BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Dr. Barbara Carby The Cayman Islands LEADERS 2006, Jamaica

BUILDING RESILIENT BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

Dr. Barbara CarbyDr. Barbara Carby

The Cayman IslandsThe Cayman Islands

LEADERS 2006, JamaicaLEADERS 2006, Jamaica

LEADERS 2006 COURSELEADERS 2006 COURSE

MODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMSMODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMS

LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUEDEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE

SESSION OUTLINESESSION OUTLINE5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A 5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A

RESILIENTRESILIENT NATIONAL DISASTER RISK NATIONAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEM

10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS DiscussionDiscussion

Session WillSession Will

Examine the concept of Resilience,Examine the concept of Resilience,

its importance and consequences of its importance and consequences of non-resilient systems.non-resilient systems.

The question of how resilience can be The question of how resilience can be achieved will be examined.achieved will be examined.

RESILIENCERESILIENCE

Resilience – what is it?Resilience – what is it?

Ability to prepare for, recover from,Ability to prepare for, recover from,

the impact of hazards in ways that the impact of hazards in ways that prevent or minimise disruption and prevent or minimise disruption and mitigate the effects of future hazardsmitigate the effects of future hazards


Why is it important?Why is it important?

IVAN - ImpactIVAN - Impact

GrenadaGrenada

% GDP 212% GDP 212

Impact on Productive Impact on Productive Sector EC 539.2 mSector EC 539.2 m

Infrastructure Infrastructure 262.4m262.4m

% of Housing 89% of Housing 89

% Population 79% Population 79

CaymanCayman

% GDP 138% GDP 138

Impact on Productive Impact on Productive Sector CI 1117.7mSector CI 1117.7m

Infrastructure Infrastructure 488.4m488.4m

% of Housing 83% of Housing 83

% Population 83 % Population 83

Cost of VulnerabilityCost of Vulnerability

Infrastructure and Lifeline SystemsInfrastructure and Lifeline Systems

Northridge Earthquake 1994Northridge Earthquake 1994

27% of regional business loss due to 27% of regional business loss due to Highway disruptionHighway disruption

Kobe Earthquake 1995Kobe Earthquake 1995

Infrastructure failure brought business Infrastructure failure brought business activity almost to a halt activity almost to a halt

Cost of VulnerabilityCost of Vulnerability

Infrastructure and Lifeline SystemsInfrastructure and Lifeline Systems

2003 Blackout of NE Coast2003 Blackout of NE Coast, N , N AmericaAmerica

Cost US$ 4-10b in economic lossCost US$ 4-10b in economic loss

Cayman Is 2004Cayman Is 2004Loss of function of airport and port costLoss of function of airport and port costCI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impactCI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impact

Damage is only part of the story…..Damage is only part of the story…..

Cayman Islands 2004Cayman Islands 2004

Total impact on InfrastructureTotal impact on Infrastructure

CI$410m of which 90.5m was CI$410m of which 90.5m was lossloss of of revenue and increased operating revenue and increased operating costcost


What Needs to be Resilient ?What Needs to be Resilient ?


What needs to be resilient?What needs to be resilient?

Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire

Stns., Stns., EM facilitiesEM facilities Lifeline Systems – Health, Water, Lifeline Systems – Health, Water,

Sewerage, PowerSewerage, Power HousingHousing

RESILIENCE – Unexpected benefitRESILIENCE – Unexpected benefit

Cayman Islands Hospital - IVANCayman Islands Hospital - IVAN

Functioned during Hurricane IvanFunctioned during Hurricane Ivan

Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding communitiescommunities

Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while continuing to provide care.continuing to provide care.

Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.

Causing temporary relocation to top floorCausing temporary relocation to top floor



ICT InfrastructureICT Infrastructure DRM SystemDRM System National Security SystemsNational Security Systems Education SystemsEducation Systems



EconomyEconomy – 2005 CI Economy grew by – 2005 CI Economy grew by 6.5% 6.5% including growth in tourist arrivalsincluding growth in tourist arrivals

Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2%Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2%

GovernmentGovernment must continue to must continue to functionfunction


How do we achieve resilience?How do we achieve resilience?


