designed to test the seal at clear contraction joint openings of 1/2 inch and 1 inch (Figure 6). This was
3
•
done by providing two sets of end clamps and two sets of screw holes in the top plate and side plates; the holes for the position not in use were plugged. A hand pump was utilized to deliver the hydrostatic head to the seal J and the head was measured by a Bourdon pressure gage. Three needle valves were placed in series in the supply line to insure against leakage which would prevent holding the pressure constant for long periods. A petcock was placed in the line to relieve the pressure when desired. The elastic filler was held in place by three steel brackets and a steel angle plate.
TEST PROCEDURE AND RESULTS
A 20-inch length of the rubber seal had 1-inch diameter holes cut in it for the 9lamp plate J/4-inch diameter stud bolts. The seal was placed over the stud bolts with the bolts centered in the holes in the seal. The seal was then clamped tight between the clamp plates. No fixed torque was applied to the nuts of the 3/4-inch bolts since the torque is not specified for field installation. The seal was then stretched to correspond to the desired clear opening at the contraction joint; the end clamps and cover plates were installed and hydrostatic head was delivered to the pressure compartment by the hand pump (Figure 6). The head was increased from zero to 110 psi (254 feet of water), which is in excess of the Soap Lake Siphon head of 225 feet (98 psi). The amount of bulge at the center of the test sample was measured with a depth gage after each increase in pressure of 10 psi (23 . 1-foot head). The results were plotted to show the amount of seal bulge versus head of water. It should be noted that a decrease in the thickness of the seal occurs with stretching. This decrease in thickness allows the seal to slip between the clamp plates until the seal is restrained by the 3/4-inch stud bolts. This slippage can be slightly more than 1/4 inch with good alignment at the contraction joints because of the difference in the diameters of the 3/4-inch stud bolts and the 1-inch holes in the seal. This means that the amount of stretch in the seal in most casss will be approximately 1/4 inch less than the clear opening at the joint. When the pressure was removed and the clear opening reduced to zero� the seal did not return to its initial position after the clamp plate=seal slippage had occurred9 and the seal retained a slight bulge.
In the first test� the arnount of seal bulge with a 1-inch clear opening at the contraction joint was determined. The cork filler used in this test was of a self-expanding type but did not conform to Specifications No. 2l..i.ll since the latter was not available at the time. The bulge at the Soap Lake Siphon head (225 feet) was 1. 31 inches (Figure ?)o A filler conforming to Specifications No. 2411 was obtained and used iu all subsequent tests except for a test using a pine wood filler •
The bulge for a clear opening at the contraction joint of 1/2 inchJ using the filler required by Specifications No. 2411, was 0.74 inch at the Soap Lake Siphon head, 225 feet (Figure 8). With the same fixture assembly the seal was subjected to a hydrostatic head of 171 feet (74 psi)
4
"
for a period of 120 hours. The bulge of the seal increased approximately 0.1 inch during the 120 hourso After the seal had been subjected to the 74 psi for 120 hours, the bulge versus head was again measured. A bulge increase of 0.20 inch resulted throughout the head range. The bulge at the Soap Lake Siphon head increased from 0.74 to 0.95 inch.· The seal bulge over year's of time may become excessive even at clear joint openings of less than 1/2 inch.
A test was also conducted with the elastic filler removed. This was done to give some indication of the amount of restraint offered to bulge by the elastic filler. The bulge at the Soap Lake Siphon head increased from 0.74 inch with the cork filler to lo27 inches without the filler.
For the final test, the seal was subjected to a hydrostatic head of 370 feet (160 psi), the maximum with the equipment, and using the cork filler per Specifications No. 2411. The bulge at this pressure was 0.91 inches. Visual observations disclosed no appreciable water leakage during any of the tests around the 3/4-inch stud bolts used to clamp the seal.
5
--, I
I
KEY MAP
0
9 SCALE OF MILES
Report Hyd 281 FIGURE I
B � SOAP LAKE SIPHON
s
' ' EAST LOW
}
CANAL
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT- WASHINGTON
WEST CANAL-STA.382+51.43 5.L.Ah. TO STA.511+30.005.L
SOAP LAKE SIPHON LOCATI N MAP
� DRAWN....dR.!L_SUBM ITTECl4"..,:2���,o:;.,,��
-d" CHECKED�PPROVED
250 0 500 1000
SCALE OF FEET
� §
2 ..J
... ..J,
Q.
