Built Infrastructure: Overview and Issues

H. Scott Matthews

February 10, 2003

Recap of Last Lecture Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a framework to

internalize costs of a structure over its useful life (design -> disposal) Including user costs Similar, not equal to, benefit-cost analysis

Reliability-based assessment focuses on preventing failure rather than lower forms of maintenance Involves more complex (and realistic) models to

assess deterioration and expected performance

Infrastructure Issues For the 3 infrastructures we will discuss: History Network Layout Supply and Demand issues Investments Rights of Way Design and Approval Process** User Cost / Pricing Let’s start with built infrastructure

Data and figures from 1999/2002 C&P Reports: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/1999cpr/report.htm http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/

US Highway System Roads have been around since before we had cars,

but cars led to ‘paving’ 1938: 6 road toll network to be infeasible (3 North-

South, 3 East-West across US) 1954: Eisenhower - suggested 60/40 match 1956: Federal-Aid Highway Act 90/10 spends $25 B in

12 yrs Gave uniform design standards, must accommodate traffic in

20 years Could include toll roads Height and weight limits 1966: All roads 4-lane, no at-grade crossings

System (cont.)National Highway System (1995) -

defined as interstates, most arterials (4% of miles, 45% use)

Now generally links all major metropolitan areas in the USA

Statistics 4 million miles of roads 4 trillion passenger miles of vehicle travel 4 trillion ton-miles of freight movement

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Highway ‘Jurisdiction’Ownership, not responsibilityMay be ‘owned’ locally but gets fed $75% controlled by local govts20% controlled by states5% controlled by federal (US) govt

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Types of Highways Arterial - fastest, most throughput

11% of miles, 72% of vehicle-miles Collectors - ‘collect and distribute’ traffic from

arterials to locals 20% miles, 15% vehicle-miles-traveled

Local - basic access to/from buildings69% miles, 13% VMT

3 trillion VMT, 4 trillion pass-miles-trav (PMT) i.e. 1.3 passengers per vehicle average overall

Only 40 billion PMT from mass transit

Pure Costs Original idea: fund construction / maintenance

with gas tax (not tolls) 1940: 1.5 cents/gallon, now 18.4 cents PLUS state gas taxes range 7.5 - 31 cents

TEA-21 (fed): 84% on roads, 15% mass transit During previous (ISTEA), 23% -> deficit reduction TEA-21: $162 B from 1998-2003 on roads, $36B on

mass transit Other monies come from state gas taxes, user fees

and tolls, etc.

Congestion Values and CostsFrom Texas Transportation Institute

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.