Building the Foundations-2

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GlobalPartnershipon Nutrient

Management

Building the Foundations for

Sustainable Nutrient Management

A publication of the Global Partnershipon Nutrient Management


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Pbsd n 2010 by

uNeP n ba G ba

Parnrsp n Nrn

Managmn GPNM

cpyrg 2010

t nns s rpr d n

nssary r vw s r

ps uNeP r nrbry

rgansans. t dsgnans

mpyd and prsnans

d n mpy xprssns any

pnn wasvr n par

uNeP r nrbry rgansans

nrnng ga sas any

nry, rrry, y, mpany r

ara r s ary, r nrnng

dman s rnrs r

bndars.

W rasnab rs av bn

mad nsr a nns

s pban ar aay

rr and prpry rrnd,

uNeP ds n ap rspnsbyr aray r mpnss

nns, and sa n b ab

r any ss r damag a may b

asnd dry r ndry

rg s , r ran n,

nns s pban.

iSBN: 9789280731354

DeP/1343/NB

Prnd n Knya


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Bdng ndansr ssanab nrnmanagmn

A pban Gba Parnrspn Nrn Managmn


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hefoundationsforsustainablenutrient

managementAPuBlicAtioNoftheGPNM

Acknwledemen

r ndng: Gvrnmn Nrway

r rdnang wrng prss: ScoPe t Sn cmm n Prbms envrnmn

r wrng and dng dmn: Mr. crs tmpkns and Dr. Jan Wm ersman

r prvdng nps and rvw dras inss and indvdas:

Ms. lnda c, d and Agrr organan und Nans Ao

Ms. Mrgan Dan, inrnana rr indsry Assan iA

Prssr R. Rams, ins oan Managmn, Anna unvrsy, cnna, inda

Mr. Kaj Sandrs, Mnsry hsng, Spaa Pannng and envrnmn VRoM , Gvrnmn

Nrands

Dr. ck cav, Gba envrnmn and tngy ndan, uSA

Dr. Grg crsby, uS Dparmn Agrr, Gvrnmn uSA

Dr. Mark Sn, cnr r egy and hydrgy, uK

Mr. lx Bwman, Nrands envrnmna Assssmn Agny

Dr Ya l, cnauK Ssanab Agrr innvan Nwrk SAiN

Dr. Ma Bknda, inrnana Nrgn inav iNi Ara capr

Mr. Br Dprn, uNhaba

Dr. Andrw hdsn, und Nans Dvpmn Prgramm uNDP

inrnana Nrgn inav iNi

indan Nrgn Grp

inrnana GsprBspr Prgramm iGBP

Nrands enrgy Rsar cnr

on ba GPNM Srara vra rdnan: Dr. Anjan Daa, und Nans envrnmn

Prgramm uNeP and Dr. cry Pam, inrnana Nrgn inav iNi


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cnns

5 exv smmary

7 Par i wr w ar nar and sp nrn ang

The global picture - too much o good things, drivers, impacts and scope

Excess and ecosystems algal blooms, dead zones, sewage & cities by the sea

Cascade and complexity - the nitrogen cascade, watersheds and deltas

11 Par ii ky angs ngagng drvrs nrn s

Food security - ood security and nutrient shortages in subSaharan Arica

Energy security and climate change

14 Par iii wa s gng n nrn managmn n an

Best practices and approaches

Avoidance, eciency, & re-use and their contribution to development

Air, agriculture, wastewater and aquaculture; watersheds, regional seas and national action plans

21 Par iV wa w nw nd d ndans r v nrn managmn

Global catalyst: a shared nutrient interest and agenda; building constituencies o interest and action;

mainstreaming o what works - enabling rameworks, nutrient proong and assessment; nutrient tool box

and inter-governmental and UN co-operation

28 Rns


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t Gba Parnrsp n Nrn

Managmn GPNM

Think globally, act locally global catalyst or eective national actions

t Gba Parnrsp n Nrn Managmn GPNM was and a und Nans cmmssn

n Ssanab Dvpmn n May 2009, wn cmmssn was rvwng gba nsmpn and

prdn. t mng an rd GPNMs am prmng ssanab nsmpn

and s nrns, naby nrgn and psprs, and nd rggr g v srag

nrs and ngagmn amng nrs and sakdrs n ss.

t Parnrsp rprsns a mng gr gvrnmn py makrs, snss, prva sr,

NGos and uN agns. i pras as a vnary nwrk sakdrs, w a vw mmnang

nrn managmn ang, and png bd nsns nrs and an amng

and n nrs, agns and dnrs arnd ga pmsng nrn s, ndng prbms

srag, and rdng s mpas. i d s nagra mng n t hag n obr 2009.

is rman rs ray a nrn managmn s mpx and rad sss ar n

w knwn sd sn dman. cray, rvan agns and srs n nrs may ak

ass n js assssmn nrman, b as nrman ab avaab bs pras

and appras s v nrn managmn. ty may b nar wr and w

v an an b akn and ss, bns and pssbs r s dng. t Parnrsp s

n a sbs r gvrnmn an, b srag ann n nrnana pa dman

p sma ann mpran nrn managmn n nrs.

Spay, Parnrsp prvds a parm :

idny and sr bs pra pprns and s w an b appd by nrs r sad

p as par a mr nrd nana and nrnana r;

hp mansram s bs pras and appras wn nrs s a v nrn

managmn s mbddd n ps and rad ndsrs and bns rad;

sr srngnd and ngrad assssmn and anayss a vars vs; and

Mr gnray prvd a pa r nrn sakdrs nwrk and bd mmn nrss.

The GPNM is led by a Steering Committee comprising government, scientic and UN agency representatives.

UNEP/GPA coordination oce based in Nairobi acts as the secretariat to the Partnership.


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exv smmary

ts bk ss n s, s and managmn w ky nrns nrgn and psprs.

tgr y pay an mpran r n gba and a ssanab dvpmn agndas.

on n and, r prdn and s mans gr vs rp prdn and d sry.

on r and, r xss s and prdn, rs a rang mpran man avs,

ads svr pn ar, war, and and sa arnd wrd.

t prsn rs s an apparn dvd bwn sa nds r d and nrgy and a mpx

wb advrs nvrnmna mpas w ndrmn sysms and srvs and vds

y prvd. ts nndrm s s nnsy, s nrs as dmand r d and nrgy

nras and vs dmand r nrgn and psprs grw.

t nrnana mmny s ad w a nrn managmn ang w rd amn

xss nrns n gba nvrnmn, b n a way a maxms nrbn nrn

managmn gba dvpmn, d sry and a w arbn sy.

t Global Partnership on Nutrient Managements a rspns

s ang and nd r a nw s. i rgns

nd r srag, gba advay rggr prdv

dsssn n nrn ang basd n a majr s

wards ssanab nsmpn and prdn nrgn

and psprs.

ts bk sps nar nrn managmn

ang, rm d sry dayng aks, rvrs, das

marn dad ns. i ams sra wa s mpran,

wa wrks, and w nds b prsadd n sapngv nrn managmn. i mmnds r man

rnrsns ndans sd arnd bdng

a sard nrs and agnda amng and wn nrs; sakdr ngagmn and parnrsps

and mmnan and mansramng bs pra s and ngrad appras gd

s v dsn makng. ty am bd a ssanab r wr d and nrgy sry

an b avd w prsrvng ky sysm srvs.

Ke Meae

t v s nrns ads a mpx wb dvpmn bns and prbms. t prbms

w mpy as dmand r d and bs nrass, and asa ppans nras.


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Bsnss as sa nrn managmn w nras nm ss nrs n rms

dgradan vaab nara rsrs and srvs and jbs y prvd.

tr nds b a nw srag s amng nrs and sakdrs n mpran

ssanab prdn and s nrns and bns mmnad vy py makrs.

ts ang w p mv wards a Grn enmy.

Gvrnmns and sakdrs nd mv rgny wards wr nrgn and psprs nps

man avs mng dsargs, prmng fns n prdn, and makng s ryng pprns.

cnrs and sakdrs nd sr, and mansram bs pra pprns and s,

ndrpnnd by ngrad assssmn nrn srs and s, png ds mpxy

and rang nrn sss n a arr gvrnan s and mmnang ss pb.

