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Building-Integrated Thermal Energy Systems (BITES)
Professors: Cynthia CruickshankJean DuquetteJohn Gaydos
Industry Partner: Chris Weissflog
• Canada is the fifth largest energy producer in the world and the eighth largest consumer of energy
• Buildings account for 28% of secondary energy use in Canada and represent a large source of GHGs
• Approximately 80% of residential use is attributed to space heating and hot water demands
• Current strategies to reduce building loads typically consider heating, cooling and hot water needs separately
HydroNuclearCoal
Non-hydro renewables
Natural gas and oil
Nuclear15%
Hydro59%
Coal9%
Natural gas and oil
10%
Non-hydro renewables
7%
Canada’s Energy Mix
• Project focus is on an integrated approach for heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and domestic hot water heating for low-rise multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs)
• Design and optimization is required:
• Passive solar architecture
• High-performance envelope
• Multi-function heat pumps
• Heat recovery
• Geothermal storage
• Control strategies
• Goal is to design a building integrated thermal energy system (BITES) that is replicable and delivers net-zero-energy-ready levels of performance for a 10-year payback
• Year 1 (2018-19):
• Analyze performance of BITES prototype (single-family residential scale) and identify opportunities for improving design
• Size key components (heat pumps, thermal storage, hydronic floor, geothermal field, thermal mass, windows) using simplified models and develop recommendations for MURB
• Develop detailed design of heat pump prototype
• Year 2 (2019-20):
• Fabricate and measure performance of a CO2 heat pump prototype in laboratory setting
• Optimize heat pump design based on preliminary results; optimize design to balance performance with cost
• Develop detailed heat transfer model using building simulation tool representing functioning of complete MURB/BITES
• Develop control strategies to optimize energy use and thermal comfort
• Develop detailed design for HRV for fabrication in Year 3
Ground Heat Exchanger Glycol
LoopMain Heat Pump
Effluent Heat Reclamation
System
Domestic Hot Water Tank
Thermal Energy Storage
TanksExcess Heat
Dumped to Ground
Reclaimed Hot Water from Drains
Hot Water to Consumers
Secondary Heat Source for TES Tank
Primary Heat Source for TES Tank
Cooling for TES Tank
Primary Heating for Heat Pump
Fan Coil Unit
Heating for Fan Coil Units
Heating and Cooling for Hydronics Flooring
Dehumidification for Fan Coil Units
Fresh Air in, Exhaust Air out
Hydronics Flooring Coils in the MURB
BITES Concept
Illustration courtesy of K. Firempong-Boakye
Heat Pump Expansion Valves and Pumps
Ground Loop
Fan Coil Unit# 1
To the MURBExhaust Air
from MURB
Exhaust Air to Outside
Fresh Air from Outside
Domestic Hot Water Tank
Thermal Energy Storage Tanks
Mains Water
Recirculatory Loop
From Hydronics loop
To Hydronics Loop
Injection of hydronics water into the loop
To Consumers
Heat Pump #2
Effluent heat pump with Evaporator and
Condenser inside
Effluent Water in Effluent Water out
23℃ Water
5℃ Water
Heat Pump #1
ERV #1
55℃ Water
8℃ Water
Temperature to be kept at about 50℃
24℃ for Heating19.5℃ for Cooling
60℃ Water
24℃ to -5℃ Temperature RangeGlycol
P#1
HX#1 (Water to Glycol HX)
P#2
P#3P#4
P#11 HX#4 (Glycol to Water HX)
HX#2HX#3
P#7
P#10
P#8
P#5
P#6
P#9
V#1
V#2
V#3
V#4
V#5
V#6
V#7
V#8
V#9
V#10
V#11
V#12 V#13
V#14
V#15
V#16V#17
V#18
V#19 V#20
HX# - Heat Exchanger
P#- Pump
V#- Valves
SE#- Sensor
SE#1
SE#2
SE#3
SE#4
SE#5
SE#6
SE#7
SE#8
SE#9
SE#10
SE#11
SE#12
SE#13
SE#14
SE#15
SE#16
SE#17
SE#18 SE#19
SE#20
SE#21
Condensor
Evaporators
BITES Design
Illustration courtesy of K. Firempong-Boakye
TRNSYS Model Revit Model
Illustration courtesy of T. Walker
Illustration courtesy of B. Legault
EnergyPlus Model SketchUp ModelIllustrations courtesy of M. Katukurunda
Illustration courtesy of J. Aalab
SolidWorks Model
• Year 1 (2018-19):
• Analyze performance of BITES prototype (single-family residential scale) and identify opportunities for improving design
• Size key components (heat pumps, thermal storage, hydronic floor, geothermal field, thermal mass, windows) using simplified models and develop recommendations for MURB
• Develop detailed design of heat pump prototype
• Year 2 (2019-20):
• Fabricate and measure performance of a CO2 heat pump prototype in laboratory setting
• Optimize heat pump design based on preliminary results; optimize design to balance performance with cost
• Develop detailed heat transfer model using building simulation tool representing functioning of complete MURB/BITES
• Develop control strategies to optimize energy use and thermal comfort
• Develop detailed design for HRV for fabrication in Year 3
2018-19 Class
Thank you for your interest in BITES!