Resilience must be built into Resilience must be built into DevelopmentDevelopment

Resilience should be achieved throughResilience should be achieved throughdevelopment which should addressdevelopment which should address

TechnicalTechnicalOrganisationalOrganisationalSocio-economic aspectsSocio-economic aspects


TechnicalTechnical

Risk analysis, mapping should inform Risk analysis, mapping should inform

Location, design of structures, Location, design of structures, infrastructureinfrastructure

Location, Location, Location !Location, Location, Location !

Risk MapsRisk Maps

Risk MapsRisk Maps


TechnicalTechnical

MaintenanceMaintenance

Structures must be properly Structures must be properly maintainedmaintained


TechnicalTechnical UpgradeUpgrade

If we missed the boat at construction – If we missed the boat at construction – its not too late !its not too late !

Retrofit Retrofit 2 schools which survived2 schools which survivedon Grenada had been retrofittedon Grenada had been retrofitted


TechnicalTechnical

Critical facilities, infrastructure must Critical facilities, infrastructure must be be

designed with an additional factor of designed with an additional factor of safetysafety

Redundancy – alternative/duplicateRedundancy – alternative/duplicate


OrganisationalOrganisational

Resilient EM systemsResilient EM systems

Evacuation routes remain openEvacuation routes remain open

Emergency telecomms functionalEmergency telecomms functional

EOCs EOCs mustmust survive or be up within survive or be up within hourshours

Shelters should be safe, equippedShelters should be safe, equipped


Socio-economicSocio-economic

Diversified, vibrant economy Diversified, vibrant economy

Robust private sectorRobust private sector

Robust public sectorRobust public sector

Risk TransferRisk Transfer



Government, BusinessesGovernment, Businesses

Cayman – financial sector continued Cayman – financial sector continued functioning immediately after Ivan –functioning immediately after Ivan –

Majority of banks had continuity/recovery Majority of banks had continuity/recovery plansplans

and reported no major losses due to and reported no major losses due to stormstorm



Private sector was able to assist in Private sector was able to assist in recovery of countryrecovery of country

Public sector had no continuity plansPublic sector had no continuity plans – –

Now requiredNow required




High level of insurance in Cayman High level of insurance in Cayman permittedpermitted

faster recovery – Approximately 16% of faster recovery – Approximately 16% of homes were not insuredhomes were not insured

Source ECLAC ReportSource ECLAC Report


CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities Co.Co.

US$ 100m Coverage for damage,US$ 100m Coverage for damage,

US$ 55m in business interruption,US$ 55m in business interruption,

US$ 15m in Machinery breakdownUS$ 15m in Machinery breakdown

US$ 4m Fund to cover deductiblesUS$ 4m Fund to cover deductibles

US$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstructionUS$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstruction

US$ 10m Bridging loan facilityUS$ 10m Bridging loan facilityECLAC ReportECLAC Report


People need to be resilient too…People need to be resilient too…

Adequate income to afford safe Adequate income to afford safe housinghousing

““Cushion” – insurance/savings/familyCushion” – insurance/savings/family

Knowledge and skills to make their Knowledge and skills to make their communities resistantcommunities resistant


And what of issues of governance?And what of issues of governance?

Corruption-free and fearless approval processCorruption-free and fearless approval process

Adequate funding for risk reduction Adequate funding for risk reduction programmesprogrammes

Impartial enforcement of laws – popular or notImpartial enforcement of laws – popular or not

Achieving resilience means enforcement of lawsAchieving resilience means enforcement of laws

SummarySummary

Resilience is important for :Resilience is important for :

Reducing deaths, injuriesReducing deaths, injuries Reducing damageReducing damage Reducing recovery timeReducing recovery time Reducing lossesReducing losses

SummarySummary

Resilience is a development issueResilience is a development issue

and should be an integral part of and should be an integral part of development planning whether development planning whether physical or physical or economiceconomic

However resilience can be conferred However resilience can be conferred through retrofitting of existing through retrofitting of existing elementselements

BALANCEBALANCE

Disaster Risk Disaster Risk ManagementManagementis about …is about …Balance -Balance -Hazards, Development,Hazards, Development,Environment,Environment,People in balancePeople in balanceand harmony.and harmony.

Balance, HarmonyBalance, Harmony

Documents

BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Dr. Barbara Carby The Cayman Islands LEADERS 2006, Jamaica