Gba and rgna parnrsps an p bd nsns nrs and an rggr nssary

an and mmna bns.

tr ar ky wn wn nvsmn pprns. inrasd rr s fny d m prjd

38% nras n gba ra dmand by 2025 w a 25% dras n Nrgn rr appan.

armrs an bn dry n s savngs; nrs an avd sy advrs mpas r nara

rsrs rm xss nrns; srmn an bn rm wr s ks; pb bns rm

sysm srvs and a ay nvrnmn.

t nsrvan and raban ky nrn snk abas, s as wands, grassands and rss

w b an mpran ar nana and a nrn managmn pans.

Food for thought - some facts and gures

Managng nrns fny s rvan d and nrgy sry, war qay and avaaby,bdvrsy and srs, and ma ang.

i s smad a d sry a wrds ppan s dpndn n rr s. B

m rr s n aay d by rps s armrs and nvrnmn.

hman avs prd arnd 120 m nns rav nrgn a yar, b ny a rd s sd

by arg pans. Sm 20 m nns psprs ar mnd vry yar and nary a nrs

wrds ans 8 ms nara ra np.

A sam m sm aras sr rm nrn srags. in sb Saaran Ara agrr s

prmary ndsry b as ws rr appan ra n wrd, anng r 1% gba

s syn rr, w s nsqn mpa n d prdn.

Many wrds rswar aks, srams, and rsrvrs sr rm rpan xss nrns.

Mns pp dpnd n ws r r war wr nra vs ar w abv rmmndd vs.

Wrdwd, nmbr asa aras mpad by rpan asd by xss nrns sands

a vr 500 ndrmnng nrbn sysms vds and srs and addrssng

ma ang.

Mr an 90% wrds srs dpnd n n way r anr n sarn and narsr abas

and many s abas ar vnrab arm s rpan and x aga bms.

in dvpng nrs an smad 90% waswar, a majr sr xss nrns, arm

a and sysms, s dsargd as nrad n warways and asa aras.

Nrs xd s a pwr grns gas smad b rspnsb n rrn vs r ab 10%

n anrpgn gba warmng pna rm s gass.


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Wee we ae: e lbal cue - muc f a d n

Agrr s majr drvr gray nrasd amn nrgn and psprs n wrd

g s syn psprs and nrgn r rr, ky rp prdn r d,

anma and nrgy bs nds.

larg amns rr, wvr, r sap n amspr, a grndwar, r rn

and ra an xss nrns n nvrnmn. or majr srs xss nrns

rs rm brnng ss s, br prdn, and nrns n waswar prdd by mans,

vsk, aqar and ndsry.

exss nrns as ar pn, war, s and marn dgradan, ss bdvrsy and s,

dsrn n and prvd addna gba warmng pna. tx aga bms and ypxak xygn ns ndrmn asa sysms and r nrbn mng ma ang.

imprvmns av bn mad n ran pn srs ndsra pans xss nrns and

n mng psprs rm drgns. B rss av bn mxd and bns avd a g

nana s n many ass.

impas w wr n argy nnd ndsrasd aras erp and Nr Amra ar

nw as prvan n Asa and S Amra. in Asa, ss brnng and g rr s ar man

ass. in lan Amra, xss nrn sp aras av mrgd rm bmass brnng, vsk

prdn and b prdn. SbSaaran Ara nnds many w a srag avaab

nrns, g r ar prbm aras rm swag and rr s. ts mbaan nds b

addrssd as par an vra appra.

t prbms xss nrns ar xpd ara as dmand r d and bs nrass,

ss s nns and grwng ppans prd mr waswar. ts w b a a grwng

nm s nrs n ss nara rsrs, srvs and jbs.

Ece, ecem and ecnmc c - an eveda, aec

Sm w rds 120m nns nrgn prdd by man avs maks s way n

ar, nand warways and asa n, xdng a nara nps. Sm a 20m nns

psprs mnd a yar maks s way an sm g ms nara np.

Par 1: t nar and sp prbm


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tr s grwng nrn ab s gr an nara vs, rng :

Increasing geographical spread and deepening o environmental and health impacts rom air, soil and

water pollution, to sh kills and dead zones;

Cost to countries and their citizens both through remedial measures and loss o natural resources as well

as income orgone to ineciencies;

Eects on the resilience and contribution o the worlds ecosystems to global climate change and biodiversity

rom additional greenhouse gases to undermining the ability o terrestrial and coastal ecosystems to

absorb carbon;

Need to address shortages o nutrients in some parts o the world.

ts mpas and ss ar parar mpran n nx asa ns, w nan gy

prdv sysms as w as arg rban nrs. 21 wrds 33 mgas ar asa and

as w as bradr mpas nrn xss, s w prvd a vdn nrn mpas

addna man swag, and was rm aqar and ndsry.

ts grwng nrns sggs a nd r gvrnmns and sakdrs mv wards wr nrgn

and psprs nps man avs rg agrd rs m and ra dsargs, prm

fns and nnvs n prdn, and mak s rs and ryng pns. ts

appras an as p n aras nrn srag and mak as r mr v dsrbn

nrn avaaby s aras.

Prd nrgvrnmna rvws 1995 Washington Global Programme o Action or the Protection

o the Marine Environment rom Land-based Activities (GPA) prvd a ky pprny r gvrnmns

nsdr s appras wn a ramwrk ngrad warsd and asa n managmn,

ndng r asa s and das and ypx and rp aras.

Nuen and Ecem - eucan and dead zne

exss nrns nrng marn nvrnmn as pypankn and aga bms w an

bk g rpan. t xy ps war, ks s and ndrmns sysms. ts an

ad xygn dpn ypxa r dad ns. in 2007, 415 rp and ypx asa sysms

wrdwd wr dnd 169 dnd ypx aras, 233 aras nrn and 13 sysms n rvry

WRi, 2008. S aras ar prsn n ny n nsd sas, s as Ba and Bak Sas, b as n

arg asa aras s as arnd cangjang and Mkng Das and Araban Sa, ndng wr

r ar nrnanay mpran srs.

Dela - aea f aec mance

Sm 70 prn wrds ppan vs and wrks n da aras. ty ar mpran nrs

agrra prdn and wr sng s an mpran vd. Agrr s nnsv w

rrgan anns drawn rm rvr sysms a mak p da. t da ass n Asa ar

n rngd w mangrvs and as av sagrass and ra r sysms sr n many pas.

ts ararss man a das av arg amn nrn nps and xprn dr

advrs nsqns. hwvr, s as maks da rgns pna rbs ang, ndng

as mpnns ngrad war and asa managmn, and a ransn wr arbn ss.

ev nrn managmn, ndng nrbn agrr and srs d sry

and sysm srvs an b an mpran par aaysng s ang.


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Figure 1:

Bricker, S.,

B. Longstaf,

W.Dennison,

A. Jones, K.

Boicourt,

C.Wicks and J.

Woerner. 2007.

Figure 2:

World Hypoxic

and Eutrophic

Areas


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Cacade, c and cmle - a waeed mdel

Rav nrgn s parary angng. A sng m rav nrgn may mv sssvy

rg nvrnmn n a vary ways asng n rn a sssn arm mpas nrgn

asad. in ar, s mans mr n asng rsprary amns and vgan damag. rm

ar, nrgn as sra adyng bdngs, ss and war bds, and rng rs and

grassands, rang nrn mbaans and angng bdvrsy. on rang asa ns an arm

s sks and bdvrsy. nay, par rav nrgn nvrs nrs xd, nrbng

grns gass and n dpn.

This illustrates the need or approaches such as integrated watershed/coastal zone management, which address

multiple impacts, and the trade-os and synergies that arise between ecosystem services and human well-being.

Figure 3: The Nitrogen Cascade (Galloway and others 2003)


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ExCEss AND shortAgE - A priCE Worth pAyiNg?

Fdecu

t grwng s xss nrns nds b br ndrsd and rvrsd by gvrnmns and

sakdrs ang arss a brad sprm nrn avs. ts mans ngagng w prm

drvr nrn s d sry and dmnsrang a appra wards mr ssanab

nrn s advad r an pay an mpran r.

tr ar a nmbr nxa sss. rs, d sry n a wrds ppan

rss n appan nrgn and psprs rrs.

Sndy, nary n bn pp ar ad by nsfn d prdn, a majr ar bng

a srag nrns rm rrs. in sbSaaran Ara, agrr s rgns prmaryndsry, b as ws rr appan ra n

wrd, anng r 1% gba s syn rr

n sm smas.