V)
P L A N
··1� Q. 0: c:
z
0
>-
1300
1250
<t 1200
>
1150
1100
1050
1350
1300
z 0
1250
t--
<t 1200
>
w 1150
...J
w 1100
1050
' , ) ' ,.., ,, ,;�"': ' \ I
\� ' ' _, '
�[ ; ..!,,
i Concrete t pe �
�----
--- ----------, 2s·-o· D,, Invert profile
' ' � � Schedule 1--- ' r<
-----
-- --->t
HYORAULI'(: GRAD IE NT
------------- ------------- - ------------�Schedule 2--
..,_ ....£-Original ground surface s € Blowoff "
---'---- -
\\ f Blawoff \... Sto. 445+01.o
-� Sta. 463+80 :i::
J\1,! - II Sh'f
-�-
Report Hyd. 281 FIGURE 2
I
l,,,1 ) ' ) ' ' / ' I I /rr---I : I .. --�, '
f ! ' ------------- ------------- -------»; ' hr- -!!!
r---r--1\_/\ ' � ' '
0 S.L----\ /;t--- Schedule , --,, __,/ --------f
'"" '¼ vi -Concrete p,pe 25 '-0' D,a
Invert prof('e ,_ s I . I - leel-/1ned concrete p,pe 22'-4" Dia. Invert profile
390+00 400+00 410+00 420+00 430+00 440+00 450+00 460+00 470+00 480+00 490+00 5oo+OO 510+00
S T A T I O N S
P ROFILE
CONCRETE AND STEEL-LINED CONCRETE PIPE
' , ' ) I
GRADl1NT ' �' / , /
HYDRA UL I'(: ' ' , I ' \ ' '
,,-r .. _, \ �
' ' I ' ' I I -1 L<----- -- --------t--- ----------- ------------- -Schedules 4 and 5 ------t- -------------"" -, I i ' ..!c• ' I
l Concrete pipe� � s I
l " I
! 2s'-o· oia. Invert prafi -g, I
"<.. ,--0 riginal ground surface I
--, '-� :i: I
' ' "" Plate sleet pipe 22' 4• Dia. ' ' "'---=:::: I I ' -Schedule 3--I �--� �7
I t<-------- ---� € Profile---, """'- I - ' I I - -
\ j� V � V I 1,,---f Blowoff
Stdl 463+6!.4-4 5.L.
' ; / ' /
I I ------.1 i ' l
hr Jr--
I I
' _/
I I<-----
All. 'R"
� Concrete pipe
�: V,' �I ,.,, o'<> + I� <::,10 -,o "''"" �:: "''"'
I
l, '
h o/ 25'-o" Dio.
Invert profile
-Schedule 3 - -----------
) , /
/
/
��--, -, l � I
i � ! I : ' I ....
390+00 400+00 410+00 420+00 430+00 440+00 45o+OO 460+00 470+00 480+00 49o+OO 500+00 510+00
SYMBOLS
5 L.-Soap Lake Siphan Lme S L All. - Soap Lake S,phon, Allernate Line 5. L. All. 'R'-Soop Lake Siphon, Alternate Line, Revised.
S T A T I O N S
PROFILE
CONCRETE AND PLATE STEEL PIPE
UNITED STATES OEPARTMEN T OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLA MATION COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT-WASHINGTON
WEST CANAL STA.J82+5l.4J S.L.AII. TO STA.61/+J!!OO S.L. SOAP LAKE SIPHON
GENERAL PLAN AND PROFILES
DRAWN _____ _..!!'.:_ _'?_._� _____ SUBMITTEC'___ ..:-��--------
TRACEO _________ J._r.:.... ______ RECOMMENDEO __ ��---
CHECl<Eap.it .. £.CCJ�APPROVED ___ �------
OENVER. COLORADO APRIL :,, 1947 222-0-1I537
Tock
Figure 3 Report Hyd. 28l
1----·�,� .. -�-�-,.,-�,-,--c-c�--,--, ... ,-,."':--,. �,-,-
.,-a-,· -.. -. :-;,,--:-.
. c-. � . .,.,:c_--,r--,,-,--�.,..-,-.,..,-�--,.Q--,. --,--,��,-,-. -· -· .�·. �.: --:-._-4:-· .-
. .. -. -·
.� ·. ::C-·_aC7· _:
· 1i . · D · ·r --�: _· -. '? _ ·
. �-
;:;; ' ' I
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·�. . o
d. . _·o ·. ·
:.t/ . J" ·.
.;;;·.•· · ·· •, 4f Long .. •>
,:·-.<if.:_:_ .... <'? . . .<?_.. _·o_:_.·. p· .· .. · Contraction joint. Coot surface. o· not covered with elastic ,.<::; .
filler with. sealing c3,mpound: 0 :
. <J· . . ·c: :
. ·o·
-,., .. .·.o·. �-- ·--.o_·_.
. . . . . . ...
. Co.
�{¢x2�"A��hor bar @) about ·i�"c�S
Elost ic filler . a· . .
·. ;a:-. .·.
·<?··
_· __ ·_.-: ... · __ <·.'a'.
<J. . 0 ..... ,;. .·c.-
.
_�-,
... ·_,o. ·o . ·
filler
· o_ ·
.. t?·.· .. •: • J". , �;/ • , • , • . • •
.· • ;I ,·. ,-4 'i' x 24 Stud bolts at 6 .• ·:: ; : centers, topp.ed. into LS. "' . . ' er• :,/}iH0
°I� in ;ubb�r t.
