Building Services

Building Services Engineering by Manoj MawleBuilding ServicesIts a need for any structure to keep healthy environment effect on inside and outside of structure.

Building services engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.2Type of StructuresResidential (Township)CommercialHotelHospitalAirport, RailwaysMixed DevelopmentArenasMallsSchool, Colleges & Universities

3Building Services-Electrical3

Necessity of Building Services

Can you imagine a building without MEP services?MechanicalElectricalPublic Health Services

4Project ProcedureUnderstanding Project RequirementConceptual planning, DesigningProject PlanningBudgeting, Costing & EstimationContractsProject ExecutionTesting & CommissioningBillingProject Closure

5Building Services-Electrical5Specifications & RegulationsNational Building Code (NBC-India)Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai)IS CodeBritish StandardNational Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or National Electrical Code(NEC)-USANational Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA-USA)Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore)Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA-Vadodara)6Building Services-Electrical6Building Services-ElectricalPower Sub StationHT Panel LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB)Power & Control CablingSmall PowerEmergency Power Supply-DG/UPSLighting systemEarthing System

7Building Services-Electrical7

Extra Low Voltage Services

CCTV Telephone Fire Alarm System Public Address System Access Control System Lighting Control System Server & Data System8Type of Drawings Single line diagram(SLD) Schematics Wiring diagram Control layout Section Drawing Co-ordination layout

Power Sub Station

Load CalculationsTransformer Type-Dry/OilHT/LT panelsCable SizingMSEB Norms

Building Services-Electrical10LoadVoltage LevelRuralMunicipal240/415Vup to 100 KVAup to 187 KVA11/22KV100-1500 KVA187-1500 KVA22KV1500-3000 KVA1500-3000 KVA33KV1500-5000 KVA1500-5000 KVA132/220KV5000+ KVA5000+ KVA10Load CalculationsELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT)Unit load of a flatType of loadPer flat QtyUoMKW/UnitUnitTotal Connected LoadUnitDiversity factorMaximum DemandUnitLights9Nos0.06KW0.54KW66%0.36KWCeiling / Exhaust Fans4Nos0.08KW0.32KW66%0.21KW5 amp Sockets6Nos0.1KW0.6KW50%0.30KW15 amp for Refrigerator1Nos0.425KW0.425KW66%0.28KW6A Mixer/Iron etc3Nos1KW3KW50%1.50KWAir conditioner0Nos2KW0KW50%0.00KWGeysers1Nos2KW2KW50%1.00KW3.65KWSay4.00KWUnit load of a Block Number of units60units Unit load 4.00KW Total Load240KW Common Loads Elevators 2nos7KW14KWCommon Lighting 1KWTotal Load of building255KWConsidering Group Diversity factor 70%179KWConsidering Power factor 0.85210KVABuilding Services-Electrical11Power Flow DiagramBuilding Services-Electrical12HT PanelDistribution XmerSMDBMDBLT Panel/DG PanelPDBLDBDG SetTransformerSelection of Transformer Total Load Dry or liquid(oil) filled Indoor/Outdoor Star/Delta Type( Vector Group) Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage Level Mounting-Pole/Base

Transformer CalculationsTransformer sizingTotal Connected load = 185.85 kWMax. demand = 185.85 x 0.9(load factor) = 167.27 Transformer Cap. = 167.27/(pf x eff ) =167.27/(0.85x0.85) =231.51 kVAConsidering 85% loading of Xmer = 231.51/0.8 =271.36 kVANearest available higher capacity 315 kVADiesel Generator(DG Set)A. Categorize into1. Continues load2. Non continues load3. Intermediate load

B. Selection Consideration

15Diesel GeneratorSelection Consideration Capacity CombinationLoad pattern & DG set capacity-Overlaod a) 10% overload for 1hour of every 12 hoursb) 50% overload for 15 seconds.

Technical Comparison for DG set Building Services-Electrical16

WiresWire-Its a single conductor, could be stranded but not insulated between conductor

Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided

Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant) FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke)FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen)Building Services-Electrical17CableCable- insulated conductor, could be single, multiple conductorTypes- Power Cable- PVC/XLPE-Armoured/UnarmouredTwisted Pair Cable-Telephone/NetworkTwo pair/Multi pair-Fiber optics- Data/CommunicationRG cable-for CCTVCo-axial Cable- TV

Building Services-Electrical18LightingType of lightingIlluminationLux LevelTypes of Light fixturesLighting ControlEmergency LightingBuilding Services-Electrical1919Type of lightingNatural lightIndoor LightingOutdoor lightingTask LightingFaade lightingDirect/Indirect LightingBuilding Services-Electrical20IlluminationIlluminance is a measure of how muchluminous fluxis spread over a given area. One can think of luminous flux (measured inlumens) as a measure of the total "amount" of visible light present, and the illuminance as a measure of the intensity of illumination on a surfaceBuilding Services-Electrical21Lux LevelThelux(symbol:lx) is theSIunit ofilluminanceandluminous emittance, measuringluminous fluxper unit area.It is equal to one lumenper square metre.Lux LevelMoonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 LuxMoonless clear night sky 0.002 LuxFull moon 0.27-1 LuxStreet Light 39 Lux (Avg)Living room 250 LuxOffice 350-400 LuxDay light/Sun light 10000-25000 Lux