Many nrs n rgn appar av ngav anna

nrn baans, manng a mr ssna pan nrns

ar bng rmvd rg arvss r bng nadvrny

s rm agrra ds an ar bng nrdd n

sysm. ev sns rr dns n

s aras, and rsng nras n d prdn,

an av psv mpas n pvry rdn and mng

Mnnm Dvpmn Gas.

in a s prbms w ar n nnd sb

Saaran Ara, and ras grw n wrd ppan,

2009 Wrd d Smm s an nrasd d prdn

arg 70% by 2050. ts wd rqr sgnan mprvmns n agrnm managmn and rp

yd w mpan a rr s w nras as and s nnss.

i ang mr v nrn managmn s b m and vra xss nrgn and

psprs s b nrd and rdd, w b ky sw a sng rr mr fny an

mak a ra nrbn ssanab d sry, ndng n aras vra srag nrns.

t nra argmn n s rgard s a gnray rrs ar n vrappd, r appd wn yann b vy d by rps, vn n aras vra nrn srag. Sm 20% nrgn

rr s s rg sra rn r ang n grndwar, w psprs bnds s

Par ii: engagng w drvrs nrn s


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and s s rg s rsn. Mrvr, n aras ngav nrn baans, nrn sss ar d

a vary ars, n ny saw and gy ward ss, b as nv and nfn

appras s and pan nsrvan and rr appan.

In all areas, thereore, there is scope or more ecient and best practice use o nutrients and associated benets

to armers in maximising their expenditure on ertilizer. More eective use and application o better methods

can mean not only better yields but additional resources to armers in cost savings. This rees up valuable cash

resources.

t Gba Parnrsp n Nrn Managmn sks draw ann nd r mr nrns

n aras srag n rdr m grwng dmands r gr vs d prdn. in s

dng, wvr, w prm ndamnay mpran mssag, and mans av , a n

mvng gr vs d prdn nrs nd bd n and mbd appan bs

pras and appras rp and s managmn.

in s way, armrs an bn dry n s savngs, w nrs an avd sy advrs mpas

r nara rsrs rm xss nrns, ndng arm srs w ar as an mpran

par d sry. tr ar ra wn wn nvsmn and dvpmn pprns s

appras ar akn.

ts mssag s nssn w wrk Ao, inrnana nd r Agrra Dvpmn

and inrnana rr indsry Assan. ty av swn a s pssb ngag arg

nmbrs armrs n dnyng and appyng aysp sns nvvng s smp and

mprvd ngs n agrr addrss prbms mprvd rp yd and d sry.

Ene secu and Clmae Cane

t grw n amn nrns n nvrnmn, spay nrgn, as as bn drvn n

arg par by dmand r nrgy drvd rm brnng ss s. As n as d sry,

amps addrss xss nrns w as nd m nrns nrs vr nrgy sry.

indd, r s a s ransp bwn ss s and

nrgn prdn. Mr ss mbsn r ranspran,

and ndsra and nrgy prdn rss n rman

nrgn xd Nox, w apar rm nrbng dry

rang nvrnmna prbms prvsy dsrbd, as

nss a pwr grns gas.

hsray, as ndsra rvn prgrssd, vry

avaaby ss s pd rggr and nab amn

ndsra prdn syn nrgn b gray arad.

carbn dxd rsng rm prdn rr s as w

sa s n as sdy n cns agrr, an mpran

mpnn sm nrs vra grns gas mssns.

nay, s wards rnwab nrgy srs as d

addna s rr r prdn rps and bmass

r bnrgy and b prdn. crrny, bnrgy

nrbs 13% gba nrgy s, w bs nrb 2.5%. t nn n gba

rr s s s ravy margna, b as prsn ma and nrgy ps nd sma b

prdn, nn n rr s and prdn nrgn w nd grw, dpndng n

w ss and rps ar sd and n w ar nrgn fns n d prdn an b nrasd.

tr s as vdn a a angs n and s angs, .g. angs n uS wards sng yps and r bs, an av mpran and ravy sw s n rms rpan s as n

G Mx, ang sysms and bdvrsy.


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tr s, mrvr, grwng vdn a amn rav nrgn n nvrnmn s payng

an mpran r n ran ma ang and a r ar mpran wn wn nvsmn

pprns n nvsng n ms n mssns Nox and fny nrn s and mvs away

rm ran n ss s and wards a wr arbn sy. t vars ransps, ndng

pssb mpas xss nrns n sysm a, wr prd by a sd vn a uN cma

cang cnvnn mng n cpnagn n Dmbr 2009, sd by inrnana Nrgn

inav iNi and gvrnmns und Sas and Nrands.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has requested urther research on climate change and nutrients

linkage. Wrk s bng akn rward ndr asps iNi.

Ky sss w ar bng addrssd ar:

The ormation o nitrous oxide (N2O): n m as apprxmay 330 ms grns

warmng pna n m arbn dxd. N2o vs ar smad as rspnsb r

sm 10% gba warmng pna. A rms nrgn an m N2o, ndng rrs and

anma manrs. A sam m, xss nrgn smms nras warmng by png

r nmng radan and by nrasng co2 pak;

The beneits o more eicient ertilizer use b n rms nrs xd rdn, and n rms

rdng arg ss nrgy np and s arbn mssns n prdn and

manarng rrs;

Increased use o bio-uels and s rr as a sr rnwab nrgy n rspns nrns

ab ma ang, and wr r ar vra wr grns gas bns;

The relationship between nutrients and biodiversity loss and r bdvrsy sysms n

arbn sqsran. Nrns an nrb pan grw and r rss and ss

n sqsrng arbn. B nrs xd as as damagd grassands and ndr cnvnn

n Bga Dvrsy vs nrns ar a ngav nsrvan ndar;

Blue carbon: mpas xss nrns n undermining the resilience o estuarine, coastal and marine

ecosystems and their ability to play an important role in both climate change adaptation and mitigation,

.g., pna sysms s as sagrasss absrb and sqsr arbn.


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Wee we ae:

A broad range o interventions could reduce nitrogen releases to the environment by some 50m tonnes, one-

third o human-induced increases

t prvs par as s nar nrn ang, prbms w ars and w

ky drvrs s as d and nrgy sry nd b addrssd. ts Par ss n rrn bs

appras, srags and pras s n brad sns nrn managmn, drawng n

mara rm GPNM parnrs.

t xamps ar ar rm xasv. t am s gv a avr brad avy n nrn

sss, and wa s pssb, sng xamps w sra:

1. How the main sectoral drivers involved in nutrient issues, s as agrr, nrgy and waswar,

an b sd n ns and bs avng ssanab nrn s and prdn, namy:

avdng nnssary mssns and njns nrgn and psprs n nvrnmn

wr pssb; r nssary s n ms fn, s v way; rs any srps

s nrns rm nssary s; and

2. How these approaches contribute to national goals s as man and sysm a, a w arbn

sy, and d sry, ndng wr nrs a nrn srags.

t rasn r s s s a a nra r and ga Gba Parnrsp n Nrn Managmn

s p:

Identiy and oster opportunities which can be applied by countries or scaled up as part o a more concerted

national and international eort; and

Mainstream these best practices and approaches within countries so that eective nutrient management

is embedded and benets realized.

Ardngy, na par s bk n gs n sw w s bs pras an b brg

gr, srngnd and ndd mansramd wdr bns nrs and sakdrs.

Par iii: crrn appras mng nrn ang


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A: Efciency of nutrient use-Putting the farmer rst: agriculture and a low carbon economy

Increasing ertilizer use eciency could meet the projected 38% increase in global cereal demand by 2025 with

a 25% decrease in N ertilizer application. This would reduce ertilizer used by about 15m tonnes o N per year.

Better animal eeding and manure management - low protein animal eed, barn adaptations, covered manure

storage, air purication, better manure application) could decrease nitrogen releases by some 17m tonnes a year.

tr ar a wd rang appras avaab r nrasng rr s fny. ts nd rg rm, ra, md and m appan; mang nrn sppy w rp dmand; mnmng

appan n w sasn rd ang; and sppyng rr pan rar an s.

ty as nd pras a mprv ary rp grw rg gr qay sds and gr pan

dnss, rdn n pss, and mprvd war managmn.