. ., .. ,, .. .. ,·. ,-,!/; Holes in
Pl. 2/:_ x t {,:/fx3fxi�J J '.Clamp_ pl. 2;, x 8
:-steel washer :aronze. nut�.
I -1 ,;t- , ;:, �¾v :, · \--Steel liner Pl.
L!�; • J • :;'.· weld at '12 crs. upstream edge onty-- ,,4<.J-;, 2
, 1,J"xJ'x 14 Go wire mesh I ,, 1t4-·---�---3..!.'�-- ------- -4�
r
C[OC------ ·\\ '� lfJ llxi6.xtd-o Plate placed over_/ � ____ _o _________________ !8j _ _________ -\��-:--..:.·Half nut ot everyJ ·bolt ;amt at bottom of pipe. - . . ', ---Pneumatically placed mortar Coot protrudmg threads wtfh asphalt.'
SECTION AT CONTRACTION JOINT Contraction joints to be located approx.
os shown on profile ond o!inement
Columbia Basin Project--Washington SOAP LAKE SIPHON--CONTRACTION JDINT
Section at a Contraction Joint
A. Overall View with Cork Filler Removed
B. Overall View with Cork Filler in Place
COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT-WASHINGTON SOAP LAKE SIPHON-CONTRACTION JOINT General Views of the Test Fixture
!:O f%J CD I-" to � g ij ct CD
p:I+
I I\) en I-'
Columbia Basin ProJect--Washington
SOAP LAKE SIPHON--CONTRACTION JDINT
Dismantled View of Test Fixture
Figure 5 Report Hyd. -281
Brocket - --- - - - -
Clear opening at __ contraction joint -----,,
..
_ .. - Angle plate
- - - --Elastic filler ( t"x 6"/
x - - - - - - - - - -1 i , ' , I ; $ ' , , $ I I I ! I I I : I $ , End clomps _ _ 1."1n . s tud bolt /
,# 4-
"*' s:1-
J I J
Stirrup --,, {in stud bolt - -- --- -- -.
j I ',, I : l : l._t)
Rubber seal-,
�
-1-- -
', ·--
··P--ulling bolt --- Fillet plate
// I?" z.::::::::: ;.>-<i I I I
-$-- $ �-$! l-$- l-:-l-i--+--+--- +++--- 1
/ ;?'
'- - Pressure Comp ortment -_-; .,L:-''
I I I
I i· I ' I
l.., ) ', __ ,,,
4-l-
L ___ _ _ __ 1n --- r - --- $ -- $ ---CD� -ct>I----- - EP ----$- 1 i J I J J " I i - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - ----- - --- - -- - - - - 1 4 9 >-,
::0 .. "O
I '< c..
�--------------------------------l :;; COLUMBIA B A S I N PROJECT - WASHI NGTON
END VIEW
E N D PL A TE REMOVED
S OAP L A K E S I P H O N - C O N T RACT I O N J O I N T T E ST F I X T U R E - E N D V I E W
"'1 G) "'
'
..
Report H d. 2 8 1 F I G . 7
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! l � I i
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I I I' I 1 1 ,� I I i II I I ' i : I I I :1 ....,... I I I I ! I I ... I I I I I I i i I I I I I I
� I I ! -� i I I I I I
i I I !
'. , --i I +-r-+-+-+-.--+-+--+-+-r-+--+-t-t- -+-·-· ___ 1 ,..........,1 L,._ '. ! ' i I , : I I I I I ' I , I ' -tl""'7-t-+--+,-r::a1 .. c:..+1--f'---+-+-H-i--l -+"T'""H-t-11 -t-++-r-+-t-�t-• I -i--+-1- ' I +-+- ,_ i i ' ' I I ; '-' ·t"'1,f-+-++---,l---++-,,--+--t
-+-r-+-·+++-:--+--1-1-+-++t-+--- Elas tic cork filler not H-+-; -t-, ...1.:-t' -+-t-1--++. --��---i:71""'i::-'""'· t--+- ---,--t-4--½�1 225
foot- -/ '_·..._,:.+-: ....... -+-_,_,�--+-�_..
_.
! I I I ' ' ! j : I i
I c onforming to Spec. 2 4 11- --+.� ..... ' ++.-..... -�-"""·""�'-',_ 7-....J-;..T�--.....+-i-+-+-+--i 11 1 -+-+-+-+-·+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-..-.1 -+-+-�1- �,, � - �, ,-.-�- �- 1 1 ! "- -.--1 . i-.. , � Soap Lake Head _-.... , .. +• -+-1-+-.......... ��-.-,-+---1 1 I , i r r ! , i I 1 , 1111 1., -�t-t--++--t-i!-,-�7
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I I I I r i ! ! i i i ! .....- I i I I ' i ! ! I I I , i I
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