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BUILDING ON LEARNINGSENABLING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE
GROWTH OF FOOD DEMAND
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES &
REGULATIONS
Inclusive
Value
Chain
Enabling
Environment
Policies, Laws
& Regulations
Government
Policymakers
THE VALUE OF BENCHMARKING
You [Socrates] have discovered the reasons
why some farmers are so successful
that husbandry yields them
all they need in abundance,
and others are so inefficient
that they find farming unprofitable.
I should like to hear the reasons in each case,
in order that we may do what is good
and avoid what is harmful.
Xenophon, 4th Century BC
Enabling the Business of Agriculture aims to identify
and monitor policies and regulations that can foster
an enabling environment for the local and regional
business of agriculture and encourage and inform
policy changes that support inclusive participation in
agricultural markets.
EBA: A TOOL FOR IMPROVED POLICYMAKING
Comparable and actionable indicators
Identify good practices
Motivate reforms
TIMELINE
10 pilot
countries
----------
6 core topics
10 pilot
+
30 new
countries
----------
6 core topics
+
6 new topics(2 cross cutting
areas)
40 countries
+
40 new
countries
----------
12 topics(2 cross cutting
areas)
Concept
development,
consultations
& preparation
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016
TIMELINE
10 pilot
countries
----------Initial data
for 6 topics
40 countries ----------
Initial indicators
for 10 topics
and 2 cross
cutting areas
80 countries ----------
Refined
indicators for
10 topics and 2
cross cutting
areas
Concept
development,
consultations
& preparation
Research PreparationData
Collection
Data
Coding &
Analysis
Pilot
reportingFeedback
PILOT PHASE
2014-2015 2015-2016
THEMATIC COVERAGE
Access to Agricultural
Inputs (Seeds,
Fertilizer, Machinery)
Access to Agricultural
Finance
Access to Transport &
Storage
Access to Agricultural
Land
Access to Markets
(Domestic, Regional, Contract Farming)
Access to Water
Rural Electricity &
ICT
Enabling the Business of Agriculture
THEMATIC COVERAGE
LANDAG
FINANCESEED FERT
AG
TRANSPMARKET
ICTRURAL
ELECTR
AG
MECHAN
CONTR
FARM
CORE TOPICS
INITIAL TESTING
TECHNICAL NOTE
Literature
Experts
Advisors
INDICATOR AREAS Literature
Experts
Advisors
DATA POINTS
/
QUESTIONNAIRES
COUNTRY SELECTION
CONTRIBUTORS
Government institutions
Companies
Associations
Academia
Research institutions
NGOs/farmer organizations
COUNTRY VISITS
Morocco, Ukraine, Rwanda
Guatemala
Ethiopia, Philippines, Mozambique
November 2013
December 2013
February 2014
Nepal, Uganda, SpainMarch 2014
DESIGN TO ANALYSIS
• Unavailability of data (laws, regulations, metrics)
• Statistical unreliability or weakness of data
• Incomparability of data (varying collection methodology)
• Reluctance to provide certain information
• Limited contributor base to verify data (time & motion)
• Specific case study assumptions need to be refined for
time and motion indicators
• Extensive follow up to obtain data
DATA COLLECTION CHALLENGES
The important vs. the most important
LEARNINGS
VOLUME OF DATA POINTS
LEARNINGS
ROBUST AND COMPARABLE MEASUREMENTS
LEARNINGS
DATA COLLECTION WISDOM
• Interaction/relationship
with contributor
• Length of questionnaire
• Prepopulating surveys
LEARNINGSM
ea
su
rab
ilit
y/
Ro
bu
stn
es
s
Relevance
(+)
(+) (-)
(-)
LEARNINGS : AG TRANSPORT( TRU C K ING S ERV IC ES )
Starting trucking company
Licensing requirements/procedures