Building Services-Electrical22Light FixtureLuminaire = Lighting fixtureLampsLamp socketsBallastsReflective materialLenses, refractors, louversHousingMounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface, Flush, Concealed Building Services-Electrical23Fixture TypesIncandescentFluorescentCFL(Compact Fluorescent Light)Light Emitting DiodeHigh Intensity Discharge

Building Services-Electrical24Types of Lighting ControlsOccupancy SensorsBi-level SwitchingTime ClockPhoto SensorsDimmersLighting Control SystemsBuilding Management Systems

Building Services-Electrical25Color Temperature (K)A measure of the warmth or coolness of a light source.

3200K = warm or red side of spectrum

4000K = cool or blue side of spectrum

3500K = neutral

5000K = Daylight

Building Services-Electrical26

Thank YouManoj Mawlemanojmawle@gmail.com

Building Services-Electrical27comparision 25KVATechno Commercial Comparison 25/30 KVAMakeUnitsPAIKANECumminsKirloskarSterlingRemarksRating in KVAKVA25253030DG ModelPKGES-25CP25 D5P3R1040SGE 30 PRAmpsAmps35354242BHP @ 1500 RPMBHP33324242Number of CylindersCLY3333Bore / stroke in mm105 x 12091.44 x 12792 x 96105 x 120Due to higher bore/stroke engine will not be on stressSwept volume (cc)cc3120250031203120Higher Displacement Engine will got better block load capacitycomparison ratio17.5 : 118.5 : 1FuelHSDHSDHSDHSDHigh Speed DieselControl Voltage12V DC12V DC12V DC12V DCBasic Indicators like SC,OL,PF,KWh etc)YesYesYesYesSilencer Type------Critical-gradeNo. of silencer1.001.001.001.00Air filter typeDry typeDry typeDry typeDry typeDimentions ( open DG set)lengthmm2400240023652100widthmm9309009501100Heightmm1385137517301475Fuel tank capacitylit65558080Genset Weightkg95096015001300Lub oil consumptionLit/hr0.010.010.10.1Lub oil sump capacitylit7.56.56.66.6Total coolant capacitylit77.56.66.6Exhaust pipe sizemm50506565fuel consumptionlit/hr4.424.84.824.81Fuel Efficient Engines Low Operating Costoil change periodhour300280300300Engine cooling system capacitylit12.4dBA level @ 1mtrsdBA75757575Engine DetailsMake & ModelEscorts & G-25Cummins X2.5 G2ESCORT-G30BatteryAH1x100CylinderVert.Inline,333Cycle4 Stroke4Displacementlit3.123.12Induction SystemNaturally AspiratedNaturally AspiratedCooling SystemWatercooledWatercooledEngine GovernerMechanicalMechanicalMechanicalAlternator DetailsMakeMeccalteCGT(Stamford)LEROY SOMER LSC 28LKVA25253030No. of poles4444Type of bearingSingleSingleSingleSingleVoltage Regulation+/-1%+/-1%+/-1%+/-1%Excitation typeBrushlessBrushlessBrushlessSHUNTInsulationClassHHHHEnclosure ProtectionIP23IP23IP23IP23Overlaod 10% for 1Hour for everty 12 hoursYesYesYesYesOperating Cost Comparision for 5000 hoursA) Fuel CostElectric Out putKW161619.219.2units GeneratedKWH80000800009600096000Diesel CostRS55555555Fuel ConsumptionLts/Hrs4.424.84.824.81@ 75% load with radiator and fanTotal Cost of DieselRS/HR243.1264265.1264.55operating cost (Fuel) in rupeesRS1215500132000013255001322750B) Lub Oil CostCost of lub oil `Rs180180180180Lub Oil ConsumptionLTS/HR0.010.010.10.1Lower Lub Oil ConsumptionCost of Lub Oil ConsumptionRS/HR1.81.81818Cost of lub oil consumed X hoursRs900090009000090000Lub Oil Sump CapacityLTS7.56.56.66.6Lub oil cost for one oil changeRs1350117011881188No of oil changenos16.6717.8616.6716.67Cost of total oil changeRs2250020892.85714285711980019800Total Lub oil costRs3150029892.8571428571109800109800Total running cost for 5000 hours of operationFuel costRs1215500132000013255001322750Lub oil CostRs3150029892.8571428571109800109800TotalRs1247000134989314353001432550Toatal Unit GenratedRs80000800009600096000Cost Per Unit GeneratedRs15.5916.8714.9514.92T1T2