These techniques are applied in various parts o the world and have resulted in increased nutrient eciencies.

t ang, rr, s n nssary a nd ra nw appras r ngs b improve

access and the rationale, including supportive policy and investment rameworks, or using and scaling up

practices, tailored to the needs o users.

tw xamps, rm uSA and erpan unn sk sra w ass and rana an

b mprvd w a s n w arm appras, n srang w nw mda an mpmn

a appra, r w a rang bns an drv rm rgary an. B sra

mpran sakdr ngagmn mmna dr bns armrs. A rd xamp

ms rm a parnrsp appra n cna. i sras pna rr s fny

as a vr r a rang wn wn nana and smms gba bns rm addna nm

armrs wrng pn, majr sp a w arbn nmy.

t wrk Ao and inrnana rr indsry Assan ar ggd sw wdr

bns smar bs pra appras.

An US experience - whole arms and web based access to inormation, tools, technologies and

training

Meeting the needs o people in ways and in ormats o their choosing - right nutrient, right time, right place,

right rate

cnra u.S. appra xss nrns s dvpmn a w arm ngrad nrn

managmn pan. ts s wr py and pra nrs and wr xnsn and ra ar

ra vnary adpn Bs Managmn Pras BMPs. A ky ga s sk wnwn ms

wr armrs sav mny n nrn nps and manan a war qay a s vaab r

mmny.

eXnsn, s a abravy b inrnbasd arnng nvrnmn dvrng snd, snbasd

nrman n a 24/7/365 bass. i as bn sss n uSA n brngng sakdrs gr n

sarng nrman and n prvdng ranng, n parar by srng sns mmns

pra and mmns nrs.

t uS Dparmn Agrr and Nana ins r d & Agrr av wrkd w

Xnsn nrpra rman mmns pra as a par ngrad mpv

gran prgrams.

t sysm aws srs sar r answrs r qsns and answrs prsnd d n

answr r qsn, n sr an sbm r qsn an xpr sng Ask an expr sysm.

A ar Xnsn s s cmmns Pra, grps Xnsn prssnas, rsarrs,

ndsry prssnas and rs nrsd n ps w r xprs n bs pra. ts

grps wrk vray, rprsn a vary nsns and dspns, and ar xb.


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t sysm an b parar va n aras wr rsrs and apay ar nsrand, ang w

ass rg s and ngs. Sp prbms an b dnd and addrssd, and

nrman and xprs rprpsd r drn nds and rmsans.

t bm n s a cmmns Pra an respond to the needs o their public...the Community

o Interest.

The Nitrate Directive o the European Union

t nrdn erpan unns nra drv rprsns a mxr sng dsarg msrg rgan, nnvs wards nvrnmna mprvmns, and sakdr ngagmn.

is appan as sn a grwng awarnss n armng ndsry ab mpran nrn

managmn adng :

Br nrn managmn rsng n rdd nps and nrasd fny;

inrasd appan agrnvrnmna sms n rra dvpmn prgramms;

undrsandng a prdv armng an g and n and w nvrnmna prn rg

br managmn w kpng prdn a smar vs; and

inrdn nnvav agrra pras rsng n mprvd Nra managmn and

sgnan vra savngs by armrs.

tr s a ar mssag ab bns s fny b wdr nana and rgna gas

and sr grps msvs.

The Baltic Sea and the Helsinki Convention - agricultural hot spots

Agrr rmans a majr sr nrn nps Ba Sa and s many nsdrd a ds

sr pn, as nrns ang Ba Sa nr ndry va rn n warsd

ara. t mpas agrr an b rdd by mans brad appan Gd Agrra

Pras a armands wn amn Ba Sa.

Nvrss, nnsd dvpmn ndsra prdn a, pgs and pry wn Ba

Sa ara as d ran a nw sgmn pn pn srs, nrbng sgnany amn nrn ads. trr, s ar bng addrssd n sam mannr as ndsra

pn srs, r xamp through establishment o the list o priority hot spots to be remediated rst.

China and the contribution o agriculture to a Low Carbon

Economy - China and UK Partnership

Trials show that nitrogen use could be cut by at least 30% with

no loss o crop production, achieving savings o 2-3% in Chinas

total GHG emissions as well as boosting net arm incomes and

reducing pollution.

cna and uK ar mmd avng a w arbn

nmy and swng dwn ma ang. lw arbnagrr as a nra r pay n avng s

bjvs and n ms ra ans s mprv nrgn managmn.

cnas agrr and agrma ndsrs an r ab 15% cnas a ss nrgy s

and 20% a GhG mssns. t manar and s syn nrgn rr s rrny

smad an r sm 915% cnas a grns gas GhG mssns as w as nrbng

ad ran, war pn, nrasng rqny rd ds and rdd arm nms.

on ky ans av w arbn agrr n cna s rd nfns n prdn

and s nrgn rsr. tras sw a nrgn s d b by a as 30% w n ss

rp prdn, avng savngs 23% n cnas a GhG mssns as w as bsng n arm

nms and rdng pn. t gba bns wd b qay sgnan as cna ans rsm 30% wrd N rr prdn and 27% gba N rr s.


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cna and uK and s r yar jn prj n Apr 2009 prd a mr mprnsv

vdn bas p cnas nana and prvna py makrs rma and mpmn masrs

mprv nrn managmn, wr dr and ndr GhG mssns and sw dwn ma ang.

t s w b n syn nrgn rsr s r rps, and w as nsdr nks bwn rp

and vsk prdn and pna r mprvd manr s and rgan rsr prdn.

t prj s ndd by uKs rgn and cmmnwa of and by cnas Mnsry Agrr.

t prj rms par cnauK Ssanab Agrr Nwrk s www.sann.rg .

WoRK o the ooD AND AGRicultuRAl oRGANizAtioN (Ao)

The Special ood programme: inay, prgramm sd n png nrs prm and

dssmna smp, ws ngs mprv y ds and nm pr armng

sds rg appan p dmnsran prjs. Sbsqny, prgramm

as sd away rm a prj s wards av advay and sppr argsa, m

mpnn Nana Prgramms r d Sry and Rgna Prgramms r d Sry. ovr

100 nrs av ngagd n SPS w mr an a adpng Nana Prgramms NPS.

cnssn w bs pra dssmnan advad r, ky mpran prgramm

s a s sws s pssb ngag arg nmbrs rra pp n dnyng and appyng

aysp sns nvvng s smp and mprvd ngs n agrr

addrss prbms ngr. i as sws a s sns an n d rs b mansramd

as par bradr nana and rgna prgramms.

Sustainable crop production: in sar r sns pras asng dgradan sysms,

Ao Mmbr cnrs av adpd Ssanab crp prdn innsan as a srag

bjv organan. t np ScPi, abrad n a brr and pbsd by Ao

p://www.a.rg/agrr/rps/rms/m/sp/n/.

t appra mpass prdn nnsan, d a grwng man ppan, b

b dn a ssanab way basd n an sysm appra. ScPi as bn prsnd dgas

drng rn mng cmm Agrr coAG d n Jn 2010 n a dmn

nd Ssanab crp Prdn innsan rg an sysm appra and an nabng

nvrnmn: aprng fny rg sysm srvs and managmn w a prpsd

prgramm r prd 20102025.

iA - the iNteRNAtioNAl eRtilizeR iNDuStRY ASSociAtioN

t inrnana rr indsry Assan iA s a nrpr rganan rprsnng gba rr ndsry. iA as sm 525 mmbrs n ab 85 nrs. Ab a

mmbrsp s basd n dvpng nrs. iA mmbr mpans rprsn a avs rad

prdn, rad, ranspr and dsrbn vry yp r r, r raw maras and

nrmdas. t gba rr ndsry prds sm 170 mn nns rr nrns

annay.

t ndsry nrags adpn rr Bs Managmn Pras BMPs as par

gd agrra pras. t ms mpran mpnns gd agrra pras ar:

sng gqay, gyd sd; sng bs m sw and apprpra mds, w

pmm sd ra and pan ppan; sng apprpra rrs w baand ras, mds

and ms appan; rpnsng rgan mar; adpng apprpra managmn pras.


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B. Avdance f nuen emn - Ene and an, bunn f fuel, a qual and uman

eal

Using best available technologies nitrogen release during ossil uel combustion can be reduced by one third,

rom about 24m to about 16m tonnes a year.