Market structure
Pricing regulation & freight allocation
Transport prices and costs
Axle-load regulation and inspections
Road blocks, tolls and fees
International agreements
Foreign trucking competition
Accessing appropriate vehicles
Road quality, access and density
Rural roads financing
Agricultural storage
LEARNINGS : AG TRANSPORT( TRU C K ING S ERV IC ES )
Licensing of truck operations
Pricing regulation/
freight allocation
Axle load regulations
Monitoring of road access,
density and quality
Foreign trucking competition
F i rs t - t ime reg istrat ion
p rocesses
Process safeguards
Legal s t ructure o f the
land reg istr y
FOCUS OF DATA AREAS
LAND
Register ing fer t i l i zers
Impor t ing fer t i l i zers
Qual i ty control
Fer t i l i zer use and so i l
hea lth
FERTILIZERS
Branchless banking
Non- tradi t ional
co l latera l
Warehouse receipts
Prudent ia l regulat ion
FINANCE
SEEDS
Evaluat ion and
reg istrat ion of new
var iet ies
Seed qual i ty control
requirements
In ternat ional and
reg ional seed t rade
L icens ing
Pr ic ing
Cross -border t rucking
compet i t ion
Axle - load
Monitor ing road access
and qual i ty
FOCUS OF DATA AREAS
TRANSPORT
Legal f ramework
Contract specif icat ions
Procedural
requirements
Dispute resolut ion
mechanisms
CONTRACT FARMING
Government p lan and
cooperat ive act ion
Cross -border expor ts
Phytosanitar y
regulat ion
MARKETS
DATA : SEED
Toward a regulatory framework for a thriving seed sector
4
2
4
Seed Policy
Existing
In Development
Inexistent
64
Plant Variety Protection
Existing
Inexistent
2
35
Regulatory reform
In effect
Intention
None
DATA: SEED
A critical regulatory focus —
efficient and timely release of new varieties
6
5
8
6 6 6
9
6 6
0 2
15.8
0 0
30.6
9.9
28
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Procedures and Cost for Evaluation and variety release
DATA: SEED
73
Regional Certification
Members
Non-Members
Opportunities in regional and international cooperation
64
International Certification
Members
Non-Members
CONSULTATIVE/FEEDBACK PROCESS
oMethodological approach
oAnalysis of indicators
oContributor strategy
CSOs
Technical
exper ts
Report review
Peer rev iewers
Countr y o f f ices
Donors
Technical
exper ts
Technical
exper tsJune
2014
Sept
2014
LOOKING FORWARD
SCALE UPLAND
AG
FINANCESEED FERT
AG
TRANSPMARKET
TOPICS
ICTENVIRON
SUSTAINWATER
MECHA-
NIZATIONGENDER
LIVE-
STOCK
BUILD & REFINE
INDICATORS
LOOKING FORWARD
Challenge of
choosing indicators
that are:
most relevant in determining “enability” of environment
measurable and statistically robust
fully comparable
relevant to market linkages/constraints/opportunities
for smaller farmers
ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS
LOOKING FORWARD
46% with 4 hours
69% with 4 hours
PERFORMANCE/OUTCOME METRICS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Agri-
Based
Pre-Transition
Urbanizing Transition
Developed
Ag
ricu
ltu
re V
A a
s %
of
GD
P
Economically Active in Ag as % of Total Economically Active Population
25.0%
LOOKING FORWARD
AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION FRAMEWORK
AGRICULTURAL VA AND AGRIBUSINESS VA (AS % OF GDP, AND THEIR RAT IO TO ONE ANOTHER)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ag Based Pre Transition Transition Urbanising Developed
Ag VA as % of GDP Ag biz as % of GDP Remaining of Other Sectors as % of GDP
Ra
tio
of
Ag
to
Ag
biz
1 : 0.56 1 : 0.87 1 : 1.06 1 : 1.17 1 : 1.90
BUILDING ON LEARNINGSBENCHMARKING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE
Thank you