Building Vocabulary Part II 4

8/11/2019 Building Vocabulary Part II 4

1/44

BUILDING VOC BUL RY

Synonyms

ntonymsWord ssociations

Homophones

Homographs

Homonyms


2/44

SYNONYMS

The English language contains a weatlh

of words, and perhaps no other

language has many synonyms.Synonyms give color, precision, and

variety to a person's writing, breaking

up the dullness that can come frommany overused words. Synonyms can

also make the expression "crispier".


3/44

WHAT ARE

SYNONYMS?

Synonyms are words

that have the same ornearly the same

meaning.


4/44

Synonyms can be any part of speech

(e.g. nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs

or prepositions), as long as both members

of the pair are of the same part of speech.

1. individual and human (noun)2. taciturn and quiet (adjective)

3. student and pupil (noun)

4. and and as well ass (conjunction)5. chase and pursue (verb)

6. on and upon (preposition)

7. daintily and elegantly (adverb)


5/44

EXERCISE I

Walk is a commonly used word. Read thesentences below and articulate the word used

in place of walk.

1. The girl with a cloth tied around his toe, limps

painfully along the corridor.

2. Te fat, old woman waddles down the aisle.

3. The tired farmer trudges from work.4. The tipsy guy staggers to his room.

5. The baby toddles happily as the parents watch

her.


6/44

EXERCISE 2

Choose the word that would best

collocate with the given term.

1. automated/robotic/independent counting machine

2. memorized/brained/mindful speech

3. wet/sodden/soggy paint

4. religious/pious/secular sector5. silly/immature/unripe answer


7/44

EXERCISE 3

Choose the word that does not belong tothe group.

1. tall, high, elevated,lanky,soaring,skeletal2. leisure, vacation, holiday, relaxation, rest, spare time

3. ambitious, determined, ruthless, thriving, striving,pushy

4. mayhem, chaos, disorder, havoc, bedlam, rejection

5. reluctant, stagnant, hesitant, discinlined,unesthusiastic, unwilling


8/44

ANTONYMSThey say that opposites attract. In

studying language, words that mean

opposite are also given special

attention. Learning about these wordswould also expand one's stock of

vocabulary and eventually would help

the person become more efficentreader and writer.


9/44

WHAT ARE

ANTONYMS?

Antonyms comes from Greek anti

(opposite) and onoma (name) whichmeans word pairs that are opposite in

meaning. Languages often have ways

of creating antonyms as an easyextension of lexicon


10/44

TYPES OF

ANTONYMSA. GRADABLE ANTONYMS

B. RELATIONAL ANTONYMS

C. NON-GRADABLE ANTONYMS


11/44

EXERCISE 1

Jot down the antonyms you could see

in the following songs:

A. HOT AND COLD BY KATTY PERRY

B. KALEIDOSCOPE WORLD BY FRANCIS

MAGALONA


12/44

HOT N COLD KATTY PERRYYou change your mind

Like a girl changes clothesYeah you PMS

Like a bitch, I would know

And you over think

Always speak critically

I should knowThat you're not good for me

'Cause you're hot then you're cold

You're yes then you're no

You're in then you're out

You're up then you're down

You're wrong when it's right

It's black and it's white

We fight, we break up

We kiss, we make up


13/44

KALEIDOSCOPE WORLDSo many faces, so many races

Different voices, different choices

Some are mad, while others laughSome live alone with no better half

Others grieve while others curse

And others mourn behind a big black hearse

Some are pure and some half-bred

Some are sober and some are wasted

Some are rich because of fate andSome are poor with no food on their plate

Some stand out while others blend

Some are fat and stout while some are thin

Some are friends and some are foes

Some have some while some have most

Every color and every hue

Is represented by me and you

Take a slide in the slope

Take a look in the kaleidoscope

Spinnin' round, make it twirl

In this kaleidoscope world


14/44

KALEIDOSCOPE WORLDSome are great and some are few

Others lie while some tell the truth

Some say poems and some do singOthers sing through their guitar strings

Some know it all while some act dumb

Let the bassline strum to the bang of the drum

Some can swim while some will sink

And some will find their minds and think

Others walk while others runYou can't talk peace and have a gun

Some are hurt and start to cry

Don't ask me how don't ask me why

Some are friends and some are foes

Some have some while some have most

Every color and every hueIs represented by me and you

Take a slide in the slope

Take a look in the kaleidoscope

Spinnin' round, make it twirl

In this kaleidoscope world


15/44

WORD ASSOCIATIONS

When you come across a word, a

number of ideas may come into your

mind. You are able to think of other

words. The more links there arebetween words, the more you

understand them. As you recall them

they become part of your activevocabulary.


16/44

WORD ASSOCIATIONS DEFINED

The process of forming links as you

think of the word is called word

association. Word Association also

help you remember better words youhave learned before.


17/44

CLASSIFICATION OF WORD

ASSOCIATIONS

Word associations are generally

classified as follows:

1. SIMILARITY

Ex: road- street

pathwayhighway


18/44

CLASSIFICATIONS OF WORD

ASSOCIATIONS

2. CONTRAST

Ex: happy- sad

3. ASSONANCE

Ex: site- cite, sight, scythe

4. SUBORDINATION

Ex: animal- tiger, lion


19/44


ASSOCIATIONS

5. COORDINATION

Ex: violin- guitar, cello, banduria

6. SUPERORDINATION

Ex: cabbage- vegetables

7. DERIVATION

Ex. friend- friendship


20/44


ASSOCIATIONS

8. PREDICATION

Ex. bird- fly, eat, drink

9. COMPLETIONEx. black- black board

10. CHARACTERISTICS OR PROPERTYEx. teacher- strick,

intelligent


21/44

EXERCISE 1

Think of words which you usually

associate with the words in the list.