The United States Environment Protection Agency estimates the net benets o the Clean Air Act Amendments

o 1990 at $690 billion or the period 1990-2010.

A study by the Ontario Medical Association ound that air pollution, due to excess reactive nitrogen and other

pollutants, cost Ontario citizens more than $1 bn a year in hospital admissions. Such studies are needed in all

countries.

Nrgn xds Nox rm wn s brnd a g mprars. t prmary srs Nox ar

mr vs, r s, and r ndsra, mmra, and rsdna srs a brn s.

in erp n 2005 sars wr rad ranspr 40% , pwr pans 22%, ndsry 16%, rad ranspr

15% and rsdna sr 7% Vsrng a., 2007a. An n rbng Nox mssns av bn argy

nnrad n ary ndsrang nrs and rgns uS and erp, rng g

vs mssns and rgnn damag man a and nvrnmn rg ad

ran. Smna mvs av bn rg can Ar gsan by nrs, dvpmn sp

ngs m and prvn mssns, and rgna pran, .g. rg uN ece lng

Rang transbndary Ar Pn cnvnn.

ts rs ar nsrv bas nrbn mad by s rgns vra No x vs

erpan mssns Nox appar av nrbd ab 30% gba Nox mssns n 1990

ovr a., 1998; caa a, 2007. t uS and erpan xprns sw a apprpra ans

and ngy an b akn and appd rd and prvn mssns. cnrd rgary an,

naby n ran ad ran as man wr vs mssn rm a rd pans, and amssn

nrs and anr brnng ngns av pd k grw ranspr mssns.

M r as as bn nvsd n erp as w as n uS and canada, b a nana and a

erpan wd v wn ramwrk cnvnn lngrang transbndary Ar PnlRtAP. tw Prs rgang Nox av nrd n r; 1988 Sa Pr ss a m

nana anna mssns r ransbndary x nrgn xds a 1987 v, w

basd 1999 Gnbrg Pr ss xd mssn ngs r 2010.

Wn eu, a nmbr Drvs av bn mpmnd Nana emssn cngs Drv

dns sgy mr ambs 2010 mssn ngs r sm Mmbr Sas an Gnbrg

Pr, w larg cmbsn Pan Drv and Was innran Drv, as w as sandards

r rad vs arg sp srs. Vsrng a., 2006; S a., 2007 nd a

mpmnan sr masrs nr Nox mssns s a man rasn r nnd Wsrn

erpan mssn rdns, vn awng r sw v rnvr, ps n ypapprva

sng, and an nras n ds nsmpn. tr appars b a smar m n uS, g

wrng vra v mssn vs av bn prbma.

ts psns an b nrasd w vn mssns n Asa, lan Amra, Mdd eas

and Ara, wr ss py rgans ar n pa and Nox mssns ar nrasng Naja a., 2003;

caa a., 2007. t s appyng ngy, sprad ss s and ndsraan, and

sr nras n vs av ndrmnd rs. ts sad s arnd wrd ar grappng

w vars, smms w s sns, smms gr s s as rpamn ax s

ar pn rm vs. t appan nga sns bakd by nrd nana

and rgna srags and rgans an mak a ra drn. in a nrns a s

appras an b xpnsv, nrs and sakdrs nd b awar wdr s bns

akng an, n js a bns b s drvd rm rdng mpa xss nrgn

n asa and marn sysms and s n ma ang. Nana and rgna agns andbds dang w s mpas an sy p mak as r addd va akng an

and nras pa mmnm.


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C. re-ue - waewae, wae qual and uman and ecem eal

Humans produce about 20m tonnes o nitrogen each year in human waste. Less than 1% undergoes tertiary

sewage treatment that makes it harmless.

In the developing world, some 90 percent o sewage is discharged untreated into rivers. Less than 35 percent

o cities treat sewage.

t dsargs and mpas xss nrns nand n waswar rm war qay aga

bms and ss srs and rsm ar par a wdr s prbms ab nn and ak

ramn waswar. ts nr n nd m bas sanan and a nds

many mns pp. hwvr, r ar ra rsr and vd advanags gvrnmns and

r ns rm a mr rdnad, ngrad appra waswar managmn. ts mans

psnng ans n akng advrs mpas xss nrns as par vra sn and

appra mprvd sanan and man a arsng waswar dsargs mr gnray.

t ray, r xamp, s a ramn swag sysms wng radna mds prmary

rary ramn ar vry xpnsv and n prbvy s. Rs nrns n waswar

d p avd xssv ramn ss ws prvdng bns n rms rgan rr. t

nrn anng apay nara sysms r ramn waswar, s as agns, pnds, and

wands d b d. Sysms xs, prad n b dvpng and dvpd nrs, r

nvrsn waswar n sab rsrs. ts ngrad sysms mbn prsss and

pras pm rsr s by ryng waswar s a war and nrns an b rsd.

can bsds an b sd n agrr as rr and mprv s srr.

tr ar many xamps rs. in cna, r xamp, r ar vry arg arms a ar ams s

sfn n rms nrgy and nrns bas v ryng r was srams. in

inda, caa wand sysm prvds wrds args xamp waswar d aqar.

t wands rv ab 555,000 b mrs nrad waswar pr day w ws rg

ab 3,000 ars nsrd s pnds. Anna s prdn amns 13,000 ns.

Dmnsrang sp addd va rs an as p addrss a man prbm w waswar

ramn n a rs band ar ramn s n rgnsd as a vaab prd. Ky

dmnsrang and rang addd va s sng waswar managmn and nrn mpas wn

an ngrad appra a nsdrs a man avs and r ras sysm srvs and

aks a sysm mpnns and r nrans n an. r xamp, nra bwn

rswar and asa sysms gnras sm ms prdv sysms n ar sars,

das, and mangrvs, w dpnd n baan bwn w sysms. An sysm basd

appra as ggd r das n Par 1 an dvr a wn wn nvsmn pprns and

ssanab rsr bns arss a rang avs.

Sick Water ? The central role o wastewater in sustainable development, a prav rapd assssmnrpr bwn uN haba, uNeP and uNSGAB n parnrsp w uN War ss s an ngrad,

sysm basd appra and bns brngs. i sggss w ws nvsmns n waswar

managmn w gnra sgnan rrns, a ky sp n rdng pvry and ssanng sysm

srvs.insad bng a sr prbms, wmanagd waswar an b a psv addn

nvrnmn w n rn w ad mprvd d sry, a and nm bns. i ss

n sns and w angs, ndng dang w xss nrns, an b rnd arnd. i nds

a apprpra sns w rqr nnvan a b nds pp, rd vm and

namnan waswar prdd, w ra r rs was, and w d n an ardab

ssanab way. Rqrd radng w sras w uN agns an n ny sar gas b p

xprs and mak ms nvsmn pprns.


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The Caribbean Regional Fund or Wastewater Management - a Regional Seas approach

t dgradan carbban marn nvrnmn ndng rg dsarg nrad

waswar s a srs nrn r s nrs ws vds dpnd avy n r nara

marn rsrs. Snss av dnd a nmbr srs nsqns marn pn

asd by nrad waswar. in 2001, uNeP/GPA ndd a pagn rgansms n wars

namnad by waswar dsargs as massv ransmssns ns dsass bars

and nsmrs raw and ndrkd ss; rsarrs smad gba mpa a uS$10bn pr yar. t Jn Grp exprs n Sn Asps Marn envrnmna Prn

GeSAMP snss nrrd a nn sad and ss rs rg dspsa rban/

dms waswar. ty as advsd a r s massv pdmga vdn a nr

and rsprary dsass an b asd by bang/swmmng a marn asa bas namnad

[rg] xpsr pn rm dms waswar srs. t uNeP/GPA 2006 rpr n

Sa Marn envrnmn, sngd nrad waswar nrng wrds ans and sas

as ms srs prbm nrbng marn pn ndng carbban.

Dsarg nrad waswar as r mpas as w swag was n man ars

a ad asd sm 80 prn vng ra n carbban b s vr pas wny yars.

