Building Design Handout

7/17/2019 Building Design Handout

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The public continually demands more complex buildings than

in the past. They must serve more purposes, last longer, and

require less maintenance and repair. As in the past, they must

look attractive. Yet, both building construction and operating costsmust be kept within acceptable limits or new construction will

cease. To meet this challenge successfully, continual

improvements in building design and construction must be made.

Building designers and constructors should be alert to these

advances and learn how to apply them skillfully.

2.0 PRICIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE

2.1 A building is an assemblage that is rmly attached to the

ground and that provides total or nearly total shelter for

machines, processing equipment, performance of human

activities, storage of human possessions, or any combination of

these.

2.2 Building design is the process of providing all information

necessary for construction of a building that will meet its owner!srequirements and also satisfy public health, welfare, and safety

requirements.

2.3 Building !ns"#u"i!n is the process of assembling

materials to form a building.

2.$ A#%i"e"s are persons legally permitted to practice

architecture.

2.& Enginee#s are experts in specic scientic disciplines and

are legally permitted to design parts of buildings" in some cases,

complete buildings. #n some states, persons licensed as building

designers are permitted to design certain types of buildings.



2.' Building !ns"#u"i!n is generally performed by laborers

and craftspeople engaged for the purpose by an individual or

organi$ation, called a contractor. The

%ontractor signs an agreement, or contract, with the buildingowner under which

The contractor agrees to construct a specic building on a

specied site and the

&wner agrees to pay for the materials and services provided.

3.0 DESI(N PRINCIPLES

'. (&%AT#&) A)* +-+&/ 0 The building should be constructedto serve purposes specied by the client.

1. A2A#(AB#(#TY &3 4AT/-#A( 5 T/%6)&(&7Y, T#4/ A)*

A%%/#B#(#TY 0 The design should be constructible by known

techniques and with available labor and equipment, within an

acceptable time.

8. )AT#&)A( B#(*#)7 %&*/ A)* TA)*A-* 0 The building

should be capable of withstanding the elements and normal

usage for a period of time specied by the client.9. A/T6/T#% 0 Both inside and outside, the building should be

visually pleasing.

:. A3/TY &3 /- 0 )o part of the building should pose a

ha$ard to the safety or health of its occupants under normal

usage, and the building should provide for safe evacuation or

refuge in emergencies.

;. %(#4AT/ A)* 4#%-&%(#4AT/ 0 The building should provide the

degree of shelter from the elements and of control of the interiorenvironment<air, temperature, humidity, light, and acoustics<

specied by the client and not less than the minimums required

for safety and health of the occupants.

=. /)2#-&)4/)TA( #/ 0 The building should be constructed

to minimi$e adverse impact on the environment.



>. /)/-7Y %&)4+T#&)?T#(#T#/ 0 &peration of the building

should consume a minimum of energy while permitting the

structure to serve its purposes.

@. B*7/T 0 The sum of costs of construction, operation,

maintenance, repair, and anticipated future alterations should bekept within the limit specied by the client.

The ul"i)*"e !b+e"i,e !- design is to provide all the

information necessary for the construction of a building. This

obective is achieved by the production of

a. drawings, or plans, showing what is to be constructed,b. specications stating what materials and equipment are to be

incorporated in the building,c. and a construction contract between the client and a

contractor.

$.0 SSTE/S DESI(N AND ANALSISAnalysis of a building as a system.

ynthesis, or selection of components, to form a system that

meets specic

obectives while subect to constraints, or variables controllableby designers.

Appraisal of system performance, including comparisons with

alternative systems.

3eedback to analysis and synthesis of information obtained in

system evaluation,

to improve the design.

&.0 TRADITIONAL DESI(N PROCEDURES

#n the rst stage, the architect develops a #!g#*), or list

of the client!s requirements.

#n the next stage, the s%e)*"i !# !ne"u*l %*se,

the architect translates requirements into spaces, relates the



spaces and makes sketches, called schematics, to illustrate the

concepts. hen suCcient information is obtained on the si$e and

general construction of the building, a rough estimate is made of

construction cost.

)ext stage, design de,el!)en", proceeds. #n this stage,

the architect and consultants work out more details and show the

results in preliminary construction drawings and outline

specications. A preliminary cost estimate utili$ing the greater

amount of information on the building now available is then

prepared.

The nal stage, the !n"#*" d!u)en"s %*se,starts. #t culminates in production of working, or construction,

drawings and specications, which are incorporated in the

contract between the client and a builder and therefore become

legal documents. Before the documents are completed, however,

a nal cost estimate is prepared. #f the cost exceeds the client!s

budget, the design is

-evised to achieve the necessary cost reduction.

'.0 /AOR BUILDIN( SSTE/S

'.1 S"#u"u#*l Ss"e)

0 3oundation, vertical and hori$ontal supports, Door and roof,

and other components

'.2 Ss"e)s -!# Enl!sing Buildings

3loor and wall nish, roong, doors and windows and other

architectural components

'.3 Ss"e)s -!# Enl!sing In"e#i!# S*e 3loor and ceiling system, interior partitions, subDoor

coverings, re ratings

'.$ He*"ing4 5en"il*"i!n4 *nd Ai#C!ndi"i!ning 6H5AC7 8

Au9ill*#

Airconditioners, and ventilations



'.& Lig%"ing *nd A!us"is 8 Ele"#i*l Ss"e)

(ighting xtures and sound proong designs

'.' Ele"#i P!:e# *nd C!))uni*"i!n Ss"e)s

+ower source and wiring system

'.; 5e#"i*lCi#ul*"i!n Ele)en"s0 -amps, stairs, elevators, escalators and conveyors

'.< Plu)bing Ss"e)

0 aste water and storm drainage system and water source

'.= In"elligen" Buildings

0 %ore0control ystem, computer and communication system

=.E

ource and -eference

B#(*#)7 */#7)A)* %&)T-%T#&)

6A)*B&&F ;th /dition3rederick . 4erritt G*eceasedH /ditor

Ionathan T. -icketts /ditor

Documents

Building Design Handout