Write as many asnwers as you can.

1. FAMILY


22/44

2. LOVE

3. JOB

4. MONEY5. NATURE


23/44

EXERCISE 2

The underlined word in each number is

the key word. The rest that follow are

associated with the key word except

one. Pick it out and eliminate it in thechoices.

1. HOSPITAL

physician, teacher, nurse, attendant


24/44

CONTINUATION......

2. LIBRARY

beds, shelves, tables, chairs

3. WOMAN

vain, handsome, lovely, demure4.ATHLETES

baseball, ballet, soccer,

tennis

5. FRIENDsincere, helpful, hypocrite,

kind


25/44

CONTEXT CLUES

When a reader encounters new words ina printed material, he usually makes useof the dictionary. However, there areinstances when one needs not to run to

the dictionary for help if only he is awarethat there can be other aids like usingstructural analysis. There is another aidin discovering meanings of unknown

words. This is the use of context clues.


26/44

CONTEXT CLUES DEFINED

Words or phrases around an unfamiliar

word which can help you understand

the meaning of this new word is called

context clues. Using context means tofigure out what words mean by how

they are used in the sentence or

paragraph where they appear. Contextclues include semantic clues, syntactic

clues, and presentation clues.


27/44

SEMANTIC CLUES- are clues derived from the

meanings of the words co-occuring with the

unknown word.

1. You tell his innate characteristics, not

the acquired ones.

2. I play a dual role in the family. I am

both father and mother to my sisters.

3. I like to work with sincere people. I

abhor hypocrites.


28/44

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES

There are several different context clues you

can use to help you figure out unfamiliar

words. These are the following:

1. EXAMPLE CLUES

-this type of context clues

uses familiar examples toillustrate the meaning of

unfamiliar words.


29/44

EXAMPLE CLUES

1. The air in Manila is found to havenoxious materials such as airfresheners, insect repellants, smoke

from vehicles, and dust particles.2. Short stories, poems, dramas are

examples of literary genres.

3. The evil doers had many nefariousplans, such as robbing the bank , andlocking the bank employees in the safe.


30/44

COMPARISON CLUES

- This refers to the use of an

unfamiliar word in comparison

to a familiar word. Some

phrases that signal comparison

clues are like, as, same as, andsimilar to.


31/44

COMPARISON CLUES

1. The taci turn student is like a mute

television.

2. The obese girl looks like a blown up

doll.

3.


32/44

CONTRAST CLUES

In a contrast clue, a new word is the

opposite of the known word. Some

phrases that alert contrast clues are the

following: although, but, though, on theother hand, however, yet, unlike,

different from, in contrast to, not and as

opposed to.


33/44

CONTRAST CLUES

1. In March the weather is usually pacific,unlike the bad and stormy weatherduring the months of June and July.

2. Mike's daughter is very mischievous;however, his son always behaves well.

3.You can doze in class again; however,if you do, Ill pinch you and wake youup.


34/44

SYNONYMS

This type of context clues uses simplersynonyms of unfamiliar words.

1. Voracious or avid readers frequent the malls

to buy the latest books.2.The work assigned to me was cumbersomeand tiring.

3. Teaching is not a lucrative or profitable job.That is why students would rather chooseengineering or medicine as their courses incollege.


35/44

DEFINITION

In this type of context clues, theunfamiliar word is defined in thesentence itself.

1. A philatelist is someone who collectsdifferent kind of stamps.

2. A claustrophobic is someone who isafraid of closed areas.


36/44


37/44

CONTINUATION.............

2. My brother thought the trip was futile,

but my sister remained sure that we

would reach our goal.

3. The builder decided that the house

could be built on a number of sites, for

example, along a wooded path, near theocean, or atop a mountain.


38/44

CONTINUATION.....

4. After seeing the picture of the starvingpeople, we felt compassionate or pityfor their suffering.

5. Joe was reluctant to take the job of thecaptain of the team. He was afraid that

the time it would take would hurt hisgrades. On the other hand, Billy waseager for the chance to be the teamcaptain.


39/44

SYNTACTIC CLUES

-are contained in the grammar of our

language. Syntactic clues will help the

reader discover that the word is a noun,

an action word etc.

Ogle oggled oggeldly.


40/44

PRESENTATION CLUES

-refer to the other aids that the author

may use to make himself clear to the

reader. These clues may include:

1. Use of footnotes

2. Use of prints

3. Use of visuals

4. Organizational Devices


41/44

HOMONYMS OR HOMOPHONES

- words that sound alike but have

different spellings and meanings are

called homonyms or homophones.

Examples:

1. coarse, course

2. complement, compliment

3. morning, mourning


42/44

HOMONYMS OR HOMOPHONES

4. stationary, stationery5. sight, cite, site

6. ail, ale

7. advice, advise

8. bolder, boulder

9. born, borne

10. bred, bread

11. cue, queue12. canvass, canvas

13. wring, ring


43/44

HOMOGRAPHS AND HETERONYMS

- Words that are spelled the same but

have different meaning are called

homographs. Some homograph sounds

the same. Others do not sound thesame. When they dont sound the same,

they are sometimes called

heteronyms.


44/44

HOMOGRAPHSWhen Words Dont Fit A Multiple Meaning Words PoemI have such a fit (tantrum)

When these words dont fit (match)!

Like when all through the spring (season)

All the deer jump and spring (bounce),

And the lions feel they might (perhaps)

Want to show their strength and might (power),

When the monkeys swing (sway)

From a vine like a swing(hanging seat),

And the roar of the bear (animal)

Is too loud for me to bear (endure),

And I cant try to pet (stroke)

One, since its not a pet (domesticated animal)!

Im not trying to be mean (cruel),

But what do these words mean (imply)?

Documents

Building Vocabulary Part II 4