Damag by nrad waswar marn nvrnmn ndng vng ra an brng ab svr

nm nsqns r pp n carbban. t carbban Sa Assssmn cARSeA sdy

nd a carbban s rgn n wrd ms dpndn n rsm r jbs and nm,

w sng s as a sgnan sr b nm and sbssn. Y b s srs ar

dry rand by waswar dsarg.

in rspns abv mnnd san, inrAmran Dvpmn Bank iDB and

uNeP ar mpmnng a rgna prj ndd by Gba envrnmna ay Ge nd

tsng a Pryp carbban Rgna nd r Waswar Managmn cRW. uNePs Rgna

Sas carbban envrnmn Prgramm w b ad xng agny r rgna prj

avs. t cRW prj w nss v mpnns www.p.np.rg:

A fexible and innovative investment and nancing mechanism or wastewater management in the contexto the Cartagena Convention and its Protocol on Marine Pollution rom Land-based Sources and Activities

(LBS) including a pilot nancing mechanism or wastewater projects. A prj dvpmn ay

wndw w prvd na asssan prj spnsrs p brng prjs bankab

sas; and a na apay srngnng sbmpnn r waswar ps;

A policy, institutional and legislative reorm component which will nance actions or improved wastewater

management that is consistent with the Global Programme o Action Plan Guidelines on Municipal

Wastewater Management through: apay bdng r py and nsna srngnng a

nana and a v; a gsav rrm sbmpnn rvwng xsng gsav ramwrks

r waswar managmn and dvpng ks r mprvng waswar gsan, rgna

ranng n nrmn and mprvng mpan w bgans lBS Pr and s Annx

iii n waswar managmn; and awarnss rasng sng bs pras rm r nrs ,

nrnanay and wn rgn nras vnss and ssanaby nrvnns.

A communications, outreach and inormation exchange component that would permit regional

dialogue, linkages, coordination, communications and liaison between CReW sta, counterpart agencies,

implementing partners, related programs (e.g., in integrated water resources management), and relevant

Caribbean stakeholders including the private sector through: ranng n dmnan prj

rss; and an ngrad nrman sysm arng s mansm and nrman sysm;

A monitoring and evaluation component or related activities: rvwng prpsd ndars and

drmnng mdgy r sabsng basn and rprng arrangmns; and

A project management component, ndr w a gvrnan srr wd b sabsd as prmary rdnan mansm r anng and mpmnng cRW.


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Lack o an overview o available inormation and tools is a key barrier to eective nutrient management -

2006 Beijing Review meeting o the GPA

earr pars av srad sp, sa and mpran ang, b a r ar pras

and appras and a wngnss addrss m. t am as bn sw a nrn ang

an b rnd rg a s n ssanab nrn nsmpn and prdn avdng

nnssary prdn, maxmng fny s, and aprng xss rg rs, ndng

wrkng w nara sysms pm r nrn ryng r.

hwvr, andsap nrn nrman s dsprsd, akng an vra appra nrman

gnran and s s. inrman nds b nsdad and synssd, ndng as w

managmn appras wrk and wy, and knwdg gaps dnd r a rgns. tr s as a

nd r mr ngrad and mdspnary assssmn nrn srs and s w an

p ds mpxy and rang nrn sss n a arr gvrnan and managmn s.

tr s as a ak nrman n nrn sss and s n ran wdr pb, ndng

as nsmrs nd prds rm ds an war.

Sss, wvr, rqrs mr an dnyng bs pra pprns, and br nrman.

i w rn n xn w bs pras and appras ar mbddd mansramd n

way nrs and r nsn pars pra. Sss as rqrs a sragy ngagmn

w s w nn parns nrn dmand and sppy.

As nrn ang s nnd nana gas dvpmn, d sry, and

managmn nara rsrs, s mans nnng py makng and rsr vrs

avaab gvrnmns rm nana and sra pannng ma appras s as asa

n managmn. i as mans rggrng dr nrs man ndsrs, and sr

grps nvvd n nrn avs, rm waswar ramn rsm rm armrs srmn.

esabsng nsns sard nrs and an sd n v nrn managmn, s

nrbn ssanab dvpmn and r nds, ndng ass nssary s.

t na par s bk s ssn n g prvs pars ars a sragy ngagmn

and abran sssy bd ndans n w ssanab nrn managmn an b

rad. t prmary ga s mbddng bs pras and appras nrn managmn,

dnyng wa nds b s n mn by and wn nrs and w s ans an b rggrd.

Gba advay s mpmnd by prssr rm grnd rnrng argmns r ang a

gr vs and v vrsa, sarng a mmn m mansramng v nrn managmn.

A nmbr sps ar s nrsprsd by xamps ngrad appras b managmn

and assssmn mnang n advay an vra bx, w an p gd py makrs

mak s v nvsmn dsns.

Par iV: Wr w nd g nw mansramng bs pras ndans


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te 4 Fundan

1. Buldn a aed nee and aenda amn cune Ene secu and

Clmae Cane

t sa nrn ang s n w knwn. A rs sp s aays a nw srag s

amng nrs n nrn managmn a sard nrs and agnda a gba v arnd

wy ssanab prdn and s nrgn and psprs s mpran gba ssanab

dvpmn and bn nrs, and mmna a nrman vy pymakrs/ sakdrs. ts rqrs:

The articulation o high level, evidence based policy messages, which resonate with the needs and

approaches o countries. t mssags nd dmnsra a mpran v nrn

managmn ky gba and nry nrss s as d sry, sysm and man a,

and a w arbn nmy; b a r ar ra ss nan b nrrd b as bns

b band rm pran.

Insertion into inter-governmental ora. t nrn ang and py mssags nd b

mmnad and brg bar n wrk bds n w nrn sss mpa. ts

nd, nr aa, uN cmmssn n Ssanab Dvpmn, cnvnns n Bga

Dvrsy and cma cang, Rgna Sas cnvnns and An Pans, Gba envrnmn

ay Ge and uN agns.

in s way, a sard nrs and agnda an b b p amng gvrnmna prsss dang w

ssanab dvpmn and pvry rdn as nrbn v nrn managmn.

inrgvrnmna agrmns and parnrsps an r s nrs and spr nana rs.

Gba adva: r s appn r nds b a aays ara and mmna s

mssags. t Gba Parnrsp n Nrn Managmn gvrnmns, uN agns, prva sr,

snss and NGos ms s nd, prvdng a parm r sakdrs dssmna nrman

and bs pras arss a rang prsss and srs. t sn mmny an pay a ky r

n ndrpnnng and png s aay and advay r by nsgang py rvan nrn

assssmn basd n ngrad rgna prsss and nds.

the iNteRNAtioNAl NitRoGeN iNitiAtiVe AND iNteGRAteD NitRoGeN ASSeSSMeNtS

t r iNi s p mnm advrs nvrnmna and man a mpas

nrgn N w pmng s r n ssanng d prdn and nrgy s. i wrks rg

6 rgna nrs Ara, eas Asa, S Asa, erp, lan Amra, and Nr Amra, ang

w a gba rdnan f.

i ams mmna a nw ssanaby ransp w nrgn ndr w nrnana

mmny wrks ways s N mr fny, w ar ss damag an rrn sag nas

bns and ras nrgn mdrn sy.

t erpan Nrgn Assssmn www.raprn.rg w b and n Sprng 2011 ndr

asps uNeces cnvnn n lng Rang transbndary Ar Pn. i rs

rgnn nd amng erpan gvrnmns and nsns r a mr s rsar

and managmn sragy n ran nrgn gvn mpx wb nrn rad sss

and rang nsrmns and bds y nvv. t ndryng gas s nrb ky

dvpmn ms, s as d sry and sysm a. A Rapd Aran Assssmn s

rrny bng akn rward and nr aa w p rm bass r dvpmn nrn

rad parnrsps. An uS ngrad assssmn as bn ndd by Sn Advsry

Bard ePA.


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2. Buldn a aed nanal nee and aenda - venmen advcac andengagement: policy frameworks and proong

t mrgng sard nrs and agnda a gba v nds b ransad by gvrnmns

n a smar srag s a nana v, and, wvr, r wn prrs, mans and

nsns.

A ky sp s r gvrnmns nrpra v nrn managmn n r py, nsna

and nvsmn ramwrks, ways n w y sk dr nana gas and ngag w srs.

ts mans nsrng va v nrn managmn n gvrnmna nsns and

appras amd a avng d sry, managmn nara rsrs, man a, war

qay, w arbn s and s n.

in s rgard, s mpran psn nrn managmn wn and as an addd va nrbn

bradr rs nd nvrnmnay ssanab nara rsr managmn as a r

bjv n gvrnmn pannng, s png nsr dvpmn ams ar n ndrmnd by

nssanab s nara rsrs.

Py makng and xn an n sar b nrn prd wrby gvrnmna prsss

nsdr nd avd arm mpas and dny bns fn nrn s. r s

appn, wvr, py makrs, pannrs, majr srs and grps nd b nvnd r ar:

enm ss nry n rms dgradan by xss nrns vaab nara

rsrs and srvs and jbs y prvd;

Wn wn nvsmn pprns arss srs s as rs waswar r agrr, and

bns rm mr fn nrn s armrs rm avdan s nm, srmn rm

akng dad ns; and

Avaaby s v s and nrman s a mprvmns an b dnd, rad

and sad p.

t gba v advay an p sma s nvn. B nrs wn sakdrs nd b ngagd, bdng nsns nrs and an n nrn managmn, ndng rg

sakdr parnrsps, aang ass and bns gd pras and appras. t

Rgna Sas cnvnns and An Pans d pay an mpran r r advay a a rgna v

rg prvsn : rgna sn/py nra; rasng awarnss n rvan sss; and

wrkng rg dmnsran prjs n grnd.

3. Buldn cnuence f nee and acn - wde akelde advcac and

enaemen a nanal and enal level

t g v py ss ar nssary ndans n prvdng adrsp and nabng and gmng

ramwrks srs, majr grps and r sakdrs nd knw y av sppr

gvrnmn and nvsmn prsss y ar ak rward n grnd nrvnns.

hwvr, argmns r mr v nrn managmn and ampanyng nrvnns

ar ak r y nd b rd n mr dry rvan sra and rss sra py

ramwrks s as s and ar qay pans and ngrad war and asa n managmn pannng.

ts prvd dry rvan ass pns r nrn managmn drawng n a spprv ramwrk

sysm basd rsr managmn and sakdr ngagmn.

Gd pra srags and mr sp s r avdng nrn akag, nrasng s fny, and

rs xss nrn prdn an b b p n s nx, nssn w bradr ssanaby

py ramwrks w an nd vra nvsmn and pa sppr. Bs pra, r xamp,

mg sggs dvpmn nrn bsnss pannng by arms, w mg mpmn ans


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a warsd and nana vs. A bradr nana appra mg na dvpmn

nana nrn pans r mms, and/r rgna maxmm nrn ads.

Rgna pran: nrn mpas rad marn and ar av srng rgna nxs, and nr

gvrnmna pran a rgna v prvds an nra bwn gba and nanay

rvan py mssags and appras. Bakd p by ngrad rgna nrgn and psprs

s assssmns, r s sp r dvpmn rgna sakdr parms makng s

rgna sas agrmns, rgna ar qay bds, and arg marn sysms mappd

by Gba envrnmn ay. ts s arady bgnnng appn w mvs sabs rgna

nrn managmn parms n inda, Asa and Ara spprd by para rs n rgna nrn

assssmn.

the GloBAl eNViRoNMeNt AcilitY AND the BlAcK SeA the ecoNoMic coStS o DeGRADAtioN

AND the WiN to WiN ReMeDiAl BeNeitS

t Bak Sa Basn s a ransbndary xamp w sysm basd pran amng

uN agns and nrs an prm and mansram v nrn managmn. t Sa

as bn dgradd by massv vrrsan and rpan rm nrgn and psprs,

argy as a rs agrra, dms and ndsra srs, ndng swag.

t grw n amn nrns n nvrnmn, spay nrgn, as as bn drvn

n arg par by dmand r nrgy drvd rm brnng ss s. As n as

d sry, amps addrss xss nrns w as nd m nrns nrs

vr nrgy sry. t Ge ndd Parnrsp as bn sabsd w pran

Wrd Bank, uNDP, uNeP and r mara and bara nanrs and basn nrs. i ams

addrss r ass nvrnmna dgradan n rgn and prm nvsmns and

apay bdng rrn Bak Sa/Danb Basn nvrnmn s 1960s ndn. t Ge

Wrd Bank invsmn nd r Nrn Rdn n rgn rprsns mr an $82 mn

n Ge nvsmn and na ms mpran rs rd nrn srsss n rgn.

t ra vra ga prj nrs ar rqrd adp srags and masrs a

prm nm dvpmn ws nsrng raban asa and marn sysms

rg pn nr and rdn nrns.


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iNteGRAteD WAteRSheD AND coAStAl MANAGeMeNt iN PRActice

t pna py bns akng a mr ngrad managmn appra nrn ass

and s an b srad by wrk uS snss, ndrakn ndr asps uS

Nana oan and Amspr Admnsran NoAA.

ty nd a ga a uS asa wars was srsy rand by nrn

pn, and a r was a nd addrss n a mprnsv way nx xss nrns

rm pand warsds pr nans sars. ty ndd a rdng rp

ndns wd rqr rdnad and ngrad an a baans managmn an, fn

mnrng assss vnss managmn, argd rsar, and a mmnan

ampagn amd a ngagng bradr mmny. Rmmndans wr :

impmn mr aggrssv managmn ans rd nrns r mprvmns n

rp ndn;

capa n mnrng nga nnvans bsrvng sysms, rm snsng, wb

rsrs mprv mprnsv assssmn rpan sas n a rdnad

and my asn;

s rsar n mprvng assssmn: rsvng nrany, sabsng rra/

rsds, and ngagng managrs, rsarrs, py makrs, and mmny w

assssmn pdas a a, rgna, and nana vs; and

Dvp s qanavy ra vnss py appras.

t xamp csapak Bay p.26 sras w s appras an b arad and spprd

agans a md basd n nrgn asad dsrbd n Par i qanyng nrn nps

and r ss. in s way py appras an b br assssd r s vnss. i s as

s a bs pra and md w as pna r wdr appan. i an as p m

n man angs nrgn managmn rsng rm nrgn asad, nd

r a nrd r arss majr sra srs w s srs rav nrgnas m as pssb and d n rs n pn swappng.

4. Buldn an mlemenan ad - n e und advcac and enaemen: an

neaed be acce l b

A spprv py nvrnmn n w gd pra nrvnns an b advad, mad and

nrrd s n ng. embddng gd pras nds r nds and rmsans

srs a bsnss nd prss, mpmnan.

t mpmnan ray may b n gv and ak, w sp nrvnns png sap

bradr ps and appras and nrvnns and ampanyng s avng b adapd

and sapd by a rmsans. ts s praps w sd b w n n md, appra rpra ng a. Mrvr, srs nd ass rg s n rdr arry v angs.

t dvpmn a sysma and mprnsv nrn managmn bx an p m s

adapv and nrav prss, mpmnng bradr angs, ndng ndng spy

s mssags nd arr ab ss and bns. i sd vr rang s,

rm nrn srags and parnrsps, bs s managmn pras, ngs, nana

mansms, mdng and assssmn. And sd nrpra prparan ranng pakags

p nrs and srs mpmn bs pras and appras.

in mbrang xang ssns arnd and bs pras and appras rm navs rm

arnd wrd, s, mrvr, an b rd rvan yp an bng sg, r r

prpsd m nds srs and prdrs a apprpra v, s as arms and warsds.Parnrsps amng nrn sakdrs an pay an mpran r n aang s xang and

rprpsng.


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Figure 5: Chemical Nitrogen

Cascade: Chesapeake Bay - costs

o excess nutrients (Moomaw &

Birch, 2005)

Figure 6: Economic Nitrogen

Cascade: Chesapeake Bay - costs

o excess nutrients (Moomaw &

Birch, 2005)

A ky sp n s prss sd b nkng bs pra masrs w mds nw avaab

r qanyng and anayng srs and mpas xss nrns. tw s mds ar

srad r Gba NeWS2uSe and land oan inrans n casa zn prgramm

loicz b w pra ndr asps ioc/uNeSco, rng nrns ab mpas n asa aras.

ts appras, brngng gr rrny dsprsd daa ss ab nrn s, an p

prvd py makrs w a md anay and prd ky mpa sp masrs and

s. ts as pna p prvd a rad map wa nvsmns py makrs an br

mak n addrssng nrn managmn arss vars srs nvvd.

cnssn w on uN mssag s bk, Gba Parnrsp n Nrn Managmn

w b sd p dvp s a bx and assad anayss and mdng n njnn w

wrk uN agns nvvd n nrn rad wrk, xprs parnrs and sppr

Ge drawng n s wn arnng nwrks.


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QuANtitAtiVe NutRieNt MoDelliNG - GloBAl NeWS2uSe : ioc/uNeSco

cnpa and qanav mds an ngra nrman ab nrans bwn

pp and sysms and marks a avy nn parns rsr s. t

inrgvrnmna oangrap mmssn uNeSco as dvpd GbaNeWS2uSe

prd mr rn anayss, ang w assad dvpmn s v py

masrs and snars, n rdr nrm mr ngrad nrn managmn.

NeWS2uSe ams prvd a qanav appra anay spaa rrans bwn nrn

adng and s s as ypxa rrns. i w xamn w asa sysms ar ky

rspnd xpd angs n asa nrn adng vr nx svra dads.

t man ms w b qanav anayss mpas nrn adng and angng nrn

ras n asa sysms n rpy ypxa, arm aga bms and srs. Rgna and

a warsd/asa n maps and mds an b dvpd prvd an assssmn

s vars masrs and asss nrs n akng an ngrad managmn appra.

lAND oceAN iNteRActioNS iN the coAStAl zoNe PRoGRAMMe (loicz)

loicz ams prvd knwdg, ndrsandng and prdn ndd aw asa

mmns assss, anpa and rspnd nran gba ang and a prssrs

w drmn asa ang.

on sgnan and mrgng dvpmn rm s appra s a prpsd nrn bdg

md r sars and das. S appras an as sr nks bwn drn sr grps,

s as armrs and srmn, w may sar sam warsd and dvp sard nrss n

nrn managmn.


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t ams and sps dsrbd abv d n sk apr r ara a a s appnng n ran

nrn sss and r managmn. t brad s sss and rad avs, w g

ar w nrs pra and dvp, mak a mpraa.

t ray arnd wrd s a d msa navs, ans and prsss, smms nnd,

smms n and rspnsv a rang smm nradry drvrs. i s wy s bk as

nnrad n a sragy ngagmn sd n mansramng and mpmnng bs pras

and appras, a srr r nrs and sakdrs s.

i s an ad absrbng w nrman, dsrnng ssna rrn and nds a nw s

n ssanaby s and prdn and png dd wa s mpran, wa wrks and w

sd b prsadd, sapng nrn managmn n a prdv way b w sng nrgy

n grnd rs.

ts appra as rs a ky bsrvan wdr rvan. Sm navs mprv nvrnmna

rsr managmn av avrd r nd r g v srag ngagmn ang brad

gvrnan appras r nrdn n grnd prjs sd n a parar ss. t

appra sggsd r sks mv w mns rward gr srag sppr r wa

wrks and ass s w an wrk.

t bk ns r man ndans n w sss nrn managmn an b rad.

ty ar mpmnary, g as n grnd advay bdng bx an b

sn as ky. Gvrnmns and r sakdrs rqr rg s and appras n rdr s

n wa s s v and an dvr bns. ty nd b ab dvp s v and

ssanab nrn rdn and managmn pans and srags mprv nvrnmna qay,

b ar, r asa wars, and n a way a rass bns sakdrs, rm armrs srmn.

Gvrnan s nrasngy mpx and agns mp r rsrs. An appra w ps

anay and prd mpa bs pra masrs brg gr n a Py t Bx ards

pprny prvd a rad map wa nvsmns py makrs an br mak n addrssng

nrn xss and s srag.

ts mng inrnana Nrgn inav s an mpran pprny p dvp a

appra and sppr rg mprvd assssmns. t rvw by gvrnmns 1995

Wasngn Gba Prgramm n 2011 w b a ky pprny r gvrnmns and r sakdrs

sra w ndans r ssanab nrn managmn ar bng p n .

New Delhi

December 2010

Rns a rad aad andnrgvrnmna an


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Rrns

Andrsn, J h., l Sr and G rbjrg, 2006: casa rpan: rn dvpmns n dnns and mpansr mnrng srags, Jrna pankn rsar 28 7 621628

Arrg, K . R., 2007: carbn cy Marn manpans, Nar, 450: 491492.

Bman, J. M., K. R. Arrg, and P. A. Masn. 2005: Agrra rn s arg pypankn bms n vnrab aras an. Nar, 434:211214.

Bn, G. , Bsn, A. Bwman , l. and Garnr J . 2010: Anrpgn nrgn arpy and rrpy wrdswarsds: pas, prsn, and r rnds. Gba Bgm. cys , 24 , GB0A11 , d:10.1029/2009GB003702.

Bs, D. R., 2002a: cangs and pprns r sn n rdng nrn vrnrmn asa sysms. esars 25: 886900.

camarg, J.A. and Ans, A. 2006. ega and xga s nrgan nrgn pn n aqa sysms:a gba assssmn. envrn. inr. 32: 831849. d:10.1016/j.nvn.2006.05.002 PMd:16781774.

capn, c., D.A. Brnk, M.R. Mand, e. carpnr drs, Nrgn n Marn envrnmn. 2nd dn, esvr.

caa, J., Amann, M., Kmn, z., Kpann, K., and hgndisakssn, l.: Snars gba anrpgn mssns ar pans and Man n 2030, Ams. envrn., 41, 84868499, 2007.

crran, e., c. Nmann, e. Bakr, R. Bs, D. osbrn, h. Sav ds. 2010. Sk War? t nra r waswarmanagmn n ssanab dvpmn. A Rapd Rspns Assssmn. und Nans envrnmn Prgramm, uNhABitAt, GRiDArnda. iSBN: 9788277010755. p://www.np.rg/pd/SkWar_srn.pd

Da, R. J., 2001. ovrvw ypxa arnd wrd. Jrna envrnmna Qay 30: 275281.

Da, R. J. and R. Rsnbrg, 2008. Spradng dad ns and nsqns r marn sysms.Sn 321:926929.

D, R. A. , a. 2008, impas amspr anrpgn nrgn n pn an, Sn, 320, 893 897.

ersman, J.W. Gaway, J.A. Sn, M.S. Kmn, z. and Wnwar, W., 2008 hw a nry ammna synss angd wrd. Nar G sn 1, 636 639.

ersman, J.W. a. 2011: inrans rav nrgn w ma ang and pprns r ngrad managmnsrags. n prp..

ersman, J.W., Prs, A.M.R. and Sngr, S.P. 2011: Nrgn and s mpas n nrn yng n asa ns ands n grns gas xang. in prp.

akwsk, P. G. 1997: evn nrgn y and s nn n bga sqsran co2 n an,Nar, 387: 272275.

Gaway, J.N., A. R. twnsnd, J. W. ersman, M. Bknda, z. ca, J. R. rny, l. A. Marn, S. P. Sngr, M. A. Sn,2008, transrman Nrgn cy: Rn trnds, Qsns, and Pna Sns, Sn 320. n. 5878, pp.889 892, Doi: 10.1126/sn.1136674.

Grbr, N., and J. N. Gaway, 2008: An arsysm prspv gba nrgn y, Nar, 451, 293296.

harrsn, J.A., R.J. Marangr, R.B. Axandr, A.e. Gbn, P.A. Jan, e. Mayrga, S.P. Sngr, D.J. S ba and W.M.Wm. 2009: t rgna and gba sgnan nrgn rmva n aks and rsrvrs. Bgmsry 93 1

2:143157, d:10.1007/s105330 089272x.

had J.l. and R.. ds. Nrgn n envrnmn; Srs, Prbms, and Managmn. 2nd dn. esvrS. Pbs. 702p.


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www.unep.orgUnited Nations Environment Programme

P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya

Tel.: ++254-(0)20-62 1234

Fax: ++254-(0)20-62 3927

E-mail: [email protected]

Nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous,

are a key part o delivering ood security and

sustainable development. However, excess use

and inecient practices leads to nutrient over-

enrichment, causing soil acidication and

groundwater pollution, harmul algal blooms

and dead zones in the sea, and loss o coral and

sea grass cover. There will be a growing cost to

countries in terms o the degradation o valuable

natural resources and the services and jobs they

provide.

This booklet ocuses on the use and efect o two

key nutrients - nitrogen and phosphorous.

Building the Foundations or Sustainable Nutrient

Management is a crosscutting contribution to

sustainable development and global advocacy or

productive discussion and action by countries and

their stakeholders.

Documents

Building the Foundations-2